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51 A³Vy~a 2019

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6 1 A³Vy~a 2019

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71 A³Vy~a 2019

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df© 1905 ‘| {~«{Q>e gaH$ma Zo O~ ~§Jmb {d^mOZ H$m {ZU©` {b`m Vmo BgH$m g‘yMo ~§Jmb ‘| Kmoa {damoY hþAm& Cg g‘` do T>mH$m Ho$ H$m°bo{OEQ> ñHy$b ‘| AÜ``Z H$a aho Wo& Bgr Xm¡amZ B©ñQ> ~§Jmb Ho$ JdZ©a H$m°bo{OEQ> ñHy$b H$m

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{‘ò ‘| "ha' Am¡a "B{e' Zm‘ go {ed H$s CnmgZm hmoVr ahr& MrZ, OmnmZ Ho$ àmMrZ gm{h˶ ‘| qbJ nyOm Zm‘ go àmW©Zm àM{bV Wr& ‘³H$m ‘| ñWm{nV ‘³Ho$ída qbJ H$mbo nËWa H$m h¡& ‘wgb‘mZ Bgo "AgdX' Ho$ Zm‘ go nwH$maVo h¢& Vw{H©$ñVmZ, ~o~rbmoZ ZJa ‘| EH$ {demb {edqbJ ~Vm¶m OmVm h¡& A‘arH$m ‘hmÛrn Ho$ A§VJ©V ~«mOrb ‘| ^r AZoH$ {edqbJ nmE J¶o h¢& Omdm, gw‘mÌm, {OZH$m Zm‘ nhbo ¶dÛrn Am¡a gwdU©Ûrn Wm, ‘| ‘§{Xam| Ho$ A§Xa {edqbJ ñWm{nV h¢&

¶h OmZH$a AmíM¶© Zht hmoZm Mm{hE {H$ ¶yamon Ho$ A{YH$Va Xoem| H$s ñWmnZm AmO go bJ^J Xg hOma df© nyd© CZ Agwa gm‘§Vm| Ûmam H$s JB© Omo A§{V‘ Xodmgwa g§J«m‘ ‘| BÝX« go nam{OV

hmo J¶o Wo&BZ Agwam| Zo npíM‘ E{e¶m ‘|

XObm Am¡a ’$amV ZXr Ho$ àXoem| ‘| nhþ±MH$a A˶§V ep³Vembr gw‘o[a¶Z Am¡a Agr[a¶Z gm‘«mÁ¶m| H$s ñWmnZm H$s& dhm§ ì¶dpñWV hmo OmZo na CÝhm|Zo AnZo Am{X Xoe H$s gwIX AZw^y{V¶m| H$mo {b{n~Õ H$a CÝh| gwa{jV aIZo H$m

à¶mg {H$¶m& Bgr A{^¶mZ Ho$ A§VJ©V {‘Ì (gy¶©) déU, Ap½Z, dm¶w, ¶‘ Am{X d¡{XH$ Xodr-XodVmAm| Ho$ Zm‘, Ob ßbmdZ H$s KQ>Zm VWm d¡{XH$ Cnm»¶mZ Am¡a Amgwar-g§ñH¥${V E{e¶m ‘mBZa (AmO H$m VwH$s©) hmoVr hþB© ¶yamon VH$ Om nhþ±Mr h¡& {OZ Xodr-XodVmAm| Ho$ Zm‘m| go ¶yamon Ho$ {Zdmgr n[a{MV h¢, do g§ñH¥$V ^mfm Am¡a nma{g¶m| H$s "O|X' ‘| EH$ hr Zm‘ go nyOo OmVo h¢&¶wÕ H$bm ‘| nma§JV

Am¶m©dV© go {ZîH$mgZ Ho$ ~mX Agwam| Zo AZoH$ Xoem| ‘| AnZr pñW[V gwÑ‹T> H$ar& ’$moZr{g¶m,gmBàg, gr[a¶m, Agr[a¶m, OmoS> ©Z, BOam¶b, AXZ, Amo‘mZ Am{X g^r amÁ¶m| H$m EH$ g§JR>Z ~Zm& amo‘Z Am¡a J«rH$ bmoJ BZ n‹S>mogr

amÁ¶m| H$mo A˶mMmar Am¡a H«y$a H$hVo Wo& {‘ëQ>Z Ho$ "n¡amS>mBO bm°ñQ>'‘| do BZHo$ {bE" ~ma~o[a¶Z' eãX H$m à¶moJ H$aVo Wo& dhm± {bIm h¡ {H$ BZ ~ma~o[a¶Zm| Zo nhbo ñdJ© Am¡a Am¶m©dV© H$mo byQ>m, BgHo$ ~mX {‘l Am¡a amo‘Z-gm‘«mÁ¶ H$s Amoa byQ>‘ma hmoZo bJr, ³¶m|{H$ Xodmgwa g§J«m‘ ‘| ñdJ© Ho$ emgH$ BÝÐ Zo BZH$m {dÜd§g {H$¶m Wm&

Mma gm¡ df© {‘g« H$s XmgVm ‘| ahZo go BOamBb Ho$ bmoJ ^r new-njr Am¡a ObMam| H$s ‘y{V©¶m± ~ZmH$a nyOVo aho& {‘ò ‘| EH$ nwamZr H$Wm h¡ {H$ EH$ ~ma Agwam| Zo XodVmAm| na AmH«$‘U {H$¶m Vmo XodVm ̂ mJ I‹S>o hþE& Agwam| Ûmam nrN>m H$aZo na XodVm {‘ò Ho$ amÁ¶ ‘| Kwg JE Am¡a new-n{j¶m| Ho$ Kam| ‘| {N>nH$a ~¡R> JE& Agwa nVm Z nmH$a bm¡Q> JE& V~ go {‘ò ‘| new-n{j¶m| H$s nyOm H$s OmVr h¡, ³¶m|{H$ CZ‘| XodVm {Z{hV h¢&

Om°Z {‘ëQ>Z Ho$ AZwgma {‘ò Ho$ {demb {nam{‘S>, ~ëhrH$ Ho$ ^ì¶ ^dZ Am¡a ^maV ‘| nm§S>dm| H$m g^m^dZ VWm bmjmJ¥h O¡go {Z‘m©U BÝht Xmgm| Ho$ Ûmam {H$E JE h¢& ~pëH$, {haʶ, AKmgwa, d¥Îm, àbå~, emëd Am{X Zm‘ Ho$ Agwa ‘hmZ, ep³Vembr hmoZo Ho$ gmW-gmW ¶wÕ H$bmAm| ‘| ^r nma§JV Wo&X¡Ë¶ go S>reb¡ÊS>

‘H©$ XmZd Zo "S> oZ‘mH©$' Xoe ~gm¶m& e§S> Zo "ñH|$S>oZo{d¶m' amÁ¶m| H$s ñWmnZm H$s& Bgr àH$ma H$mbHo$¶ X¡Ë¶ Ho$ Zm‘ go Ho$ëQ> à{gÕ hþAm& Bgr X¡Ë¶ eãX H$m An^«§e S>M² ~Zm& O‘©Zr H$m àmMrZ Zm‘ S>rM²eb¢S> (X¡Ë¶b¢S>) Wm& Agwam| H$m {Zdmg hmoZo go gr[a¶m H$m Zm‘ nhbo

{dMma

~«

{H$VZo bmoJm| H$mo ‘mby‘ h¡ {H$ S>oZ‘mH©$, ~opëO¶‘, {’$Zb¢S>, ñdrS>Z, pñdQ>Oab¡ÊS> O¡go Xoem| H$mo ^maVr¶m| Zo ~gm¶m Wm& Xodmgwa g§J«m‘ ‘| hmaZo Ho$ ~mX Agwa ¶yamon Mbo J¶o Am¡a AbJ-AbJ Xoem| H$s ñWmnZm H$s& boIH$ ~ëb^ S>mo^mb Xo aho h¡ emoYnyU© VarHo$ go dh nyar OmZH$mar …

~ëb^ S>mo^mb

Am¶ab¡ÊS> Ho Vmam{hb na ~Zm àmMrZ {edqbJ

111 A³Vy~a 2019

Agr[a¶m hþAm Am¡a {’$a gr[a¶m hmo J¶m& "~opëO¶‘' eãX H$m "{O¶‘²' ^r X¡Ë¶ H$m An^«§e h¡& nm{U Agwam| Zo "{’$Zb¡§S>>', ídoV XmZd Zo "ñdrS>Z' ~gm¶m Vmo ídoV Zm‘ go hr "pñdQ²>Oab¡ÊS>' à{gÕ hþAm& JmW Zm‘ H$m EH$ X¡Ë¶ Wm, {OgHo$ Zm‘ go ’«$m§g ‘| JmW Om{V H$m Am{d^m©d hþAm& "X¡Ë¶' eãX H$m An^«§e "Q>rQ>Z' h¡, Omo A§J«oOm| Ho$ nyd©O Wo& S>rM²e, S>M, Q>rQ>Z, S>oZ, {O¶‘² Am{X X¡Ë¶ eãX Ho$ hr n¶m©¶ h¢& A’«$sH$m Ho$ H$B© Xoem| Ho$ Zm‘ ̂ r X¡Ë¶m| Ho$ Zm‘ na AmVo h¢& nwamUm| ‘| J^©ñWb H$m A{Yn{V amjgamO gw‘mbr H$mo ~Vm¶m J¶m h¡& A’«$sH$m H$m {demb Xoe "gmo‘mbrb¡ÊS>' Cgr Ho$ Zm‘ go {d»¶mV h¡&~{b H$mo A’«$sH$m ^oOm

am‘m¶U, CÎmaH$mÊS> ‘| {dîUw Ûmam gw‘mbr H$s namO¶ H$m dU©Z AmVm h¡& namñV gw‘mbr Am{X amjg b§H$m go nbm¶Z H$a nmVmb AWm©V² A’«$sH$m Ho$ gmo‘mbrb¡ÊS> ‘| OmH$a ~g OmVo h¢& nwamUm| ‘| A‘arH$m, A’«$sH$m Am{X Xoem| H$mo hr nmVmb-bmoH$ H$hm J¶m h¡& ̂ mJdV nwamU ‘| {bIm h¡ {H$ O~ ~{b Zo XodVmAm| H$mo namñV H$a ñdJ© g{hV g§nyU© n¥Ïdr na A{YH$ma H$a {b¶m Vmo {dîUw Zo dm‘Z ê$n YmaU H$a N>b go Xmo nJm| go n¥Ïdr H$mo Zmn {b¶m& ~{b Zo VrZ nJ n¥Ïdr XoZo H$m dMZ Omo {X¶m Wm, bo{H$Z O~ Vrgao nJ Ho$ {bE n¥Ïdr Z ~Mr Vmo {XE JE dMZm| H$mo nyam Z H$a nmZo Ho$ H$maU ~{b H$mo nmVmb bmoH$ OmZm n‹S>m& ~{b Ho$ gmW Bg H$nQ>-ì¶dhma na Agwam| H$s ‘mVm {X{V Zo {dîUw H$mo ’$Q>H$mam& V~ {dîUw Agwam| Ho$ {bE nmVmb bmoH$ ‘| ^r ñdJ© O¡gr ì¶dñWm H$aZo H$m dMZ XoH$a ‘mVm H$mo AmídñV H$aVo h¢ Am¡a nmVmb ‘| ̂ r ñdJ© O¡gr ì¶dñWm H$a dmng bm¡Q>Vo hþE ~{b go H$hVo h¢ {H$ "~{b! A~ Vw‘ Bg ñdJ© H$s g‘¥{Õ H$m Cn^moJ H$amo& Vwåhmao Bg bmoH$ ‘| {H$gr dñVw H$s H$‘r Z ahoJr, qH$Vw ‘¢ Om ahm hÿ±& Bg{bE g~ Hw$N> hmoVo hþE ^r ¶hm± em§{V H$m A^md ~Zm ahoJm&'

àmMrZ J«§Wm| go ¶hr ~mV gm‘Zo AmVr h¡ {H$ ¶yamon Ho$ A{YH$Va Xoe, {OZHo$ Ûmam ~gmE JE Wo do AmO go hOmam| df© nyd© Am¶m©dV© go nbm¶Z {H$E Agwa-gm‘§V Wo, Omo Xodmgwa g§J«m‘ Ho$ ~mX Am¶m©dV© H$mo N>mo‹S>H$a Mbo JE&

(gm^ma… H$mXpå~Zr, {gV.19)

1. ^aV lram‘ H$mo A¶moܶm bmZo H$m à¶mg H$aZo dZ ‘| OmZo bJo Vmo g~go nhbo CZH$s ^|Q> {H$g go hþB©?

2. MH«$ì¶yh ‘| A{^‘ݶw Zo Xþ¶m}YZ Ho$ {H$g nwÌ H$m dY H$a {X¶m Wm?

3. H$moUmH©$ Ho$ à{gÕ gy¶© ‘§{Xa O¡gm hr EH$ ‘pÝXa H$aZmH$ A’«$sH$s ‘hmÛrn Ho$ EH$ ZJa b³ga ‘| ̂ r h¡& ¶h ZJa {H$g Xoe ‘| h¡?

4. ^JdmZ ‘hmdra H$s OÝ‘ñWbr d¡embr AnZo Xoe Ho$ {H$g àm§V ‘| h¡?

5. ‘hmH${d H$å~ Zo {H$g ^mfm ‘| am‘-H$Wm {bIr?

6. ñdamÁ¶-ñWmnZm Ho$ à¶ËZ H$o ewé ‘| {edmOr ‘hmamO Ho$ ‘mJ©Xe©H$ H$m¡Z Wo?

7. ñZm¶w eë¶-{M{H$Ëgm (ݶyamo gO©ar) H$m OZH$ {H$g àmMrZ ^maVr¶ {M{H$ËgH$ H$mo ‘mZm OmVm h¡?

8. ‘hmZ² H«$m § {VH$mar Am¡a {ejm go B §Or{Z¶a MånH$ a‘U {nëbB© Zo O‘©Z nZSw>ã~r H$s ghm¶Vm go AÝX‘mZ Oob go {H$Ýh| Nw>‹S>mZo H$s ¶moOZm ~ZmB© Wr?

9. ‘mbmZr (~m‹S>‘oa) Ho$ {H$g amOm H$mo ‘hmamO OZH$ Ho$ g‘mZ g§V emgH$ ‘mZm OmVm h¡?

10. {H$g Xoe H$s ‘hmamZr hmo dm§J AmoH$ na {nN>bo {XZm| ̂ maV ‘| S>mH$ {Q>{H$Q> Omar {H$¶m J¶m?

AnZo Xoe Am¡a g§ñH¥${V H$mo h‘ {H$VZm OmZVo h¢

¶hm± AnZo Xoe Ho$ Jm¡adembr B{Vhmg, g§ñH¥${V VWm naånamAm| gå~ÝYr Xg àíZ {X¶o J¶o h¢& BZH$m CËVa X| Am¡a narjm H$a| {H$ AnZo Xoe Am¡a g§ñH¥${V Ho$ ~mao ‘| Amn {H$VZm OmZVo h¢?

g§ñH¥${V àíZmoÎmar

(CÎma Bgr A§H$ ‘| h¢)

{dMma, {dH$mg d g§ñH¥${V H$mo {‘bmH$a ~ZVm h¡ ^maV- S>m°. H¥$îUJmonmbn§.XrZX`mb Cnmܶm¶ H$hVo Wo {H$ EH$ amï´> h‘mam àYmZ {dMma h¡ Am¡a

BgHo$ {bE H$m`© H$aZm h‘mam bú` h¡& am.ñd.g§K Ho$ gh gaH$m¶©dmh S>m°. H¥$îUJmonmb Zo JV 25 {gVå~a H$mo YmZŠ`m (O¶nwa) aobdo ñQ>oeZ pñWV n§{S>V XrZX`mb CnmÜ`m` amîQ´>r¶ ñ‘maH$ na Am¶mo{OV CZHo$ 103 d| OÝ‘ O`§Vr g‘mamoh Ho$ Adga na gå~mo{YV H$aVo hþE H$hr&

CÝhm|Zo H$hm {H$ AmOmXr Ho$ ~mX Xoe H$s H$‘mZ AYyar ‘mZ{gH$Vm Ho$ {dMma dmbo bmoJm| Ho$ hmWm| ‘| Am MwH$s Wr& JrVm d am‘m`U H$mo AmXe© ‘mZZo dmbo Xoe ‘| {dMma Xy{fV hmoZo bJo Wo& Eogo ‘| {dMmam| H$m g§ajU H$aZo dmbm H$moB© ^r amOZoVm Zht Wm, H$m§J«og H$m CËH$f© Ma‘ na Wm, dm‘n§W ̂ r ̂ maV ‘| n¡a ngmaZo bJm Wm& Cg g‘` n§{S>V CnmÜ`m` Zo Xoe H$m ‘mJ©Xe©Z {H$`m& Bg Adga na H$m¶©H«$‘ Ho$ ‘w»¶ A{V{W Xoe Ho$ ajm ‘§Ìr lr amOZmW qgh Zo H$hm {H$ XrZX`mb Or H$m `h ñ‘maH$ ̂ {dî` ‘| bmoJm| Ho$ {bE AmXe© Ho$ÝÐ ~ZoJm& XrZX`mb Or {g’©$ H$‘©`moJr, kmZ`moJr, ^{º$ `moJr Zht Wo, ^{º$ g‘Ýd` `wº$ kmZ`moJr Wo&

12 1 A³Vy~a 2019 (CÎma Bgr A§H$ ‘| h¢)

~mb {‘Ìm|,nmWo¶ H$U 16 {gVå~a H$o A§H$ ‘| AmnZo {díd Ho$ àW‘ g§JR>H$ ^JdmZ JUoe Or na {dñVma go Xr JB© Am‘wI H$Wm n‹T>r hmoJr& Bg ~ma H$s àíZmoÎmar Cgr na AmYm[aV h¡&

~mb-OJV

‘oam nm[al{‘H$ BVZm hr Wm Jm©MaU ~m~y H$mobH$mVm Ho$ {d»¶mV {M{H$ËgH$ Wo&

Á¶mXmVa bmoJ CÝh| ZmJ ‘hme¶ Ho$ Zm‘ go OmZVo Wo& CÝhm|Zo am‘H¥$îU na‘h§g H$s {ejm "AnZr ‘ohZV H$m hr ImAmo' H$mo AnZo AmMaU ‘| ¶WmdV CVma aIm Wm& AnZo$ Bgr ì¶dhma go do bmoJm| ‘| A˶{YH$ bmoH${චhmo J¶o Wo&

ZmJ ‘hme¶ Ho$ {nVm H$mobH$mVm Ho$ EH$ ~‹S>o à{VîR>mZ ‘| H$m‘ H$aVo Wo& EH$ ~ma à{VîR>mZ Ho$ ‘m{bH$ Zo CZHo$ {nVm H$mo ~wbmH$a H$hm-"‘oao EH$ [aíVoXma J§ämra ê$n go ~r‘ma hmo JE h¢& H$m’$s BbmO H$amZo Ho$ ~mX ^r CZH$m ñdmñ϶ R>rH$ Zht hmo ahm h¡& ³¶m AmnH$m nwÌ CZH$m BbmO H$a gH$Vm h¡?'

CÝhm|Zo VËH$mb hm± H$hm Am¡a Xÿgao {XZ ‘arO H$mo AnZo nwÌ Ho$ nmg bo JE& amoJr H$s hmbV J§^ra Wr, qH$Vw ZmJ ‘hme¶ Ho$ Hw$eb Ed§ b§~o Mbo CnMma go do nyU©V¶m ñdñW hmo JE&

CnMma go àgÞ hmoH$a à{VîR>mZ Ho$ ‘m{bH$ ZmJ ‘hme¶ Ho$

Ka nhþ±Mo Am¡a én¶m| go ̂ ar W¡br CÝh| XoZr Mmhr, qH$Vw ZmJ ‘hme¶ Zo Cg‘| go ‘mÌ ~rg énE hr AnZo nmg aIo Am¡a W¡br dmng H$aVo hþE H$hm- "‘oar ‘ohZV H$m BVZm hr à{V’$b ~ZVm h¡&'

~am‘Xo ‘| ~¡R>o {nVm ¶h g~ XoI aho Wo& CZHo$ OmZo Ho$ ~mX nwÌ Ho$ ì¶dhma go jwãY hmoH$a {nVm ~mobo- "Bg Vah go Vmo Vw‘ H$^r àJ{V Zht H$a nmAmoJo& O~ do àgÞ hmoH$a Vwåh| énE Xo aho Wo, Vmo Vw‘Zo dmng ³¶m| H$a {XE?' {nVm H$s ~mV gwZZo Ho$ ~mX ZmJ ‘hme¶ Zo H$hm-"‘oam nm[al{‘H$ BVZm hr Wm& BgHo$ Abmdm ‘oao Jwé Am¡a AmnZo ̂ r Vmo ‘wPo g˶ d Y‘© H$o ‘mJ© na MbZo H$s {ejm Xr h¡& ‘¢ Y‘©{déÕ H¡$go OmVm?' nwÌ H$m {ddoH$nyU© CÎma gwZH$a {nVm H$m H«$moY em§V hmo J¶m&

{‘Ìm|, {~Zm ‘ohZV Ho$ àmá YZ go YZdmZ Vmo ~Zm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ÝVw ‘mZ{gH$ em§{V àmá Zht H$s Om gH$Vr& ‘Z H$s em§{V Vmo B©‘mZXmar go A{O©V YZ go hr {‘bVr h¡&

~mb {‘Ìm |! ¶hm ± EH$ ‘hmnwéf H$m {MÌ VWm CZHo$ OrdZ Ho$ ~mao ‘| Hw$N> g§Ho$V {X¶o Om ah o h ¢& g§H o $V Ho $ AmYma na {MÌ H$s nhMmZ H$amo Am¡a AnZo kmZ H$s narjm H$amo&

nhMmZmo Vmo ¶o ‘hmnwéf H$m¡Z h¢

BZH$m OÝ‘ ‘ܶàXoe Ho$ {~hþ ZJa ‘| hþAm Wm&

¶o ñdV§Ì ^maV Ho$ àW‘ {d{Y Ed§ ݶm¶‘§Ìr ~Zo&

¶o ^maV H$s g§{dYmZ g^m Ho$ ^r Aܶj Wo&

(CÎma

Bgr

A§H$ ‘

| h¢)

1. {díd H$m àW‘ g§JR>H$ {H$Ýh| ‘mZm J¶m h¡? (H$) hZw‘mZ (I) {dîUw (J) JUoe (K) ~«÷m

2. ^yV gm‘«mÁ¶ H$mo ep³Vembr ~Zm H$a g§JR>Z-gyÌ ‘| ~m§YZo dmbo H$m¡Z Wo? (H$) {ed (I) JUoe (J) H$m{V©Ho$¶ (K) BÝÐ

3. JU-aMZm H$aZo Ho$ H$maU ^JdmZ JUoe H$m Zm‘ ³¶m n‹S>m? (H$) JUZm¶H$ (I) JOmZZ (J) {dZm¶H$ (K) bå~moXa

4. O¶nwa pñWV ‘moVr Sy>§Jar JUoe Or H$s à{V‘m JwOamV Ho$ {H$g ñWmZ go bmB© JB©? (H$) S>^moB©> (I) nmdbr (J) OoVnwa (K) ‘mdbr

5. Xoe Ho$ g~go à{gÕ JUoe ‘§{Xam| ‘| EH$ "{g{Õ{dZm¶H$ ‘§{Xa' {H$g ZJa ‘| pñWV h¡? (H$) ‘wå~B© (I) {Xëbr (J) nwUo (K) Ah‘Xm~mX

6. BÝXmoZo{e¶m Ho$ ~rg hOma Ho$ ZmoQ> na {H$g XodVm H$m {MÌ ~Zm hþAm h¡? (H$) H$m{V©Ho$¶ (I) JUoe (J) Jé‹S> (K) lram‘

7. à{gÕ {ÌZoÌ JUoe ‘§{Xa amOñWmZ Ho$ {H$g ñWmZ na pñWV h¡? (H$) gdmB©‘mYmonwa (I) Q>m|H$ (J) O¶nwa (K) CX¶nwa

8. EH$ ‘mݶVm Ho$ AZwgma Cƒr {nëb¡¶ma ‘§{Xa H$s ñWmnZm {d^rfU Zo H$s Wr? ¶h ‘§{Xa {H$g amÁ¶ ‘| h¡? (H$) V{‘bZmSw (I) ‘hmamîQ´> (J) AmÝY« àXoe (K) H$Zm©Q>H$

9. g‘mO OmJaU Ho$ {bE bmoH$‘mݶ {VbH$ Ûmam àmaå^ {H$¶m J¶m CËgd {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Z gm h¡? (H$) Z§XmoËgd (I) JUoemoËgd (J) hm§S>r CËgd (K) am‘brbm

10. X{jU A‘o[aH$m Ho$ {H$g ñWmZ na ̂ JdmZ JUoe H$s nm±M hOma df© nwamZr ‘y{V© {‘br h¡? (H$) ~«mOrb (I) noê$ (J) H$mobpå~¶m (K) {Mbr

~mb

àíZmoÎ

marXþ

131 A³Vy~a 2019

XmoZm| {‘b ’$m±gr M‹T>o haOrdZ Vmbm~ ao Z² 1857 H$s H«$m§{V A§J«oOr gËVm Ho$ {bE EH$ ~hþV ~‹S>r

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14 1 A³Vy~a 2019

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lr ^¡¶mOr XmUr 9 A³Vy~a

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7 A³Vy~a

(1877-1928)

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151 A³Vy~a 2019

AmXe© J«m‘ ~ZZo H$s Amoa Ho$ednwam

OÝ‘ {Xdg na eV-eV Z‘Z

(1931-2015)

໶mV ^maVr¶ d¡km{ZH$Ed§ Xoe Ho$ nyd© amîQ´>n{V

S>m.E.nr.Oo.AãXþb H$bm‘15 A³Vy~a

(1884-1939)

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bmbm haX¶mb14 A³Vy~a

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19 A³Vy~a

(1534-1581)

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Jwé am‘Xmg9 A³Vy~a

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H$m{V©H$ ewŠb Zd‘r VXZwgma 6 Zd§~a 1981 H$mo Ho$ednwam J«m‘ H$s Zr§d aIr JB©& ‘mÌ 5 ‘mh ‘| g{‘{V Ûmam 64 n¸o$ ‘H$mZ ‘` em¡Mmb`-ñZmZmJma, gm‘wXm{`H$ H|$Ð, {edmb` Ed§ ‘rR>o nmZr H$m Hw$Am§ V¡`ma {H$`m J¶m& M¡Ì ewŠb Zd‘r VXZwgma 2 Aà¡b 1982 Ho$ {XZ Ho$ednwam J«m‘ H$m bmoH$mn©U g§K Ho$ V¥Vr` gag§KMmbH$ ñdJu` ~mbm gmh~ Xodag Zo {H$¶m& BgHo$ R>rH$ 36 gmb ~mX (5 AŠVy~a 2018) Ho$ednwam AmXe© J«m‘ H$m Zm‘ ̂ y amOñd [aH$m°S>© ‘| XO© H$aZo Ho$ amO.gaH$ma Zo AmXoe {X¶o&

JV 12 {gVå~a H$mo nmWo¶ H$U Zo g§K Ho$ à¶mgm| go {Z{‘©V Ho$ednwam J«m‘ Ho$ ̂ «‘U H$m H$m¶©H«$‘ aIm& nmWo¶ H$U Ho$ g^r H$m¶©H$Vm©, ‘mV¥ep³V Ed§ d[aîR> àMmaH$m| Ho$ dhm± nhþ±MZo na J«m‘dm{g¶m| Zo {VbH$ bJmH$a ñdmJV {H$¶m& BgHo$ níMmV g^r bmoJm| Zo nyao Jm±d H$m ^«‘U {H$¶m VWm J«m‘dm{g¶m| Ûmam Am¶mo{OV gh^moO ‘| em{‘b hmoH$a Ho$ednwam Ho$ Am{V϶ H$mo ñdrH$ma {H$¶m&

Ho$ednwam ‘| g§Mm{bV J{V{d{Y¶m± - Ho$ednwam AmXe© J«m‘

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16 1 A³Vy~a 2019

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CÎma … ~mb àíZmoÎmar- 1.(J) 2.(I$) 3.(H$) 4.(H$) 5.(H$) 6.(I) 7.(H$) 8.(H$) 9.(I) 10.(H$) CÎma ‘hmnwéf nhMmZmo … S>m°.^r‘amd Aå~oS>H$a

171 A³Vy~a 2019

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18 1 A³Vy~a 2019