网络环境下城市社区图书馆的发展
The Development of Urban Community Library under the Network Environment
北京大学信息管理系(Department of Information Management,
Peking University )
曹海霞 博士研究生(Cao Haixia. Ph.D Candidate)
E-mail:[email protected]
内容概要（ Outline) 1 社区图书馆网络化体系开展的必要性 (the necessity of carrying out a community library
network system) 2 国内外社区图书馆网络化体系发展概况 (the status of community library network system in
domestic and abroad) 3 社区图书馆网络化体系建设举措 (the construction measures of community library
network system ) 4 结语 (the ending)
引言 (Introduction) With the national culture information service sharing system in general and
in-depth, and under the modern information network technology development environment, traditional community libraries are gradually changing into the network management ones. And they will gradually form a community service system to share information and cultural.
The direction of the community library under the network environment should take full advantage of advanced computer and network technology. They will make the libraries in the city districts, in the streets, in the communities to combine into a multi-level network system. So that the residents nearby can read books easily and access to information which belong to a big and medium-sized library to achieve the convenient services and resource sharing goals.
1 社区图书馆网络体系 开展的必要性 (Necessity)
Community library as the primary cultural center features a single loan can not meet the needs of people to acquire knowledge and information. So in addition to its general lending capabilities, the community library should play more roles as providing information and carrying out communication, social cultural education and function of entertainment. Improving the level of community library network will inject new vitality to community library.
Speeding up the pace of resource sharing and integration of the existing and under construction community libraries, and taking advantage of the modern network devices to share information resources have become the common goal of building community libraries. Relying on networks, readers can retrieval collections from other large public libraries, can borrow the books and documents from a large public library, can also access to a large number of rich digital resources of other libraries. This would avoid wasting of duplication of resources, but also to achieve the sharing use of information resources goals.
2 国内外社区图书馆网络体系 发展概况 (Development Status)
In 21st century, the global information and network speed up the pace and accelerate the development of the Library. As grass-roots community libraries, regional networks have also made a great development. Now we will introduce the following domestic and international communities with typical library network construction success stories.
2.1 American Community Library American community library has the high degree of information
management, and the Internet penetration is above 90%. Between the community libraries people use network to carry out office affairs.Basically, each community has its own library network system. And they have connection with the urban public libraries, university libraries, government libraries and professional library and realize digital document resource sharing goal and information services. In addition, American community libraries are also the distribution center of community information. Community library has a lot of information to reflect community life, facilities and events, dynamic resource.
2.2 Canadian Community Library Canadian Government input into a lot to the community library
and especially takes care of the vulnerable groups. The Government is committed to ensuring that all Canadians can enjoy the community library services, electronic information resources, including ensuring some inherent obstacles access to vulnerable groups such as physical, visual or hearing impaired people on the Internet and makes sure them accessing to community information and all aspects of library services.
2.3 Shanghai Community Library As for China, Community Library with advanced network is
under developing, the best example is the Community Library of Shanghai city. As early as in the “Ninth Five-Year Plan” period, Shanghai has built the four-Level public library network system in China. The four-level public library network system includes city community library, county community library, town community library and village community library. After years of efforts, the total number of Shanghai community (town) grass-roots library is more than 3,200. In 1998, Shanghai city government began to accomplish at all levels of public library computer network management, so that the community library information network construction has reached a new level.
At present, in Shanghai, 143 districts (counties), street (township) libraries joined the Shanghai Municipal Public Library “One Card” system. And this is much easier for people nearby to borrow the city’s books or other materials. Only in 2007, the total books circulation number of Shanghai main Library and community libraries’ reached 1,300 million volumes, serving a population of 340 thousand people. Community Library fully played the role to serve the readers. In recent years, the Shanghai Cultural Information Integrated Services project relying on the community libraries, combining with the National Cultural Information Resources Sharing Project has set up 1,050 branch community libraries. This makes grass-roots community library network has achieved remarkable results.
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2.4 Beijing Community Library Beijing’s community library network system is mainly based on
“Beijing Public Library Information Sharing Network”. This network considers the Capital of Beijing library as the center library (with the function of Data Processing), as district library for the branch libraries, as the street (town) library and the community (village) Library for the long-distance sub-branches. And they are forming a four-level Library joint service network for the remote users. The city’s public libraries at all levels can have on a joint document information retrieval, interlibrary loan, resource sharing and the “One Card” book service. Now they have been covering 22 districts’ (counties) Library, 159 street (township) libraries and some community (village) Libraries.
Beijing Public Library Information Sharing Network
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2.5 Guangdong Community Library public libraries in Guangdong Province have been ranking in the
first rate in the nation. In 2003, Shenzhen municipal government launched “Library City” construction program ， and then promulgated “Shenzhen Library City construction (2003-2005) plan”. This plan put community libraries into Public Library Spectrum. Local government formulated Shenzhen City Community Library standards corresponding in compliance assessment next year. Now the whole Shenzhen city has more than 500 public libraries. Among which there are nearly 400 community libraries. Particularly since 2006 ， Shenzhen Library put more than 200 automated circulation system of books devoting to community Successively. These automated circulation system made up for community library literature resources and provide more conveniences for the reading of community residents.
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2.5 Guangdong Community Library
Particularly since 2006 ， Shenzhen Library put more than 200 automated circulation system of books devoting to community Successively. These automated circulation system made up for community library literature resources and provide more conveniences for the reading of community residents.
Currently ， Shenzhen City is based on all kinds of community libraries and high-tech network ， joint the Library and Information System. They established the network which is covering the whole city, servicing information resources for all the people. All the things include Sharing Network ， Interconnected network of Library communication and exchange 、 Resource sharing are targeting to provide functional and convenient and efficient service for the residents.
Automated Books Circulation System
3 社区图书馆网络化体系 建设举措 (Construction Measures) 3.1 Make full use of modern information
technology, and establish library network system
Modern information technology at home and abroad are widely used in libraries, such as borrowing books, acquiring online electronic resources, enjoying library services and using electronic facilities. So community libraries should provide hi-tech and convenient service for users via the network channel.
Network information resource sharing and the “one-card” type service became the important trends which the library can use modern technology to achieve them. In the process of community library information network construction, the role of large public libraries should be more prominent. To establish a community library network in the city will make the community library information services reach a higher level, and also it will meet the users’ demand for knowledge and culture needs.
To achieve of community library information network there are three main factors: ①networks. Resources. software.② ③
（见：陈建新 . 城市社区图书馆的信息化网络化建设 [J]. 图书馆工作与研究 .2003(4 ）： 64-65 ）
3.2 Integrate community’s features information resources, and attract more local
residents Community Library Information Resources should be universal. On this basis,
Community Library should have a special feature collection so that attracting more community residents to read and to meet their diverse information needs. For example, Beijing city has several local districts. And the District government manages their local community Library. However, library’s business has been unified by the management of Capital Library. Each community library showed information resources with its own perfect characteristics ， and at the same time realized the goal of “I have them when others don’t; I have better ones when others have them”. So the whole community libraries can form a complementary resources construction with their own features. Simultaneously ， the residents greatly use the library’s advanced facilities ， and also changed past situation for small community library has fewer resources and people are not easy to access to the more bigger community information services. This overcame the problem on duplication of community library resources and slowed the conflict between rich demand and limited resources.
3.3 Attach importance to universal service for all the community residents, and
establish a broad service system Community Library is the community cultural and information
center for all the residents. Therefore, we should implement the principle of serving all the community population ， embodying the concept of universal, equality, convenient services for residents.
The basic features of the community library are open to the public, to the community, to meet community members’ reading and information exchange needs. Especially Community Library should reflect the spirit of “convenient reading” and “conservative resource”. At the same time ， Community Library should basis on the local economic and cultural development ， as well as spiritual and cultural needs of the elderly and children ， providing convenient online services ， giving guidance for the elderly and children, show them how to use the network resources. In all, the aim is to build a harmonious peace and spiritual prosperity of the community.
3.4 Play a variety of integrated features community libraries, and enhance the community and
cultural information center Community Library’s orientation is not only as an
information resource center, but also as a cultural and entertainment center. That is to say community library is not only an information center, and it should be a participatory platform for residents to participate in community life. In addition, by organizing various seminars, training, and activities, community libraries can also facilitate communication between the residents, so that the exchange of community libraries as community centers. Frequent exchanges between residents, the neighborhood feeling better and therefore increase the factors of social harmony.
4 结语 (the Ending) With the network technology widely used in the library,
our community library information network construction has entered a new stage. Governments at all levels pay attention to and the increase the level for the Library's support ， and National Cultural Information Resources Sharing Project is deepening ， and Public cultural service system has improved steadily. We have reason to believe that the community library information network management and service capabilities will be further improved. This will effectively promote the development of the community library science and sustainable development.
参考文献（ References ）：
[1] 宋玲 . 大型公共图书馆与社区图书馆的合作 [J]. 图书馆杂志 .2006（ 4 ）： 33-34 ， 65[2] 2009 年美国互联网网民普及率接近 70%.http://www.news365.com.cn/gdxww/3346043.htm[3] 石烈娟 . 美国社区图书馆服务及其启示 [J]. 图书馆 .2009 （ 2 ）： 70-72[4] 加拿大电子政务发展规划与电子政务发展解析 . 中国电子商务研究中心http://b2b.toocle.com/detail--4989757.html[5] 陈庆嫦 . 粤港澳社区图书馆之比较 [J]. 图书馆学研究 .2008 （ 8 ）： 6-8[6] 陈建新 . 城市社区图书馆的信息化网络化建设 [J]. 图书馆工作与研究 .2003(4 ）： 64-65[7] 程亚男 . 论社区图书馆的建构与发展 [J]. 图书馆杂志 .2002 （ 1 ）：54-57[8] 刘兹恒 , 薛旻 . 论社区图书馆的功能、模式及管理机制 [J]. 中国图书馆学报 .2002 （ 5 ）： 32-35
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