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A Family of PlanetsChapter 21

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CRCT Preparation


1. Which of the following geologic processes makes scientists think that liquid water may have once existed on Mars?

A deposition of sediment

B cratering

C mountain building

D volcanism

Chapter 21 CRCT Preparation



1. Which of the following geologic processes makes scientists think that liquid water may have once existed on Mars?

A deposition of sediment

B cratering

C mountain building

D volcanism


2. Which of the following is a characteristic of comets?

A Comets are composed of rocky material, iron, and nickel.

B Comets follow a circular orbit around the sun.

C Comets give off gas and dust when heated by the sun.

D Comets are rich in iron.




2. Which of the following is a characteristic of comets?

A Comets are composed of rocky material, iron, and nickel.

B Comets follow a circular orbit around the sun.

C Comets give off gas and dust when heated by the sun.

D Comets are rich in iron.


3. Scientists observe a planet in a distant galaxy. This planet appears to have similar features to Earth. Which feature would the scientists be most interested in, if they were looking for life on this planet?

A thick atmosphere

B liquid water

C active volcanoes

D long day length




3. Scientists observe a planet in a distant galaxy. This planet appears to have similar features to Earth. Which feature would the scientists be most interested in, if they were looking for life on this planet?

A thick atmosphere

B liquid water

C active volcanoes

D long day length


4. According the data in the table, which outer planet takes 30,660 Earth days to complete one orbit around the sun?

A Jupiter C Uranus

B Saturn D Neptune




4. According the data in the table, which outer planet takes 30,660 Earth days to complete one orbit around the sun?

A Jupiter C Uranus

B Saturn D Neptune



5. Based on the table, which of the following is a valid conclusion?

A In general, each outer planet is about twice as far from the sun as the next closest planet.

B Each period of revolution is unrelated to the average distance of each planet from the sun.

C Among the outer planets, planets with the largest volume are found farthest from the sun.

D Day length for each planet increases with an increase in the planet’s diameter.



5. Based on the table, which of the following is a valid conclusion?

A In general, each outer planet is about twice as far from the sun as the next closest planet.

B Each period of revolution is unrelated to the average distance of each planet from the sun.

C Among the outer planets, planets with the largest volume are found farthest from the sun.

D Day length for each planet increases with an increase in the planet’s diameter.


6. Which one of the following objects in our solar system would travel the greatest distance during one revolution around the sun?

A a terrestrial planet

B an asteroid

C a gas giant

D a comet




6. Which one of the following objects in our solar system would travel the greatest distance during one revolution around the sun?

A a terrestrial planet

B an asteroid

C a gas giant

D a comet


7. The distance from Earth to the sun is 1 astronomical unit (AU), or 8.3 light-minutes. If Saturn is located about 9.4 AU away from the sun, how many light-hours from the sun is it?

A 0.3 light-hours

B 1.3 light-hours

C 17.7 light-hours

D 78.0 light-hours




7. The distance from Earth to the sun is 1 astronomical unit (AU), or 8.3 light-minutes. If Saturn is located about 9.4 AU away from the sun, how many light-hours from the sun is it?

A 0.3 light-hours

B 1.3 light-hours

C 17.7 light-hours

D 78.0 light-hours


8. The diagram shows different positions of the moon relative to Earth and the sun. In which phase will an observer on Earth see a crescent moon?

A phase A C phase C

B phase B D phase D




8. The diagram shows different positions of the moon relative to Earth and the sun. In which phase will an observer on Earth see a crescent moon?

A phase A C phase C

B phase B D phase D


9. Which of the following is a wide region of small, rocky bodies that is located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter?

A the Kuiper belt

B the Oort cloud

C the asteroid belt

D the rings of Saturn




9. Which of the following is a wide region of small, rocky bodies that is located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter?

A the Kuiper belt

B the Oort cloud

C the asteroid belt

D the rings of Saturn


10. Which of the following motions of Earth and the moon occurs in the longest period of time?

A Earth orbits the sun once.

B The moon orbits Earth twice.

C Earth rotates on its axis five times.

D Twelve full moons are seen from Earth.




10. Which of the following motions of Earth and the moon occurs in the longest period of time?

A Earth orbits the sun once.

B The moon orbits Earth twice.

C Earth rotates on its axis five times.

D Twelve full moons are seen from Earth.


11. The full moon occurs on Wednesday, January 3rd. On what day could a lunar eclipse occur during January?

A Wednesday the 3rd

B Thursday the 11th

C Thursday the 18th

D Thursday the 25th




11. The full moon occurs on Wednesday, January 3rd. On what day could a lunar eclipse occur during January?

A Wednesday the 3rd

B Thursday the 11th

C Thursday the 18th

D Thursday the 25th


12. In 2006, Pluto was reclassified as a dwarf planet. What are the characteristics of Pluto that make it similar to and different from the planets in our solar system?




12. Answer - Full-credit answers should include the following points:

• Pluto is similar to the planets because: it orbits the sun and has a satellite; it is rocky, like the terrestrial planets, and it has a thin atmosphere; and it is round because of its own gravity.• Pluto is different because: it is much smaller than the planets; its satellite is more than half the size of Pluto, while satellites around planets in our solar system are much smaller than their planets; it is made of rock and ice, like a comet; and it has not cleared its orbit of debris.


13. Carrie explained to her little brother that a solar eclipse happens when the full moon blocks the sun. Was she correct? Explain your answer.




13. Answer - Full-credit answers should include the following points:

• Carrie was correct when she implied that a solar eclipse happens when the moon is directly between Earth and the sun.• However, because of its relative position in the sky when the moon is between Earth and the sun, the moon would look dark when seen from Earth.• Therefore, she was incorrect when she said a full moon blocks the sun. The moon is in the new moon phase during a solar eclipse.