Zubek Radoslaw Presentation

8/10/2019 Zubek Radoslaw Presentation

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Federalism and regionalism

in Europe

Dr Radoslaw Zubek

Hertford [email protected]

www.hertford.ox.ac.uk/zubek



Political institutions: 2-D

• Executive-parties (partisan actors)

– electoral system

– cleavage structure

• Super-majoritarianism (institutional actors)

– federalism vs. unitarism

– judicial review

–

direct democracy – bicameralism



Source: McGann 2006

Empirical examples



Lecture Outline

• Variation in regional authority

– Across space and time

• Explanations for variation

• Consequences

– impact on party positions and organizations

– Impact on coalitions



Measuring regional authority

• Self-rule: authority of a regional government over

those living in the region

– Institutional depth, policy scope, fiscal autonomy,

representation

• Shared rule: authority a regional government co-

exercises in the country as a whole

– Law-making, executive control, fiscal control,

constitutional reform

Source: Marks, Hooghe, Schakel 2008a



Variation in Regional Authority

Source: RAI index



State traditions

• Unitary states (France)

– Jacobin conception of unitary and indivisible state

• Federal states (Germany)

– Limited central authority in Holy German Empire

• Union states (UK)

– States formed through acts of union

Source: Loughlin, Kincaid, Swenden 2013; Dyson 1980



Population and identity

Source: Marks, Hooghe, Schakel 2008b, p. 175



Reforms of Regional Authority

Source: Marks, Hooghe, Schakel 2008b, p. 170



RAI Over Time (WE)

Source: RAI index



RAI Over Time (CEE)

Source: RAI index



The rise of regionalism (I)

• Post-war years in Europe (1945-1975)

– centralization and bureaucratization of public policy

programmes

– local authorities deliver welfare services on behalf ofcentral governments

• Rise of neo-liberalism

– A shift from ’principal-agent’ model to a model based on

choice especially in the US

– Similar – but less strong – shifts in Europe towards

decentralization and devolution of tasks

Source: Loughlin, Hendriks, Lidström 2010



The rise of regionalism (EU)

• EU regional policy

– Partnership principle (1998) – regional policy made not

only for the regions but WITH the regions.

• Patterns of subnational presence in Europe – Regional ministers in Council, Committee of Regions,

partnership in structural funds, etc.

– Regional offices in Brussels, Assembly of the Regions (AER),

Council of European Municipalities and Regions (CEMR),

• EU as a multi-level governance system

Source: Hooghe & Keating 1994; Thielemann 2002; Bache & Jones 2000



The rise of regionalism (CEE)

• EU accession and conditionality

• Weak formal conditionality

– ‘Thin’ acquis in chapter 21,

– Limited institutional templates

• Stronger ‘informal’ conditionality

– Commission wanted to mirror its relations with subnational actors in

old member states,

– Commission pushed for decentralization in CEE,

– Signalling approval in progress reports, channelling Phare funds,

personal interactions etc.

Source: Hughes, Sasse, Gordon 2004



Party positions on regionalism

• How do parties react to the rise of regionalism?

• A study by Hepburn and Detterbeck

– A shift of left-wing parties in Europe to becoming

supporters of decentralizing policies especially incentralized states (France, Italy, UK)

– Less radical repositioning of right-wing parties in such

states

– Moderate party repositioning of parties in federal states(Austria, Germany)

Source: Hepburn and Detterbeck 2013



Party positions (1970s)

Source: Hepburn and Detterbeck 2013, p. 79



Party positions (2000s)

Source: Hepburn and Detterbeck 2013, p. 80





Key Sources

• Bache, I. and R. Jones (2000) ‘Has EU Regional Policy Empowered the Regions? A

Study of Spain and the UK‘. Regional and Federal Studies 10:1-20.

• Dyson, K. (1980) State tradition in Western Europe. Oxford: Martin Robertson.

• Hepburn, E. and Detterbeck, K. (2013) 'Federalism, Regionalism and the Dynamics of

Party Politics‘ in Loughlin, J., Kincaid, J., Swenden, W. (2013) Routledge Handbook of

Regionalism & Federalism. Routledge.• Hooghe, L. and M. Keating (1994) ‘The Politics of European Union Regional Policy’,

Journal of European Public Policy 1(3): 367 –93.

• Hopkin, J. and P. van Houten (2009) Decentralization and State-Wide Parties. Special

Issue of Party Politics 15(2).

•

Hughes, J., Sasse, G., Gordon, C. (2004) Europeanization and regionalization in theEU's enlargement to Central and Eastern Europe: the myth of conditionality. Palgrave.

• Loughlin, J. , Hendriks, F., and A. Lidström (2010). The Oxford Handbook of Local and

Regional Democracy in Europe. OUP.



Key Sources

• Loughlin, J., Kincaid, J., Swenden, W. (2013) Routledge Handbook of Regionalism &Federalism. Routledge.

• Marks, G.,Hooghe, L., Schakel, A.H. (2008a) ‘Measuring Regional Authority’. Regional

and Federal Studies 18(2-3): 111-121.

• Marks, G.,Hooghe, L., Schakel, A.H. (2008b) ‘Patterns of Regional Authority’. Regional

and Federal Studies 18(2-3): 167-181.• McGann, A.J. (2006) ‘Social Choice and Comparing Legislatures: Constitutional versus

Institutional Constraints’. Journal of Legislative Studies, 12(3 –4): 443 –461.

• Stefuriuc, I. (2009) ‘Government Formation in Multi-Level Settings Spanish Regional

Coalitions and the Quest for Vertical Congruence’, Party Politics, 15(1): 93-115.

• Stefuriuc, I. (2013) Government formation in Multi-Level Settings: Party Strategy and

Institutional Constraints. Palgrave.

• Thielemann, E. (2002) ‘The Price of Europeanisation: Why European Regional Policy

Initiatives are a Mixed Blessing’, Regional and Federal Studies 12(1): 43-65.

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Zubek Radoslaw Presentation