Zreli Srednji Vek, Potraga Za Sintezom

7/28/2019 Zreli Srednji Vek, Potraga Za Sintezom

1/24

High Middle Ages: The Search for Synthesis


2/24

Outline Chapter 10: High Middle Ages: The Search For Synthesis

The Significance of Paris

The Gothic Style

Suger's Building Program for Saint Denis

The Mysticism of Light

The Many Meanings of the Gothic Cathedral

Music: The School of Notre Dame

ScholastismThe Rise of the Universities

Francis of Assisi

Thomas Aquinas

Dante's Divine Comedy

Outline Chapter 10


3/24

Timeline Chapter 10: High Middle Ages: The Search For Synthesis

1121 Abelard, Sic et Non; birth of Scholasticism

1140 Abbot Suger begins rebuilding Abbey Church of Saint Denis;

Gothic style evolves: use of pointed arch, flying buttress,

and window tracery

c. 1163 Oxford University founded

1194 Chartres Cathedral destroyed by fire; rebuilding begins 1195

(ends 1260)

c. 1209 Cambridge University founded1215 Magna Carta, limiting powers of king, signed in England

1220-1269 Cathedral of Amiens

c. 1220 Growth begins of mendicant friars;

Franciscans, Dominicans

c. 1224-1226 Saint Francis of Assisi, "Canticle of Brother Sun"c. 1267-1273 Aquinas, Summa Theologica

1301-1321 Dante, Divine Comedy

Timeline Chapter 10


4/24

The High Middle Ages saw the growth of a number of institutions that

stood in sharp contrast to those of the Carolingian period. Foremost

was the rise of the city. Urbanization brought with it a lessening of theimportance of monastic life as a cultural center and the emergence of

the influence of the bishop and the cathedral school. The increased

need for a "knowledge class" triggered an expansion in education that

would eventually lead to the university of scholars. Urbanization also

warred against the old feudal values; it fostered trade and commerce;

it made possible the growth of what today we would call a

"middle class" who stood on the social ladder between the rural

peasant/city worker and the landed royalty or hereditary aristocracy.

Urbanization and the Rise of the Middle Class


5/24

The twelfth and thirteenth centuries were times of intense intellectual

ferment and advance. New sources of knowledge came through

Arabic sources either as original contributions(e.g., in medicine and science) or in the form of lost works of the

classical past (e.g., the writings of Aristotle) to fuel the work of scholars.

Advances in technology as "spinoffs" from the ambitious plans of

both Romanesque and Gothic architects had their impact.

The increase of a money economy aided the growth of artistic andmusical culture.

Intellectual Ferment and Advance


6/24

One conspicuous characteristic of medieval culture was its belief

that everything knowable could be expressed in a manageable andrational whole. Whether it appeared in stone (Chartres) or technical

prose (Thomas Aquinas) or in poetry (Dante), the medieval mind saw

hierarchy, order, intelligibility, and, above all, God in all of observable

creation. This hierarchy expressed itself in its emphasis on advancing

steps of understanding. The sculptural program of Chartres, for

example, is a revelation of the Old Testament figures who point us to

their proper fulfillment in the New. In the theology of Aquinas we move

from the plane of natural reason to a fuller truth taught by revelation.

In Dante we progress from an awareness of our sinful nature to an

intuition into the nature of God. In all of these cases the emphasis is

on harmony and gradation and a final purpose of all knowledge,which is to become aware of God. In that sense, at least, much of

medieval culture could be said to be oriented in an otherworldly manner.

Rationality in the Service of God


7/24

GOTHIC CATHEDRALS AND

ABBOT SUGER- (SOO JAY) Massive front hall (narthex) or vestibule in between have

and west entrance of cathedral

Rose window perfect shapes of Christian works incircles or squares

Royal portals entrances arches of the faade (front) Twin towers historical lineage from French kings;

provides balanced frame for Rose windows

Ribbed vault

Large glass windows Flying buttresses supporting armatures to transmit the

thrust of the vault or roof to an outer support

Strong Vertical Themes


8/24

Portrait of Suger from St. Denis

Portrait of Suger, Abbot of Saint-Denis Infancy Window,

Annunciation Panel, c 1140


9/24

Diagram of Nave

St. Denis


10/24

St Denis, Interior

View of the choir and north transept at St. Denis.


11/24

St Denis, Interior


12/24

St Denis, Exterior


13/24

Gothic Cathedral Construction

This diagram shows the main sections of a Gothic cathedral.


14/24


15/24

Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France, 1194 to 1260.


16/24

Chartres Cathedral, exter ior, main facade


17/24

Chartres Cathedral, exter ior, side with facade


18/24

Chartres Cathedral, inter ior, clerestory , stained glass


19/24

Chartres Cathedral, beasts of the Apocalypselion, ox


20/24

Chartres Cathedral, stained-glass window, early 13th

century.


21/24

Amiens Cathedral,


22/24

Saint Francis of Assisi

Berlinghieri, St. Francis Alt arpiece(c. 1235)

Tempera on wood, Church of San Francesco, Pescia.


23/24

St. Thomas Aquinas

Triumph of St. Thomas Aquinas and the Allegory of the Sciences -- Sacred and Secular

Left Wall, Spanish Chapel, Santa Maria Novella, Florence, Italy

Fresco painted by Andrea di Bonaiuta


24/24

Dantes Divine Comedy

Hell - a terrifying representation of Hell that certainly inspired Dante when he

wrote his Divine Comedy. Florence Cathedral, mosaic

Documents

Zreli Srednji Vek, Potraga Za Sintezom