Zoonoses

Protecting yourself and your family from animal diseases

and infections

What are zoonoses?

Diseases that are transmitted from animals to humans

What kind of animals transmit zoonoses?

Farm Animals

Cattle Swine Goats Cats & dogs Poultry

Wild Animals

Ticks Squirrels Raccoons Mice/rodents others

Farmers more susceptible to contracting zoonoses

1. More likely to share air and space with animals

2. More contact with domestic and wild animals

How are disease transmitted?

Every day contact with animals Transporting carcasses By-products (feces/urine) Scratches or bites From milk and milking Contaminated soils Contaminated meats

Common Zoonoses

Campylobacter

Common CarriersCattle

Sheep

Pigs

Dogs

Rodents

Poultry

Campylobacter

Transmission

Contaminated food or animals

Clinical presentation

Stomach ache Nausea Headache Diarrhea

Cat-Scratch Disease

Common carriers

Cats

Dogs

Cat-Scratch Disease

Transmission

Scratches and puncture wounds from infected animals

Clinical presentation

Fever Skin papule Swollen lymph nodes

Salmoneliosis

Common carriers

Cattle

Cats

Dogs

Horses

Poultry

Salmonelliosis

TransmissionDirect contact with

animal or feces

Contaminated food

Clinical Presentation Chills Fever Headache Diarrhea Vomiting

Encephalitis

Common carriers

Horses

Rodents

Encephalitis

Transmission

Mosquito bites Tick bites

Clinical presentation

Lethargy Fever Headache Disorientation

Rabies

Common Carriers

CatsDogs

RaccoonsSkunks

BatsFoxes

Rabies

Transmission

Animal Bite

Contact with infected tissue, fluids or feces

Clinical presentation Fever Headache Agitation Confusion Seizures Excessive salivation

Psittacosis

Common Carriers

Pigeons

Parrots

Turkeys

Parakeets

Psittacosis

Transmission

Inhalation from infected birds

Carcasses Secretions Contaminated facilities

Clinical presentation

Fever Headache Pneumonia

Ringworm

Common Carriers

Cattle

Cats

Ringworm

Transmission

Direct contact with infected animal

Clinical presentation

Skin lesions

Toxoplasmosis

Common carriers

Cats

Sheep

Toxoplasmosis

Transmission

Ingestion of infected meats

Fecal contaminated soil

Clinical Presentation

Fever Swollen nodes Abortion Still-birth Mental retardation

Scabies

Common Carriers

Dogs

Raccoons

Scabies

Transmission

Direct contact with infected animals

Clinical presentation

Itching skin lesions

Milker’s Nodules

Common carrier

Cow teats

Ulcers from calves mouth

Milker’s Nodules

Transmission

Milking or touching the teat of infected cow

Contact with a mouth ulcer in a calve

Clinical presentation

5-14 day incubation period

2-5 small, red spots on hands

Prevention and Control

Assure an uncontaminated water supply

Properly construct wells Add chlorination to water Connect to water supply Appropriate disposal of wastes

Prevent food contamination

1. Avoid unpasturized milk2. Don’t allow juices to drip on other foods3. Wash hands4. Disinfect kitchen surfaces5. Wash raw fruits and vegetables6. Don’t defrost meats on the counter7. Use separate utensils for raw/cooked meat

Cooking guidelines

Cook eggs until firm Avoid foods with partially cooked eggs Cook meats until juices are clear

Poultry – internal temp of 180 degrees Beef – internal temp of 160 degrees

Fish should be white and flaky

Storing leftovers

Store food in appropriate containers Set refrigerator temp to 40 and freezer to 0 Refrigerate leftovers immediately Never leave food out for more than 2 hours

Always drink pasteurized milk!

Avoid contact with diseased animals

Dispose of carcasses properly

Wear appropriate clothing and gloves Spray dead animals before moving them Dispose of animals according to law Wash hands afterwards

Discourage animals from nesting in your home

Keep a clean house Seal small openings inside and out Keep traps out of the reach Store food in tight containers

Protect pets from getting & transmitting diseases

Vaccinate cats and dogs against rabies Do not keep wild animals as pets Do not allow pest to drink from toilet Clean pet’s living area 1x/week Clean litter box daily

Pregnant women should not clean litter

boxes

Additional safety precautions

Treat livestock that salivate as if they have rabies

Wash your hands after handling or cleaning up after animals

Cover sandboxes when not in use

Prevent tick bites

Wear repellent Wear appropriate clothing

Long-sleeved shirt Tuck pant legs into socks

Check yourself and pets after being in a tick-infested area

Treat animal scratches and bites seriously

Wash area with soap and water Apply anti-bacterial medication Bandage wound Consider medical attention

Most Zoonoses are preventable if cautionary

measures are taken!!