ZBORNIK III. MEĐUNARODNOG ARHEOLOŠKOG KOLOKVIJA Rimske keramičarske i staklarske radionice. Proizvodnja i trgovina na jadranskom prostoru

ATTI DEL III COLLOQUIO ARCHEOLOGICO INTERNAZIONALEOfficine per la produzione di ceramica e vetro in epoca romana. Produzione e commercio nella regione adriatica

PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3rd INTERNATIONAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL COLLOQUYRoman Pottery and Glass Manufactures. Production and Trade in the Adriatic Region

ROMAN ECONOMYIN

DALMATIA

KNJIGA / VOLUME 12 ZBORNIK INSTITUTA ZA ARHEOLOGIJU / SERTA INSTITUTI ARCHAEOLOGICI

Izdavači /Editori / PublishersINSTITUT ZA ARHEOLOGIJU / INSTITUTO DI ARCHEOLOGIA / INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY

MUZEJ GRADA CRIKVENICE / MUSEO CIVICO DI CRIKVENICA / CRIKVENICA MUNICIPAL MUSEUM

Za izdavače / Direzione editorale / For the PublishersMarko DIZDAR

Silvija HULJINA

Adresa uredništva / Indirizzo editoriale / Editor’s address Institut za arheologiju / Instituto di Archeologia / Institute of Archaeology

HR-10000 Zagreb, Ljudevita Gaja 32Tel.: +385 (0) 61 50 250Fax: +385 (0) 60 55 806

web: http:/www.iarh.hr

Urednici / A cura di / EditorsGoranka LIPOVAC VRKLJAN

Bartul ŠILJEGIvana OŽANIĆ ROGULJIĆ

Ana KONESTRA

Izvršni urednici / Editori esecutivi / Desk editorsGoranka LIPOVAC VRKLJAN

Ana KONESTRATea ROSIĆ

Znanstveni izdavački savjet / Comitato scientifico / Scientific editorial boardTamás BEZECZKY (Beč)

Igor BORZIĆ (Zadar) Ivo FADIĆ (Zadar)

Robert MATIJAŠIĆ (Pula) Stefania PESAVENTO MATTIOLI (Padova)

Jeroen POBLOME (Leuven) Irena RADIĆ ROSSI (Zadar) Mirjana SANADER (Zagreb)

Eleni SCHINDLER KAUDELKA (Graz) Verena VIDRIH PERKO (Kranj)

Susanne ZABEHLICKY-SCHEFFENEGGER (Beč)

Recenzenti Zbornika / Recensori del volume / Volume ReviewersStefania PESAVENTO MATTIOLI Igor BORZIĆ

Prijevod / Traduzione / TranslationSuzana ČULE, Tomislav BILIĆ (engleski jezik / inglese / English) Ana KONESTRA (talijanski jezik / italiano / Italian, hrvatski jezik / croato / Croatian)

Lektura / Revisione testi / Proof-readingDiana GREBLIČKI-MICULINIĆ (hrvatski jezik / croato / Croatian) Ana KONESTRA (talijanski jezik / italiano / Italian) Tomislav BILIĆ (engleski jezik / inglese / English)

Korektura / Correzioni bozze / ProofreadingGoranka LIPOVAC VRKLJAN Bartul ŠILJEGTea ROSIĆ Tatjana TKALČEC Tajana SEKELJ IVANČAN

Dizajn / Disegno / DesignBojan CRNIĆ

Tisak / Stampa / PrintTiskara Zelina d.d., Sveti Ivan Zelina

Naklada / Tiratura / Issued150 primjeraka / 150 copie / 150 copies

U suglasnosti s Muzejom Grada Crikvenice Zbornik se izdaje unutar edicije ZIA - Zbornik Instituta za arheologiju / Serta Instituti Archaeologici ZIA /knjiga 12In accordo con il Museo Civico di Crikvenica, gli Atti sono pubblicati all’interno dell’ edizione ZIA - Zbornik Instituta za arheologiju / Serta Instituti Archaeologici ZIA /volume 12In agreement with the Crikvenica Municipal Museum the Proceedings are published within the edition ZIA - Zbornik Instituta za arheologiju / Serta Instituti Archaeologici ZIA / volume 12

Sredstva za tisak Zbornika III. međunarodnog arheološkog kolokvija u Crikvenici osigurao je Grad Crikvenica.Gli Atti del III colloquio archeologico internazionale di Crikvenica sono stati finanziati dalla Città di Crikvenica.The Proceedings of the 3rd international archaeological colloquy held in Crikvenica have been financed by the Town of Crikvenica.

Zbornik je nastao unutar rada na projektu Rimska ekonomija u Dalmaciji: proizvodnja, distribucija i potražnja u svijetlu keramičarskih radionica (RED, IP-11-2013- 3973) Hrvatske zaklade za znanost.Gli Atti si inseriscono all’interno delle attività del progetto Economia romana in Dalmazia: produzione, distribuzione e richiesta alla luce delle officine ceramiche (RED, IP-11-2013- 3973) della Fondazione croata per la scienza (HRZZ). This Proceedings are part of the work on the project Roman Economy in Dalmatia: production, distribution and demand in the light of pottery workshops (RED, IP-11-2013- 3973) Croatian Science Foudation.

ISBN 978-953-6064-43-4 ISBN 978-953-56521-7-5

CIP zapis je dostupan u računalnome katalogu Nacionalne i sveučilišne knjižnice u Zagrebu pod brojem 000976810.

Il record CIP è disponibile nel catalogo Online della Biblioteca Nazionale e Universitaria di Zagabria, con il numero 000976810.

A CIP catalogue record is available in the Online Catalogue of the National and University Library in Zagreb under the number 000976810.

RIMSKE KERAMIČARSKE I STAKLARSKE RADIONICEPROIZVODNJA I TRGOVINA NA JADRANSKOM PROSTORUZBORNIK III. MEĐUNARODNOG ARHEOLOŠKOG KOLOKVIJACRIKVENICA, 4. - 5. STUDENOGA 2014.

OFFICINE PER LA PRODUZIONE DI CERAMICA E VETRO IN EPOCA ROMANAPRODUZIONE E COMMERCIO NELLA REGIONE ADRIATICAATTI DEL III COLLOQUIO ARCHEOLOGICO INTERNAZIONALECRIKVENICA (CROAZIA), 4 - 5 NOVEMBRE 2014

ROMAN POTTERY AND GLASS MANUFACTURESPRODUCTION AND TRADE IN THE ADRIATIC REGIONPROCEEDINGS OF THE 3rd INTERNATIONAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL COLLOQUYCRIKVENICA (CROATIA), 4th - 5th NOVEMBER 2014

UREDNICI / A CURA DI / EDITORSGORANKA LIPOVAC VRKLJAN

BARTUL ŠILJEGIVANA OŽANIĆ ROGULJIĆ

ANA KONESTRA CRIKVENICA 2017.

6 7

Sadržaj Indice / Table of contents

PREDGOVOR UREDNIKAPREFAZIONE DELL’EDITOREEDITOR’S PREFACE

RADIONICE I PROIZVODNJA KERAMIKE OFFICINE E PRODUZIONE CERAMICA WORKSHOPS AND POTTERY PRODUCTION

Elizabeth A. Murphy, Jeroen PoblomeDefining Production: Opportunities and Challenges of Comparative Workshop StudiesDefiniranje proizvodnje: mogućnosti i poteškoće komparativnih analiza radionica

Silvia PalecchiThe Roman kilns at Giancola, Brindisi. Clues on the reconstruction of the work organization systemRimske peći u Giancoli, Brinidisi. Naznake za rekonstrukciju sustava organizacije rada

Cristina MondinImpianti produttivi per ceramica nella decima regio: distribuzione topografica e evoluzione strutturale.Keramičarska proizvodna središta decime regio: topografska distribucija i strukturalna evolucija

Corinne Rousse, Gaetano Benčič, Vladimir Kovačić, Kristina Gergeta Sotončić, Davor MundaNew insights into the Loron complex (Tar Vabriga, Croatia): Preliminary results on the Villa of Santa MarinaNove spoznaje o Loronskom kompleksu (Tar-Vabriga, Hrvatska): preliminarni rezultati u villi u Svetoj Marini

Slavica Filipović, Mirna CrnkovićOrganizirana keramičarska proizvodnja u Mursi: Vojarna 2003. – 2005.Organised pottery production at Mursa: Vojarna 2003 – 2005

Martin Auer, Malgorzata DaszkiewiczArchaeological expectations and archaeometric results. Some considerations on imported coarse wares and local pottery production in Aguntum, Austria Arheološka očekivanja i arheometrijski rezultati. Razmatranja o uvoznom kuhinjskom posuđu i lokalnoj proizvodnji u Aguntumu, Austrija

Paola Ventura, Claudio CapelliProduzioni fittili dai territori di Aquileia e Concordia (regione Friuli Venezia Giulia): l’apporto dell’archeometria, vecchi e nuovi dati a confrontoKeramičarska proizvodnja na područje Akvileje i Concordije (regija Friuli Venezia Giulia): doprinos arheometrije, usporedba starih i novih podataka

György Szakmány, Sándor Józsa, Tamás BezeczkyNew data on provenance and technology of the Fažana Amphora Workshop. A case study of Laecanii and Imperial amphoraeNovi podaci o provenijenciji i tehnologiji fažanskoga amforaškog proizvodnog središta. Case study Lekanijevih i carskih amfora

Marina Ugarković, Branimir ŠegvićTableware of the Living or Pots for the Dead? An Introduction to the 2nd and 1st c. BCE Grey Ware from the Tombs of IssaStolno posuđe živih ili posude mrtvih? Rasprava o sivoj keramici 2. i 1. stoljeća pr. n. e. pronađenoj u grobnicama Ise

Goranka Lipovac VrkljanTipologija lokalne proizvodnje amfora crikveničke radionice Typology of local amphorae production from the workshop in Crikvenica

Zrinka Šimić KanaetEksperimentalna arheologija. Rekonstrukcija izrade keramike tankih stijenkiExperimental archaeology. Reconstruction of thin-walled ware shaping

DISTRIBUCIJA KERAMIKE I TRGOVINA DISTRIBUZIONE E COMMERCIO DELLE CERAMICHE POTTERY DISTRIBUTION AND TRADE

Tiziana Cividini, Paola Maggi Ceramiche fini nel Medio Friuli: la distribuzione delle terre sigillate nelle campagne dell’agro aquileieseFino stolno posuđe na području središnje Furlanije: distribucija tere sigilate na ruralnim područjima akvilejskoga agera

Diana Dobreva, Valentina MantovaniCeramiche fini di produzione dalmata, pannonica, retica e di treviri ad AquileiaKeramičko stolno posuđe dalmatinske, panonske, recijske i trijerske proizvodnje u Akvileji

Stefania MazzocchinTerra sigillata tardo padana da un contesto dello scavo di S. Maria di Lugo (Campagna Lupia-Venezia)Kasna padska terra sigillata s istraživanja u S. Maria di Lugo (Campagna Lupia-Venecija)

Mario Cesarano, Lorenzo ZamboniIn mezzo scorre il fiume...”. Prime ricerche su vetri e ceramiche fini dagli insediamenti di età romana tra Adria e Ravenna““Između teče rijeka....”. Prva istraživanja stakla i keramičkog finog stolnog posuđa iz rimskodobnih naselja između Adrije i Ravenne

Enrico Cirelli Settlements and pottery: local versus long-distance trade in Mid-Adriatic Italy (4th –8th c.)Naselja i keramika: lokalna i trgovina na velike udaljenosti u središnjoj jadranskoj Italiji (4. – 8. st.)

Marzia Giuliodori Terra sigillata norditalica dal porto romano di Ancona: risultati preliminariSjeveroitalska tera sigilata iz rimske luke Ancone: preliminarni rezultati

10

15

17

29

41

67

75

97

127

145

161

185

197

205

207

225

255

269

295

317

8 9

Sadržaj

Archer MartinItalian Sigillata in Abruzzo: The Evidence from Monte PallanoItalska sigilata u Abruzzu: nalazi s Monte Pallana

Carlo de MitriCeramiche fini da mensa di produzione occidentale nell’area ionico-adriatica (II sec. a.C. – II sec. d.C.): presenza e circolazione nella penisola salentinaFino stolno posuđe zapadnomediteranske proizvodnje na jonsko-jadranskom području (2. st. pr. Kr. – 2. st. po. Kr.): prisutnost i distribucija na salentinskom poluotoku

Asja Tonc, Ivan Radman LivajaKeramički materijal s Gradine Sv. Trojice - preliminarna analizaPreliminary analysis of pottery from the Sv. Trojica hillfort

Dušanka RomanovićAmfore ravnog dna tipa Crikvenica iz slojeva antičke luke u Zatonu kod ZadraFlat-bottomed amphorae of the Crikvenica type from the Roman port in Zaton near Zadar

Filipa Jurković Pešić, Anamarija Eterović Borzić Korintska reljefna keramika s nekropole antičkog JaderaCorinthian relief ware from the necropolis of ancient Iader

Mladen PešićSjevernoafrička tera sigilata s brodoloma kod otočića Babuljaša blizu PakoštanaNorth African terra sigillata from the shipwreck near Babuljaš islet near Pakoštane

Mirna VukovTegulae with stamps from the Pansiana workshop from Archaeological museum in Split Tegule s pečatom radionce Pansiana iz Arheološkog muzeja u Splitu

Ivana Ožanić Roguljić, Ana Konestra

Pannonian slipped ware in DalmatiaPanonska keramika s premazom u Dalmaciji

Gloria Bolzoni, Tania Chinni, David R. HernandezVitalità produttiva e rapporti commerciali a Butrinto in epoca romana: la testimonianza di ceramica e vetroProizvodna vitalnost i trgovački odnosi u rimskodobnom Butrintu: svjedočanstva keramike i stakla

Brikena Shkodra-Rrugia Some Evidence on African Cooking Ware Imports in AlbaniaNeki dokazi uvoza afričkoga kuhinjskog posuđa u Albaniji

PROIZVODNJA I DISTRIBUCIJA STAKLAPRODUZIONE E DISTRIBUZIONE DEL VETROGLASS PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION

Nicoletta FrapicciniI vetri romani dalla Croazia nel Museo Archeologico Nazionale delle Marche di AnconaRimsko staklo iz Hrvatske u Nacionalnom arheološkom muzeju regije Marche u Anconi

Berislav Štefanac, Aska ŠoparSrebrne pikside sa staklenim recipijentima s nekropole antičkog JaderaSilver pyxides with glass receptacles from the necropolis of Roman Iader

Šime PerovićPrivjesak s likom Harpokrata s nekropole antičkog JaderaHarpocrates pendant from the necropolis of Roman Iader

Mia LeljakStaklene posude iz istočnomediteranskih radionica s područja hrvatskoga dijela provincije Panonije Glass vessels from eastern-Mediterranean workshops from the territory of the Croatian part of the province of Pannonia

Indice / Table of contents

333

351

365

387

407

419

433

453

463

481

497

499

517

529

541

11

Predgovor urednika

Cijenjeni kolegice i kolege,

pred vama je Zbornik III. Međunarodnog arheološkog kolokvija Rimske keramičarske i staklarske radionice. Proizvodnja i trgovina na jadranskom prostoru koji sadržava tekstove sudionika Kolokvija održanog u Crikvenici 4. i 5. studenog 2014. godine. Raduje nas kontinu-itet održavanja Kolokvija i mogućnost objave Zbornika nakon svakog održanog skupa, osobito jer je riječ o tematski definiranim trogo-dišnjim skupovima. Kao i proteklih godina, bez znanstvenog interesa i napora autora tekstova, bilo bi iznimno teško održati ne samo slijed objave već i znanstvenu kvalitetu Zbornika.

Tekstovi objavljeni u ovom Zborniku sadržajno su povezani s osnovnom temom Kolokvija, antičkim keramičarskim i staklar-skim radionicama. Rasprave tako zahvaćaju široku problematiku: od prostorne organiza-cije radionica i obilježja njihove proizvodnje do problema distribucije predmeta te tipo-loških analiza keramičkih i staklarskih nalaz. Poseban doprinos za uspostavu referentnih arheoloških i interdisciplinarnih kriterija pri definiranju lokalne proizvodnje nalazimo u nizu rasprava bilo da je riječ o proizvodnji kasnohelenističke keramike, keramike tankih stijeniki, tere sigilate i njihovim lokal-nim varijantama. Naša istraživanja lokalne proizvodnje keramike na priobalju rimske provincije Dalmacije, a koja se provode u sklopu znanstvenog istraživačkog projekta RED, Roman Economy in Dalmatia: production, distribution and demand in the light of pottery workshops (HRZZ, IP-11-2013-3973), posebno keramičarskoga proizvodnog kom-pleksa u Crikvenici, doprinos su poznavanju lokalnih proizvodnih obilježja ovog prostora.

Na kraju još jednom zahvaljujemo svim sudionicima III. Međunarodnog arheološkog kolokvija, autorima te svim suradnicima u pripremi i objavi ovog Zbornika. Nadamo se da će zanimljivost tekstova privući pažnju i pozitivnu reakciju znanstvene javnosti te da će prezentirane teme pridonijeti budućim znanstvenim istraživanjima.

Zahvale pripadaju Znanstvenom odboru Kolokvija i Znanstvenome izdavačkom savjetu Zbornika koji su svojim aktivnim sudjelo-vanjem pridonijeli znanstvenoj vrsnosti i Kolokvija i Zbornika. Posebno hvala Gradu Crikvenici i Muzeju Grada Crikvenice koji je, kao i uvijek do sada, preuzeo velik dio izdavačkog tereta i pratio naše znanstvene i stručne interese, želeći pridonijeti popula-rizaciji iznimnog lokaliteta keramičarske radionice o kojem skrbi. Za kraj, zahvaljujemo na podršci matičnoj ustanovi, Institutu za arheologiju, u čijoj je ediciji Zbornik Instituta za arheologiju / Serta Instituti Archaeologici ovaj Zbornik i objavljen.

Goranka Lipovac Vrkljan

PREDGOVOR UREDNIKAPREFAZIONE DELL’EDITOREEDITOR’S PREFACE

10

12 13

Prefazione dell’Editore Editor’s preface

Spettabili colleghe e colleghi,

Con il presente volume vi presentiamo gli Atti del III Colloquio archeologico internazio-nale “Officine per la produzione di ceramica e vetro in epoca romana. Produzione e com-mercio nella regione adriatica” che raccoglie i contributi dei partecipanti al Colloquio tenutosi a Crikvenica il 4 e 5 novembre 2014. Siamo lieti della continuità con cui si tiene il Colloquio, come anche la possibilità di pubblicare gli Atti con la stessa cadenza, soprattutto trattandosi di incontri tema-tici triennali. Come negli anni precedenti, senza l’interesse scientifico e lo sforzo degli autori sarebbe impossibile mantenere tale costanza e soprattutto la qualità scientifica degli Atti.

I contributi pubblicati sono contestual-mente connessi al tema principale del Colloquio, quello delle officine per la produzione di ceramica e vetro. Le discus-sioni comprendono ampie problematiche: dall’organizzazione delle officine, alle caratteristiche dei loro prodotti e della loro distribuzione, fino ad analisi tipologiche di rinvenimenti ceramici e vitrei. Un partico-lare apporto alla definizione di criteri di referenza archeologici e interdisciplinari relativi a produzioni locali è dato da diverse discussioni che spaziano dalla produzione di ceramica tardo ellenistica, a quella di cera-mica a pareti sottili e terra sigillata, nonché delle loro varianti locali. Le nostre ricerche relative alla produzione ceramica nell’area costiera della provincia Dalmazia, portati avanti nell’ambito del progetto RED, Roman Economy in Dalmatia: production, distribution and demand in the light of pottery workshops (HRZZ, IP-11-2013-3973), in particolare del centro produttivo di Crikvenica, contribui-scono alla conoscenza delle caratteristiche dei prodotti locali di quest’area.

Per finire ringraziamo nuovamente tutti i partecipanti al III Colloquio archeolo-gico internazionale, tutti gli autori e tutti i collaboratori che hanno contribuito alla pre-parazione e alla pubblicazione del volume. Ci auguriamo che le interessanti tematiche degli articoli pubblicati attireranno l’attenzione della comunità scientifica e produrranno nuovi spunti di riflessione su cui impostare sempre nuove ricerche scientifiche sul tema.

Estendiamo i nostri ringraziamenti al Comitato scientifico del Colloquio e al Comitato scientifico editoriale degli Atti, che con la loro attiva partecipazione hanno contribuito alla qualità di entrambi. Un sen-tito ringraziamento alla Città di Crikvenica e al Museo civico di Crikvenica, che ha, come sempre, assunto un importante ruolo nella pubblicazione del volume e ha saputo sup-portarci nei nostri interessi scientifici, con la costante volontà di contribuire alla cono-scenza dell’eccezionale sito produttivo del quale si prende cura. Infine, ringraziamo per il sostegno il nostro ente, l’Istituto di Archeologia, nell’ambito della cui collana Zbornik Instituta za arheologiju / Serta Instituti Archaeologici questi Atti sono pubblicati.

Goranka Lipovac Vrkljan

Dear Colleagues,

welcome to the Proceedings of the 3rd International Archaeological Colloquium ‘Roman pottery and glass manufactures. Production and trade in the Adriatic region’ in which gathered together are the texts of the participants of the Colloquium held in Crikvenica from 4th – 5th November 2014. We are very pleased with the continued staging of the Colloquium and the possibility of pub-lishing each collection of Proceedings after the meeting, especially as it concerns the thematically defined triennial conferences. As in previous years, without the scientific interest and the support of the authors, it would be extremely difficult to continue not only with the publication but also to keep up the scientific quality of the Proceedings.

The texts published in these Proceedings are by their content linked with the basic theme of the Colloquium, with ancient cera-mist and glassmaker’s workshops. The papers, therefore, cover a wide range of issues: from the spatial organisation of the workshops and the characteristics of their production to the problems of the distribution of the items and the typological analyses of the ceramic and glass finds. We encounter a particular contribution to the establishment of refer-ential archaeological and interdisciplinary criteria in the definition of the local pro-duction in a number of discussions whether it concerns the production of Late Hellenistic ceramics, thin-walled ware and terra sigillata, and their local variants. Our investigations of the local pottery production in the coastal area of the Roman province of Dalmatia, and which are being carried out within the scien-tific research project RED, Roman Economy in Dalmatia: production, distribution and demand in the light of pottery workshops (HRZZ, IP-11-2013-3973), particularly of the pottery producing complex in Crikvenica, are a con-tribution to the understanding of the local production characteristics of this area.

To end with I would like to thank all the participants of the 3rd International Archaeological Colloquium, the authors and all the collaborators in the preparation and publication of these Proceedings. We hope that the appeal of these texts attracts the attention and positive reaction of the scien-tific public and we believe that the presented themes will contribute to future scientific research.

Our thanks go to the Scientific Committee of the Colloquium and the Scientific Publishing Board of the Proceedings who with their active participation have contributed to the scientific quality of the Colloquium as well as the Proceedings. Special thanks go to the Town of Crikvenica and the Crikvenica Municipal Museum which, as always, has taken on a great part of the publication expense and has followed our scientific and expert interests, with the wish to contrib-ute to the popularisation of the exceptional site of the pottery workshop about which it cares. To finish with we would also like to thank the support of our parent institution, the Institute of Archaeology, in whose edi-tion of the Proceedings of the Institute of Archaeology / Serta Instituti Archaeologici these Proceedings are also published.

Goranka Lipovac Vrkljan

453

PANN

ON

IAN SLIPPED

WARE IN

DALM

ATIAI.O

.R. / A.K.

Pannonian slipped ware in Dalmatia

Panonska keramika s premazom u Dalmaciji

IVANA OŽANIĆ ROGULJIĆ Institut za arheologijuGajeva 32HR-10000 Zagrebiozanic@iarh.hr

ANA KONESTRAInstitut za arheologijuGajeva 32HR-10000 Zagrebana.konestra@gmail.com

ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC PAPERIZVORNI ZNANSTVENI RAD

KLJUČNE RIJEČI:panonska keramika s premazom

provincija Dalmacijacestovna komunikacija

trgovina

KEY WORDS: Pannonia slipped ware

province of Dalmatiaroad communications

trade

The paper deals with the finds of Pannonian Slipped Ware (PSW) on the territory of the Roman province of Dalmatia. Recognised for the first time in 2006, this ware has since been documented throughout the coastal area and on the adjacent islands. Nevertheless, a concentration of finds can be noted in the area of the northern Adriatic, pointing to the importance of Senia the main crossroad of maritime and terrestrial routes in this area, in the distribution on the ware. The models of distribution in the southern part of the province are yet to be understood, though seaborne transport is certain due to the presence of this ware on islands.

PSW is present in Dalmatia with three main types of bowls, but finds of plates, though of an unidentifiable type, are also present. The distribution of PSW on the eastern Adriatic coast is circumscribed to a specific timeframe within the 2nd c., although its production continued much longer, coinciding with the period when the Italic products gave way to eastern Mediterranean and north African imports.

U radu se obrađuju nalazi panonske keramike s premazom s područja rimske provincije Dalmacije. Ova je keramička vrsta prvi put prepoznata 2006. g., a od tada je primijećena duž obale i na otocima. Ipak, moguće je pri-mijetiti koncentraciju nalaza na sjevernom Jadranu, što upućuje na važnost Senie, inače važnoga sjecišta kopnenih i pomorskih putova, u distribuciji ove keramike. Modeli distribucije u južni dio provincije još uvijek ostaju nejasnima iako je prijevoz morem neupitan zbog nalaza na otocima.

Panonska keramika s premazom u Dalmaciji je prisutna s trima osnovnim oblicima zdjelica, no javljaju se i tipovima tanjura, koje, međutim, nije moguće pobliže odrediti. Distribucija panonske keramike s premazom na jadranskoj obali ograničena je na 2. st. po. Kr., iako je njezina proizvodnja znatno ranija i duža, pa ona tako koincidira s razdobljem prestanka italskoga uvoza i početka uvoza s istočnog Mediterana i sjeverne Afrike.

454 455

Ivana Ožanić Roguljić / Ana Konestra Pannonian slipped ware in Dalmatia

Introduction1

Pannonian slipped ware2 is a group of table ware that were produced in various areas of the province of Pannonia. A general descrip-tion of this ware is that of dishes made on the wheel, slipped, most often undecorated, decorated by rouletting or stamping, or a combination of the two, and fired in reduc-ing or oxidizing atmospheres. The vessels’ forms include several types of spherical bowls and plates, but also jugs, cups and bea-kers (Adler-Wölfl 2004). The current state of research proposes several production centres as diverse vessel groups have been identi-fied, which are still a matter of discussion. In this paper the distribution of this ware in the Roman Province of Dalmatia, more pre-cisely in its present-day Croatian part, will be presented. The information are gathered from published works, field surveys, archae-ological excavations and extensive visits to museums and their storerooms.3

1 The authors would like to dedicate this paper to our late colleagues Zdenko Brusić and Zoran Gregl, the first scholars to have identified PSW in Dalmatia and kind helpers in many pottery doubts.

This papers stams from the activities of the project RED - Roman economy in Dalmatia: production, distribution and demand in the light of pottery workshops of the Croatian Science Foundation (IP-11-2013-3973).

2 Different names are used for this ware: “Pannonische Glanztonware”, Pannonian products, pottery with stamped decoration, Pannonian ceramics, Pannonian grey ceramics, grey ceramics with dark grey to black coloured slip, stamped pottery, Pannonian ceramics with stamped decoration, and “dishes mostly originated from Resatus and his circle”,

“panonska keramika s premazom”, “pečatna keramika”.

3 The authors would like to thank Ante Milošević (Muzej hrvatskih arheoloških spomenika, Split), Tatjana Kolak (Muzej Like Gospić), Sanjin Mihelić (Arheološki muzej u Zagrebu), Kristina Jelinčić Vučković (Institut za arheologiju, Zagreb), Ranko Starac (Pomorski i povijesni muzej Hrvatskog primorja Rijeka), Blaženka Ljubović, prof. (Muzej Grada Senja) and the owners of the Samblich collection (Krk) for insights on unpublished material.

State of research

Not many publications dealt with the topic of Pannonian slipped ware in Dalmatia. The first scholar to recognize this class in a Dalmatian pottery assemblage was Z. Brusić in the material from Aenona’s port at Zaton- Cape Kremenjača (Brusić 2006: 42), soon followed by the comprehensive publica-tion of Zaton’s PSW finds by Z. Gregl (Gregl 2009). Nevertheless, Pannonian slipped ware was published on several occasions without being recognised as such. In the old excava-tions of the necropolis in Bakar (Fig.1) it was presented on illustrations (Ljubić 1882). This ware is also present in the publication of the Roman necropolis of Baška - st. Mark on the Island of Krk (Bekić,Višnjić 2008). In the con-tinental part of the province, this material was identified on the hillfort Osječenica, which is situated on the border with Pannonia (Ožanić 1998). Recently identified Pannonian slipped ware from Dalmatia was published by I. Borzić (Aenona) and A. Konestra (Fulfinium, Bakar) (Borzić 2013; Konestra 2015a; 2015b: 119). The southernmost find of this group is from Narona (Topić 2003).

On this occasion, the unpublished material from the sites Žuta Lokva, Arrupium, Varvaria, and the islands of Rab (Lopar), Krk (Curicta) and Brač will be presented, along with the two fragments kept at the Senj City Museum, probably recovered at the nearby settlement of sv. Juraj (Lopsica) (Fig.1).

Typology

The types of Pannonian slipped ware that are most commonly distributed throughout Dalmatian sites are variants of bowls and plates.

The hemispherical bowl Type 1a (Fig. 2) belongs to a variation of the Drag 37 bowl, which is an extremely popular shape in Pannonia, where it is present on many sites (Ožanić Roguljić 2016: 41). It is often decorated with grooves in combination with rouletting and stamped decoration (Plesničar Gec 1977: 54; Brukner 1981: 87; Adler – Wölfl 2004: 44; Nagy 2014: 119 – 127; Ožanić Roguljić 2016: 41). In Dalmatia it is present in the Bakar necrop-olis and at the underwater site Zaton - Cape Kremenjača. All examples are decorated with rouletting, some with zoning and others with

Fig. 1 Distribution of PSW in Provincia Dalmatia, main provincial settlements and ports, and the location of Siscia

(map: A. Konestra)

Sl. 1Distribucija panonske keramike s premazom u provinciji Dalmaciji, značajna naselja i luke, položaj Siscie

(izradila: A. Konestra)

PSW findspotsMain settlements and ports

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Ivana Ožanić Roguljić / Ana Konestra Pannonian slipped ware in Dalmatia

indistinct decoration scattered all over the body (Ljubić 1882; Gregl 2009; Konestra 2015b). Type 1b seems to be related to African Red Slip shapes, in this case a distant cousin of Hayes 9. Most finds of this type have a glossy or opaque black slip and greyish fabric.

The most common type, Bowl Type 2, (Fig. 2) is a hemispherical bowl with inverted rim. Bowl Type 2a is decorated with rouletting, sometimes in combination with stamped decoration, while Type 2b has simple deco-ration with grooves or no decoration at all. It is found on most Dalmatian sites where Pannonian slipped ware is present: Arrupium, Žuta lokva, sv. Juraj, Fulfinium, Curicta, Baška (Sv. Marko), Lopar – Podkućine (island of Rab), Aenona (Nin- Sv. Križ), Zaton – Cape Kremenjača, Varvaria and Narona (Bekić, Višnjić 2008; Gregl 2009; Borzić 2013; Konestra 2015b). Most finds of this type have a glossy or opaque black slip, while at Baška both black and red slipped bowls are present. Forms and deco-rations are quite similar to the finds from Zagreb Stenjevec, and Gornja Vas necropolis where they appear as grave goods and urns (Gregl 1989). In Dalmatia, they are present in different contexts, such as settlements, ports and road stations. In the necropolis of Baška/Sv. Marko the bowls’ sherds were found mostly in layers above the graves, and not within the graves themselves.

Type 3 flanged bowls (Fig. 2) can be con-nected with Adler-Wölfl 6b type (Adler Wölfl 2004: 47, T 10: 160; Konestra 2015b). It is found only at Fulfinium, from excavations carried out in the 1970s in an area defined as “urban villa” (Pavišić 1983). The fabric of this type is greyish and the slip is glossy dark grey.

Plates with rounded rim are found on two sites (Tarsatica, Novo selo Bunje). These sherds are decorated by rouletting but, as they are poorly preserved, no insight on their typo-logical determination is possible. The fabric of this type is also grayish, while the slip is glossy or opaque black.

Distribution, dating, conclusion

The precise production area of the vessel types identified in Dalmatia is difficult to determine. Judging by decoration and shape of the most common bowls, they belong to the

“southern group” of Pannonian slipped ware, as recently proposed4 (see also Gregl 2009: 198). In Pannonia, this group appears in both necropolises and settlements from the second half of the 1st c. and throughout the 2nd c. AD, but some shapes can be dated to the 3rd or even 4th c. The latter is in all probability resid-ual. Analogies for the Dalmatian material are common throughout the south-western Pannonia (Petru, Petru 1978; Gregl 1989; 2007).

Pannonian slipped ware is found in different Dalmatian contexts on sites from Tarsatica to Narona on the coast, but also in the immedi-ate hinterland (Žuta Lokva, Arrupium, Varvaria). The statistical presence of this material within the published assemblages is usually less than 1%. The arrival of Pannonian slipped ware is a relatively short-lived phenomenon encom-passing the 2nd c., but it nevertheless seems to have reached the entire coastal area, as well as the islands. It is interesting to notice that bowls of type 2 were found on sites along the Siscia – Senia road (Arrupium, Žuta Lokva), where Senia could be seen as the starting point of its seaborne distribution along the north-eastern Adriatic, and the road itself as a trade route for the products’ arrival. In fact, the abundant pres-ence on the hillfort Osječenica (Ožanić Roguljić 1998), a settlement on the border of Dalmatia and Pannonia, points to this possibility as well. The Siscia - Senia road was, in fact, one of the major arteries that connected Pannonia and Dalmatia, as Senia was probably the main port of this sec-tion of the Adriatic shore. Although PSW was not yet identified at Senj, the necropolis of Baška, located just across the Velebit-Vinodol channel, can testify to this link of terrestrial and mari-time routes. While there is evidence that Siscia was a centre that received Mediterranean pot-tery from the time it was occupied by the Romans, partly probably arriving along the route start-ing at Senia, the distribution of Pannonian slipped ware is an important evidence for the presence of Pannonian goods on Dalmatian mar-kets (Makjanić 1988, Baćani et al. 2010).

4 http://www2.rgzm.de/Transformation/Magyarorszag/Glanztonware/GlanztonwareEnglisch.htm, 15.9.2016.

Fig. 2 Main types of PSW identified in Dalmatia(from: Gregl 2009; Konestra 2015b)

Sl. 2 Osnovni tipovi panonske keramike s premazom identificirani u provinciji Dalmaciji (prema: Gregl 2009; Konestra 2015b)

Type 1

Type 2

Type 3

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Ivana Ožanić Roguljić / Ana Konestra Pannonian slipped ware in Dalmatia

The discovery of PSW in the Zaton - Cape Kremenjača port could help in identifying the starting point of its distribution to Aenona, Varvaria and perhaps other sites in the hin-terland of Zadar. It is hard to imagine how these vessels arrived to Narona or Novo Selo Bunje on the Brač Island, although multiple roads connected the Dalmatian capital and the important port Salona to Pannonia (Migotti 2016: 159, fig. 4). These finds are, nevertheless, an indicator of the presence of Pannonian products in central and southern Dalmatia, and could mean that we can expect more of this pottery to appear on other neighbouring sites in the future.

The shapes belonging to earliest types, just as the later shapes, are not present in Dalmatia, a fact that can be connected with the capillary distribution of Italic products throughout the 1st c. AD, and the rise of imports from African provinces that flooded the Mediterranean, including the eastern Adriatic, market from the 2nd c. onwards (Rice 2011: 91). This chronological time-frame could be indicative of a change in communication patterns between Dalmatia and Pannonia, but also of a change within the Pannonian production and distribution pat-tern itself. Both the necropolis at Baška and the layers of the port in Zaton are important for understanding the assemblages and con-textual associations in which we might expect to find PSW in Dalmatia. In both cases, the 2nd c. material is characterized by Aegean and eastern Mediterranean imports (Bekić, Višnjić 2008; Taras 2014), as well as the earliest ARS imports (Hayes 8 and 23) (Bekić, Višnjić 2008; Romanović, Gluščević 2014: 147). In addition, at Zaton the 2nd c. flat-bottomed amphorae from Italy and Crikvenica are also characteristic for this period (Romanović, Gluščević 2014). Thus, the PSW along with ESB, might have filled a gap created by the decrease of Italian sigillata imports (Konestra 2016: 503-504) in the Flavian period, and before the massive arrivals of ARS. Nevertheless, PSW does occur in contexts together with ARS, as well as in contexts with ESB, pointing to the possibility that the area of the north-eastern Adriatic might have supplied Siscia with these materials in this period.

These finds, while proving a commercial connection of the two provinces of the for-mer Illyricum, are also indicative of an enlargement of the distribution area of PSW as traditionally defined. In fact, the

distribution of these wares is mostly focused to the west into Noricum, to the north and along the Danube, as well as to the south-east (Moesia, Dacia and Barbaricum) of their main production areas5.

5 http://www2.rgzm.de/Transformation/Magyarorszag/Glanztonware/GlanztonwareEnglisch.htm , 15.9.2016.

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SAŽETAK

PANONSKA KERAMIKA S PREMAZOM U DALMACIJI

U radu se donose stari i novi nalazi te nove atribucije objavljenog materijala, panonske keramike s premazom u provinciji Dalmaciji. Ova je keramička vrsta u Dalmaciji prvi put primijećena unutar materijala iz luke Aenone u Zatonu (Brusić 2006, Gregl 2009), no u posljednjim je godinama sve češći nalaz duž istočne obale Jadrana i na otocima.

Panonska keramika s premazom u Dalmaciji javlja se s tri tipa zdjelica, a prisutni su i nalazi tanjura, no njihov točan tip zbog veli-čine ulomaka nije bilo moguće identificirati.

S obzirom na koncentraciju nalaza na sjevernom Jadranu (Kvarner), moguće je pret-postaviti važnost Senie u distribuciji ovoga materijala, kao glavnog sjecišta kopnenih i morskih putova ovoga područja. Modaliteti distribucije u južni dio provincije još uvijek ostaju upitnima, pa se tako pretpostavljaju distribucija iz pravca Senja i distribucija posredstvom luka Salone ili Narone, koje su također imale cestovne veze s unutrašnjošću.

Distribucija ove keramike vremenski je ograničena na 2. st. po. Kr. iako na njezinu izvornom području - južnoj Panoniji - proi-zvodnja traje znatno duže, smještajući se tako u razdoblje kada na Jadranu prestaju pristizati italski proizvodi i započinje uvoz istočnomedi-teranskog i sjevernoafričkoga finoga stolnoga posuđa.