[YRC] Giải pháp phát triển cây quế huyện Văn Yên - Tỉnh Yên Bái

7/23/2019 [YRC] Gii php pht trin cy qu huyn Vn Yn - Tnh Yn Bi

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O NBE FH Q E VEV_MN B DH MNEB VDMN

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Hmn vrmd vdjc f Hwh vdb

Xbmd qbm mndbm hw ldej dh Vrmn b dh Mneb vdmn ?0:?

Vm hmn vrmd;

Nbb pdp Pdv vrbm om qmn h zwDwm Qm RmVmd Rm Ob

Mdc mnmd; LF8

D Mb) vdmn 6%?0:?


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CH IH

FJMD CH DMD) OMN OBW) X --------------------------------------------------------------

IB MB W --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :HDMN B; CV X I IWM HDWMNQ PDV V_BM OM QMN --------------------- 6B- Ldb mbc pdv vrbm om qmn------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6BB- Mb fwmn h om hj Pdv vrbm om qmn------------------------------------------------------------------ 1

:-Pdv vrbm om qmn lbmd v ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ >?-Pdv vrbm om qmn t db-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 48-Pdv vrbm om qmn cb vrmn;--------------------------------------------------------------------------- :0

BBB- Cv x mnwm vh Pdv vrbm om qmn -------------------------------------------------------------------- ::BQ- Hh mdm v vh mn m Pdv vrbm om qmn --------------------------------------------------------- :6

:-Mdc hh mdm v lbmd v -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :6

?-Mdc hh mdm v pdb lbmd v -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :1Q- Cv x hd vbw md nb Pdv vrbm om qmn ------------------------------------------------------------- :1

:-Mdc hh hd vbw q lbmd v -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :1?-Mdc hd vbw q t db --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :>8-Mdc hd vbw q cb vrmn ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :2

HDMN BB; VDH V_MN PDV V_BM OM QMN HR ZW DWRM QM RMVMD RM OB------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ?0B- Ldb zwv hdwmn q h zw q Vd vrmn hh xm pdc v zw vrm Vd nbb --------- ?0

:-Ldb zwv hdwmn q h zw --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ?0?-Hwmn q hw q hh xm pdc v h zw vrm vd vrmn Vd nbb------------------------- ?:

BB-H zw Qm Rm q hh w v h om hde x pdv vrbm om qmn h zw QmRm --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ?8

:-Hh w v h om hde x pdv vrbm om qmn h zw Qm Rm --------------------------- ?8:-:- Q vr j i) j dmd q hh bw lbm v mdbm-------------------------------------------- ?8:-?- Mnwm mdm ih------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ?6:-8- Hdmd xhd hj j pdmn-------------------------------------------------------------------------- ?6

?-H zw Qm m q cv x xm pdc v zw Qm Rm----------------------------------------- ?7?-:- H zw Qm Rm ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ?7?-? Cv x xm pdc v zw Qm Rm------------------------------------------------------------------- ?1

?-?-: Xm pdc Zw q ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ?1

?-?-? Xm pdc Vbmd fw zw --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ?>BBB- Vdh vrmn pdv vrbm om qmn h zw Qm Rm ------------------------------------------------ ?>

:-Om qmn lbmd v-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ?>:-:Zw c lbmd v;---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ?>

:-:-:Zw c qmn vrmn mnwm ibw --------------------------------------------------------------- ?>:-:-?Zw c qmn xm twv) hd obm q lbmd fejmd ---------------------------------------- ?2

:-?H hw lbmd v------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8?:-?-:Hdwm fhd h hw lbmd v---------------------------------------------------------------------- 8?:-?-?mn fmn ldej dh l vdwv-------------------------------------------------------------------- 86

?-Om qmn t db--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 87

?-:Vdh vrmn qm ije mn qbh ic-------------------------------------------------------------- 87


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?-?Vdh vrmn hb vdbm hwh xmn mnb fm q tj b nbc mnde ------------------ 81?-8Vdh vrmn qm qm dj t db q oe vm) pdv dw mdmn nb vr vrwmvdmn------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8>?-6Vdh vrmn pdv vrbm mnwm ih hem mnb ---------------------------------------------------- 84

?-6-:Nbe fh q e ve -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 84?-6-?Hmn vh v hmn mn-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 82

8-Om qmn Cb vrmn ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 828-:Vdh vrmn x fmn q ldjb vdh vb mnwm vdbm mdbm qmn mnwm ibw ------ 828-?Vdh vrmn oe q q vb ve vb mnwm cb vrmn--------------------------------------- 828-8Vdh vrmn x fmn dj hdv h db q hmn vh t i pd vdb--------------------- 6:

BQ-Cv x dm hd vremn vdh vrmn pdv vrbm om qmn h zw Qm Rm --------------- 6::-Q lbmd v ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6:

:-:Mnwm ibw vb qmn vrmn zw hdj h x fmn vrbv ---------------------------- 6::-?Xm pdc v zw cb hd i xm pdc mnwm ibw vd------------------------------------ 6?

:-8Dmd vdh twv ldw hm mdbw dm hd---------------------------------------------------------- 6?:-6mn fmn ldej dh l vdwv hdj hje ------------------------------------------------------------ 68

?-Q t db ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 68?-:Ije mn qbh icvdge vdb q) ldmn h vmd m md ----------------------------------- 68?-?Hdv imn ije mn vdp------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 66?-8Ov omd mn vremn vdw mdp------------------------------------------------------------------------- 67?-6Mdm vdh q vc mdm hj mnb fm hm mdbw dm hd------------------------------- 61

8-Q cb vrmn ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 618-:Ldb vdb hmn mndbp hdj h t i vrbv ---------------------------------------------- 618-?L dehd pdv vrbm vb mnwm rmn q vrmn cb rmn mnwm ibw v lv

zw vdp -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 61HDMN BBB; CV X NBB PDP PDV V_BM OM QMN HR ZW DWRMQM RM VMD RM OB ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 64B- Zwjm bc ch vbw hdbm ih Pdv vrbm om qmn h zw Qm Rm -------------- 64BB- Cv x nbb pdp Pdv vrbm om qmn h zw Qm Rm ------------------------------------------------ 70

:-Mdc nbb pdp lbmd v ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 70:-:Vdw dv qm w v qe j pdmn---------------------------------------------------------------- 70:-?C rmn zw dehd qmn vrmn mnwm ibw---------------------------------------------------- 70:-8C rmn dev mn xm twv hd obm hh xm pdc v zw---------------------------- 7::-6Vmn hmn ld mmn mn fmn ldej dh hmn mnd ------------------------------------- 7?

:-7 Vmn hmn dev mn twv ldw vrhvbp -------------------------------------------------------- 78:-1T fmn ldb ibm lv mnmd vb j pdmn-------------------------------------------------- 76

?- Md c n bb pd p t d b ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 77?-:Mmn hje hdv imn mnwm ije mn) hdmd xhd vdw dv ije mn-------------- 77?-?Nbb pdp mmn hje fm vr; -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 77

8-Mdc nbb pdp vb mnwm cb vrmn --------------------------------------------------------------- 718-:-T i ldb vdb ldw hmn mndbp ------------------------------------------------------------------- 718-?Oe q q pdv vrbm vb mnwm rmn; ------------------------------------------------------------ 7>


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FJMD CH DMD) OMN OBW) X

Dmd :; Cb zwjm d nbj pdv vrbm lbmd v) t db q cb vrmn------------------------------------- >

Omn :;Hd vbw dj dh hj cv x ieb zw vrm Vd nbb---------------------------------------------- ?:

Omn ?;Ldb imn q nb vr mdp ldw omd zwm%mc cv dmn zw vrm Vd nbb nbjb

em ?00: ?0:0- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ??

Omn 8;Fbm vhd vrmn zw Dwm Qm Rm nbjb em ?001#?0:0- $m q; dj" ------------- ?4

Omn 6;X ih lv zw dev mn xm twv lbmd fejmd HV VMDD VC XT TML v

Vdmd mc ?002 q ?0:0- $m q; QMF" ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 8:

Omn 7;Xm imn twv ldw zw nbjb em ?007 ?0:0- $m q; Vm" -------------------------- 8?

Omn 1; Nb vr xm twv hh mnmd lbmd v dwm Qm Rm nbjb em ?00> #?0:0- ------------ 88Obw :;V vrmn hh mh twv ldw zw vdge ldb imn twv ldw q nb vr twv ldw

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ?8

Obw ?;V vrmn xm imn xm twv hj hh vdmd pdm lbmd v vremn vmn xm imn

xm pdc xm twv v zw mc ?0::--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ?2

Obw 8;V vrmn hhmnmd lbmd v vremn Vmn NVXT D-Qm Rm ?00> # ?0:0 ---------- 88

Obw 6; V vrmn ije mn h qbh ic vremn vmn x ije mn q V i vdv mndbp

Dwm Qm Rm nbjb em ?00> ?0:0- -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 87Obw 7;VMOZ ije mn vb hh fejmd mndbp vb j pdmn q VMOZ ije mn vb hh

md c vbmd fw zw ?00> ?0:0- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 81

Obw 1; hdg pd rmn q hdg pd rmn zw vremn vmn fbm vhd rmn hdg pd

Dwm Qm Rm mc ?0::----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 60

FJMD CH HH L DBW) HH V QBV VV

PVOQ Pdv vrbm om qmn

TL Twv ldw

ML Mdp ldw

DVT Dp vh t

HMDDD Hmn mndbp dj Dbm b dj

Hv VMDD Hmn v vrhd mdbc dw dm

VC Vdmn cbXT Xm twv


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IB MB W

Vremn ldemn c hdh mc vr ib ) Qbv Mjc h obv m rmn rb

vrm vd nbb md xm twv q twv ldw hhcv dmn h vrmn hj cbm mdbv b

mmn c- Cv vremn x mdmn cv dmn h vrmn pdb l m cv dmn zw- V

tj tj) h zw h tgc i cv ieb i qv zw nb h cjmn b vbm hmn q

fmn im hh oh qwj hdj pdemn lbm- Vremn fm nbjm) zwh heb i cv vremn

om v b vdwh zw i xc mdwmnzw #pd- Hde m mn mj) zw qm

nb mnwm h nb vr j hmn fmn hj m- Dm vd mj) ldb mdw hw q cv dmn

m vrm vd nbb mn hmn vmn) vdmn cb lbmd v zwh v q db mdp lbmd v vdnbb mn hmn cmd) zw vr vdmd cv cv dmn twv ldw h nb vr hje dm

dm xe qb cv x xm pdc mmn ic mndbp ldh-

Zw i cv ieb h h obv ob m hd h vd xbmd vrmn q pdv vrbm vremn

cv bw lbm vd mdmn q ld dw mdv md- Ldmn pdb v mh me) qmn v

me h mdw hw i h vd vrmn ieb h m- Q mm) mdmn v mh h bw lbm

v mdbm pd dp qb x xbmd vrmn hj h zw h vd mb i h ib vd vwv b q

xm pdc m xe qb hh mh ldh- Fe nb h cv dmn zw rv hje q dbw zw

hj mnmd xm twv hd obm zw hje dm rv mdbw xe qb hh xm pdc ldh hmn

mnmd- Qbv Mjc cv vremn x v mdmn v mh mdbv b mmn c vrm vd nbb h

bw lbm v mdbm q ld dw vrb pd hde x xbmd vrmn q pdv vrbm hj h zw-

H zw Qbv Mjc h vrmn vp vrwmn hh qmn md Qm Rm $Rm Ob") Vr

C Vr Omn $Zwmn Mjc") Vdmn Twm $Vdjmd Dj") Zwmn Ic $Zwmn

Mbmd" qb xm imn hd w vdwh qmn zw Qm Rm hj vmd Rm Ob-

V rv iw mj) Dwm Qm Rm mb vbmn qb hh xm pdc v h zw q

vrm vd vrmn vremn q mneb mh- Tv q x imn) zw Qm Rm mn w vremn

hh j pdmn vrmn zw fbm vhd dm :7 mnm dj zw- Tv q hdv imn q xm

imn vbmd fw) zw Qm Rm h tp vd djb vem zwh) xjw zw Vr C hj vmd

Zwmn Mjc # Mmn- Hde m dbm mj) vdw mdp v vrmn q ldjb vdh h zw

vr vdmd cv mdm v zwjm vrmn nbp vdj b hwh xmn hj mdmn mnb fm


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mb ) h obv i mn oe fm vh qmn hje) qmn xw) qmn tj hj j pdmn-

Vw mdbm) vdh v hde vd mdmn nb vr qm hdj vdh x tmn qb vbc mmn

qm h hj h zw Qm Rm- Cv x w bc hm vm vb i fbm vhd vrmn vrm

ijm< hdv imn ldmn mn w< vdw cwj) xm twv) lbmd fejmd hm cjmd cm< xm

pdc vbmd fw vd cb hd x ldjb qbh twv ldw xjmn vd vrmn Vrwmn Zwh qb

nb vr twv ldw vdp< hdj hd vrmn m qbh zwmn o xm pdc xjmn hh vd

vrmn vbc mmn

Qb cemn cwm gc ib cv hb mdm vmn zwv q hhxm pdc v h zw

q vdh vrmn vrmn) xm twv) hd obm) lbmd fejmd hh xm pdc v zw) mn vdb

j rj cv xnbb pdp pdv vrbm om qmnhde qbh pdv dw vb j vbc mmn v

zw Qm Rm mdc ch vbw mmn hje mn fmn hmn mnd ldej dh qe qbh xm

twv hd obm q fw vr mnwm ngm zw) vmn vrmn lbmd v j pdmn) tj b

nbc mnde) hb vdbm vdw mdp mnb fm) c oe hmn omn t db) pdv vrbm hem

mnb q oe q cb vrmn) vb mndbm hwNbb pdp pdv vrbm om qmn hde

h zwDwm Qm Rm Vmd Rm Ob h rj b-

vb mndbm hw vdh dbm mdmn ch vbw mndbm hw xjw - Vd mdv;ic rhh ldb mbc dh vdwv ibm zwjm m qm pdv vrbm om qmn< Vd djb; pdm vhd q

md nb vdh vrmn pdv vrbm om qmn hj h zw Dwm Qm Rm Vmd Rm Ob< Vd

oj; twv mdmn nbb pdp h vd hde x pdv vrbm om qmn hj h zw Dwm Qm Rm

Vmd Rm Ob-

vb mndbm hw h qbv fj vrm mdmn vdmn vbm vd hp q pdv vrbm

om qmn) hh mnwm vh q d vdmn hd vbw md nb x pdv vrbm m- Om hmd

) pdm pdm vhd vdh vrmn x fmn hd w vdmn vbm vd hp fe h bc mnmdzw j pdmn hm mem vr q hdj h hd vrmn w v) bw vrj q vdw vdp x

ibw zwj hh mc- Hh vdmn vbm q i vdwv q vb ibw vdw h h pdm vhd)

vmn dp) vdmn l) xe xmd) xw iwm ienbh q ldb zwv j rj vdh vrmn pdv

vrbm vrbm om qmn h zw Qm Rm- V ) j rj mdmn nbb pdp hde hdbm

ih pdv vrbm om qmn) iw fb hde zw Qm Rm vb jpdmn-


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b vmn vrmn vc hj hmn vrmd mndbm hw i x pdv vrbm om qmn hj

h zw Qm Rm tej zwjmd hh ch vbw pdv vrbm om qmn hj j pdmn ibm

zwjm m hh qm hv ib md lbmd v) t db) qm dj) cb vrmn-

Mneb pdm ch ih)c w ) lv iwm q pd ih) ob mndbm hw h hdbj

vdmd oj hdmn;

Hdmn B; Cv x i iwm hdwmn q pdv vrbm om qmn

Hdmn BB;Vdh vrmn pdv vrbm om qmn h zw Dwm Qm Rm Vmd

Rm Ob

Hdmn BBB; Cv x nbb pdp pdv vrbm om qmn h zw Dwm Qm Rm Vmd Rm Ob-


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HDMN B

CV X I IWM HDWMN Q PDV V_BM OM QMN

B-Ldb mbc pdv vrbm om qmnVdwv mn Pdv vrbm om qmn i vdwv mn twv dbm vrm 60 mc mj

q mn hmn h dem vdbm dm vremn hdbm ih vem hw nbb zwv hh qm

lbmd v) cb vrmn q t db-

Mc :2>?) vb Xvehldeic) Vd bm) Db mnd Ibm dp zwh q hem mnb

q cb vrmn h heb i h zw c vem hw w vbm qb x np cv hj ::8 zwh

nbj h v hdh mdc tgc tv x md dmn hj hh dev mn hj hem mnb

vb cb vrmn q j rj mdmn mn ib nbb zwv hdwmn hde qm cb vrmn-

Db mnd ldmn md qbh hh zwh nbj hd vrmn hb vdbm hwh xmn) h obv i

cb vrmn xmn hde mdm fm i dv xh hm vdbv) mn vdbDb mnd hmn rj vwm

o q ?1 mnwm vh c oe hde x PVOQ qb mdm vdh cbrmn oe q q hb

vdbm cb vrmn i qm zwjm vrmn) vh mn m dmd pdh cb mnb q pdv

vrbm lbmd v vrm vem vd nbb\:S

- Vw mdbm) vwm o q mdmn mnwm vh c oepdv vrbm om qmn mw vrm cb hd hp m cb vrmn c hdj hp m hh

qm ldh hj PVOQ-

Mc :246) b db mn Ibm dbp zwh mdbc hde o Nre Djrigc

Orwmfvijmf) ldb iVd vmn Mj W) zwm vdmd ip q ic hd vhd ojm

Cb vrmn q Pdv vrbm Vd nbb $^erif Heccbxxbem em Gmqbremcgmv jmf

Fgqgiepcgmv # ^HGF") mj hm h obv m qb vm ojm Orwmfvijmf- Dev

mn hj ojm m vr mm mmn omn dm ldb oe he Vmn ijb hdwmn hj

hdmn vj $Ewr Heccem Awvwrg" h twv om q im w vbm hmn o hdmd vdh

vdwv mn PVOQ cv ldb mbc hmn md cv hb mdm cb nbp hde hh zwh nbj

dehd md l dehd pdv vrbm iw fb- Vdge ojm Orwmfvijmf) vdwv mn PVOQ

h md mndj i x pdv vrbm h vd p mn h mdmnmdw hwhj mn

dc mj c ldmn md dmn) vm db m mdmn ld mmn p mn mdmn mdw hw

hj hh vd d vmn ijb\?S

- md mndj vrm ldb zwv cv hhd hdwmn mdv ch
http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_h%E1%BB%99i_%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng_Li%C3%AAn_hi%E1%BB%87p_qu%E1%BB%91chttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_h%E1%BB%99i_%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng_Li%C3%AAn_hi%E1%BB%87p_qu%E1%BB%91chttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gro_Harlem_Brundtland&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gro_Harlem_Brundtland&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gro_Harlem_Brundtland&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BB%A7_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bng_Na_Uy&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BB%A7_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bng_Na_Uy&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BB%A7_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bng_Na_Uy&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gro_Harlem_Brundtland&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gro_Harlem_Brundtland&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gro_Harlem_Brundtland&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_h%E1%BB%99i_%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng_Li%C3%AAn_hi%E1%BB%87p_qu%E1%BB%91c


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vbw hj x PVOQ) i ld mmn pdv vrbm lbmd v iw fb q ldmn n rj mdmn

md dmn vbw hh m ib hd hj hh imd qh ldh vremn b xmn hem mnb)

hmn md ib hd hj vd d vmn ijb- Mb hhd ldh) h vd dbw PVOQ pdb oe

c h x pdv vrbm lbmd v dbw zw) t db hmn omn) vb mnwm vdbm mdbm

q cb vrmn h oe q) nm nb-

Xjw ) mc :22?) vb _be fg Kjmgbre) hh b obw vdjc nbj Db mnd q Cb

vrmn q Pdv vrbm $Db mnd _be" hjIbm dbp zwh th mdm ib ldb mbc

vrm q nb b cv vdmn bp r rmn vb vv h hh hp hj hh hdmd pdq x

hp ohd vremn qbh cmd x dj dp lbmd v) pdv vrbm t db hmn qb oe q

cb vrmn h vm Hdmn vrmd mnd x ?: $Jngmfj ?:" \:S- Hdmn vrmd twv

rmn hem mnb h vd nbc vdbw h b mnde ldb hde hem mnb zwm h x

fmn vb mnwm d hm pdh q hwh xmn hj hdmd d-

Cb mc xjw Db mnd _be) mc ?00?) vb Db mnd vdmn md Vd nbb

q Pdv vrbm om qmn $hm nb i Db mnd _be ,:0 djDb mnd vdmn md

Kedjmmgxowrn") hh mh mnb ib q hmn mdjw mdm ib zw vrmd vdh dbm

Hdmn vrmd mnd x ?: q vbp vh dem vdbm qb hh ch vbw h w vbm-Mdmn ch vbw m oje nc tj b nbc mnde) pdv vrbm mdmn xm pdc vb

xbmd deh vdm vdbm qb cb vrmn)oe q q zwm i hh mnwm vb mnwm vdbm

mdbm cv hhd dbw zw- Om hmd ) Db mnd hmn hp vb hd vem hw

dj nm qb hh qm ibm zwjm vb xh ldg q pdv vrbm-

Vb Qbv Mjc) PVOQ vr vdmd zwjm bc q mn ib hj mn q Md

Mh- Mnj v mdmn mc :22:) L dehd zwh nbj q cb vrmn q pdv vrbm

om qmn nbjb em :22: ?000 h ojm dmd ve vbm hde zw vrmd PVOQ

Qbv Mjc- Zwjm bc PVOQ h ldmn md vremn Hd vd 81%HV#V^ mn

?7%1%:224 hj O Hdmd vr q vmn hmn hmn vh oe q cb vrmn vremn vdb l

HMD#DD v mh- Om hmd ) zwjm bc PVOQ h vb ldmn md vremn

hh qm lbm hj b db b obw vem zwh im vd BT hj mn hmn xm Qbv

Mjc q vremn hdbm ih pdv vrbm lbmd v t db nbjb em mc ?00: ?0:0 i

pdv vrbm mdjmd) dbw zw q om qmn) vmn vrmn lbmd v b b qb vdh dbm
http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeirohttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeirohttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%AAn_hi%E1%BB%87p_qu%E1%BB%91chttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%AAn_hi%E1%BB%87p_qu%E1%BB%91chttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%AAn_hi%E1%BB%87p_qu%E1%BB%91chttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%ADnh_ph%E1%BB%A7http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%ADnh_ph%E1%BB%A7http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%ADnh_ph%E1%BB%A7http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BB%99i_ngh%E1%BB%8B_th%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_%C4%91%E1%BB%89nh_Johannesburg&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BB%99i_ngh%E1%BB%8B_th%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_%C4%91%E1%BB%89nh_Johannesburg&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BB%99i_ngh%E1%BB%8B_th%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_%C4%91%E1%BB%89nh_Johannesburg&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/To%C3%A0n_c%E1%BA%A7u_h%C3%B3ahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/To%C3%A0n_c%E1%BA%A7u_h%C3%B3ahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/To%C3%A0n_c%E1%BA%A7u_h%C3%B3ahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/To%C3%A0n_c%E1%BA%A7u_h%C3%B3ahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/To%C3%A0n_c%E1%BA%A7u_h%C3%B3ahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/To%C3%A0n_c%E1%BA%A7u_h%C3%B3ahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BB%99i_ngh%E1%BB%8B_th%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_%C4%91%E1%BB%89nh_Johannesburg&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BB%99i_ngh%E1%BB%8B_th%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_%C4%91%E1%BB%89nh_Johannesburg&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BB%99i_ngh%E1%BB%8B_th%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_%C4%91%E1%BB%89nh_Johannesburg&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%ADnh_ph%E1%BB%A7http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%AAn_hi%E1%BB%87p_qu%E1%BB%91chttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro


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vbm o) hmnomn t db q oe q cb vrmn q pdv vrbm lbmd v # t db nm

hdv qb oe q q hb vdbm cb vrmn) oe c x db dj nbj cb vrmn mdm

ve qb cb vrmn vdbm mdbm) nm nb j fmn xbmd dh- Dm vd mj) vdh dbm

ch vbw PVOQ md Mnd zwv hj mn rj) mn :>%4%?006 md dmn

Hdbm ih Pdv vrbm om qmn Qbv Mjc vdge Hdmn vrmd mnd x ?: hj

Qbv Mjc h Hdmd pd pd fwv q vrbm ldjb vb hh j pdmn vrm h

mh-\8SHde m vdb bc m) Hdmn vrmd mnd x ?: hj Qbv Mjc pdv dw

mdmn dbw zw lbmd v # t db oe q cb vrmn mn l hde ch vbw PVOQ

hj v mh-

BB- Mb fwmn h om hj Pdv vrbm om qmnMc ?00?) Db mnd vdmn md vd nbb q qm \8S md fw x c

rmn hj md mndj vbw hdwm qb oj bc hdmd hj PVOQ i; lbmd v) t db) cb

vrmn- PVOQ i zw vrmd pdv vrbm h x lv dp hdv hd) dp i) db dj nbj oj

cv hj x pdv vrbm oje nc hh ch vbw;

Ch vbw lbmd v # h obv i vmn vrmn lbmd v) h hw lbmd v) dbw zwlbmd v) m md lbmd v-

Ch vbw t db h obv i qm qbh ic) vbm o) hmn omn t db) jmmbmd zwh pdmn) nbe fh) v) qm dj fm vh q xbmd dev hmn mn-

Ch vbw cb vrmn h obv i pdh db q hb vdbm hdv imn cbvrmn) x fmn dp i hh mnwm vb mnwm h vd vb ve q oe vm hh vb mnwm

ldmn vb ve h-


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Dmd :;

Cb zwjm d nbj pdv vrbm lb md v) t db q cb vrmn

Mnwm; Nbe vrmd Lbmd v pdv vrbm- MTO; b dh lbmd v zwh fm ?004\6S

:- Pdv vrbm om qmn lbmd vPdv vrbm om qmn q lbmd v oje nc mdmn mb fwmn hdmd md; fw vr

lbmd v mdjmd q m md vrm h x mmn hje dbw zw) dc imn) ldej dh hmn

mnd q x fmn vbv lbc vb mnwm cb vrmn q hb vdbm cb vrmn< vdj b

c dmd q hmn mnd xm twv vdge dmn xhd dm q vdm vdbm qb cb vrmnS- Vw mdbm) e imn pdv

vrbm lbmd v pdb h vd dbm h imn q hdv- Vremn ) imn h


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obw dbm omn x vmn im vremn zw c xm imn q hdv h obw dbm zwj x

hdwm fhd h hw lbmd v dj ld mmn mn fmn ldej dh hmn mnd dbm b qe

hh mnmd xm twv-

Hdwm fhd h hw lbmd v;H hw lbmd v pdm md pdmn vdh hem mnb

x fmn hh mnwm ih hj v mdbm ic rj hj hb qv hdv \1S- Hdwm fhd h

hw lbmd v i x fb hdwm hh mnwm ih hj t db nbj hh ldw qh lbmd v; mmn

mndbp) hmn mndbp q fhd q- Tw vd fhd hdwm pdb fbm rj hmn hdbw qb

tw vd ldhd zwjm cjmn vmd vdb b q pdb mn np hde x vmn vrmn lbmd v-

H vd) b mmlbmd v Qbv Mjc mb hdwmn) tw dmn m i hdwm fhd mm lbmd

v fj qe mmn mndbp i hd w xjmn mm lbmd v fj qe hmn mndbp q fhd qh hmn mnd dbm b- bw m h obw dbm omn nb vr xm twv hj ije mn

vremn mmn mndbp nbc twmn) hmn mndbp q fhd q vmn im) mn vdb p fmn

vrbv vbm o ldej dh l vdwv vremn vdb l HMD#DD-

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q nbb zwv hh qm t db c zwjm vrmn mdv i hb vdbm hwh xmn hj mnbfm) tj b nbc mnde) pdm pdb vdw mdp< mdc hd vbw q xh ldg q v

hmn mn) mdc hd vbw q nbe fh e ve) mdc hd vbw q qm dj t db- Vw

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vdmn hd vbw m h vdh pdm hdbj vdmd mdmn mdc hd vbw md- H vd

md xjw;

Mdc hd vbw q ije mn qbh ic; Ije mn qbh ic iwm i cv qm

mmn omn qb t db mb hdwmn- Ije mn qbh ic h xh md dmn zwjm vrmn

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hdv imn ije mn pdh q zw vrmd hdwm fhd h hw lbmd v i rv oh vdbv-

Om hmd ) qm nbb zwv qbh ic hde mnb ije mn) h obv i ije mn) i

q hmn oh vdbv- Fe ) hh hd vbw md nb q qm ve rj vdc mdbw hmn m

qbh ic hde mnb ije mn) v i vdv mndbp j pdmn) vrmd fm vr q vrmd


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ije mn) hdv imn) vj mnd ije mn i mdmn vbw hd h x fmn md

nb vremn mdc hd vbw m-

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h zwjm vc mdbw mdv v mdmn mnb zwm i q dehd md hdmd xhd- PVOQ

vrh vbm pdb c oe mmn hje q hb vdbm hwh xmn hj mnb fm j pdmn

q h qv hdv q vbmd vdm) ve mnwm vdw mdp nbp tj b nbc mnde) vmn v i

d ld nb) vbp m i nbc ldemn hhd vremn pdm pdb vdw mdp) vdw dp ldemn

hhd nbw mnde q ve bw lbm hde qbh vdh dbm hmn omn t db- Fe ) hd

vbw m oje nc h md nb zwj mdmn vbw hd md vdw mdp omd zwm w

mnb) v i tj b nbc mnde dj x imn d mnde q hm mnde-

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vdmn; Qm dj t db oje nb hmn i cv mdm v zwjm vrmn vremn pdv vrbm hmn

mn- Hh dev mn qm dj t db vb Qbv Mjcfbm rj hd w vremn hmn mn

xbmd xmnhj mnb fm nm o iw b qb mdjw- Fe q) qbh t fmn qm dj

hmn mn qm cbmd) dbm b iwm iwm h xh md dmn im ije- bw ldmnhd h vd dbm omn mdmn dev mn xbmd dev qm dj) x vbp hm qb hmn

mnd qm dj dbm b qm cbmd c hm vd dbm vdh nb nm q pdv dw mdmn

mv p qm dj) mdmn pdemn vh vrwm vdmn hj j pdmn- PVOQ qm dj t

db oje nc hh hd vbw q xbmd dev qm j pdmn< ld mmn vbp hm qb vdmn

vbm vrwm vdmn dbm b md pdv vdjmd) vrwm dmd) bm vdeb q hh bw lbm h

x qv hdv hmn hmn md bm) mn q mdmn dev mn vbmd vdm mdc oe

vm om xh qm dj fm vh) qmn cbm) j pdmn-

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mnb) nbe fh q e ve) v q hdc xh x ldg hmn mn- Vremn ov h cv

t db fm hdme) hem mnb hmn pdb h c oe zwm hem mnb hj cmd-

i zwm v fe fm hd) v fe vm nbe) zwm h ow h q mb im vbmn mb

hj cmd t fmn q mn np hde hmn mn- Mneb rj) hem mnb pdb h

c oe mdmn bw lbm hm vdbv vremn qbh hdc xh xh ldg- h obv) qm


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m ib hmn vr mm hm vdbv b qb ldw qh h ldemn hhd j i tj mdmn ldw

vrwmn vc) qm b ib ld ldm) mnb fm hm hdj h vdh hje vremn qbh nb

nm q xbmd h mdm q hdc xh xh ldghmn mn- Fe q) hdc xh xh ldg

q v hmn mn oje nc hh hd vbw q hmn vh ldc hdj omd) dev mn

hdc xh oe q o c q vr gc) cmn ib hdc xh xh ldg q h x qv hdv

v v m q vmd) dwm m t) imn) om- Om hmd ) nbe fh q e ve i nh

r q mnm mnwm hj pdv vrbm hem mnb- X md nb PVOQ q nbe fh e ve

oje nc hh hd vbw h om md vmd dmd t fmn h x qv hdv hh hp dh) v i

pdm vrc nbe qbm nbmn f q dh xbmd vremn vwb b dh hh hp) x t h

hmn mdm tj c hd q pd hp nbe fh vbw dh) hdv imn f dh q e ve-

8- Mdc hd vbw q cb vrmnPdv vrbm lbmd v iwm iwm pdb b b qb qm oe q cb vrmn- PVOQ

mdv vdbv pdb ldmn n hh md dmn vbw hh) d deb cb vrmn xmn q n

dw zw tw hde vd d xjw- PVOQ q cb vrmn nm o cv vdbv qb mdbc q oe

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cb vrmn oje nc mdmn hd vbw md vmd dmd x fmn v jb) v i pdm vrc

fbm vhd rmn) hdg pd rmn) fbm vhd rmn ldjb vdh) vrmn cb) v i pdm vrc

v rmn q cb vrmn o vdbv db fe hh qm hj v mdbm q cb vrmn Om

hmd ) mdc hd vbw m hmn oje nc mdmn hd vbw vd dbm x vh mn hj

hem mnb vb cb vrmn md vmd dmd vmd dmd t i hdv vdb q dj hdv mdbc )

vmd dmd x fmn mnwm mmn imn xhd hmn md mdmn mnwm vb mnwm vb ve

h q ldmn vb ve h) vdh vrmn vb ve rmn q vc lbc mdmn mnwm mm n

imn cb


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HDMN BB

VDH V_MN PDV V_BM OM QMN HR ZW

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hc xw qe imn v) r omn jm rmn q jm hde qe mdjw mm h zw vdhd

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mb h fh vdeb v :0#?00) vmn v f) c) mdbw cm) mdmn pdb vdev mh)

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omd ?0#?70H) c omd zwm vrm 40'- Vw q) vb mdmn ldw qh m) zw

hmn hd h vd xbmd vrmn h cv x qmn mdv md- Fe ) ieb h m

vr vdmd cv ieb h h xm hj qmn mdbv b md Qbv Mjc) Xrbijmhj)

Bmfemgxbj) Vrwmn zwh) m ) Cjfjnjxthj--- Hdv imn hh ieb zw ldh mdjw

hj hh mh h xe xmd qb mdjw omn dc imn vbmd fw hdj vremn zw- Dc

imn hmn mdbw) hdv imn zw hmn vv-


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le) hdv md dmn- Vremn hmn mndbp dmn vbw fmn) zw h fmn ic

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zw ic dmn q h vrm qb hh qv ibw ldh xjw gc ic dmn- Dm vd

mj) vb cv x zwh nbj t imd h mnmd hdm mwb pdv vrbm) mnb vj hm fmn

zw vremn mnmd hd obm vdh m nbj xh-

?- Hwmn q hw q hh xm pdc v h zw vrm vd vrmn Vd nbbFe h vmd hd xbmd vrmn q pdv vrbm vremn cv x v mdmn qmn mdbv

b mm vd vrmn TL ML zw vrm vd nbb vr mm q hmn pdv vrbm- Vremn


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vdb nbjm nm ) hmn qb hh cv dmn ldh vremn vp em nbj q md d vbw)

nmn) vb cv dmn zw h tw dmn mn hmn vmn q hdbc cv vd pdm im-

Ldb imn ML cv dmn zw hj vem vd nbb jmn h tw dmn mn hmn vmn

q h ldb imn q nb vr-

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Qb tw dmn pdv vrbm hmn hdbw qb mdw hw ML) nb vr ML cv dmn

zw x hmn vmn mn) f oe hde cv imn hw q zw x qm vmn qb cv ch

nb m md- X ibw vdmn l mc ?0:: hj v hdh Bmvgrmjvbemji Vrjfg Hgmvrg hdevd nb hj cv dmn zw vremn ldemn :0 mc vr ib h mdbw obm mn vmn)

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dmn vmn cmd q m md) ve bw lbm vv hde x pdv vrbm mnmd vrmn) xm

twv) hd obm q twv mdp ldw zw hj hh mh-

Hh mh ML zw vrm vd nbb hd w vdwh mdc hh mh h mnmd hmn

mndbp c pdc) vdh pdc q dmn vbw fmn rv pdv vrbm qb hmn mnd l vdwv

xm twv dbm b- Vdge x ibw vdmn l hj Bmvgrmjvbemji Vrjfg Hgmvrg ?0:: \:0S)

C) m ) Cgtbhe i mdc hh mh fm w Vd nbb q imn ML cv dmn

zw- Vremn ldb mdw hw ML zw mn hmn nbj vmn ldmn mnmn) xm imn zw

twv ldw rj vd vrmn vd nbb dmn mc qm hd i cv hem x dw dm fe h

bc h vrmn q bw lbm v mdbm q xbmd vrmn hj ieb h m- Fe ) hh

mdc hh mh mdbv b md Xrbijmhj) Bmfemgxbj) Vrwmn Zwh) Qbv Mjc h tgc

i h ib vd vwv b q twv ldw zw xe qb hh mh ldh- Ch f h tgc i


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cv zwh nbj h hdv imn vbmd fw vremn hh xm pdc hj zw rv hje q mnwm

mnwm ibw fb fe) vw mdbm) vmn ldb imn TL hj Qbv Mjc hd hdbc 7' vmn

xm imn Vd nbb q hdbc ::' vmn nb vr TL xm pdc zw vrm Vd nbb- bw

v rj hde Qbv Mjc cv hw db im q qbh TL h zw vrh vbp xjmn hh mh

vrm Vd nbb q x pdvdw vb j vbc mmn TL hj hh qmn zw vrm h mh-

Obw :;

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twv ldw

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-

BB-H zw Qm Rm q hh w v h om hde x pdv vrbm om qmn h zwQm Rm

:- Hh w v h om hde x pdv vrbm om qmn h zw Qm Rm:-:- Q vr j i) j dmd q hh bw lbm v mdbm

Qm Rm mc pdj Oh hj vmd Rm Ob qb vmn fbm vhd v v mdbm

:82-:76):: dj- Vmn fbm vhd v ic mndbp hdbc >7)08'- Qmn vrmn zw hjQm Rm vdwh hh t qmn hje i j om xbmd xmn hj mnb Fje qb mnd vrmn

zw v iw b md Pdemn F Vdmn) Pdemn F D) Twm Vc) C Qmn) M

Dw) Zwjmn Cbmd) Qbm Xm q b Xm qb- Mb mc vremn qmn hdwm vbp

nbj qmn j dmd mb hje q qmn omn vdp qgm xmn Dmn lv dp qb lbw j

dmd imn cmn h ve vdmd v ? f mb P Iwmn q Hem Qeb) hje vrwmn

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fmn pdbm) i hh ieb pdemn dj dmd vdmd hh ieb v h vdmd pdm h


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nbb vrwmn omd m mmn- Q vr pdm o q bw lbm j dmd ve rj qmn ld dw

pd dp qb x xbmd vrmn) pdv vrbm hj h zw Qm Rm qb vmn imn cj

vrwmn omd vremn mc i v :-400 # ?-?00 cc%mc< mdbv vrwmn omd mc fje

mn v ??)7 # ?1)0 EH< c vrwmn omd v ld hje) v 40)7 # 41)0 '< vmn imn

oh db vrwmn omd mc v >00 # 200 cc%mc\4S-

Vremn ldb ) qmn hd obm q lbmd fejmd hh xm pdc v zw vp vrwmn hd

w vb vrwmn vc lbmd v) qm dj) hdmd vr) t db hj vem dwm i vd vrm Cw J

q hh t im hm- Qb q vr mc vrm vwm mn xv Rm Ob Ie Hjb) mn

vmd i Rm Ob Ldg Xjmn q mn hje vh Mb Ob Ie Hjb) mb i hw mb

lbmd v zwjm vrmn j xm pdc zw Qm Rm rj hh vd vrmn vbw vd- Dm vd

mj) vd vrm vrwmn vc m hm i j pdmn iwm ov lp x pdv vrbm hj v mh

vdb HMD#DD vdmn vbm) ve bw lbm hde qbh hp mdv vdmn vbm) l vdwv)

zwmn o) nbb vdbw xm pdc) nbje iw) nbje vdmn qb hh vd vrmn vremn q

mneb mh-

:-?-Mnwm mdm ihX ibw vdmn l \:8Shj hh mc zwj hde vd x m md vremn zw vrmd nbj

vmn fm x q obm b h hw fm x- Vdge mbm nbc vdmn l Dwm Qm Rmmc ?0::) fm x vrwmn omd m mc ?0:0 i ::>-?6? mnb- Fm x vremn vwb

ije mn hdbc 16)>'- Vremn ; x mnb h ld mmn ije mn i hdbc 24-2')

x mnb cv ld mmn ije mn hdbc ?-:'- Vremn pdm pdb mnwm ije mn) ije

mn jmn ic qbh vremn hh mnmd lbmd v hdbc 47)64' mdmn vremn h vb

27' ije mn ic qbh vremn ldw qh mmn ic mndbp- Vrmd ije mn

hd w i ije mn pd vdmn) hdj zwj e ve vj mnd- Omd zwm dmn mc) ih

imn ije mn hj dwm vmn vdc ldemn 7-000 ije mn- hmn h tgcmd cv bw lbm vdwm ib hde qbh pdv vrbm mnmd zw qb mdmn xm pdc vd

x md Qm Rm dbm vb-

:-8- Hdmd xhd hj j pdmnQ hdmd xhd hde qmn vrmn mnwm ibw) WOMF Dwm Qm Rm

twv mdmn dehd md q hdmd xhd d vr dbw zw hde mnb fm vrmn zw-

Qmn vrmn zw hdwm obv h zw dehd vb 4 t qmn hje mdc ldjb vdh vb j


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mdmn bw lbm v mdbm) v jb) vd mdmn) ld dw rbmn obv hde x xbmd vrmn

q pdv vrbm hj h zw c ldmn pdb qmn v me hmn h q pdh q hde ch

vbw PVOQ ieb h h obv m-

Q hdmd xhd hde qbh xm twv) hd obm q lbmd fejmd hh cv dmn v

zw Qm Rm) WOMF dwm Qm Rm j rj mdmn hdmd xhd d vr b qb hh

fejmd mndbp vb j pdmn- Hh md zwm i mn cv qjb vr zwjm vrmn hde qbh

vdmd ip Dbp db xm twv) lbmd fejmd) hd obm xm pdc zw q v hdh b db

xm twv) hd obm q lbmd fejmd zw nbp hde qbh md dmn) pdv vrbm q d vr

im mdjw nbj hh fejmd mndbp lbmd fejmd zw vb j pdmn-

Dm vd mj) omn mdmn m ih vremn qbh t fmn q vdh vdb f m th

ip zwm b qb hd fm j i fmn hde xm pdc zw h vrmn dwmQm

Rm) vmd Rm Ob) mn :%:0%?0:0) WOMF dwm Qm Rm hdmd vdh m mdm

qm omn Oe d hd fm j i Qm Rm hde xm pdc zw vdge Zwv md x

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h vmd hdv) hdv imn h vd hj xm pdc zw Qm Rm xe qb hh qmn zw

ldh- i hm h pdp i zwjm vrmn) iw fb) np pdm ic vmn nb vr hj xm

pdc zw) t fmn qmn zw Qm Rm h vdmn dbw vrm vd vrmn vremn mh

q zwh v-

?- H zw Qm m q cv x xm pdc v zw Qm Rm?-:- H zw Qm Rm

Zw Qm Rm hd w i ieb Hbmmjcecwc Hjxxbj Oiwcg) h h bc vdh

qv nbmn zw Vrwmn Zwh- Q cv hc zwjm) q zw Qm Rm h hh mv xm md)

om mneb h cw tjmd tc) om vremn iemn q zw h cw qmn mdv m qmn

xc- Q cv hdv imn) zw Qm Rm h x ldh obv r rmn xe qb zw hh qmn

ldh vdmn zwj hd vbw q hdv imn vbmd fw h obw dbm omn dc imn c

vdp $:6)01 :7)>6'") hd x ldh t hj vbmd fw q zw hje $:)10?7

:)1074mF?7") dc imn vbmd fw hje $6-84 1)0>q%~") dc imn Jifgdv

Hbmjcbh vremn vbmd fw hje $46 # 2? '"\4S

-


30/66

?1

Qmn zw Qm Rm h dmd vdmd v iw b mj q nm ibm qb hwh xmn

hj mnb Fje qmn hje Qm Rm- Mnb Fje mb hdw ld) hm h) nm o

qb h zw) mnd zw v iw b) fe mdmn lbmd mndbc vrmn zw h vrmn md

l vdwv hdm nbmn) vrmn h) hdc xh) vdw dehd) oe zwm hmn cjmn c om

xh qm dj ohem fm vh Fje \:?S-

?-? Cv x xm pdc v zw Qm Rm

H zw Qm Rm i ieb h h vm fmn v i) q m vdm h q r

h vr vdmd xm pdc dmn de h nb vr- H vd md; Q zw h nb dbm

vdb ldemn ?7 mndm mn%ln< vdm zw oh q b rb h /qjmd/ v 87 hc vr im

om h nb vrm cv vrbw mn%c8) hm ieb md om ic h hdmn vremn tfmn h nb v :7 m ?0 mndm mn%h- Hmd) mnm) i zw vm vdw ldb hdv

vj vdj q ldb d h oh q h nb om ?-700 mn%ln- Nb vbmd fw zw i dm

180 mndm mn%ln- Md q) cv h zw v q) vdm) hmd) i zwj hd obm w

vr vdmd dmn dj-

Tv vrm pdmn fbm rmn dm) hh xm pdc hd w v h zw Qm Rm

i; zw q q vbmd fw zw-

?-?-: Xm pdc Zw q

Xm pdc zw q Qm Rm xjw ldb pdb ld om mneb h cw tjmd tc) om

vremn h cw v qmn mdv) qmn xc m mw qmn) ldb mc h q rv hj xjw h

q mnv- Vdb nbjm vdw dehd zw q hj qmn zw Qm Rm vdmn h hdbj ic

djb q; q 8 q q 4 qb xm imn zw q vp vrwmn hd w qe q 8- Ldb vdw dehd

zw q) mnb fm p fmn hh pdmn vdh ldjb vdh vrmn $hdv h h vdw q

q i" q oh q zw omn hhd fmn fje xh ldejmd qmn vrm vdm zw) xjw fmn cv vdjmd vrg cmn vhd md q zw rj ldb vdm- Q zw xjw ldb vdw dehd

cjmn q h pdb ld v mdbm fb omn rc deh fb mmn mdv) vrmd mmn

nv q x o cv fw- Xjw ldb h hh m q vdw cwj) zw q h vbp vh pdb

ld q pdm ieb vdmd; zw H $7 mc vwb") zw O$7#:0 mc") zw J $:0# :7 mc"-

Hwb hmn) q zw h om vrh vbp rj vd vrmn deh h x hd vdmd mdmn

xm pdc hd w md; zw hd) zw oe) q zw lp omn pdmn pdp vd hmn-


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?>

Zw oe q zw hd h x hd q fmn ic vdwh vremn ldb zw lp h ic

hmn pdw ob mdmn mnd mdm vdmn om ch nb hje q x fmn vrmn o-

?-?-? Xm pdc Vbmd fw zwVbmd fw zw Qm Rm h dc imn Jifgdv Hbmmjcbh rv hje- i cv

xm pdc vbc mmn qb nb vr lbmd v hje h w v c ch l vdwv xm twv

ob d vdmn md c vbmd fw zw v mdm- Mnwm ibw xm twv vbmd fw zw i

vdm zw md) hmd) i zw h vm fmn v xjw cb q vdw dehd deh zw vrmd vj

hmd) vj i hde b zw- Ldh qb xm pdc zw q) xm pdc vbmd fw zw h xm

twv zwjmd mc md mnwm mnwm ibw f vr-

Pdmn vdh xm twv vbmd fw zw md xjw; mnwm ibw hmd) i zw h v ?0 ?7 mn) xjw mh qe mb xm twv hmn mndbp hje dm rmd 7 hc)

hde hmd) i zw qe mb rb mm hdv) mp- Mnwm ibw h wm ldemn 7:0

pdv) mh vremn mb xb q db mh cjmn vdge vbmd fw zw zwj mn fm db xjmn

omd mnmn) twmn d vdmn pdm i- Vb fe vbmd fw h v vrmn mmn dm mh

mm imn twmn omd- Vbp vdge ) vbmd fw zw xjw xm twv h mn vdmn

q om rj vd vrmn- Vd vrmn twv ldw hd w hj xm pdc vbmd fw zw Qm

Rm hd w i vd vrmn Vrwmn Zwh-

BBB- Vdh vrmn pdv vrbm om qmn h zw Qm Rm:- Om qmn lbmd v:-:Zw c lbmd v;:-:-:Zw c qmn vrmn mnwm ibw

Vb qmn rmn mb hje hj dwm Qm Rm) v vrmn zw vdmn i v rmn

d nbj md ldjb dejmn v iw b dj cv pdm v ldem hj md mh- Ldw qhm vdwh qmn rmn mb hje) tj vrwmn vc) j dmd) nbje vdmn dbc vr- Vb )

zw h vrmn vrm n) b qb vmn fbm vhd i :7?74-> dj) hdbc dm >0' vmn

fbm vhd v vrmn zw hj vem vmd Rm Ob) np 8 im fbm vhd qmn vrmn zw hj

qmn zw Vr C\:6S q np :0 im fbm vhd qmn zw Zwmn Mbmd \:7S- Fbm vhd

rmn zw rmn im md vrm ldbm hde qmn zw Qm Rm h cv imn mnwm ibw

im q fb fe) hdbc v vrmn im vremn xm imn zw hj v mh-


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?4

Omn 8;

Fbm vhd vrmn zw Dwm Qm Rm nbjb em ?001 #?0:0-

$m q; dj"

?001 ?00> ?004 ?002 ?0:0

Fbmvhd

Vrmncb

FbmVhd

Vrmncb

Fbmvhd

Vrmncb

Fbmvhd

Vrmncb

FbmVhd

Vrmncb

Vem Dwm :6412 :01?)6 :7?:7-8 271-? :7?87 ::7: :78>7 478 :7?74)> 117

Twm Vc :418)4 :>0 :461): :70 :4>:): :40 :421): :?7 :41:): 10

C Qmn :041)7 :87)2 :666)? :80 :62> :14)2 :700 >7 :68> :0

Pdemn FVdmn

:872): 2:): :8>7 :?0)7 :844 :88 :602)? :?:)? :828)6 4:)?

b Xm :81?-7 :06 :874)? 10): :8>8)? 10 :8>4)> 14)7 :84>)? :04-7

Pdemn F D :::8)7 77)7 ::7?)1 >0 ::1?-> 70 ::>8)1 18 ::44)1 >0

Qbm Xm 211)> ?7 :022)1 80 :02>)1 ?0 ::04): 87)7 ::0>): 86

M Dw 840)6 6> 816)? 4)? 618): :00 622)1 67 76?): 7>)7

Zwjmn Cbmd 806 :1 ?6?)? ?> ?64)? 80 ?>?)? 6> ?2?)? 60

Ldh 168?)7 6:>)2 1888)? 810)6 1:86): 604)4 1:8>)7 ?>?)4 1070 ?08)4

Mnwm;Mbm nbc vdmn l dwm Qm Rm mc ?0:0

H vd mdm vd qmn mnwm ibw vrmn zw iwm fw vr h vremn ldemn

vrm fb :7 mndm dj v ic mndbp - Vremn ) hh t zw dehd vrmn zw qmn

hje hdbc 10' vmn fbm vhd ) hm ib i fbm vhd vrmn hj cv x t qmn vdp

ldh md Demn Vdmn ) Twm b) Mn b J- Vw mdbm) mdm qe vmn fbm vhd vrmn

zw hj vmn t) h obv i djb t fm w vem dwm md Twm Vc q C Qmn)

h vd vd rmn) x vdj b vremn fbm vhd vrmn zw zwj hh mc i ldmn m

md- Mw md fbm vhd vrmn cb hj vem dwm mc ?004 v ::70)> dj vd m

mc ?002 i 478 dj q nbc twmn 117 dj mc ?0:0-

Vdge vdmn vbm h hmn o vrm vrjmn vdmn vbm bm v hdmd vdh hj zw

Qm Rm \:?S) xm imn zw q dmn mc twv rj vd vrmn hj j pdmn m i

ldemn 6000 # 7000 vm- Om hmd ) v mc ?004) ldb oj md c hdbv twv vbmd


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?2

fw zw im iv h t fmn q b qe dev mn) cb mc) qmn vrmn mnwm

ibw hwmn hp hde cb md c ldemn v 1000#4000 vm hmd i zw \:>S- Mw md

ldemn :0 mc vrh ) nb vr lbmd v vdw h hj mnb fm qmn mnwm ibw

hm op omd) vdc hd ldmn vc h w rj hde xm pdc vd m mdmn mc vr

ib ) h obv i vremn mc ?002 q ?0:0) nb vr lbmd v v qmn mnwm ibw zw

vmn im mn l- Mc ?004) nb cwj zw q vb hd ch :7#:4-000 mn%ln q

:000 mn%ln mnwm ibw zw hmd) zw i vd m mc ?0:0) ch nb m vmn

im ?7-000 mn%ln hde zw q q ?-700%ln hde mnwm ibw zw hmd)i \:>S- Vdge

) h zw Qm Rm cjmn ib nb vr lbmd v im m dmn hdh v mn hde mnb

fm qmn vrmn mnwm ibw zw-

:-:-?Zw c qmn xm twv) hd obm q lbmd fejmdQmn xm twv) hd obm q lbmd fejmd i hw mb zwjm vrmn j xm pdc

zw v qmn vrmn mnwm ibw rj vd vrmn vremn q mneb mh- Ldw qh xm twv)

hd obm q lbmd fejmd zw vp vrwmn hd w vb ldw qh vrwmn vc hh t q vd

vrm) mb bw lbm nbje vdmn q nbje vdmn vdwm ib) f fmn- Xjw zw vrmd vdw

cwj mnwm ibw) hh xm pdc vrm hd w h hd obm vdmd hh xm pdc zw

q vd dj hdbv twv vdmd vbmd fw q owm om rj vd vrmn zwj hh h x v mdmfb hh dmd vdh hd w md; D nbj md) Dp vh t xm twv) Fejmd mndbp v

mdm q Hmn v VMDD-

Obw ?;

V vrmn xm imn xm twv hj hh vd md pdm lbmd v vremnvmn xm imn xm p dc xm twv v zw mc ?0::-

Mnwm; Vmn dp x ibw x hp v pdmn qm \:>S-


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80

D nbj md

Dmd vdh xm twv lbmd fejmd D nbj md i dmd vdh lbmd fejmd hd w)

hdbc ldemn >0' x imn mdmn h x xm twv lbmd fejmd hh xm pdc v zwq owm om rj vd vrmn ldemn 7>' xm imn zw q Qm Rm q ?8' xm

imn vbmd fw- Dmd vdh m dev mn vdge cj q qb zw c md lde) xm pdb

md pdmn pdp ije mn dem vem vd hmn- Fe ) hdv imn q bw lbm oe

zwm xm pdc ldmn h dem vdbm m ch vb j- Vremn ldb ) nb om rj vd

vrmn dem vem pd vdwh qe mdw hw hj hh b vh- Vw mdbm) b qb ldw qh

mmn vdm cbm mb) vdw mdp v mdc dev mn m hmn np pdm mn l q e

qbh mmn hje hdv imn hwh xmn mnb fm-

Dp vh t

Dp vh t i cv vremn mdmn c dmd dev mn h j hdwmn vb ldw

qh mmn vdm- Vb qmn MVCM Qm Rm) c dmd m hmn dv xh pdv vrbm-

Vbw obw vremn x pdb l m DVT Zw Xm- Qb vmn fbm vhd cv omn v

nm ? dj qb d vdmn md lmd pdh q demn) pdb zw q d vdmn md lde mdc

c oe hdv imn xm pdc) DVT Zw Xm qb :0 t qbm q ?7#80 hmn mdmic qbh vdb q v ch fejmd vdw mc ?0:: i nm 2 v mn) mn np hde

mnm xhd md mh nm 670 vrbw mn \:>S- Hh DVT ldh lbmd fejmd cv dmn

zw q vw ldmn h h d vdmn h x qv hdv md Zw Xm mdmn hmn vdw

h cv ch fejmd vdw vmn b im) np pdm hb vdbm hwh xmn q t fmn

j pdmn-

Fejmdmndbp v mdm q HV VMDD

Fejmd mndbp v mdm q HV VMDD i mdmn dmd vdh dev mn h zw

c im mdv vremn imd qh xm twv q lbmd fejmd hh xm pdc v h zw- Fe )

dmd vdh m) h obv i HV VMDD b db qm w v mdbw dm) ld mmn p

fmn ldej dh l vdwv vv dm) hdwm cm mndbp q lbmd fejmd q cb zwjm d

qb vd vrmn om mneb hdv hd dm-


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8:

Hh FMVM vremn imd qh m hd w i mdmn d nbj md h lbmd

mndbc iw mc vremn lbmd fejmd zw hdwm b c dmd im dmd vdh fejmd

mndbp c rmn zw c dev mn- Vw mdbm) mb q zw c dev mn im mdv

vremn mnmd zw Qm Rm pdb l m c dmd HV VMDD- Vbw obw vremn ldw qh

m pdb l m HV VMDD VC XT TML v Vdmd vb t mn Hwmn- Qb vmn

fbm vhd 7 dj oje nc cv md c hdbv twv vbmd fw) d vdmn md lde nm

70-000c? q d vdmn xm ob) HV VMDD VC XT TML v Vdmd vr vdmd m

q xm twv vbmd fw zw im mdv Qm Rm qb vmn x qm w v im m ?0 v

mn- Vremn mdmn mc qj zwj) ib mdwm dmn mc hj hmn v ldmn mnmn

vmn- Dbm vb) Qm Rm h oj md c hmn ip v cv d vdmn xm twv md v

Vdmd qb c ch dbm b h mdp ldw v Vrwmn Zwh) nb vr im vb :0 v

mn) hmn xwv vdbv l ?00 vm%mc- H vd mb) x twv dbm hj hh md c vbmd

fw zw vdj b cv hhd vem fbm o cv hj mnmd zw Qm Rm-

Omn 6;

X ih lv zw dev mn xm twv lbmd fej md HV VMDD VC

XT TML v Vdmd mc ?002 q ?0:0 - $m q; QMF"

?002 ?0:0

Fejmd vdw vdwm :?)?70)?07)000 :2)2>?)100)000

Hdb pd vb hdmd >22)100):00 :)876)>48)000

Hdb pd zwm i lbmd fejmd 1:7)?:0)000 2:7)>7:)7>6

Vmn ib mdwm vrh vdw :)8::)?12)600 :)881)188)6?1

Vdw vdw mdp fejmd mndbp 0 :88)118)868

Ib mdwm xjw vdw :)8::)?12)600 :)?0?)2>0)048

Mnwm; Oe he vb hdmd HV VMDD VC XT TML v Vdmd mc ?0:0-

:-:-8Zw c twv ldwFe mmn ih dm hd hj ldw qh hmn mndbp hd obm) dw dv hh xm

pdc v zw vrm h mh mb hdwmn q zw Qm Rm mb rbmn w hd i xm pdc

vd) cb zwj x hd q mn nbvdge pdmn pdp dem vem vd hmn q h TL

rj vd vrmn mh mneb fb hh dmd vdh q hem mn ldh mdjw-


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8?

Omn 7;

Xm imn twv ldw zw nbjb em ?007 ?0:0- $m q; Vm"

Mc ?001 ?00> ?004 ?002 ?0:0

Xm pdc zw ?:0 :11 ?:: ?77 ?41

Vmn%nbc xe qb mc vrh #?:' ?>' ?0' :?'

Mnwm; Mbm nbc vdmn l vmd Rm Ob mc ?0:0

X ibw vdmn l omn vrm hde vd) xm imn twv ldw m vmn b m

md) ldmn h mdbw x vdj b im q nbje mn vremn ldemn vrm fb ?0 ' xe

qb mc vrh- Vw mdbm) hem x xm imn m ib i rv vdp xe qb vmn xm imnzw q $8000 6000 vm" q xm imn vbmd fw $?>0#800 vm" dmn mc- _ rmn)

xm imn TL md vrm dem vem ldmn tmn mn qb vbc mmn hj h zw Qm

Rm- Vb ) djb dmd vdh TL hd w i TL vrh vbp q TL vdh- Dmd vdh

TL vb hd zwj qbh owm om hde ldhd fw ihd j pdmn dw md ldmn h- TL

vrh vbp vdmn h p fmn hd w b qb xm pdc vbmd fw zw h xm twv

v hh md c hdbv twv qb vd vrmnhd w i Vrwmn Zwh- Mneb vd vrmn

m) zw Qm Rm hmn h TL rj mdmn vd vrmn im ldh zwj dmd vdh TL

vdh vdge c dmd; hh fejmd mndbp TL xm pdc zwj hh hmn v vrwmn nbjm

dj hh hmn v TML v hh j om ldh x v vc lbc vd vrmn TL q mdm m

dmn ) xjw vrbm ldjb xm twv vb Qm Rm- Ldb ) hh m q xm twv mn qjb

vr i h x xm twv) i b vh hj hmn v TL-

:-?H hw lbmd v:-?-:Hdwm fhd h hw lbmd v

Vremn mdmn mc vr ib ) qb mdmn hdmd xhd zwm i q ldwm

ldhd xm twv dbw zw hj j pdmn) h hw lbmd v hj dwm Qm Rm h

mdmn oh hdwm fhd zwjm vrmn) mn dmn q pd dp qb mn ib pdv

vrbm lbmd v vdge tw dmn HMD DD- V vrmn hmn mndbp) t fmn q fhd

q vremn mmlbmd v j pdmn h tw dmn vmn fm) mn vdb v vrmn mnmd

mmn mndbp nbc twmn-


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88

Omn 1;

Nb vr xm twv hh mnmd lbmd v dw m Qm Rm nbjb em?00>#?0:0-

Mnwm; Mbm nbc vdmn l D-Qm Rm ?0:0- $%q NVXT; vrbw mn- %q v vrmn; '"

Md q) ldw qh hh mnmd mmn) ic mndbp q vd xm) nb vr vwv b

qm vmn) xemn v vrmn hj ldw qh m vremn vmn nb vr xm twv hj mm lbmd v

j pdmn ib nbc hdmn v mm lbmd v dwm Qm Rm vremn mdmn mc vr ib

h x hdwm fhd h hw cmd c) nbc fm v vrmn hj hh mnmd mmnic mndbp vd xm q vmn v vrmn mnmd hmn mndbp) t fmn w v q vdmn

cb fhd q-

Obw 8;

V vrmn hh mnmd lbmd v vremn Vmn NVXT D-Qm R m ?00> #?0:0

Mnwm; Vmn dp x ibw Omn 4-

?00> ?004 ?002 ?0:0NVXT

Vvrmn

NVXTV

vrmnNVXT

Vvrmn

NVXTV

vrmnVmn 46>:86-: :00 :??484?-2 :00 :720:61 :00 ?:>7066 :00

Mmn mndbp 680>26-2 70-47 644?87-: 82->7 760280-1 86-0? 1>6>:>-1 8:-0?

Ic Mndbp :08186-: :?-?8 :?40?1-8 :0-6? :68?2?-8 2-0: :11706-7 >-11

Vd Xm 74:6 0-12 87::-: 0-?2 >020-6 0-67 4>4:-6 0-60

Hmn mndbp 72687 >-0? :87467 ::-01 ?0?1:8 :?->6 ?1?1?8-8 :?-0>

TF ! V ::?:77 :8-?6 8:>060 ?7-4: 7?80>4 8?-42 406210 8>-0:VC !FQ :8780:-: :7-2> :77>?7-6 :?-14 :>8:6? :0-42 ?7>671-> ::-46


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86

Hmn qb tw dmn vrm) mnmd zw dwm Qm Rm hmn h mdmn hdwm

obm mn l vremn h hw mnmd nbj ldw qh mdmn xm pdc xm twv omn

pdmn pdp vd hmn vd x $xm pdc zw q q vbmd fw zw xm twv vb d nbj

md" q mdmn xm pdc xm twv omn hmn mndbp hd obm hdbv twv dbm b

$vbmd fw zw xm twv vb md c"- Fe h mdmn dm hd q d vdmn x ibw vdmn

l j pdmn hde mnmd xm twv hm mem vr m) mdmn x ibw fb i x ibw

h vmd x hp h hwmn hp v mdmn vdmn mdm lbmd fejmd cv dmn m vdge

pdmn pdp pdmn qm \:>S- Mw md vb vdb bc mc ?00>) ldb hmn mnd hdbv

twv vb md c vdb bc cb hd i xm twv vd mndbc) hdj b qe dev

mn hdmd vdh) xm pdc vbmd fw zw cb hd w hdbv twv vdge pdmn pdp

vd hmn mm nb vr xm twv hd w hj mnmd zw i nb vr xm pdc zw hd obm

vdge pdmn pdp vd hmn) h v v vrmn vrm 40' vd xjw oj mc) m mc

?0:0) hmn qb x b dev dev mn m md qb hmn xwv vb j hj oj md c

hdbv twv) mdmn hem x m vdj b r rv- Nb vr hh xm pdc v zw hd

obm vdge pdmn pdp vd hmn ih m hd hdbc ldemn vrm 70') hm ib i v

vrmn hj hh xm pdc hd obm v hmn mnd hdbv xwv dbm b- Md q) mnmd

zw Qm Rm q jmn obw i mdmn x hdwm fhd mn l v ldw qh vrmn qldjb vdh ic xm vdwm v xjmn ldw qh xm twv hd obm hmn mndbp h vmd

dbm b q ldej dh dm-

:-?-? mn fmn ldej dh l vdwvb qb qmn vrmn h mnwm ibw zw) ldej dh l vdwv h p fmn

vrbv vremn l vdwv oe vm mnwm ngm zw hj ieb zw qmn zw Qm Rm q

mndbm hw mdmn nbmn zw cb h ld mmn xbmd vrmn) pdv vrbm vv q hde xm

imn vbmd fw hje- Om hmd ) p fmn mdmn mndbm hw ldej dh q vdb nbjm

xbmd vrmn q w hw xbmd vrmn hj h zw vremn vmn vdb l nbp hde mnb

mmn fm h vd hd mn dm vremn qbh ve cb vrmn pdv vrbm vv mdv hde h

zw- L vdwv mmn ic lv dp) vrmntgm l ij mmn qb zw i q f vbw obw

hde qbh p mn ldej dh l vdwv mdc x fmn v cv hhd om qmn \?0S-

b qb ldw qh hd obm q xm twv hh xm pdc v zw) vbm o ldej dh

l vdwv h p fmn cmd c mdv vremn hmn mnd hdbv twv vbmd fw vb hh


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87

md c- Vb ) d vdmn c ch nc : mb db 7 vm hwmn hp mdbv) 6 mb mw

hmn mndbp qb xh hdj : vm mnwm ibw% : mb) 1 omd ic imd q d vdmn mn

fm h ip v vdge hdw vrmd ldp lm mdc dm hd vb j x oj cb hj vbmd

fw- Dev mn hj d vdmn m fbm rj ibm vh h mn q c vdge h hd bm

v- Om hmd ) mdmn hmn em md oc md mnwm ibw q j mnwm ibw qe

mb hmn mndbp hmn dem vem x fmn c ch dbm b mn fmn ldej dh l

vdwv vrm nbp hde qbh vbv lbc vb j xh ije mn hj hem mnb) vmn mmn

xwv ije mn q mmn hje hdv imn xm pdc vbmd fw zw-

?- Om qmn t db?-:Vdh vrmn qm ije mn qbh ic

Vremn nbjb em v mc ?001 m mc ?0:0) dwm Qm Rm v h

mdmn vdmd zw vv vremn qm nbb zwv qbh ic hde mnb ije mn- Vdge mbm

nbc vdmn l dwm Qm Rm mc ?0:0) v i ije mn jmn ic qbh vremn hh

mnmd lbmd v vremn vmn x ije mn vmn v 40' mc ?001 m 27' mc ?0:0-

Om hmd ) v i ije mn vremn vwb ije mn) h ld mmn ije mn mdmn

ldmn h qbh ic mn hmn nbcObw 6;

V vrmn ije mn h qbh i c vremn vmn x ije mn q V ivdv mndbp Dwm Qm Rm nbjb em ?00> ?0:0-

Mnwm; Vmn dp x ibw mbm nbc vdmn l Dwm Qm Rm mc ?0:0-

Tv q ld mmn nbb zwv qm ije mn qbh ic) mnmd vrmn) hd obm

xm twv q lbmd fejmd hh xm pdc v zw ve rj hde vd vrmn ije mn j

pdmn cv mnwm hmn qbh fb fe- Vb qmn vrmn mnwm ibw) mnd c dv


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nbmn) vrmn zw) hdc xh b zw q vdw dehd zw ve rj cv mnwm qbh ic

vdmn twm hde o hem fm vh qmn hje- Vb ldw qh xm twv) hd obm q lbmd

fejmd) oj md c hdbv twv vbmd fw zw ve rj nm ?00 qbh ic hde mnb ije

mn) nbc ov vmd vrmn vdv mndbp vb j pdmn- Om hmd ) vb vdb bc

cb q vdw dehd) cb cv d nbj vremn dmn hdh d nbj md vdw cwj zw b db

h v mdv >#:0 ije mn- Fe ) imn qbh ic vdbq c ldw qh m ve rj hde

mnb fm j pdmn i q hmn im-

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mdp omd zwm w mnb h vmd v :6 vrbw mn% mnb % mc- Vremn ldb )mnb fm qmn vrmn mnwm ibw h ch vdw mdp w qe vdmn h h vmd

vdge d nbj md- i vdw mdp vdmn twm b qb mnwm ibw hde hdbv twv

vbmd fw zw q i vdw mdp vdge cj q b qb zw q q h x hdmdihd nbj hh

mc v qe vwb ldjb vdh hj zw- h vmd vrwmn omd vremn cb mc) vmn vdw

mdp v zw q hj cv d nbj md vrwmn omd v 20 m vrm :00 vrbw mn cb q

q ldemn v ?7#80 vrbw mn v om mnwm ibw zw hmd) i q vdm zw\:>S-

Obw 7;

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$m q; Vrbw mn"

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dwm qmn hje Qm Rm h mdmn vdj b rv vhd hh- Mc ?001) v i d mnde


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hm vb 8:)>1') vd m mc ?0:0 v i m nbc mn l hm ?7)76') b xmn

hj mdm fm ldmn mnmn h hb vdbm- Hh t mmn vdm vdwh qmn vrmn zw

md Pdemn F Vdmn) Pdemn F D) Twm Vc) C Qmn) M Dw) Zwjmn Cbmd)

Qbm Xm) b Xm vrh i mdmn t qmn hje h obv ld ldm) b xmn

mnb fm q hmn mnde mm) ih dw- Mdmn mc vrh ) x d b mnde h

vmd ldemn 20' vmn x d vd hde m dbm mj) hd hm vrm 70' x d vdwh fbm

d mnde q ldemn 2' vdwh fbm hm mnde- Md mdmn nb vr lbmd v im ije v

h zw) dmn vrc d fm xmn vremn j om mdmn t qmn hje vrm vdev i

mnde b q dm vd mj qm im ic nbw) vdw h ib hd lbmd v v dmn hdh

m h vrc vrbw mn cb mc-

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Vremn mdmn mc nm ) ldb bw lbm lbmd v vr mm ld nb q bw

lbm xmn h hb vdbm mdbw dm)hh dev mn qm de) qm mnd) dev mn

hmn mn fbm rj xb mb) xw rmn dm qb mdbw dmd vdh pdemn pd q dp fm

ve ldmn ld vdb wj vremn b xmn ije mn xm twv q dh vp hj hh vmn ip

mdm fm- Vremn cb vrmn xmn hj hh imn qm dj) hh ldw pd) ldw fm h

qm dj) v mm t db nbc mn l- Om hmd ) mnb fm iwm vhd hh dmn

mn q vdjc nbj mdmn dev mn mmn hje vdh hmn mn md ob vr v mm t

db) rm iwm vdh oe q cb vrmn) t fmn dev mn xbmd dev vdmn l

vb ldw pd) imn) om) mw hje v nbh h mdm q vdh h mdm b qb hh qm

t db q hmn mn- Vbmd vdm v fe vm nbe q v fe fm hd iwm h mw

hje- Vmd dmd jm mbmd hdmd vr vrm j om dwm vbp vh m md q h nb

qmn) ldmn t rj mdmn qm pdh vp -

Dm vd mj) b qb hh t qmn hje nm ibm qb mnd vrmn zw) qm dj t

db ldmn hd vd dbm h vmd om qmn hmn mn md vrm c hm nm ibm qb

mdmn nb vr vrwm vdmn fm vh qmn hje- bc h obv i mdmn pdemn vh vp

zwm m h v rv iw b q nm ibm qb h zw- Mnb Fje vrmn zw vb

qmn hje Qm Rm h vp vh rv h e) i cb ldb hh hem i q) n hdmn vd

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mnb Lbmd- H zw q vd c pdv vrbm v mmn rb vdmd rmn v ldb me ldmn

r- Hde m mn mj) mdmn pdemn vh vp zwm qm h nb mnwm qm- Om

hmd ) ldb hcv mm vmn lbmd v vmn b qmn hdh) mnb fm j pdmn

jmn fm fm ldb pdh q pdv dw mdmn I db vrwm vdmn tj tj-

?-6Vdh vrmn pdv vrbm mnwm ih hem mnb?-6-:Nbe fh q e ve

Vremn mc dh ?0:0 # ?0:: vrm j om vem dwm h 48 m q vrmn qb)

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dw mn dh xbmd dh dv Vbw dh qe Vrwmn dh h x vmn ?)2' xe qb mc vrh-

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hmn q hde nbe qbm< d vr lbmd pd t fmn mmn hp md ) op) hmn vrmd q

xbmd) nbmn mc hde dh xbmd om vr fm mwb vb hh t qmn hje- Vremn hh m

q nbe fh h ?> m q v hdwm Zwh nbj q pd hp nbe fh Vbw dh mn

vwb q ?> t) vd vrm v hdwm pd hp nbe fh Vrwmn dh h x- Om hmd )

vem Dwm h vb :1 m q vrmn v fjmd dbw hdwm Zwh nbj- Dm vd mj) vb

hh t qmn hje vrmn zw md b Xm) Qbm Xm) C Qmn) Pdemn F Vdmn hvb 6 vrmn Pd vdmn Fm vh om vr q Vrwmn dh h x cb vdmd ip b qe

dev mn) pdh q hde hmn vh nbe fh hem gc mn oe fm vh-

Mneb x hd vrmn vremn hmn vh nbe fh) vrmn ip hde dh xbmd hh hp)

dwm Qm Rm hm vp vrwmn v hdh hh ip fmnd ije mn mmn vdm q ije

mn fm vh vdbw x- Hh ije mn h e ve qb hh mnd md cj fm fmn)

l vdwv hdm mwb # vd ) l vdwv vrmn vrv # hd obm mmn xm) zwm i q pdv

vrbm vrjmn vrb) mwb vd xm mh mnv q mnd m- Xjw ldb h e ve) mnb ije

mn h vd vc qbh vb hh h x xm twv) lbmd fejmd q mdv i p fmn qe vrmn

vrv) hdm mwb) pdv vrbm lbmd v mnj vb nbj md- Lv zw v h vremn mdmn

mc zwj i v i ije mn zwj e ve hj dwm vmn im mn l) v ?7):' mc

?004 im m 80' mc ?0:0\?:Sq ldej dh l vdwv hjmd vh h p fmn vrbv

vb hh t qmn hje) vdj vd hde hjmd vh vp zwm ih dw-


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?-6-?Hmn vh v hmn mnVremn mdmn mc qj zwj) dwm Qm Rm vhd hh mmn hje hdv imn

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hmn vh v f pdmn) vrbm ldjb mn o hh obm pdp pdmn hdmn fhd omd) oe

c jm vem q xbmd vdh pdc) ic vv hmn vh t db de q hdc xh oe q xh

ldg hde mdm fm- Hmn vh Fm x # L dehd dj nbj md vbp vh h cmd)

mdv i b qb j om qmn mn oe fm vh) qmn xw) qmn tj) qmn h ch xbmd

hje- Om hmd ) hh h zwjm v) vrc t vb hh j pdmn hj dwm iwm ic vv

hmn vh ldc hdj omd hde mnb fm qb vmn x iv ldc omd vremn mc ?0::

i ?0:-661 iv- Vem dwm h vb ?1 t) vd vrm v hdwm zwh nbj q v- Hde mmc ?0::) v i vr gc fb 7 vwb xw fbmd fmn hd hm ?0') nbc :' xe qb mc

vrh< v i d fm fmn mh dp q xbmd v >6)7') v i d fm h oj hmn vrmd q

xbmd v 1:)7'- Om hmd ) dwm hm vdh dbm qbh hp pdv ?7-:77 vd oe dbc

v hde mnb mnde< :-68? vd oe dbc v hde hw hdbm obmd< :-:8? vd ODRV

hde b vmn Oe vr t db< hp 1-?77 vd ldc hdj omd hde vr gc fb 1 vwb-

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h vm fmn cv hhd vb j hde x xbmd vrmn q pdv vrbm hj h zw- Vrh

) h zw i h ch dejmn vrm j om xbmd xmn qmn mb hje hj fm vh Fje-

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ieb h tj b nbc mnde hde qmn mb hje m- Dmn mc) zw h djb vdh

qe vdmn 8 c ihd q vdmn 4 c ihd- b qb mdmn d h bw lbm lbmd v ld

nb) zw vdmn h vrmn m vrm :0 mc rb cb b qe ldjb vdh q vdw dehd

vdw h ib hd hje mdv- Vw mdbm ) pdm im mdmn d vrmn zw w vdw

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hw q vb hdmd-

8-?Vdh vrmn oe q q vb ve vb mnwm cb vrmnFe h vd i cv dwm cbm mb qmn hje mm vb mnwm rmn i cv vdmd

pdm zwjm vrmn vremn vmn vd cb vrmn hj dwm Qm Rm mm qm zwm i


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rmn) oe q rmn q pdv vrbm vb mnwm rmn iwm h hd vrmn- Vdge mbc

nbc vdmn l Dwm Qm Rm mc ?0::) vmn fbm vhd rmn vrm j om dwm Qm

Rm i vrm 42-?42 dj qb hdg pd rmn v >?'- Qb vmn fbm vhd qmn vrmn

mnwm ibw i :7-?74)> dj hmn qb l dehd vrmn cb fbm vhd dmn mc) mnmd

zw Qm Rm mn np cv pdm mn l vremn vmn fbm vhd rmn vem dwm)

np pdm oe q cb vrmn) bw dj mnwm mh) hb ve cb vrmn xbmd vdb) oe

q v rmn) v b) hdmn tb cm) rj vrb q nbc md m vb j mdmn md dmn

hj vdbm vjb oe i bw de dmn mc m b xmn xbmd dev q xm twv hj mnb

fm qmn mb-

Obw 1 hdg pd rmn q hdg pd rmn zw vremn vmn fb m vhd

rmn hdg pd Dwm Qm Rm mc ?0::-

Mnwm; Vmn dp x ibw\:4S-

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vrmn rmn xm twv) vrmn rmn pdmn dh h obv zwjm vc- Dev mn vmn

hmn vwm vrwm qm mn) dmn fm mdm fm hhd vrmn q oe q rmn hmn

h v hdh q fbm rj cmd c vb hh j pdmn- Mdmn f m vrm oh wvdw h mdmn lv zw zwjm vrmn md nb ib mdmn fbm vhd rmn vb xbmd cmd

ldejmd q oe q) ldmn pd rmn vb xbmd vrmn rmn pdmn d) pdv vrbm

rmn xm twv- Hdv imn rmn vrmn cb hmn h mmn im r rv- Mdbw fbm

vhd rmn xm twv) rmn pdmn d h fmn vrmn pdv vrbm rv vv- V hd hd

pd rmn ic mmn r vd mj) mnb fm dmn db mdm v vrmn rmn deh

mdm rmn vrmn) rmn vb xbmd hdc xh oe q-


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8-8Vdh vrmn x fmn dj hdv h db q hmn vh t i pd vdbbqb ldw qh fm h) md h x pdv vrbm hj d vdmn d vmn l vdwv

h x hp dwm oje nc d vdmn hp vdev mh) q xbmd cb vrmn vd) t irh vdb) pd vdb h t i dp q xbmd mdmn hdj mn hhd q hdj ldej dh-

_h vdb nbj md qmhdj h pdm ieb q t i vrbv - Om hmd ) vb hh

ldw qh mmn vdm cbm mb qmn hje) vremn ldb cv x d nbj md obv hhd

t i rh vdb vdge pdmn pdp pdm ieb rh q e d rh vdb dw h ic hdv

fbmd fmn hde v vd cv pdm im hh d nbj md ldh qm hdj obv hhd t i

rh vdb q q xbmd mn m-

b qb d vdmnhh md c vbmd fw zw vdwh hh hc hmn mndbp cbh t fmn vb dwm Qm Rm) qm t i pd vdb hmn dv xh h hd

vrmn- Vrm vdh v) md c vbmd fw zw hd vp vrwmn hdbv twv mdmn xm pdc

vd mm vmd vrmn x fmn dj hdv h db dw md ldmn twv dbm- Dm vd mj)

hdw vrmd xm twv nm md ldp lm) o mnwm ibw zw xjw ldb hdmn hv h x

fmn iwm ic mnwm ibw v) hwmn hp mdbv hde hh mb hdmn hv- Fe q)

imn pd vdb vdb rj cb vrmn i ldmn mn l- Vw mdbm) vremn zw vrmd ve

mdbv) mdbm ibw v hd hmn ve rj cv imn ldb h hdj ob vdb rj cb

vrmn ldmn ld- Qb d vdmn pdwm mh vdmn twm mnj ldb ldb vdb rj)

mmn ob vremn dw md h dm hd-

BQ- Cv x dm hd vremn vdh vrmn pdv vrbm om qmn h zw Qm Rm:- Q lbmd v:-:Mnwm ibw vb qmn vrmn zw hdj h x fmn vrbv

Hmd q i zw h x fmn ic mnwm ibw vremn hdbv twv vbmd fw zw

hdj h ldjb vdh vrbv -Md c vbmd fw zw vdmnqm dmd zwjmd mc qb

h bc xm twv h mn im c vbv lbc mnwm mdbv- Fe q) xm imn vbmd

fw zw mdbw dj v vremn cv mc pd vdwh vem o qe mnwm mnwm ibw hmd

q i zw- Vb hh md c) vrwmn omd cv mc h ldemn ? vdmn md c ldmn

h mnwm ibw hd obm- Vremn ldb ) vb mdmn qmn vrmn zw vb hh t

qmn hje) hmd q i zw vb hh n) b hje qm vdmn o hdv vj ldmn ch h d

x fmn f mnb fm dem vem mdm vdh h nb vr lbmd v q hmn fmn hj


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hmd q vdm i- Mnwm mdm i fe bw lbm mn t nbje vdmn zw ld ldm

vremn qbh fb hdwm mnwm ibw rj qmn xm twv om-

Om hmd ) h zw xjw ldb oh q vdmn h om ic hh hdmn vremn

mnmd t fmn qb nb vr lbmd v ldmn hje) hm ib vdmn h x fmn ic hb

v- Vremn ldb ) n vdm zw vrm vdh v i cv ieb n h obv- Fe vdmd pdm hd

w hj zw i hh ieb vbmd fw mm vdm h zw hmn cjmn h vrmn - h bc

hj n zw i rv hdh q f fmn vremn vdb nbjm fb hmn ldmn oje nb o cb cv-

Q mm) n zw vdhd dp hde qbh hd vh hh xm pdc vd hmn c mnd dj xm

twv hh xm pdc xbmd dev vbw fmn ic v n- Qb mdmn h bc w qbv md

vrm) qbh ldmn vm fmn vb j vbc mmn v n zw i cv x imn pd rv im-

:-?Xm pdc v zw cb hd i xm pdc mnwm ibw vdVmd m vdb bc dbm vb) :00' xm pdc v zw hj dwm Qm Rm i

xm pdc vd TL rj vd vrmnmh mneb hd w vdge dmd vdh ldmn vrh vbp

xjmn mdmn vd vrmn md Vrwmn Zwh q b Iejm- Vremn mnm dm) TL xm pdc

vd i cv x ij vb w mdv hde ib hdvrh cvhj j pdmn- Vw mdbm) tv

vremn fb dm) TL xm pdc vd qb cv ch nb f hje dm xe qb nb vrwmn omd

vb j pdmn mdmn ib r dm xe qb nb vr vdh q vbc mmn qm h hj xmpdc h obv m- Om hmd qbh hd twv rj vd vrmn hh xm pdc mnwm ibw

vd) dmn pdv vrbm vbm o dm hde h zw dwm Qm Rm i pdb xm twv rj

h xm pdc hwb hmn- Mnwm mdm hj qm vrm hd w fe x vdbw vdm

vremn qm qm) h x d vmn) hmn mnd xm twv) pdmn vdh xm twv) c

ch q vrjmn vdbv o-

:-8Dmd vdh twv ldw hm mdbw dm hdVremn oj dmd vdh TL hd w i; TL vrh vbp) TL vdh q TL vb hd

vd dmd vdh TL vdh qm i dmd vdh TL hd w vb Qm Rm- Vbp vdge i

dmd vdh TL vrh vbp- Vw mdbm) djb dmd vdh TL m ve rj mdmn dm hd im

b qb nb vr lbmd v gc ib hde mnb fm vrmn zw q lbmd fejmd zw hmn md

b qb x PVOQ mnmd zw j pdmn- Vremn dev mn TL vdh) dmd vdh

mdmn m q) d nbj md hd obm zw mn qjb vr qj i mnb xm twv m

dmn) qj i b vh hj mnb TL i pd obm- Fe zwjcv ldw vrwmn nbjm q ib


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dem vem ldmn h vdmn vbm q vd vrmn hwb hmn c xm pdc hj cmd TL

xjmn mm mnb fm dem vem ldmn vd hd mn q nb h- Hm b qb dmd vdh

TL vrh vbp) vd vrmn TL hd w i vd vrmn Vrwmn Zwh ob i feq hdwm

nbje c ch l vdwv $vremn hdbv twv vbmd fw" q zwjm d owm om h qb

vdmn mdm Vrwmn Zwh- Vw mdbm) nb vr TL qm hdj tmn mn qb nb vr

vdh hj zw- Mnwm mdm vrh vbp hj x dm hd vrm i fe x w lc vremn

qbh th vbm q c rmn vd vrmn twv ldw q mnwm mdm xw tj i x dm hd

q vrmd q mnwm mdm ih q imd qh TML mb hdwmn-

:-6mn fmn ldej dh l vdwv hdj hjeb qb qmn vrmn mnwm ibw) nbmn h i cv mdm v dv xh zwjm vrmn-

Vw mdbm) ch f h mdmn mndbm hw q x lv dp oe vm mnwm ngm zw

qb l vdwv dbm b) ve rj nbmn zw hde xm imn vbmd fw q zw q hje dm

mdmn vrm vdh v qm hdj h vd mndbc q p fmn- Nbmn zw h x fmn

qm i mdmn dv nbmn h vdw mdvv mdmn h zw nbq c vrmn- Fe q)

h nbmn ldmn h c oe dem vem q hdv imn- Mnwm mdm hj dbm

vmn vrm i fe x lv dp vdbw mn o nbj mndbm hw ldej dh q p fmn

vdh vbm hmn md x hdc vr hj h zwjm zwm i j pdmn vremn qbh vdb dmd

mdmn hdmd xhd d vr nbmn hde o hem qmn vrmn zw-

b qb ldw qh xm xm twv q hd obm xm pdc zw q) pdmn pdp ije

mn p fmn hd w i pdmn pdp ije mn vd hmn q fj dem vem qe xh

ije mn hj hem mnb- Fe ldmn h x d vr q c ch) l vdwv mm pdmn

pdp m vdh x vm mdbw vdb nbjm q xh ije mn hj hem mnb) mn vdb f

fm m ld mmn nbc hdv imn xm pdc zw fe xm pdc ldmn h oe zwm mdmn bw lbm vv mdv ldb vdb nbjm x hd fbm rj zw iw-

?- Q t db?-:Ije mn qbh ic vdge vdb q) ldmn h vmd m md

Tv q qm qbh ic vremn mnmd zw dwm Qm Rm) vj h vd f fmn

mdm vd hw q ije mn hd w vp vrwmn vb djb q; q zw 8 q q zw 4 vremn

vdb nbjm cb q le fb ldemn 8#6 vdmn- Vdb nbjm hm ib vremn mc) mdmn h x


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xm twv zw q deh x o ldmn) deh hdwm xjmn lbmd fejmd vc vdb cv x cv

dmn ldh- Md q) mdmn d nbj md q DVT vdjc nbj hd obm q lbmd fejmd zw

q fmn mdldmn h h x hdwm obv vremn xm twv) hm mdmn ije mn vdb

q hmn ldmn fw vr h vmd m md vremn qm vdw mdp h mdm-

?-?Hdv imn ije mn vdpIje mn hd w vremn mnmd xm twv q hd obm hh xm pdc v zw dbm

mj cb hd i ije mn pd vdmn- Ldb vwm ije mn qe ic qbh vb hh md c

hdbv twv vbmd fw) dw dv hh ije mn w hw pdb h lbm vdh jc dbw q c

ch q vrjmn vdbv o- Vw mdbm) ldb b qe qm dmd vdh v) o pdm ije mn m

w pdb h e ve ib- Cv ldh) vb ldw qh hd obm zw q) ldb m v dmn

w hw xm pdc zw lp) cv xm pdc b db vj mnd q l mmn hje vd ije

mn j pdmn ib dem vem ldmn p mn h mdw hw cpdb vdw cm ije

mn vb mdmn qmn zw ldh h l mmn q vj mnd hje dm- Mnwm mdm hj

qm mw vrm cv pdm i fe qm dh vp q dh mnd hj ije mn j pdmn

hdj mndbc vh q dbw zw x fmn lbm vdh dh vp qe vdh v) cv pdm

ldh h vd fe md dmn e ve mnd hj j pdmn vmd mndbc vh) iw fbq xv qb vdh v-Om hmd ) vrmd fm vr mnb fm ldw qh qmn hje mb

j pdm hm mdbw rv mdbw dm hd-

Om hmd ) pdv vrbm dev mn lbmd fejmd TL rj vd vrmn mh

mneb) hh m b db pdb h cv b mn ije mn vrb vdh h vrmd mneb mn)

h lbm vdh q lbmd v) vb hdmd q twv mdp ldw qmn hdh- Vw mdbm) hde vb

vdb bc dbm vb) :00' hh m q l vrm ldmn vdw dv h mnwm mdm ih vr

h dh vp q e ve ob om q hh qm l vrm- Mnwm mdm hj dbm vmn

m cv pdm i x db dv vremn hdmd xhd vwm c q b mn tmn mn hde ije

mn vrb vdh vb j pdmn) cv pdm im ldh twv pdv v vc i hj hh om vr

vv mndbp hh vrmn b dh) hje mn vdwh hh imd qh l vrm ldmn xm xmn

vr ib pdv vrbm qmn zw mmn vdm cbm mb mnde ldmn mdmn bw lbm

ic qbh) pdv vrbm) vdmn vbm) bw lbm xbmd dev) qwb hdb) nbb vr qm cbmd) vbm

o md vb hh vdmd pd im-


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?-8Ov omd mn vremn vdw mdpVb ldw qhcbm mb Qm Rm)x ov omd mn vdw mdp vdmn h vd mdm

vd r mdv ldb xe xmd vdw mdp omd zwm hj mnb fm xmn vb ldw qh vd vrm)t vrwmn vc qb ldw qh mmn vdm qmn hje tj j om vrwmn vc- Vw mdbm) x

ov omd mn vremn vdw mdp qmn zw Qm Rm ib h vd dbm r mv mdv mnj

vb ldw qh hh t qmn hje vrmn h mnwm ibw zw- Vb hh t vrmn zw md

Pdemn F Vdmn) Pdemn F D) Twm Vc) C Qmn) M Dw) Zwjmn Cbmd)

Qbm Xm) b Xm) vremn ldb h mdmn d nbj md h vdw mdp v zw v qb hdh

m dm vrc vrbw mn cv mc vd qm hm vrm 70' x d vdwh fbm d mnde

q ldemn 2' vdwh fbm hm mnde- Mnwm mdm hd w hj x hdmd ihd vrm

qm twv pdv v x ih dw vremn b xmn xbmd dev q xm twv hj b o pdm o

hem fm vh v mnb qmn hje mb - Ldw qh xbmd xmn i j om rmn mb zw

hje q dbc vr) nbje vdmn b ib ld ldm) h x d vmn vdbw vdm hmn i mnw

mdm n mm x dm hd vremnld mmn vbp hm vdmn vbm) dh vp q hb vbm l

vdwv hjmd vh-

Cv ldh) x ov omd mn vdw mdp hm t rj nbj mnb fm vrmn zw qvdmn mdm vdw cwj q owm om zw- Dw dv pdmn vdh vdw cwj xm pdc

hdmd i zw q vrm j om dwm Qm Rm i vdw cwj mnj vb qmn vrmn mnwm

ibw- Fe mdmn dm hd q vdmn vbm nb h q vd vrmn xm pdc zw) mnb fm

qmn vrmn mnwm ibw ld h vd md nb h hde xm pdc hj cmd q dm vd

mj) mneb qbh om xm pdc hde hh vdmn mdm q DVT ) d dem vem ldmn

vd v vc lbc w rj hde h zw- Fe q) mnb fm dem vem vd mn q nb h

xm pdc hj cmd- V )dbm vmn p nb t rj q i mnwm mdm fm m

ov omd mn nbj vdw mdp ldw qh qmn vrmn mnwm ibw q vdw mdp ldw qh

lbmd fejmd- Om hmd ) fe vdbw qm mm pdm mn d nbj md vrmn zw hdm

hhd vrmn b zw m ldemn 7 mc vwb rb om hde mdmn d deh vdmn mdm

ldh h bw lbm lbmd v vv dm h vbm cw xbmd- Q q) nb vr vm vdw h

hj mnb vrmn zw i ldmn hje vremn ldb mdmn mnb nbw h ib vmn vdc h

pdm mdbw vdw mdp hj cmd-


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?-6Mdm vdh q vc mdm hj mnb fm hm mdbw dm hdLdw qh qmn vrmn mnwm ibw zw i ldw qh c vrh b xmn lbmd

v hj mnb fm dv xh ld ldm- Fe ) ch vbw dmn w hj d i ic xjelbc h vbm c oe hwh xmn hj nbj mdbw ve mm cv vc i

hdwmn i xm xmn dmn m mdmn h db cjmn ib ib hd lbmd v vrh cv hje

dm q nm md ldmn h vc mdm rmn hde vmn ijb- Fe q) h zw h ldjb

vdh ldmn h l dehd h vd c vdmn fj qe mdw hw lbmd v vremn mc hj

mnb vrmn zw< dj vrmn dp mnb fm fm ldjb vdh ldb vd mc vrh nb

im hje ldbm hde hwmn f vdj) nb nbc< deh vrmn dp hdv b zw mem om

ic mnwm ibw hdbv twv vbmd fw ldb vd nb mnwm ibw vmn mdjmd) pd bzw vrmn xm ldb vd nb xm im hje c ib hd vrmn mnm mn- Mnwm mdm hj

mdmn qm vrm i fe x dm hd vremn dbw obv q mdmn lbm vdh ibm zwjm m

vd vrmn) owm om q lbmd fejmd hj mnb fm hmn md mdmn dm hd vremn

hdmd xhd md dmn pdv vrbm hde mnb fm qmn zw-

8-Q cb vrmn8-:Ldb vdb hmn mndbp hdj h t i vrbv

Vb hh md c xm twv vbmd fw zw) ldb vdb hmn mndbp h vdb rj

vremn zw vrmd v mnwm ibw) mdbm ibw ve mdbv hdj h t i hdj vrbv -

Ldb vdb rj cb vrmn cjmn mmn ob q vp hdv om vremn- F h d vdmn

pdwm mh ic nbc mmn ob) vw mdbm) hh vdmd pdm h db ldh v ld vdb

qm vdb rj cb vrmn- Mdmn hv ldb gm v md c hd obm vbmd fw v mdbw

hmn n md dmn mndbc vrmn vb cb vrmn ldmn ld) cb vrmn v

mdbm mb hdwmn q cb vrmn xmn hj ldw fm h twmn zwjmd mb rbmn-

8-?L dehd pdv vrbm vb mnwm rmn q vrmn cb rmn mnwm ibw v lvzw vdp

Fbm vhd hd w hj qmn hje Qm Rm i rmn mb- Q q) qbh vmn v i hdg

pd hj rmn q vrmn cb hh ieb rmn pdmn d) rmn xm twv q oe q rmn

mnwm xbmd dmn mc i dv xh zwjm vrmn- Mdmn vremn vdb nbjm qj zwj) l dehd

c rmn fbm vhd v rmn dmn mc qm hdj h vdh dbm cv hhd vrbv ldbm

fbm vhd rmn dmn mc vmn im ldmn mdbw- Om hmd ) vb cv x j om qmn


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xw qmn tj qm t rj cv x dbm vmn hdv pd rmn oj ob cw xbmd dj v

mmn ic r) fw hjmd fw h hj cv x o hem fm vh vdbw x ldbm hde x cv hm

omn xbmd vdb t rj q md dmn vrh vbp m o hem xmn vb ldw qh m-

Dbm vb) qmn mnwm ibw h vrmn hd w fj vrm v ldjb dejmn hj o

hem qmn mb v mdbw mc vrh- Qb mdmn hdmd xhd c rmn fbm vhd v vrmn

zw vdge dmd vdh hd w i nbje v nbje rmn- Vw mdbm) fbm vhd rmn ldem vremn

vmn x fbm vhd v zw i ldmn mdbw- Om hmd ) x zw dehd hj hdmd zwm

hd cjmn vmd hdv ldwm ldhd q ldmn vrbv fm m dbm vmn v vrmn zw

zwj hh mc fbm vhd ldmn vmn im mdbw dj o hem hh qmn ldh pd h vrmn

vrmn zw ldb vd nb vr lbmd v im hje f mdm vdh h v jb vd mdmn ldmn

dem vem pd dp-


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HDMN BBB

CV X NBB PDP PDV V_BM OM QMN HR ZW

DWRMQM RMVMD RM OB

B-Zwjm bc ch vbw hdbm ih Pdv vrbm om qmn h zw Qm RmHdbm ih PVOQ h zw Qm Rm fj vrm mdmn mnwm vh h om hj

PVOQ q p fmn ibmd dev mdmn mnwm vh qe bw lbm vdh vb hj j

pdmn md; mmn hje mdm vdh mnb fm qmn mb q qm vm vrmn q zwjm

vc m hwh xmn hmn mn) imn om) j pdmn) hb vdbm hdv imn hwh xmn

q hem mnb hj hmn mn) nb nm q oe q xh xmn q vmd j fmn hj d xbmd

vdb rmn) x fmn hh mnwm vb mnwm dp i) nb qmn ld mmn hdw mn hj

Vrb v omn hhd vbv lbc q vb ve mdmn mnwm vb mnwm) vdj b vp vh q

vdb zwgm ih dw hj o hem qmn hje) mmn hje qjb vr mnb fm vremn qbh v

zwm i cb vrmn) vdh dbm mdv zwm hdmd xhd PVOQ v V^ m j pdmn-

Hdbm ih PVOQ h zw Qm vremn vdb nbjm vb hm c oe vdh dbm vv

mdmn ch vbw im md omqmn lbmd v) om qmn t db q om qmn cb vrmn)pdv dw mdmn vbc mmn vd cmd hj j pdmn) ldh pdh mdmn ld ldm

jmn np pdb q j rj mdmn nbb pdp dbw zw mn w qb mdmn vdhd vdh

xp vb vrm h x mdmn zwjm bc mdv zwm md xjw;

Nb qmn m md hdmd vr t db vrm j om- Vdh dbm hdmd xhd pdv

vrbm h zw vr vdmd h vrmn cb mdm hj j pdmn nbp mnb fm tj b

nbc mnde- Hd vrmn pdv vrbm mnmd zw oje nc mnmd hmn mndbp hd obm

q mnmd lbmd fejmd hh xm pdc v zw mdv zwm qb x pdv vrbmmm lbmd v

dmn dj mdbw vdmd pdm md dmn t db hd mndjhj j pdmn) hdp vdb

h) h db c rmn zwjm d nbje iw) dp vh qb mdmn ldw qh lbmd v ldh) ve

cb bw lbm vv mdv vdw dv qm w v vrh vbp qe mnmd zw-

Ldwm ldhd cb vdmd pdm lbmd vvremn mnmd vrmn) hd obm) xm twv

q lbmd fejmd zwpdv vrbm- Hd vrmn m qbh mmn hje dbw zw xm twv dmd


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vdh lbmd v d nbj md) h obv i mdmn nbj md qmn xw qmn tj h bw lbm

lbmd v ld ldm- Zwjm vrmn mdv) vp vrwmnpdv vrbm dmd vdh lbmd v DVT)

fejmd mndbp q h obv i hh Hv VMDD- Ve cb bw lbm vv mdv hde hh

vdmd pdm lbmd v vrm h bw lbm q ld mmn pdv vrbm- mn vdb) ve rj

cb ibm lv nbj hh vdmd pdm m vdmn zwj x dev mn h dbw zw hj Dbp

db vrmn) xm twv) hd obm q lbmd fejmd zw-

p fmn vrbv x pdv vrbm ldej dh hmn mnd mdc cmd hdwm

fhd h hw lbmd vmnmd vdge dmn HMD DD nm ibm qb vmn vrmn mdjmd

mnmd zw Qm Rm- Vmn nb vr xm twv mnmd zw vb ldw qh mnmd hmn mndbp

hd obm hh xm pdc v zw- Heb hdv imn) mmn xwv) dbw zw) xh hmd vrjmd

xm pdc zw i w vbm dmn w- mn vdb) hd vrmn hmn vh nbe fh q e

ve b mn ije mn j pdmn h hdv imn hje q vdw dv mnwm ije mn vrb

vdh vdjc nbj qe mnmd mdbw dm-

Ve x mn vdwm t db qb hh ch vbw hj pdv vrbm om qmn omn hhd

c oe db dj mdmn ib hd hj h mdm q hj hmn mn- Mmn hje dbw zw

lbmd v mnmd zw pdb lv dp db dj qb vdh dbm om qmn t db qb hh mbfwmn vdh dbm vbm o q hmn omn t db< mmn hje ldmn mnmn hdv imn hwh

xmn hj mnb fm) cmd tj b nbc mnde q mmn hje mdm vdh hj o

hem fm vh qmn hje) nbc ov hdmd ihd ch xmn) ov omd mn vdw mdp q

nbb zwv vrbv hh qm t db) mn vdb hd vrmn pdv vrbm qm dj qmn

cbm- Pdb h obv zwjm vc nb qmn m md hdmd vr # t db) vmn hmnzwh

pdmn) jm mbmd vb j pdmn-

Pdv vrbm lbmd v # t db nm hdv qb oe q q hb vdbm cb vrmn xbmd

vdb) zwm i) ldjb vdh q x fmn h dbw zw hh mnwm vb mnwm vdbm mdbm)

oe q cb vrmn) c oe pdv vrbm om qmn cb vrmn- Hd vrmn pdv vrbm

q c rmn fbm vhd rmn pdmn d) rmn h fmn) rmn xm twv v mdbm q h

obv oe vm rmn mnwm xbmd- Vmn hmn hmn vh zwm i q t i pd vdb) hdv

vdb h ldw qh ldw fm h q ldw qh xm twv hmn mndbp mdc c oe cb

vrmn xmn hde hem mnb q vmd om qmn hj cb vrmn vremn vmn ijb-


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BB- Cv x nbb pdp Pdv vrbm om qmn h zw Qm Rm;:- Mdc nbb pdp lbmd v:-:Vdw dv qm w v qe j pdmn

H vd mdm vd) vv h mdmn qm h zw Qm Rm np pdb v qmn

vrmn mnwm ibw m qmn xm twv) hd obm q lbmd fejmd h vrmd o vremn

pdm pdm vhd vdh vrmn PVOQ h zw Qm Rm w twv pdv v qm vdbw

qm- Fe q) mdbc q vdw dv qm w v h vremn mh q mh mneb vr vdmd

mdbc q dmn w vremn mdc nbb pdp hde Hdbm ih m-

Hh h zwjm zwm i) qbh lw nb w v ldmn mm hd ch nbb vdbw)

cb nb w v m vdwm c hm hd mn vdw dv x zwjm vc hj hh md w v

omn hhd vhd hh j xm pdc zw rj hh db hdvdmn cb vremn mh q zwh

v zwmn o q t fmn vdmn dbw zw Qm Rm- Om hmd ) hd mn v

hdh mdmn owb db vde nbb vdbw xm pdc zw Qm Rm) db hd nbb vdbw xm

pdc mmn ic xm j pdmn- Mdv vdbv hm pdb ldbm hh md w v vd r

h vc zwjm vrmn hj cv dmn zw vrm vd vrmn Vd nbb) q vr hj zw Qm

Rm vremn vd vrmn zw Qbv Mjc q nb vr vbc mmn c xm pdc m gc ib-

Cv ldh) hh m q xm twv lbmd fejmd hmn hm hd mn vc lbc b vh q

zwmn o hh xm pdc hj cmd vb hh vd vrmn vremn mh q zwh v zwj hh

lmd vdmn vbm bm v) hh lmd vdmn cb bm v) hde dmn vrh vbp m qb hh

om dmn q vmn hmn zwjm d dp vh w v) cwj om dmn dj-

:-?C rmn zw dehd qmn vrmnmnwm ibwOm hmd qbh zw dehd qmn vrmn zw vb ldw qh hh t qmn hje hj

dwm Qm Rm i Pdemn F Vdmn) Pdemn F D) Twm Vc) C Qmn) M

Dw) Zwjmn Cbmd) Qbm Xm q b Xm) mdmn mb h bw lbm v mdbm pd dp

mdv qb x pdv vrbm qxbmd vrmn hj h zw ve mm xm pdc zw q h hdv

imn hje) hm c rmn qmn vrmn mnwm ibw hdwm obv hwmn hp hmd q i zw

hde hh md c hd obm vbmd fw vb hh t) vd vrm im hm hh md c hd obm

vbmd fw zw v vb t mn Hwmn) Demn Vdmn q F Vdmn- H zw vb qmn

zw dehd vrmn ic mnwm ibw hd obm vbmd fw x hd vrmn vremn vdb nbjm mnm

vm vdw hmd) i q vdm zw md pdh q xm twv vbmd fw zwjmd mc-


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Hd vrmn t fmn h x qv hdv d vmn qmn zw vdmn zwj mdmn

hdmn vrmd t fmn q pdv vrbm lbmd v t db j pdmn mmn vdm cbm mb-

Vm fmn mdmn hdmn vrmd) mdmn f m d vr hj Hdmd pd q hh v hdh

pdb Hdmd pd ldh pdh vmd vrmn nbje vdmn b ib ld ldm) h x qv hdv)

d vmn mmn vdm w lc- Om hmd ) qbh ldh pdh ld ldm m ldmn hd

mm vrmn hd j pdmn q hh hdmn vrmd f m hj hdmd pd) c hm mdm

h x mn np vbm hj hj hj hdmd o hem mmn fm qmn vrmn mnwm ibw

q mdmn m q xm twv) hd obm q lbmd fejmd hh xm pdc v zw) mdmn

mnb h ib hd xv xm b qb ieb h m- Nbb pdp m hd h vd h vdh

dbm mw h x vdmn mdv q ibm lv hje nbj hh vdmd pdm lbmd v vremn mnmd

zw q cv ch hd pdv vrbm lbmdv fb iw hde h zw-

:-8C rmn dev mn xm twv hd obm hh xm pdc v zwVb qmn vrmn mnwm ibw hh t qmn hje nbje vdmn b ib ld ldm)

nbb pdp vrh cvhm pdv vrbm qmn xm twv hd obm mnj vb hd- vm fmn

vb j mnwm ibw hmd i zw vj dmn mc ldmn h vm vdw) hh d nbj md h

vd vdh mndbc c cmd hdbv twv vbmd fw mnj vb d nbj md- Vw mdbm) mw

x fmn c dmd hdbv twv vdge pdmn pdp vd hmn) imn vbmd fw oj dbvremn zw vrmd hdbv twv irv mdbw) ic nbc hdv imn xm pdc- Fe ) w v

d vdmn vrjmn vdbv o c dmd md pd dp qb zw c d nbj md i nbb pdp

vv mdv ldh pdh qm mb vrm-

Vb ldw qh xm twv q hd obm hh xm pdc v zw) om hmd qbh fw vr

q mmn hje hh dev mn hd obm xm twv xm pdc vd) mn vdb) mndbm hw

qbh c rmn xm twv mdmn xm pdc vbw fmn ic v zw md nbj q zw) hh xm

pdc ld cb v zw) iv nb zw--- Mneb rj) pdv vrbm mdmn xm pdc ic v n

zw md xm pdc n) vd hmn c mnd) vc zw--- Qbh pdv vrbm vdc hh

xm pdc v zw l vrm x np pdm ic vmn hw qbh ic) nbp nbb zwv hmn m

qbh ic vb j pdmn q zwjm vrmn dm h i nbb zwv vmd vrmn mdm rb nbj

hh q zw vb hh hx xm twv q nbc ov vmd vrmn ije mn mnmd zw hd w

i vdb q ldbm vdw mdp mnb fm ov m md-


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Om hmd ) vrm vv h hh ldw qh xm twv mnmd zw) hm vmn hmn t

fmn d vdmn md lde ldej dh q dp i mdc c oe hdv imn hj zw

ldmn hd vremn cj q c hm h vd oe zwm v q m zwj q ldh vremn vrmn

dp nb zw mc ldmn hje q ldmn hdb pd hde qbh xm twv hj mnb

fm) Vw mdbm) hde vb vdb bc m) vv h mdmn md lde vb hh h x hd obm

q xm twv w h t fmn fj vrm lbmd mndbc hj mnb lbmd fejmd zw- Fe

) xm pdc qm o nbc dc imn vbmd fw q cb vdc) hdv imn ldmn h

c oe mm mdv vdbv pdb hm m x nbp hj hh m q mndbm hw j rj

cv vbw hdwm pd dp hde d vdmn md lde oe zwm zw-

:-6Vmn hmn ld mmn mn fmn ldej dh hmn mndb qb qmn vrmn mnwm ibw) om hmd mdmn lbmd mndbc vrmn zw iw

mc hj o hem j pdmn) hm p fmn cmd c dm mj vbm o ldej dh l

vdwv q ldej dh hmn mnd vremn pdmn pdp hdm nbmn hmn md l vdwv nbge

vrmn- Cmd fm p fmn mdmn mndbm hw q nbmn zw cb vrm h x pdv vrbm

mnwm ngm zw mdmn hde mmn xwv vbmd fw hje qe vdh v- Om hmd ) vdh

mndbc mdmn mndbm hw q zw vrmd xbmdvrmn md mdmn w hw q w hwfbmd fmn) cv vrmn) md xmn) chj zw qe vdh v pdv dw vb j

ld mmn pdv vrbm hj zw- h obv hd pd hp q ijm rmn dmd vdh mmn

ic lv dp vremn 8 mc w) vrmn zw tgm l qb vrmn xm vmn oemn fc hde

zw) dm hd h ob ch) nb v nb mh q dm mj vmn vdw mdp hde o hem

vrmn zw- Dm vd mj) w v om pdm mn hhd q dp i hmn i cv obm pdp

dw dbw hde x pdv vrbm iw fb hj h zw-

b qb ldw qh xm twv q hd obm hh xm pdc v zw) mn fmn ldej

l vdwv hm h p fmn cmd c dm mj omn qbh p fmn mdmn hmn mnd

hd obm q vdbv o c ch xm twv dbm b- Hde m vdb bc dbm vb) mdmn

hmn mnd hd obm hh xm pdc v zw q c ch vdbv o dw md hm rv dm

hd- Fe q) nbb pdp vv mdv hde qm m i dp vh qb hh m q mh mneb

hdwm nbje c ch l vdwv q hmn mnd dbm b vbp vdw mdmn vdmd zw

ldej dh l vdwv hj vd nbb) mmn hje hdv imn hh xm pdc hj zw Qm Rm


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vdge dmn j fmn dj hh xm pdc hd obm v zw q) mmn hje dc imn

Jifgdv Hbmmjcbh vremn hd obm vbmd fw q zwjm vrmn dm h i xm twv rj

mdmn cv dmn vbw fmn h om v zw j rj vd vrmn vremn q mneb mh-

bqb dev mn lbmd fejmd) nbb pdp xjw cjmn vmd hdv vdjc lde

q x h ld mmn p fmn ldb h bw lbm q mnwm mdm ih q ld mmn hp

mdv vdmn vbm- i qbh x fmn mdmn mndbm hw q hwmn hw vd vrmn q

mdmn vh mn ldh hj mm lbmd v h vd f oe hw q xm imn zw hmn

md x obm b q nb h cv dmn zw vrm vd nbb- mn vdb vdh dbm mdmn

mndbm hw vremn dmd qb mnb vbw fmn) vc q ve rj mdmn mdw hw cb hj

hdmd vd vrmn vremn mh b qb xm pdc zw pdv vrbm cv dmn zw ldmn

hd vrm vd vrmn twv ldw c hm h vd vrmn vbw fmn vremn mh-

:-7Vmn hmn dev mn twv ldw vrh vbpHmn vh twv ldw vrh vbp zw rj vd vrmn mh mneb qb mdmn vd

vrmn vbc mmn md C) m ) Cgtbhe hm h hd vrmn q zwjm vc dm

mj- Cwm vdh dbm h bw ) mdv vdbv pdb zwjm vc m hmn vh vc lbc

vdmn vbm vd vrmn) vc lbc b vh- Pdb xm pdc zw Qm Rm mb rbmn qzw Qbv Mjc mb hdwmn nbj mdp qe vd vrmn hhvp em nbj q dmn w vd

nbb q hdmn cbmd h hdv imn m md hmn md mnwm hwmn fb fe hj xm

pdc m- Cmd fm c rmn q vm fmn zwjm d dp vh qb hh b vh mh

mneb- Xm xmn dp vh vdge dmn vrje b c ch) ldej dh l vdwv) mdp

ldw vrjmn vdbv o hmn mnd) twv ldw xm pdc--

Q pdj h zwjm v hdh j pdmn) hm v hdh qbh lbc xev hdv imn

zw twv ldw rj vd vrmn vrm h djb xm pdc zw q q vbmd fw zw c oe

mn hdv imn hj zw Qm Rm- Dm hd m ch vb j hmn vh twv ldw) cwj

om md i q cjmd cm md dbm vb hj hh d nbj md) DVT- Vmn hmn dev

mn TL qb x imn im qb ch nb vr tmn mn qb vbc mmn vdh x hj h

zw Qm Rm- Nbb pdp m h vd vdh dbm omn hhd hp pdp TL hde cv x

mdmn m q mdv md h ld mmn nbje fhd) vc lbc q dp vh qb hh b


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vh mh mneb) h lbm vdh q mmn ih twv ldw- Hh m q vrm x i w

cb twv ldw hj h qmn zw Qm Rm-

b qb hh vdmd pdm lbmd v vdjc nbj qe mnmd zw j pdmn) hm pdb

dp vv qb hh hdmd xhd hj h zwjm zwm i q ib hd lbmd v iw fb hj xm

pdc zw- Hh xm pdc zw xjw ldb vdw cwj) hd obm mm vp vrwmn q cv w

cb im mdv md vb hh h x m q h hp pdp TL ldb xm pdc TL rj vd

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