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Roberto Busi, Herbicide Technology, University of Western Australia
EVOLUCIÓN Y MANEJO DE LA RESISTENCIA A HERBICIDAS
EVOLUCIÓN Y MANEJO DE LA
RESISTENCIA A HERBICIDASRoberto Busi, Herbicide Technology, University of Western Australia
0
10
20
30
40
Pathogens
Viruses
Animal p
ests
Weeds
Potential loss
Weeds can be the biggest problem
Lo
ss
in
ma
jor
cro
ps
(%
)
Oerke 2006www.zeetings.com/sakura
Llewellyn 2016
www.zeetings.com/sakura
Ref: Llewellyn 1998, Owen et al. 2007, 2014
WA resistance survey - ryegrass
Year
Res
ista
nt
se
ed
sa
mp
les
(%
)
Greater use of pre-em herbicides
in response to resistance
Year
Ref: P Newman 2013
Pre-em herbicides
incorporated at seeding (zero-till)
Field study: selection at high dose
100M seeds 4X treated : no resistance
1st 2nd 3rdMR
(Parent)
Trifluralin resistant
Pyroxasulfone low dose selection
2007 2008 2009
Progeny 3
Parent
Pyroxasulfone g ha-1
0 100 200 300 400
Su
rviv
al (%
)
0
20
40
60
80
100Selected
progeny
Unselected
parent
Resistance to pyroxasulfone
Boxer gold
SLR31 vs P4 + P1 sakura selected + Box P1 rate 4000
3rd
Cross-resistance: prosulfocarb
& triallate
Selection with pyroxasulfone
Cross resistance patterns
Trifluralin
Prosulfocarb + SMOC
Pyroxasulfone Napropamide
Metazachlor Dimethenamid
Resistance mechanism early studies
Synergist:P450 inhibitor
(OP insecticide)
R+
Synergist
+ herbicide
SHerbicide
only
RHerbicide
only
Cabinet sprayerCabinet sprayerCabinet sprayer
n
TrifluralinMix: Trifluralin +
phorateTrifluralin
Trifluralin resistance reversed (-70%)
R R+ S
Phorate + pyroxasulfone (-40%)
RHerbicide
SHerbicide
R+
Herbicide
+SynergistSakura
Mix: Sakura +
PhorateSakura
Pyroxasulfone metabolic resistance
Ref: Busi and Powles et al., unpublished
More rapid decrease of 14C-labelled pyroxasulfone in resistant ryegrass
Pyroxasulfone metabolism likely is GST-mediated
P6M
R S
0
5
10
GST-1
Population
Tra
ns
cri
pt
lev
el (2
-C
t )
*
GST confers pyroxasulfone resistance
Pyroxasulfone
Untreated
USA JAPAN
Pyroxasulfone selection led to cross-resistance to other K3 / N
Pyroxasulfone resistance is metabolic (GST?)
Not reversed by phorate (NOT P450)
Are you still with me?
FULL DOSES
Rotate BETWEEN the boxes
TrifluralinPyroxasulfoneProsulfocarb
TriallatePropyzamide
Extension message for agronomists
FULL DOSES
Rotate BETWEEN the boxes
TrifluralinPyroxasulfoneProsulfocarb
TriallatePropyzamide
Extension message for agronomists
What about mixtures?
0 1 0 2 0 3 0
0
1 0
2 0
3 0
4 0
5 0
Y e a rs
Re
sis
tan
ce
fre
qu
en
cy
(%
)
N o d iv e rs ity (e g 3 , 3 , 3 , 3 )
R o ta t io n s (e g 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 )
M ix tu re s (e g M x 1 2 , M x 1 3 , 4 )
Rotate Mixtures!
Modelling: mixtures delay resistance
1 = Trifluralin; 2 = Prosulfocarb; 3 = Pyroxasulfone; 4 = Propyzamide
Ref: Busi, Renton and Powles, unpublished
nFuture herbicides for ryegrass (2020)
R R S0 2 0 0 4 0 0 6 0 0 8 0 0
0
5 0
1 0 0
F 9 6 0 0 g h a-1
Su
rv
iva
l (
%)
R y e g ra s s
W h e a t
Experimental herbicide
Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC)
A Level 4, East Building, 4 National Circuit, Barton, ACT
2600 Australia
P PO Box 5367 Kingston, ACT 2604 Australia
T +61 2 6166 4500
F +61 2 6166 4599
www.grdc.com.au
@thegrdc @GRDCWest
#GRDCUpdates
Herbicides are the current best tools to control weeds.
Pre-em herbicides are under pressure (know how and use them with care!)
Metabolic cross-resistance traits anticipate herbicide use
Mix and rotate at full dose (synergists? only promising)
Conclusions
Can this work be useful to farmers?
Are you a farmer?
Are you an agronomist?
Do you think herbicide resistance is a problem?
Is it useful to test for field resistance?
Two centres provide
herbicide resistance testing
Southern Australian ‘wheat-belt’
25 M ha
SA
Plant Science Consulting
NSW
Charles Sturt University
$1000 and 10 weeks
Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC)
A Level 4, East Building, 4 National Circuit, Barton, ACT
2600 Australia
P PO Box 5367 Kingston, ACT 2604 Australia
T +61 2 6166 4500
F +61 2 6166 4599
www.grdc.com.au
@thegrdc @GRDCWest
#GRDCUpdates
First
experiments:
7DAT was
encouraging
BUT NOT
ENOUGH!
R
S
Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC)
A Level 4, East Building, 4 National Circuit, Barton, ACT
2600 Australia
P PO Box 5367 Kingston, ACT 2604 Australia
T +61 2 6166 4500
F +61 2 6166 4599
www.grdc.com.au
@thegrdc @GRDCWest
#GRDCUpdates
Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC)
A Level 4, East Building, 4 National Circuit, Barton, ACT
2600 Australia
P PO Box 5367 Kingston, ACT 2604 Australia
T +61 2 6166 4500
F +61 2 6166 4599
www.grdc.com.au
@thegrdc @GRDCWest
#GRDCUpdates
Keep monitoring…
Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC)
A Level 4, East Building, 4 National Circuit, Barton, ACT
2600 Australia
P PO Box 5367 Kingston, ACT 2604 Australia
T +61 2 6166 4500
F +61 2 6166 4599
www.grdc.com.au
@thegrdc @GRDCWest
#GRDCUpdates
Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC)
A Level 4, East Building, 4 National Circuit, Barton, ACT
2600 Australia
P PO Box 5367 Kingston, ACT 2604 Australia
T +61 2 6166 4500
F +61 2 6166 4599
www.grdc.com.au
@thegrdc @GRDCWest
#GRDCUpdates
7 DAYS
Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC)
A Level 4, East Building, 4 National Circuit, Barton, ACT
2600 Australia
P PO Box 5367 Kingston, ACT 2604 Australia
T +61 2 6166 4500
F +61 2 6166 4599
www.grdc.com.au
@thegrdc @GRDCWest
#GRDCUpdates
7 DAYS: Great!!
-> Time consuming
-> OK for 3 herbicides
-> Statistical power?
(5 seedlings tested)
Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC)
A Level 4, East Building, 4 National Circuit, Barton, ACT
2600 Australia
P PO Box 5367 Kingston, ACT 2604 Australia
T +61 2 6166 4500
F +61 2 6166 4599
www.grdc.com.au
@thegrdc @GRDCWest
#GRDCUpdates
Pyroxasulfone (Yamato)
S
R1
R2
Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC)
A Level 4, East Building, 4 National Circuit, Barton, ACT
2600 Australia
P PO Box 5367 Kingston, ACT 2604 Australia
T +61 2 6166 4500
F +61 2 6166 4599
www.grdc.com.au
@thegrdc @GRDCWest
#GRDCUpdates
Herbicide Resistance detected
Glyphosate YES
Paraquat YES
Triallate YES
Trifluralin YES
Prosulfocarb YES
Pyroxasulfone YES
Clethodim YES
Knock-down
PRE
POST
5 DAYS
Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC)
A Level 4, East Building, 4 National Circuit, Barton, ACT
2600 Australia
P PO Box 5367 Kingston, ACT 2604 Australia
T +61 2 6166 4500
F +61 2 6166 4599
www.grdc.com.au
@thegrdc @GRDCWest
#GRDCUpdates
AHRI kit for rapid resistance
detection (5 DAYS)
Farmers / agronomists will
sample fields and test weeds
Trifluralin Pyroxas ClethodimGlyphosate Paraquat Prosulfoc
resistance resistance resistance
Real-time demos to farmers
Weed seeds collected in March-April
0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0
0
1 0
2 0
3 0
4 0
5 0
T r if lu ra lin
E m e rg e n c e (% ) in a g a r
Em
erg
en
ce
(%
) in
po
ts
1 2
3
4
5
7
8
9
1 0
1 1
1 2
1 5
1 6
1 7
S u s c e p t1
S u s c e p t2
R e s is t
Correlation work in progress…
Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC)
A Level 4, East Building, 4 National Circuit, Barton, ACT
2600 Australia
P PO Box 5367 Kingston, ACT 2604 Australia
T +61 2 6166 4500
F +61 2 6166 4599
www.grdc.com.au
@thegrdc @GRDCWest
#GRDCUpdates
A new test for rapid resistance detection (patent pending);
This AHRI test could be highly adopted (work in progress);
Agronomists / growers will make informed decisions and own the data;
Resistance will be managed more effectively.
Conclusions
Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC)
A Level 4, East Building, 4 National Circuit, Barton, ACT
2600 Australia
P PO Box 5367 Kingston, ACT 2604 Australia
T +61 2 6166 4500
F +61 2 6166 4599
www.grdc.com.au
@thegrdc @GRDCWest
#GRDCUpdates
gracias por invitarme aquígracias por invitarme aquígracias por invitarme aquígracias por invitarme aquígracias por invitarme aquígracias por invitarme aquígracias por invitarme aquí
Preguntas???
