REVISION GUIDE

HISTORY

Years • 1300

• 1400• 1500• 1600• 1700• 1800• 1900

CONTENTS

• Kings and Queens of England• Quiz

1300

Black Death disease destroyed about 1/3 of European population.Coming out of the East, the Black Death reached the shores of Italy in the spring of 1348 unleashing a rampage of death across Europe unprecedented in recorded history. By the time the epidemic played itself out three years later, anywhere between 25% and 50% of Europe's population had fallen victim to the pestilence. Hundred Year's War between Britain and France.The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 pitting the House of Plantagenet, rulers of the Kingdom of England, against the House of Valois for control of the Kingdom of France. Each side drew many allies into the war.General assembly of French.During the French Revolution, the National Assembly (French: Assemblée nationale), which existed from June 13, 1789 to July 9, 1789, was a revolutionary assembly formed by the representatives of the Third Estate of the Estates-General; thereafter (until replaced by the Legislative Assembly on Sept. 30, 1791) it was known as the National Constituent Assembly (French: Assemblée nationale constituante), though popularly the shorter form persisted

1400Christopher Columbus discovered America.Columbus led his three ships - the Nina, the Pinta and the Santa Maria - out of the Spanish port of Palos on August 3, 1492. His objective was to sail west until he reached Asia (the Indies) where the riches of gold, pearls and spice awaited. His first stop was the Canary Islands where the lack of wind left his expedition becalmed until September 6.China sailed to the Indian Ocean with advanced fleet.The conquest of Ceuta (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈθeuta]) by the Portuguese on August 14, 1415 marks an important step in the beginning of the Portuguese Empire as well as of European colonial expansion in general.The Treaty of Tordesillas signed by Spain and Portugal, for partitioning the World.In 1493 Pope Alexander VI, issued a papal bull which fixed a demarcation line between new lands that could be claimed by Spain or Portugal. The line followed a circle 100 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands and through the two Poles. Lands already claimed at that time were to remain in the control of the claiming party. This division of the New World applied only to Spain and Portugal. Other countries were not included. Pope Alexander’s line was fixed at 38°W. On June 7, 1494 Spain and Portugal signed a Treaty at Tordesillas, Spain dividing the non-Christian world into two zones. The Treaty moved the line east from Pope Alexander’s line to 46°37’W.

1500Henry VIII breaks with Rome.Having broken the back of the Church in England and Wales, Henry VIII turned on the Pope and Papal power. To some this would have been a natural move as it had been Clement VII who had refused to sanction an annulment of Henry’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon. It could be argued that Clement’s refusal to give in to Henry sparked off a series of events that ended with the Pope’s power being removed from the land later in the century.Jesuits founded.In Rome, the Society of Jesus--a Roman Catholic missionary organization--receives its charter from Pope Paul III. The Jesuit order played an important role in the Counter-Reformation and eventually succeeded in converting millions around the world to Catholicism.First African slaves arrived North America.The origins of slavery in the colonial United States are complex and there are several theories that have been proposed to explain the trade. It was largely tied to European colonies' need for labor, especially plantation agricultural labor in their Caribbean sugar colonies operated by Great Britain, France, Spain and the Netherlands.Most slaves that went to the Thirteen Colonies that became the United States were imported from the Caribbean, not directly from Africa. They arrived in the Caribbean predominately as a result of the Atlantic slave trade. Although slavery of indigenous peoples also occurred in the North American colonies, by comparison it was less important. Thereafter, slave status for Africans usually became hereditary.British and Spanish War on Atlantic.The Anglo–Spanish War (1585–1604) was an intermittent conflict between the kingdoms of Spain and England that was never formally declared.[citation needed] The war was punctuated by widely separated battles, and began with England's military expedition in 1585 to the Netherlands under the command of the Earl of Leicester in support of the resistance of the States General to Habsburg rule.

1600Earl of Essex leads revolt against Queen Elizabeth in London.Essex's Rebellion was an unsuccessful rebellion led by Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex in 1601 against Elizabeth I of England and the court faction led by Sir Robert Cecil to gain further influence at court.Shakespeare's "Othello" was first presented.Othello is a character in Shakespeare's Othello (c.1601–1604). The character's origin is traced to the tale "Un Capitano Moro" in Gli Hecatommithi by Giovanni Battista Giraldi Cinthio. There, he is simply referred to as the Moor. Othello is a brave and competent soldier of advanced years and Moorish background in the service of the Venetian Republic. He elopes with Desdemona, the beautiful daughter of a respected Venetian senator. After being deployed to Cyprus, Othello is manipulated by his Ancient (pronounced Ensign) Iago, into believing Desdemona is an adultress. Othello murders her and, upon discovering Iago's deceit, kills himself.Henri IV of France was assassinated and Louis XIII took his place.Henry IV (13 December 1553-14 May 1610), Henri-Quatre (French pronunciation: [ ʁiˈkatʁ]), ɑ̃�also known by the epithet "Good King Henry", was King of Navarre (as Henry III) from 1572 to 1610 and King of France from 1589 to 1610. He was the first French monarch of the House of Bourbon.Dutch brought first black slaves to Jamestown.The arrival of the “20 and odd” African captives aboard a Dutch “man of war” ship on this day (August 20) in the year 1619 historically marks the early planting of the seeds of the American slave trade. Although American slavery was not a known institution at the time, this group of Africans was the first to go on record to be sold as involuntary laborers.

1700Ottoman Empire Russia War.The Russo–Turkish War of 1686–1700 was part of the joint European effort to confront the Ottoman Empire. The larger European conflict was known as the Great Turkish War.The Russo–Turkish War began after the Tsardom of Russia joined the European anti-Turkish coalition (Habsburg Austria, Poland–Lithuania, Venice) in 1686, after Poland-Lithuania agreed to recognize Russian incorporation of Kiev and the left-bank of the Ukraine.New Orleans founded by the French in North America.The city is named after the Duke of Orleans, who reigned as Regent for Louis XV from 1715 to 1723, as it was established by French colonists and strongly influenced by their European culture. It is well known for its distinct French and Spanish Creole architecture, as well as its cross-cultural and multilingual heritage. New Orleans is also famous for its cuisine, music (particularly as the birthplace of jazz), and its annual celebrations and festivals, most notably Mardi Gras, dating to French colonial times. The city is often referred to as the "most unique in the United States.Cotton mills were first opened in England.Although some were driven by animal power, most early mills were built in rural locations near to fast-flowing rivers and streams and had water wheels to power them. The development of viable rotative steam engines by Boulton and Watt led from 1781 to the growth of larger, steam-powered mills and allowed them to be concentrated in urban mill towns, most notably Manchester, which with neighbouring Salford had more than 50 mills by 1802.

1800The American civil war.The American Civil War began on April 12, 1861, when Confederate shore batteries under General Pierre G.T. Beauregard opened fire on Union-held Fort Sumter in South Carolina's Charleston Bay. During 34 hours, 50 Confederate guns and mortars launched more than 4,000 rounds at the poorly supplied fort, and on April 13 U.S. President Abraham Lincoln issued a proclamation calling for 75,000 volunteer soldiers to help quell the Southern "insurrection." Four long years later, the Confederacy was defeated at the total cost of 620,000 Union and Confederate dead.Queen Victoria became queen.Queen Victoria became queen on the 24th of May 1819 – 22 January 1901. She became England's longest reigning monarch, her offspring governed Europe, she gave her name to an era, but she was only a teenager when she ascended the throne of the world's mightiest empire. The British monarchy had suffered bad times, discredited by the madness of George III (1760-1820), the excesses of George IV (1820-1830), and the unimpressive reign of William IV (1830-37). Victoria was William's niece and had been designated the heir to the childless king from her birth. On Tuesday June 20, 1837 the king died of pneumonia. Great Britain and Ireland merged to become the United Kingdom.United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name of the United Kingdom between 1801 and 1927, reflecting the fact that until 1922, all of Ireland was a part of the state. The state came into being on 1 January 1801 under the terms of the Acts of Union 1800, by which the formerly separate kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland were united. Industrial revolutionThe Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. This transition included going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, improved efficiency of water power, the increasing use of steam power, and the development of machine tools. It also included the change from wood and other bio-fuels to coal.

1900World war 1World War 1 was sparked by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914 and ended with the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. Find out what happened in between these momentous events in this World War 1 timeline.

World war 2World war 2 was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, though related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of "total war", the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust (during which approximately 11 million people were killed) and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centres (during which approximately one million people were killed, including the use of two nuclear weapons in combat),it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history.

The cold warThe Cold War is the name given to the relationship that developed primarily between the USA and the USSR after World War Two. The Cold War was to dominate international affairs for decades and many major crises occurred - the Cuban Missile Crisis, Vietnam, Hungary and the Berlin Wall being just some. For many, the growth in weapons of mass destruction was the most worrying issue.

Man lands on the moon 1969: Man takes first steps on the Moon American Neil Armstrong has become the first man to walk on the Moon. The astronaut stepped onto the Moon's surface, in the Sea of Tranquillity, at 0256 GMT, nearly 20 minutes after first opening the hatch on the Eagle landing craft.

The Titanic sankAt 11.40pm on the night of 14 April 1912, end route to New York and on her maiden voyage, the RMS Titanic struck the iceberg that would ultimately lead to her sinking less than 3 hours later. At around 2.20am on the morning of 15 April, RMS Titanic disappeared beneath the surface of the Atlantic Ocean, a disaster that resulted in the loss of more than 1,500 lives, almost two-thirds of the people on board. In this centenary year, this website is dedicated to their memory.

Some of the kings and queens of England.

Date Rulers (Kings and Queens)

1300 Edward II, Edward III, Richard II, Henry I

1400 Henry VI, Edward IV, Edward V, Richard III, Henry VII

1500 Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary I, Elizabeth I

1600 James I, Charles I, The Commonwealth, Charles II, James II, William III and Mary II

1700 Anne, George I, George II, George III1800 George IV, William IV, Victoria

1900 Edward VII, George V, Edward VIII, George VI, Elizabeth II

1. What year was the black death?

QUESTION 1

1348 1323

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QUESTION 2

2. What date/year did the Columbus led his three ships - the Nina, the Pinta and the Santa Maria - out of the Spanish port of Palos?

August 3rd, 1492

August 8th

, 1455

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QUESTION 3

1493-1567 1585–1604

3. When was the British and Spanish War on Atlantic?

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QUESTION 4

3. What date/year did Dutch brought first black slaves to Jamestown?

August 20th

, 1619 January 18th

, 1418

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QUESTION 5

5. When did New Orleans get founded by the French in North America?

1788 to 1793 1715 to 1723

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QUESTION 6

6. When did queen Victoria become queen?

24th of May 1819

17th

of may 1864

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QUESTION 7

7. What time and date did the titanic sink?

2.20am on the 15th

of April

3.45am on the 13

th of April

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