y8 Textiles Workbook

H A T C H E N D H I G H S C H O O L

Textiles Technology

Name:_____________________________ Tutor Gp: ________

Year 8 Textiles Technology Work Book 1 MPo Feb 2010

Year 8

Introduction

This workbook contains information to help you gain knowledge and understanding in design and technology and to make progress through the National Curriculum Levels.

Your work will be marked according to the schools Assessment for Learning policy, which is aimed at providing you with feedback to help you understand what you have done well and how you can improve your performance. You will be given three reports during the school year and these will include a National Curriculum (NC) level so you can track your progress.

As you work through the lessons you can tick the NC Levels that you have completed. To achieve a particular level you will need to have ticked almost the requirements for that level.

Presentation of Your Work

Write the date on the work you are completing Underline headings with a ruler Write neatly using black or blue pens Cross out mistakes neatly

Draw neatly using a sharpened pencil Use colouring pencils to help you communicate your design ideas Do not doodle on your work

Organisation

In order to help you learn and to record your work you must have sufficient writing and drawing equipment for each lesson.

You must use your link book to record when you have homework and this includes buying and bringing in the ingredients and containers needed for your practical lessons.

You should always keep an eye on the time during practical lessons as work and equipment must be put away before the end of the lesson

If you are absent for a lesson you must see your teacher to find out what work you have missed.


DESIGNING


Level 4 – To get a level 4 you need to communicate alternative ideas using words, labelled sketches and models(may include costing/nutritional analyses)

showing you are aware of constraints. You must:Produce at least 3 different ideas that meet your brief and specification. All ideas must be annotated and justified. Use pencils and rulers where appropriate and present them neatly and clearlyBe able to explain your ideas when askedProduce a model to help explain your idea (this can be a costing or nutritional analysis of a recipe idea)

Level 5 – To get a level 5 you need to complete all of the above and;

Produce a range of ideas (minimum of 4) that meet your design brief and specification and annotated the drawings (describe the ideas further) to help explain them.Make use of the skills that you been taught (focussed tasks) in all your design ideas.

Level 6 – To get a level 6 you must make models and drawings to explore and test your design & discuss your ideas with users. You must produce plans that outline

alternative methods of progressing and develop detailed criteria for your designs and use these to explore design proposals. In addition to level 5 you must;Produce 6 neat, annotated design ideasProduce a quality model to help explain your ideaProduce a survey, use this with your designs and model to find out what the end user thinks. The results of the survey should be summarised using graphs with a final conclusion.Use the survey results and revisit your brief and specification and write a “Mark II” improved versionProduce improved designs as appropriate.

Level 7 – To get a level 7 you must investigate form, function and production processes, using a variety of media. You must recognise the different needs of a

range of users and develop realistic designs. In addition to level 6 you must;Present your ideas in different ways ( computer generated, text, isometric, pictorial). Evaluate and compare your ideas stating their advantages and disadvantagesProduce models to help explain your idea where appropriateProduce a detailed survey and use this with your designs and models to find out what the end user thinks. The results of the survey need to be summarised in a graph with a conclusion.Use the survey results and revisit your brief and specification to write a “Mark II” improved versionProduce improved designs as appropriate.


PLANNING TO MAKELevel 4 – To get a level 4 you must work from your own detailed plans, modifying then where appropriate. You must;

Produce a fully annotated justification of your final idea.You complete a “Plan of Making” sheet

Level 5 – To get a level 5 you need to complete all of the above and also;

Use information about existing products when completing your annotated justification of your final ideaUse information about existing products when completing your plan of making sheet

Level 6 –In addition for level 6 you must;

Have produced a drawing (or diagrams) of your final ideaProduce your own plan of making suggesting alternative materials & manufacturing processes

Level 7 – To get a level 7 you must produce plans that predict the time needed to carry out the main stages of making products. In addition to levels 5 & 6 you must;;

Produce an accurate and detailed drawing of your final idea with all the necessary information including sizes, weights etc.Produce a list of material and equipment you will needProduce your own stage by stage plan of making and include timings and health and safety considerations.


MAKING YOUR PRODUCTLevel 4 – To get a level 4 you must work with a range of tools, materials, equipment, components and processes with some precision. You will check your

work as it develops and modify your approach in the light of progress. You must;Select and work with the range of tools as shown by your teacher, using each appropriately.Work safely at all times and report any problems to the teacher immediatelyFinish the product and make it accurately


Select and work with the range of tools as shown by your teacher, using each appropriately and accuratelyCheck the progress of your product and make modifications as necessary during making.

Level 6 –To get a level 6 you must work with a range of tools, materials, equipment, components and processes and show that you understand their characteristics. You

check your work as it develops and modify your approach in the light of progress. In addition to level 5 you must;Make a note of any changes or modifications you make to your original plan. You make a note of health and safety points and check on your brief and specification during makingChoose tools needed to measure and use them accuratelyChoose tools from a range to shape and form your productChoose the most appropriate finishing techniques and finish your product to a high standardWork safely at all timesMake the product accurately and complete it to a high standard

Level 7 – To get a level 7;you must work with a range of tools, materials, equipment, components and processes and show that you understand their

characteristics. You check your work as it develops and modify your approach in the light of progress. In addition to level 6 you must;Note any modifications and the reasons for them. You note health & safety issues and predict how long stages will take. You keep a check on the brief and specificationMeasure accurately to within acceptable tolerancesShape and form carefullyChoose the most appropriate finishing techniques and finish your product to a high standard, working safely.Finish your product to a high standard in every aspect.


TESTING AND EVALUATINGLevel 4 – To get a level 4 you must understand the situations in which your designs will have to function and are aware of resources as a constraint. You

evaluate your product and use different information sources. You must;Identify good points about your productIdentify areas for improvementShow that you have reflected on your design idea as it develops, and use your knowledge and previous experience in modifications


Show that you understand the situations in which your product will be used


Evaluate how effectively you have researchedShow how you have used the results of your research to inform your decisions when designing and makingEvaluate your product when it is being used and identify ways of making improvements relating back to your brief and specification

Level 7 – To get a level 7 you must;

Select appropriate techniques to evaluate how your product meets the brief and specificationSelect appropriate techniques to evaluate how it meets the needs of the userUse the information from evaluation to detail how you would improve your performance and the outcome of the project.


Some Useful Spellings

DesignSafetyTextilesTechnologyFibreFabricMeasuringNeedleEquipmentDevelopmentResearchSewSewing MachineScissorsStitchWidthLengthButton Hole

(Add to this list, any words you find difficult to spell as you go through the year)


WHAT IS DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY?

D & T is about using different materials to design and make things to meet our needs

and wants prepares you so that you can participate in tomorrow’s rapidly changing society will help you learn to think creatively so that you can solve problems and improve

the quality of life allows you to develop a range of ideas to meet our needs and wants allows you to make some of your ideas so that you can develop a range of skills involves testing and evaluating you work, both the design ideas and the practical

to see of they are suitable.

During the next two years at Hatch End High school you will be following courses in Food, Textiles and Resistant Materials as part of your timetable of lessons. At the end of Year 9, your teachers will have to award you an end of Key Stage 3 level on a scale of 1-8, and this is what you will need to be working towards in your lessons.

Course Content for Textiles Technology


Safety EquipmentFibres and FabricsUsing the Sewing MachineDesign & Make taskSpecificationsFlow Charts

AppliquéStencilling/Fabric PensTransfer printingCAD/CAMPlanningLots of practical work!

My Experiences In Textiles TechnologyUse the space below to record what you have done so far in terms of Textiles Technology at your Primary School and also if you have done any textiles work at home;

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________


Remember to follow the schools Ground Rules for Behaviour for Learning


Follow instructions, first time, every time. Keep hands, feet and objects to yourself. Be fully equipped for every lesson Arrive on time ready to learn Treat every person and your environment with respect.

BEHAVIOUR FOR LEARNING GROUND RULES

Also remember to put up your hand to ask or answer a question – do not shout out!

When the teacher is talking or one of your group is contributing to the lesson – KEEP QUIET and listen

And lastly try your very best each and every lesson.

Fill in the missing words, think carefully about each one and make sure you remember them when working in the textiles room.

Room Safety

1. Do not _____________, walk!

2. Place your bag safely under the _______________ to avoid tripping up!

3. Never ________________ items of equipment across the room.

4. Place your chair back under the table when leaving your _______________ .

5. Listen and follow the teacher’s ________________________to ensure you

work safely.


Handling Scissors

1. Hold scissors by the closed ____________________ when handing them to

other people or when carrying them around the room.

2. Do not leave scissors near the ____________ of the table.

3. Use scissors carefully to _______ out accurately.

Use of the Sewing Machine

1. Do not let your ________________ become too close to the machine needle

2. Do not ______________ to a person using the sewing machine.

3. Do not ______________ the sewing machine unless it is switched off.

4. When using the machine, ____________________________ fully and do not

get distracted.

Needles and Pins

1. ______________ up any needles or pins if you drop them

2. Never put needles or pins in your _______________________.

Ironing

1. Switch off the __________ as soon as you have finished using the iron.

2. Place the iron in an __________________ position when you have finished

using it.


3. If you accidentally burn yourself, place the burn under the __________ water

tap immediately.

Dyeing

1. When using dyes wear a plastic __________ and rubber gloves for protection.

2. If you get dyes on your __________ be sure to wash them thoroughly.

3. Some dyes are __________ and you should never lick your fingers when using

them.

4. Ensure the room is well _____________________________ to allow fumes

to escape.

Missing Words

VentilatedColdMouthConcentrateCutInstructionElectricityUprightPickApronBlades

ThreadTableHandsSeatToxicTalkFingersEdgeRunThrow


Write down the hazards on the next page and explain the possible consequences.


1

2

3

4 56

7 89

10

11

14

12 13

15

16

Hazards and Consequences

Use on line to write what the hazard is and the other to state the possible consequence – an example has been completed for you.

1. Hazard – bags and blazers left lying on the floor _______________________

Consequence – someone could trip up over them, fall over and injure themselves

2. ______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

4. ______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

5. ______________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

6 . _____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

7. _____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

8. _____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

9. _____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

10. _____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

11. _____________________________________________________________


_____________________________________________________________

12. _____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

13. _____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

14. _____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

15. _____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

16. _____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________


Complete the sentences using an item of equipment from the list below.

PinsTacking threadTape measureNeedlePaper scissors

IronSewing machineSmall, sharp scissorsPinking shearsTailor’s chalk

Sewing threadBobbinLarge tableSeam ripperCutting-out shears


1 We use _____________________ ____________ for cutting out the

material.

2. When cutting threads and making small cuts into the fabric, we use

___________, ____________ ___________________.

3. ___________________ ______________ is used to mark the fabric.

It can be easily washed away after use and does not leave a permanent mark.

4. Fabric is laid out on a large, flat surface such as a ______________

_____________ before pinning on the paper pattern.

5. _____________ _________________ are used to cut out the paper

pattern.

6. _________ are used to hold the paper pattern in place on the fabric.

7. A _____________ _______________ is the most expensive item of

equipment and must be handled with care.

8. An ___________ is used to get rid of any creases in the fabric.

9. A __________ ___________________ is used to take body

measurements.

10. A strong ______________ ____________ is used to permanently

stitch the fabric together.

11. We fill a _______________ with thread and insert it into the sewing

machine.

12. _______________ _______________ can easily be removed after

machining. It is used as guideline for accurate machining.

13. A __________ _______________ is used for cutting open seams and

buttonholes. It can also be used to unpick wobbly machine stitching!

14. ________________ ____________ are used for finishing fabric

edges or seams by producing a zig-zag edge to stop fraying of the fabric,

and in some cases to produce and attractive finish.

15. You need to concentrate carefully to thread the eye of the ____________

first time!

Where do fabrics come from?

Fabrics are manufactures from a yarn, which is made from fibres.A fibre is the smallest element of a fabric; it looks rather like a human hair.

Fibres come from several different sources; they can be either natural or manufactured.

Natural fibres come from animals or plants. Manufactured fibres come from two different sources. They can be made from minerals such as oil or coal, or they are natural fibres which have chemicals added to them. These fibres are referred to as regenerated cellulose fibres. For example, rayon, wood pulp or cotton waste (cellulose) are mixed with chemicals to manufacture regenerated fibres.

How are fabrics made?

Before a fabric can be manufactured, a yarn ahs to be produced. Yarns are made from fibres. Each fibre has its own set of properties, and each method of making a fabric has its own setoff characteristics.

The fibre and method of making a fabric combine together to produce fabrics that are suitable for very different uses. There are 3 main methods used to manufacture fabrics;

Weaving Knitting Bonding (also called non woven)

Natural fibres are usually short and known as staple fibres Manufactured fibres are long and are known as continuous filament fibres. Micro-fibres are fibres that are manufactured so they are ten times finer than a human hair. These fine fibres are used to make modern fabrics, often from a manufactured source, such as Tencel.

Now answer these questions;

1. What is a fibre?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

2. What is a yarn made up from?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

3. What is a fabric?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

4. Which two main sources do we get fibres from?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

5. What is a staple fibre?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

6. Name the three main methods used to manufacture fabrics.

______________________________________________________________Finding out about fabrics

Fabric is a word that describes the material we use to make clothes. It is also used for things like curtains and furniture coverings, and for carpets and rugs. It is even used for more unusual things like astro-turf, synthetic wigs, parachutes, car seat belts, tyres, artificial blood vessels and drainage solutions in the constructions industry.From the moment you woke up this morning you have been in contact with fabrics.

Make a list of the different fabrics you have touched or used today;

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Look at your list carefully. Did all the fabrics look or feel the same? You will probably have noticed that the fabrics are different because they are needed for different purposes. Fabrics have to be suitable for different jobs and they have different properties.

Can you find these words in the word search?

ClingyComfortCoolCreaseDryElasticFineFirm

FluffyHairyLightProtectSmoothSoftStiffStretchy

StrongThick

WarmWarm

T B L S T R E T C H Y

H A C M C L I N G Y F

I N C O M F O R T P I

C A C O O L U R E M R

K R E T S U F I N E M

L I G H T F A D B R E

P O W A R F S S R S L

U H A I R Y S T O Y A

S T R O N G H I S F S

V I M L E R M F B A T

R C R E A S E F A S I

S A L P R O T E C T C

Textiles are fabrics made from fibres

An example of a FIBRE is shown in the box opposite

The names of some different fibres are

_______________________ _______________________

_______________________ _______________________

Fibres are then twisted or __________________ into a _____________

An example is shown in the box opposite

To construct a fabric yarns may be combined either by

_____________________________ or by __________________________

Examples of these fabrics are shown on the boxes below

Natural Fibre

Fabric 1 Fabric 2

A local gift shop has decided to develop its range of textile items by commissioning a series of decorative wall hangings. The wall hangings must appeal to all customers and depict a popular theme that could be identified with a certain group of customers.

Analysis of Design Situation

Study the design situation and underline or highlight the words that you think are important and will help you to identify what you need to do for this project.

Use the important (Key) words to create a brainstorm that will make you think of useful items to consider when designing and making your product.

MUSIC

SPORT

Animals

Under the Sea

OUTER SPACE

CARS

Hearts & Flowers

In the Jungle

Countries of the world

On the Farm

Hallowe’en

Christmas

EidDiwali

Butterflies & Insects

Summer Holiday

Fruit

Easterr

Be My Valentine Superheroes

Save the Planet

?Winter time At the beach

You will make your wall hanging using 4, pre-cut pieces of fabric, that you will decorate using different techniques. These techniques may include:

Appliqué Stenciling Fabric pen Transfer printing Hand and machine embroidery

You will need to identify the following;

What you will be making Who it is for Where it will be sold and where it will be used

You will also need to consider these points;

Materials to be usedEquipment availableThemeColour SchemeDecorative techniquesTimescaleCost of finished itemScale of production

Design Brief

I am going to design and make _____________________________

____________________________________________________.

It will be aimed at _____________________________ and will be

suitable for batch production and sale in the gift shop.

The design brief is a short statement that identifies what you will be designing and making, who it will be aimed at and where it could be sold

Analysis of Design

Situation

Design Specification

A design specification is a list of points that your product must have. This has been started for you. You should think of some more points to finish it off

My product will;

Be approximately 30cm square Be made from cotton fabric Use a range of decorative techniques

Hints: What do you want it to look like? Who will it need to appeal to? What theme will it have? How much do you think it could sell for? Where will it be used?

Design Ideas

You will need to create a minimum of 4 design ideas that could be used on a wall hanging, using the theme you have chosen

Think of items associated with your chosen theme and a colour scheme that would be appropriate. You should think about the background colours and the images you will be placing on them.

You will need to choose one of your ideas – to help you do this you could ask other people which one of your design ideas they like the best, and why. You could also ask them if they could suggest any improvements.

Des

ign

Id

eas

12

34

You will now have to choose one of your design ideas and develop it.

You designs should be relatively bold and simple as you will be using a range of different decorative techniques to apply your design ideas to fabric.

You will need to think about the colours that will be suitable for your wall hanging in terms of the background for your images as well as the actual images themselves

An example of a wall hanging design is shown below. It will have 4 sections.

Fin

al D

esig

n I

dea

What is AppliquéAppliqué is a French word and means that fabric is applied one onto another to make motifs and designs for clothes and all sorts of textile items. The easiest fabric to use for appliqué is felt as it is quite thick and the edges do not fray.

Steps for making an appliqué sample

1. Draw your design onto a piece of scrap paper that is the same size as the fabric you will be using for your wall hanging. Your design should not touch the edges of the paper – there should be a border of approximately 2 cms around the design.

2. Using a pair of paper scissors cut out the shapes that make up the design. So for example the Sun would be a circle and 2 triangles (one small and one large). You do not need to cut out all eight triangles as you can use the two paper patterns several times.

3. Find some coloured felt so make your design. Pin the paper patterns onto the felt, making sure that the pattern is close to the edge to make sure fabric is not wasted.

4. Using fabric scissors, cut out the felt using the paper pattern as your guide. Remove the paper pattern from the felt shapes.

5. Pin the felt shapes onto your chosen cotton background so that your design is recreated.

6. Using a needle and thread sew the felt pieces to the backing fabric using large stitches – this is called “tacking”.

7. Remove the pins – you are now ready to machine sew the appliqué.

8. Once you have sewn it with the machine, remove the tacking stitches.

Add the names of the sewing machine parts to the diagram above

NeedlePresser FootInner hand wheelOuter Hand WheelButton Hole SelectorStitch Width SelectorStitch Length Selector

Thread GuideTake Up LeverTension DiscPattern SelectorNeedle PositionTeeth PositionTeeth(Feed Dog)

Take a few moments to review the work you have done and decide what level you think you are working at. Use the NC level descriptors at the front of this booklet to help you decide.

What progress do you think you are making 4 = Excellent, 3 = Good, 2 = Needs improvement, 1 =No progress

Enter a grade for effort, behaviour and homework. (Excellent, Good, Acceptable, Unacceptable)

In the comment box write what you think you need to do to improve your performance.

What level do I think I am working at?

What progress am I making?

(4 = Excellent, 3 = Good, 2 = Needs improvement, 1 =No progress)

Effort

(Excellent, Good, Acceptable, Unacceptable)

Behaviour


Homework


Comment

Stencilling is a method of adding fabric paint to fabric using a cut-out design.

Method

1. Draw your design on a piece of brown paper. Remember that you need to section the design so that when cuts are made the design does not fall apart.

2. You will now need a cutting mat and craft knife. Use masking tape to secure the brown paper to the cutting mat. Carefully cut out the shapes on the brown paper so that holes are left that paint can pass through to create you design.

3. Spread newspaper over your work area and wear an apron. Choose fabric paints suitable for your design and some clean sponges.

4. Place your brown paper stencil over your piece of fabric and secure with masking tape.

5. Dip the edge of the sponge in a small amount of fabric paint and wipe off the excess. Carefully dab the painted sponge over the stencil so that paint is applied through the holes in the brown paper and onto the fabric. Be careful not to apply too much paint or it may smudge underneath the paper.

6. Carefully remove the brown paper and place your fabric in a safe place to dry.

An example of a stencil design is shown below – the designs demonstrate common problems with designs. Remember that single lines are no good as a single cut in the paper will not allow paint to be applied.

X

Fabric pens are a little like felt tips in the way they work, but they have special ink that will bond with the fabric when it is heated by ironing.

There are only certain colours that are available and these cannot be mixed like paints to make different colours or shades. They are very good for straight lines but need to be handled carefully to achieve a good result.

When using them to colour in larger areas of your design you have to try not to apply evenly so that you do not get a darker line where you colour over fabric that already has that colour on it.

As the pen is applied it makes the fabric slightly damp so you have to plan where you are going to apply colour, so that you avoid colours “running” into each other and spoiling your design. You can apply the iron after each colour to dry out the fabric before the next colour is applied.

When using pens make sure the table is protected by a sheet of newspaper and make sure the lid of the pen is replaced when you have finished using it.

Transfer printing is a modern technique that uses ICT effectively to produce designs on fabric.

You will be working with computers to design an image that would be suitable for the theme of your wall hanging. This may be using the internet or clipart to find a suitable image. To gain a higher level you could demonstrate your ICT skills by modifying the image in some way. This could be achieved by placing the image into MS Paint and using some of the functions to change colours or add or delete parts of the image.

A more advance level could be achieved if you could successfully draw your own design then scan this into the computer so that it could be used as a transfer print.

Once you have found or made a suitable image (A5 size) you will need to print this out onto special transfer paper. The paper is coated with a type of plastic that holds the image and it can be transferred onto fabric using an iron.

To get the best possible result it is best to transfer the image onto white fabric and this can then be appliquéd onto your wall hanging fabric. If the image is transferred directly onto coloured fabric, especially dark coloured fabric the colours may be lost due to the interference of the dye already on the coloured fabric.

Machine embroidery is a relatively quick way of adding colour to fabric. The special machine has a computer incorporated into it’s design that holds a range of different images and texts that may be transferred onto fabric using embroidery thread and thousands of stitches.

The machine has a key pad that is used to choose your design and place it where you decide on a piece of fabric. There are some limits to the machine - it does not have a limitless supply of designs so you have to choose carefully one that complements your seasonal theme. Lettering needs to be sized carefully as it is restricted by the size of the embroidery frame that holds your fabric.

The colours of the designs or lettering can be chosen to fit in with your particular colour scheme and all you have to do is choose the thread colours for each part of your design – you do not have to follow the recommended colours the computer shows you.

As the machine punctures your fabric hundreds of times during the embroidery process your fabric needs to be strengthened. This is done by using a piece of interfacing. This is a special type of fabric that may be ironed onto the reverse of your fabric before it is placed in the embroidery frame. There is an adhesive on the interfacing that melts when ironed and holds it onto your fabric.

Winter Spring

Summer Autumn

Diary of Making For A Wall Hanging.

The first few steps have been completed for you – you should now fill this in to record how you made your wall hanging.

Step No.

Description of process and diagram

Equipment & Materials

Used

Health & SafetyPoints

1. Design 4 ideas

PencilA3 plain paperPencil sharpenerEraserColoured pencils

Be careful with sharp end of pencil

2. Choose 1 of the ideas that most closely meets the design specification and draw out a working drawing

PencilA4 paperPencil SharpenerEraserColoured Pencils

Be careful with sharp end of pencil

3. My first decorative technique was _______________

4. My second Decorative technique was ________________

5. My third decorative technique was ________________________

6. My fourth decorative technique was ___________________

7. Pin, tack and sew first two panels together

8. Pin tack and sew panels 1&2 and 3 & 4 together

9. Cut a back piece for the wall hanging

10. Cut tabs for the wall hanging and pin and tack in place.

11. Assemble front and back piece with tabs in correct place, pin, tack and sew together, leaving a gap to turn it inside out.

12. Turn wall hanging inside out and top stitch the gap to finish.

13. Evaluate wall hanging against original design specification.

Look back at your design specification and say how your design meets or does not meet the specification. Say what you found difficult and explain how you overcame any problems. Did you finish? Did you work independently? How could you improve?

Design Specification

How well did your final product meet your design specification?______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

What techniques did you use when making your wall hanging?

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

What was the easiest technique to complete and which was the hardest?______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

Did you encounter any problems? How did you solve them?______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

Look closely at your wall hanging and identify 3 good points and explain what they are.______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

Now look again and identify 3 areas where you think it could be improved______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

These pieces of work will be set for you if;

You have worked well and completed the set tasks in the lesson

You have a cover lesson

Design Situation

The local sports centre wants a new image for it’s staff. The image should involve a modern colour scheme/pattern and a suitable logo to be displayed on its staff uniform. The uniform includes shirt, shorts, trainers and baseball cap. The name of the sports centre is “Sports World”

What you have to do…..

Choose either the male or female sports model sheet

Create a design suitable for the sports centre think about shapes, colours and patterns and apply it to the models. The colour scheme should ideally have no more than 4 colours for the whole uniform.

Create a suitable logo that includes the name of the centre and has a sporting theme to it.

Apply your ideas to the models – you should develop more than one idea

Extension

You could also develop a range of other sports accessories such as boot bags, sports bags, racquet covers, towels, swimwear and so on. Design and draw these on a blank piece of paper.

Using the design sheet showing two ties, your task is to design a new tie for Hatch End High School

You should design two ties one for boys and one for girls – think carefully about what appeals to each group – designs and colours.

So, as part of the tie design specification, you will have the following points;

Must appeal to either teenage boys or girls

Must reflect the schools crest

Must reflect the colours for one year group

Must be a modern and original design

A variety of different lines can be used

Straight horizontal lines

Straight vertical lines

Straight diagonal lines

Curved lines

Draw your design carefully in pencil, then use colouring pencils to finish it off.

Under the heading “Motivation for design” explain why you chose the colours

Find the words from the box in the word square below

Polyester Acrylic Lycra Wool Cotton NylonSilk Plastic Viscose Terylene Linen LeatherPVC Suede Natural Man-made Knitted

WovenTrousers Jumper Shirt Tie Vest Sock

T Y B A C R Y L I C L CR P R C T A X A R C Y LO L O A E D E U S E S OU A R L R E S P D N H OS S E E Y E O B O E I WE T P A L E C H K L R MR I M T E F S A S P T AS C U H N B I T T M W NE N J E E O V P E I O MS P Y R I O S S V R V AT E L L E T R U O C E DV A G C O T T O N C N EM E O N E N I L J U K NW A S I L K N I T T E DT H V T I L A R U T A N

Now you have to tick the correct box below to say whether the fabrics are natural or man-made.

Fabric Natural Man-Made

Fabric Natural Man-made

1 Polyester

8 Lycra

2 Silk 9 Viscose3 PVC 10 Wool4 Acrylic 11 Terylen

e5 Plastic 12 Cotton6 Suede 13 Linen7 Leather 14 Nylon

Most textile products must comply with safety standards

The British Standards Institution (BSI) sets the safety standards for products such as buggies, toys and electrical goods.

Any product that has been manufactured under a BSI recognized safe system, agreed with the manufacturer and supplier, carries the kitemark.

The products that have a BSI kitemark (as shown) are tested regularly at the BSI testing centre.

The British Electrotechnical Approvals Board (BEAB) tests electrically powered products such as irons and sewing machines.

Products sold with the letters CE on comply with European legislation on safety.

When designing and making, a manufacturer must ensure that the product is not a safety hazard to the consumer.

Examples of tests that are made on a textiles product;Fabrics:Does the fabric burn or melt easily? For example, it is particularly important that the fabric for children’s nightwear is non-flammable

Fastenings:Are the fastenings safe and secure? Does the item have secure buttons, zips and toggles? For example, eyes on soft toys must be firmly fixed.

Fabric InsulationDoes the product provide sufficient insulation? For example, oven gloves – is the insulation sufficient to prevent the user being burned?

Questions

1. Who sets the safety standards for children’s toys?

______________________________________________________________

2. If a product carries a kitemark what does it mean?

______________________________________________________________

3. Children can be at risk from a badly made textile item. List 5 things that you would look for to ensure that a soft toy for a child is safe.

a) _________________________________________________________

b) _________________________________________________________

c) _________________________________________________________

d) _________________________________________________________

e) _________________________________________________________

4. Think of 6 textile items that you could find in your home and complete the table below to investigate how safe they are. You could use catalogues such as Argos to help you identify textile items.

Name of Textile Item

Description Safety Points Hazards/Dangers

Teddy Bear Toy made from fur with plastic eyes.

No sharp edges Loose eyes

When you choose a fabric for a textile item, you need to consider the properties that it has.Some of the things you may need to consider are shown below;

Properties Questions to ask

Flammability How easily does it catch fire?

Elasticity Does the fabric regain its shape when

stretched?Durability How hard-wearing is it?

Crease resistance Does the fabric crease easily?

Appearance How does it look and feel?

Colour fastness Does the fabric absorb moisture?

Absorbency Does the fabric absorb moisture?

Warmth How good is the material at keeping in the heat?

You may also consider the price of the fabric and its availability.The chart below shows the properties of some common fibres used in the production of fabrics.

Absorbency

Strength Flammability

Warmth Elasticity Cost

Cotton

Silk

Wool

Nylon

Lycra

Questions

1. Using the words from the charts on the previous page, say what properties you would want the following items to have. Explain why.

Item Properties Explanation

Oven Gloves

Tea Towel

Jumper

Swimming costume

Tie

2. What do the following terms mean?

a) Absorbent __________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b) Colour-fast _________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c) Crease-resistant _____________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d) Elastic _____________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3. What fabric would you choose to make a school shirt from? Explain your answer.

Fabric for school shirt: _______________________________________

Explanation: _______________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

A fastening is something which opens or closes an item of clothing or a textile product. Fastenings are usually chosen for their suitability for a product but sometimes they are chosen as a design feature.

Types of fastening include;

Laces Hook & Eye Zip ButtonsPress Studs Velcro Ribbons

See if you can match up the fastening with the description

Name of Fastening

Description

A common means of fastening textile itemsAvailable in all shapes and sizesOften round and flat with holes in the centreThreaded through eyelet holes and fastened at the bottomOften made from fabricCan be different coloursOften at top of small zipNot very stringOften fiddly to attachAttractiveEasy to fastenNot very secureTeeth which mesh togetherCannot be pulled apartCan be made of metal or plasticMust be matched up with a holeOften used on baby clothesComes on many colours, shapes and sizesMade form two woven polyamide tapesCovered either with very fine hooks or loopsInterlock when strips pressed together

Now complete the table below by drawing a picture of the fastening, give two examples of garments or products on which you would expect to find that fastening. In the last column give a reason why this is a suitable fastening for the product.

Name of Fastening

Diagram Garment or product that

Reason for use

fastening could be found on

Button

1.

2.

Zip

1.

2.

Hook & Eye

1.

2.

Velcro

1.

2.

Laces

1.

2.

Press stud

1.

2.

Ribbons

1.

2.

Some of the processes used in producing textile items can affect the environment. To see how environmentally friendly a product is scientists carry out an analysis of;

a) the effects of extracting the raw materialsb) the processing of raw materialsc) the production process

d) the disposal of the product when its life come to an end

Raw Materials

The extraction of raw materials always causes some damage to the environment e.g. the removal of rainforests is thought to be contributing towards global warming. This is because the rainforests produce oxygen and help to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

Sustainable forestry is helping to minimize the damage. Trees grown from saplings are allowed to mature before being cut down. New trees are then planted to replace those felled, in this way forests are not destroyed but sustained.

Natural fibres e.g. wool and cotton derived from plants and animals are replaceable and recyclable as long as the plants and animals are managed in an environmentally friendly way. Synthetic (man-made) fibres are made from coal or oil. These are non-renewable and their extraction can cause environmental damage.

Disposal

Some products, disposed of as refuse, rot away naturally is they are biodegradable. Some worn out clothes are collected in charity boxes and recycled to be made into mattress fillings and carpet underlay. Others may be burned and the fumes discharged straight into the atmosphere, again adding to global warming.

Production

Raw materials have to be transported to the mills for manufacture. This transportation causes global pollution. Modern transportation with cleaner, more efficient engines helps keep pollution to a minimum. The production of textile items within factories needs energy, this energy will have by-products which are discharged into the atmosphere. The longer the product lasts, the fewer products that have to be made. Designing products with a long life reduces environmental damage.

Questions

1. How would a scientist check to see how environmentally friendly a textile product is?

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

2. Why are people concerned that the removal of the rainforest is having a massive effect on our environment?

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

3. What steps are being taken to prevent the removal of the rainforest?

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

3. Which fibres used in industry are environmentally friendly and why?

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

5. How can we reduce the amount of global pollution occurring in the textile industry

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

6 Why are manufacturers of textiles encouraged to make products with a long life cycle?

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

7. How can we dispose of textiles products in an environmentally friendly way?

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

Many textile items that are manufactured (made on a large scale) and sold in the shops have a care label put on to them.

The care label gives instructions on how to look after the item or garment.

The instructions are given by using the International Care Labelling Code.

The code is based on the 5 symbols shown below

Symbols Description Meaning

Wash tubThe wash tub shows that it may be machine washed. The number indicates the temperature of the water.

Wash tub with hand

Indicates that is must be washed by hand rather than by machine.

Wash tub with cross

Indicates that it should not be washed

IronIndicates that it may be ironed

Circle with a letter

Indicates the item is suitable for dry cleaning.

Circle in a square

Suitable for tumble drying - one dot means at low temp

Symbols with a cross on them, like the no washing one above, means that the textile item is unsuitable for that method of cleaning or care.

In the space below draw a care label that would be suitable for your wall hanging.

Circle the hazards in this textiles technology room..

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

Documents

y8 Textiles Workbook