XYI. New Irish Lichens. B y the Rev. Pi. A. LEIGHTON, B.B.Cmnli., F.L.S., F.B.fl.Bd., &c.

(Plate XXXIII.)

Rend April 5th, 1877.

PE~~,T~JSJ!&IA INCBRNATA, Leight. Thdlus creumy-white, thin, tartareous, efise, smooth, plane, mivmtely 1,inzzcloso-di~rctct. (I( - C - .> Apothecia single, of a waxy appeurcmce, puler thart i?&e t hullus, prominieat, sessile, depresso-g lobose, variable in size according t o age, in maturity large ; ostiolum yellowish Jlesh-colour, lecunoroid, at first sinall and round, poriform, eventually dilated urtd urceolate, swrrounded by a broad, thick, pule, waxy, thnlliize nmryin ; hymenium in section ceraceo-gelatinose, flesh-coloured ; paraphyses slender, more or less branched and entangled, apices colourless ; spores 2, colourless, very l w g e , liiieai*i-oblong or ellipsoid, simple, with a very narrow limb or epispore.

On granite rocks, very rare, Kylemore, co. Galway, Ireland, M?*. Lurbalestier

Spores *062--067 mm. long, *033-*035 mm. broad. This beautiful lichen is excessively rare, and apparently quite new to science.

( I 8‘75). Gelatina hymenea I violet.

It has occurred only once to Mr. Larbttlestier, whose indefatigable and skilful lichenological researches in the west of Ireland have added so many and such rare novelties to our lichen- flora. In general external aspect it a good deal resembles Lecunora epzcloticcr, Ach., for which it might cursorily be readily mistaken ; but the number, size, and shape of’ the spores and other characters keep them abundantly apart. It seems allied to Pertusurin rhodoEeuca, Th. Fries ; but that species is at once distinguished by its 8 smaller spores. Pertusaria rhodoca~pa of Garovaglio’s ‘ Comment. de Pertusariis Europ. Med.’ p. 8, t. iv. f. 4, is like it in the large size and narrowly limbed two spores, but differs in growing on mosses, and having a verrucoso-granulose thallus and coacervate aggregate numerous apothecia. Garovaglio’s plant, which he refers doubtfully to P. rhodocarpa, Krbr. (Syst. p. 384), cannot be identical with that German lichen, inasmuch as Th. Fries, who has examined an original specimen from Korber, in Lich. Scand.’ p. 322, refers Korber’s lichen to Yuricellaria rhodocarya, Th. Fr., which has an immense single 1-septate spore- and is represented in Th. Fr. L. Scand. Exs. 73 ! and has reaction E-, C crimson, and is altogether different in its sorediate thallus.

LECIDEA POLOSPORA, Leight. Thallus white or albo-glaucous, very thin and filmy, effuse, smooth, and somewhat shining, uoequal or rugulose (K- C-> ; apothecicc black, minute, scattered, adrzate, plane, with a narrow slightly prominent margin, at length plano-convex and immarginate ; hypotheciune aigro-fuscous ; hymenium

24.2 THE REV. W. A. LEIGHTON ON NEW IRISH LICHENS.

colourless ; paraphyses distinct, thickish, apices globular, nigro-fuscous ; spores 8 , elliptical, fuscous, with a paler fusc0u.s roundish cell at euch cpex.

On old thorn-bushes, very rare. Ballinahinch churchyard, co. Galway, Irelaud,

Much resembling in general aspect Zecidea myyiocurpa, DC. Gelatina hymenea The peculiar shape and

Mr. Larbalestier (1877).

I deep blue. Spores -02--022 rnm. long, *009 mm. broad. structure of the spores keep it as an entirely distinct species.

LECIDEA GRUMOSA, Leight. Thallus evanescent ; apotheciu rufo-ficscescent, minute, scat- tered, adnato-sessile, plano-convex, the slight margin soon obliterated ; Iaypothecium colourless ; hymenium yellow, yrumozcs ; paraphyses altogether indistinct, apices colourless ; spores 8, in lineari-obovate asci, colourless, oblong, simple, Jilled with very minute spherical granules.

On pine-bark, rare. A very singular species.

Ballinahinch, co. Galmay, Ireland, Mr. Zarbalestier (1877). Gelatina hymenea I blue, then fulvescent. Spores -013-

,015 mm. long, .007-*009 mm. broad.

LECIDEA ANTROPHILA, Larbal. Thallus ochraceo-virescent, thin, effuse, pzclverulento- furfuraceous (K- C -) ; upothecia fulvo-rufescent, small, scattered, excessively convex and prominent, sessile, hamarginate, a very pale narrow margin only appeur- ing whefi wetted ; hypothecium darkly fulvo-rufescent, thick ; hymenium coloixrless ; paraphyses indistinct, apices colowrless ; spores 8, colourless, linear, or lineari-oblong, simple, very minute.

Miderlin! near Kylemore, co. Galway, Ireland, Z r .

A very

On the interior of caves, rare.

Gelatina hymenea I very pale blue. Larbalestier (1877).

Tle,emarkable and apparently distinct species. Spores -009 mm. long, -0025 mm. broad.

CALICIUM KYLEMORIENSE, Larbal. Parasitical on a whitish thallus, apparently that of Aecanora cinerea, L. ; apothecia excessively minute, shortly stipitate ; capitulum cruteriform, nigro#uscous, somewhat shining ; stipes tiery short, of a paler whitish colour ; paraphyses entangled, branched ; spores fuscous or fusco-nigrescent, spha- rical, with a distinct narrow epispore, variable in size.

On shady rocks, rare. Miderlin! near Kylemore, co. Galway, Ireland, Mr. Lacrba-

Spores *006-~008 mm. diam. A very beautiful new species. bstier (1877).

VERRECARIA LARBALLESTIERII, Leight. !Phallus albido-glaucescent, thin, tartareous, effuse, minzctely rinzuloso-difract ; a r e o h plane, smooth, somew7~at shilzing, having 1 or 2 apotliecia in the centre of each areola; (I( yellow, C - ;) apothecia black, moderately layge, sew i-immersed, internally dark, nigro-fzEscous ; ostiolum hemi-

THE REV. W. A. LEIGHTON ON NEW IRISH LICHENS. 8Lj<:{

sphwical, prominent, shining ; epithecium a minute depressed pore ; perithecizcm black, entire ; paraphysee none ; spores 8, fiuco-nigricant, oblorhg, l-septate, minute.

On granite rocks, rare. Near Kylemore ! co. Galway, Ireland, Mr. Ladmlestier

A delicately beautiful species, to which I give the name of its talented discoverer. (1877).

Spores -016 mm. long, .008-*0085 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I -.

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XXXIII.

Fig. 1. Pertusaria incarnata. and the nature of the apothecia.

Fig. 2. Vertical section of apothecium of the same, enlarged. Fig. 3. Spores of the same lichen, magnified 600 times. Fig. 4. Lecidea polospora. Fig. 5 . Its paraphyses, also very considerably enlarged. Fig. 6. Spores of the same lichen, magnified 1200 times. Fig. 7. Lecidea grumosa. Vertical section of an apothecium, enlarged. Fig. 8. Ascus of L. grumosa, enlarged. Fig. 9. Spores of the same lichen, magnified 1200 times. Fig. 10. Lecidea antrophila. Fig. 11. Spores of L. antrophila, magnified 1200 times. Fig. 12. Caliciurn kylernoriense. Fig. 13. An apothecium of the same, enlarged. Fig. 14. Spores of this lichen, magnified 1200 times. Fig. 15. Verrucaria Larbalesfierii.

Fig. 16. Vertical section of the apothecium, also enlarged. Fig. 17. Spores of the same lichen, magnified 1200 times.

Enlarged view of the thallus, to show the peculiar structure, the position,

Vertical section of apothecium, enlarged.

Section of apothecium, enlarged.

Three of the apothecia, of natural size.

Enlarged view of the thallus, to show its structure and the positioii of the apothecium.