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7/29/2019 WtW Utusan Borneo Sarawak Final
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'Watching the Watchdog'Malaysian Media Coverage of GE13
Final Individual Report: UTUSAN BORNEO SARAWAK
15/08/13
Dr Tessa J. HoughtonSchool of Modern Languages and Cultures
Director of the Centre for the Study of Communications and CultureUniversity of Nottingham Malaysian Campus
in collaboration with
Comments and feedback welcomed at:
[email protected] 523 4575
or
Masjaliza HamzahExecutive Officer
Centre for Independent [email protected]
03-4023-0772/4024-9840
The work is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 3.0
http://www.nottingham.edu.my/Modern-Languages/index.aspxhttp://www.nottingham.edu.my/Modern-Languages/CentrefortheStudyofCommunicationsandCulture/index.aspxmailto:[email protected]://cijmalaysia.org/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/http://www.nottingham.edu.my/Modern-Languages/CentrefortheStudyofCommunicationsandCulture/index.aspxmailto:[email protected]://cijmalaysia.org/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/http://www.nottingham.edu.my/Modern-Languages/index.aspx7/29/2019 WtW Utusan Borneo Sarawak Final
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Table of ContentsExecutive Summary of Key Results for UTUSAN BORNEO SARAWAK..........................................................3Section 1: Media Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions.......................................................................... 5
1.1 Volume of Coverage of Parties & Coalitions......................................................................................... 5Figure 1: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions.......................................................... 5Figure 2: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs. Opposition vs.
Independent/Other........................................................................................................................................61.2 Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions...............................................................................7Figure 3: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Political Parties & Coalitions............................................7Figure 4: Negative Political Party & Coalition Coverage ....................................................................8Figure 5: Positive Political Party & Coalition Coverage.........................................................................9Figure 6: Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs. Opposition vs.Independent/Other.....................................................................................................................................10
Section 2: Media Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures.......................................................................112.1 Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures.......................................................................11
Figure 7: Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures....................................................... 11Figure 8: Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures: Government vs. Opposition vs.Independent/Other.....................................................................................................................................12
2.2 Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources.......................................................13Figure 9: Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources........................................13Figures 10: Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures As Sources: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other..........................................................................................................14
2.3 Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures............................................................................15Figure 11: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Politicians & Political Figures......................................15Figure 12: Negative Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures.......................................................16Figure 13: Positive Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures..........................................................17Figure 14: Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures: Government vs. Opposition vs.Independent/Other.....................................................................................................................................18
2.4 Tone of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures As Sources: Attack Politics or Negative
Campaigning......................................................................................................................................................19Figure 15: Attack Politics: Which Politicians and Political Figures Employ 'Attack Politics' MostOften?............................................................................................................................................................ 19Figure 16: Attack Politics: Which Coalition Employs Attack Politics Most Often?..........................20
Section 3: Media Coverage of Issues.................................................................................................................213.1 Volume of Media Coverage of Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues..................................................21
Figure 17: Coverage of Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues.................................................................21Figure 18: Media Coverage of Policy Issues.........................................................................................22Figure 19: Media Coverage of Non-Policy Issues................................................................................23
Section 4: A Brief Methodology..........................................................................................................................24Section 5: Appendix 1 Tables..........................................................................................................................25
.................................................................................................................................................................................. 25Section 6: Appendix 2 Coding Scheme......................................................................................................... 32
2 UTUSAN BORNEO SARAWAK
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Executive Summary of Key Results for UTUSAN BORNEOSARAWAK
Introduction
Like all modern elections, it the Malaysian 13th General Election was fought primarily through themedia the so-called 'watchdogs' of democracy.
But how effective were Malaysian media outlets at providing fair and objective informationabout national politics? How well did they inform Malaysian citizens about their political environment,and thus enable them to make informed decisions about who to vote for?
The Watching the Watchdog project monitored coverage from 28 media newspapers, televisionnews broadcasts, online news sites as well as the national press agency, in four languages (English,Bahasa Malaysia, Mandarin, and Tamil); in Sabah and Sarawak as well as in Peninsular Malaysia,during the month spanning April 7th to May 7th 2013 (31 days in total). It is a collaboration betweenthe University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus and the Centre for Independent Journalism.
The key results summarised below pertain to the individual publication addressed in this report.
Key Results
In scrutinising the GE13 coverage provided by Utusan Borneo Sarawak, we found the followingtrends:
(1) Coverage of Parties & Coalitions
The mention-level coverage dedicated to each major coalition was skewed heavily towards
BN.
PR were attacked (69.66%) and covered negatively (59.38%) more then BN, with BNreceiving more positive coverage (87.36%).
Of all the tonal categories used in the coverage of political parties and coalitions, the neutralcategory was used the most often (54%), followed by the positive category (32%).
(2) Coverage of Politicians and Political Figures
Who is talked about the most? And how are they talked about? The volume of mention-level coverage given to politicians from both coalitions was skewed
towards BN (61%).
Of all the tonal categories used in the coverage of politicians and political figures, theneutral category was used the most often (54%), followed by the positive category (34%).
However, of the non-neutral material, more negative coverage and attacks were given to PR,while BN was given the most positive coverage.
Who is used as a source the most? And who engages in attack politics the most?
Taib Mahmud and Najib Razak were used as sources most often.
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Politicians from BN were used as sources more often (54%) than both PR politicians (13%)and independent/other political figures (33%).
Taib Mahmud and Najib Razak) were first and second most commonly engaged in attackpolitics.
Overall, BN coalition politicians engaged in attack politics much more often (76%) than either
opposition politicians or independents/others.
(3) Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues
Non-Policy Issues were given more coverage than Policy Issues.
The Non-Policy Issue of Economy & Development was the most covered issue overall.
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Section 1: Media Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions
1.1 Volume of Coverage of Parties & Coalitions
Figure 1: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions
BN received the most coverage (51.69%), followed by DAP, PKR, PR, then SUPP..
Refer to Table 1 for figures.
5 UTUSAN BORNEO SARAWAK
BN
DAPPKR
PR
SUPP
Other
PAS
PBB
SPDP
UMNO
PRS
MCA
MIC
Gerakan
PRM
PBS
PSM
SAPP
UPKO
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
51.69
9.507.08
6.35
6.35
5.65
5.36
2.88
2.50
1.26
0.78
0.17
0.12
0.10
0.07
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.00
Volume
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Figure 2: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other
Once parties/coalitions' coverage volumes are combined, the mention-level coveragededicated to each major coalition was skewed heavily towards BN.
Refer to Table 2 for figures.
6 UTUSAN BORNEO SARAWAK
BN
PR
Independent
Other
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
65.89
28.29
0.17
5.65
Volume
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1.2 Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions
Figure 3: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Political Parties & Coalitions
Of all the tonal categories used in the coverage of political parties and coalitions, the neutralcategory was used the most often (54%), followed by the positive category (32%).
7 UTUSAN BORNEO SARAWAK
6%9%
54%
32%Attacked
Negative
Neutral
Positive
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Figure 4: Negative Political Party & Coalition Coverage
BN were the most negatively covered (24.15%), followed by DAP (17.61%) then PAS(15.34%).
PR were the most attacked (37.61%), followed by Others (17.52%), DAP (17.09%), PAS(9.83%), then BN (7.69%).
Refer to Table 3 for figures.
8 UTUSAN BORNEO SARAWAK
BN
DAP
PAS
PR
PKR
SUPPOther
UMNO
SPDP
PRS
MCA
PBB
Gerakan
MIC
PBS
PRM
PSM
SAPP
UPKO
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Attacked Negative
Coverage Volume
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Figure 5: Positive Political Party & Coalition Coverage
BN received the most positive (80.05%) coverage by a very significant margin.
Refer to Table 3 for figures.
9 UTUSAN BORNEO SARAWAK
BN
DAP
SUPP
PKR
Other
PASPBB
PR
SPDP
PRS
UMNO
MCA
MIC
PRM
Gerakan
PBS
PSM
SAPP
UPKO
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Posi tive Neutral
Coverage Volume
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Figure 6: Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other
When coalition and party coverage is combined into the two opposing coalitions, we see thatoverall, PR were attacked (69.66%) and covered negatively (59.38%) more then BN, withBN receiving more positive coverage (87.36%).
Refer to Table 4 for figures and below for ratios.
CoverageType
BN : PRTonal
Weighting
Positive 1 : 0.12 32%Neutral 1 : 0.46 54%
Negative 1 : 1.63 9%
Attacked 1 : 5.43 6%
10 UTUSAN BORNEO SARAWAK
Attacked
Negative
Neutral
Positive
Attacked
Negative
Neutral
Positive
Attacked
Negative
Neutral
Positive
BN
PR
Independent & Other
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
12.82
36.36
63.79
87.36
69.66
59.38
29.19
10.25
17.52
4.26
7.01
2.39
Coverage Volume
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Section 2: Media Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures
2.1 Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures
Figure 7: Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures
Only the top 20 most mentioned politicians are shown on this graph.
Out of these 20, Najib Razak received the most mentions by a significant proportion(35.76%), followed by Taib Mahmud (10.54%) then Anwar Ibrahim (10.4%).
Refer to Table 5 for full figures.
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Najib Razak
Taib Mahmud
Anwar Ibrahim
Alfred Jabu
Yong Teck Lee
Chong Chieng Jen
Lim Guan Eng
Nik Aziz
William Mawan
Lim Kit Siang
Baru Bian
Wong Soon Koh
Karpal Singh
Wong Ho Leng
Rosmah MansurAmbiga Sreenevasan
Khalid Ibrahim
Muhyiddin Yassin
Musa Aman
Mahathir Mohamad
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
35.76
10.54
10.40
5.98
4.27
3.42
3.42
2.71
2.71
2.42
2.28
1.99
1.57
1.57
1.421.14
1.14
1.00
1.00
0.85
Coverage Volume
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Figure 8: Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other
When the mentions of individual politicians and political figures are combined and mergedinto their respective coalitions, we can see that coverage of figures from both major coalitionswas skewed towards BN (61%).
Refer to Table 6 for figures.
12 UTUSAN BORNEO SARAWAK
61%
32%
7%
BN
PR
Independent/Other
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2.2 Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources
Figure 9: Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources
Of the politicians and political figures tracked, Taib Mahmud was used as a source mostoften (23.39%), followed by Najib Razak (21.95%), then Muhyiddin Yassin (7.75%).
Refer to Table 7 for figures.
13 UTUSAN BORNEO SARAWAK
Taib Mahmud
Najib Razak
Muhyiddin Yassin
Election Commission Spokesperson
Anwar Ibrahim
Baru Bian
Lim Guan Eng
Lim Kit Siang
Mahathir Mohamad
Hadi Awang
0 5 10 15 20 25
23.39
21.95
7.75
6.04
5.52
3.42
2.10
1.45
0.53
0.26
Coverage Volume
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Figures 10: Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures As Sources: Governmentvs. Opposition vs. Independent/Other
Politicians from BN were used as sources more often (54%) than both PR politicians (13%)and independent/other political figures (33%).
Refer to Table 7 for figures.
14 UTUSAN BORNEO SARAWAK
54%
13%
33%
BN
PR
Independent/Other
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2.3 Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures
Figure 11: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Politicians & Political Figures
Of all the tonal categories used in the coverage of politicians and political figures, theneutral category was used the most often (54%), followed by the positive category (34%).
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34%
54%
8%5%
Positive
Neutral
Negative
Attacked
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Figure 12: Negative Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures
In terms of the tone of mentions of politicians and political figures, Anwar Ibrahim receivedthe most negative coverage (41.51%) and attacks (45.46%).
Nik Aziz was second most attacked (27.27%).
Refer to Table 8 for full figures.
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Anwar Ibrahim
Chong Chieng Jen
Alfred Jabu
Baru Bian
Najib Razak
Nik Aziz
Mahathir Mohamad
Mohamad 'Mat' Sabu
Lim Kit Siang
Nurul Izzah
Dzulkefly Ahmad
Hadi Awang
Hassan Ali
Khalid Ibrahim
Rosmah Mansur
Taib Mahmud
Tian Chua
Lim Guan Eng
Abdul Rahman Dahlan
Ambiga SreenevasanAzmin Ali
Bernard Dompok
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Attacked Negative
Coverage Volume
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Figure 13: Positive Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures
In terms of the tone of mentions of politicians and political figures, Najib Razak received themost positive (59.57%) and neutral coverage (29.19%).
Refer to Table 8 for figures.
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Najib RazakTaib Mahmud
Anwar Ibrahim
Yong Teck Lee
Alfred Jabu
William Mawan
Chong Chieng Jen
Lim Guan Eng
Wong Soon Koh
Rosmah Mansur
Lim Kit Siang
Baru Bian
Wong Ho Leng
Karpal Singh
Khalid Ibrahim
Musa Aman
Nik Aziz
James Masing
Hadi Awang
Ambiga Sreenevasan
Muhyiddin Yassin
Mahathir Mohamad
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Posi tive Neutral
Coverage Volume
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Figure 14: Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other
Overall, more negative coverage and attacks were given to PR, while BN was given the mostpositive coverage.
It should, however, be remembered that the neutral tonal category is overwhelmingly thelargest category.
Refer to Table 9 for figures and below for ratios.
CoverageType
BN : PRTonal
Weighting
Positive 1 : 0.2 33%
Neutral 1 : 0.48 53%
Negative 1 : 4.1 8%
Attacked 1 : 15.5 6%
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Attacked
Negative
Neutral
Positive
Attacked
Negative
Neutral
Positive
Attacked
Negative
Neutral
Positive
BN
PR
Independent/ Other
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
6.06
18.87
60.27
79.57
93.94
77.36
29.19
16.09
0.00
3.77
10.54
4.35
Coverage Volume
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2.4 Tone of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures As Sources: AttackPolitics or Negative Campaigning
Figure 15: Attack Politics: Which Politicians and Political Figures Employ 'Attack Politics'
Most Often?
This graph is weighted to show attack politics as a proportion of overall use as source.
Taib Mahmud (30.95%) then Najib Razak (23.81%) were first and second most commonlyengaged in attack politics, followed by Muhyiddin Yassin (19.05%) then Anwar Ibrahim(16.67%).
Refer to Table 10 for figures.
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Taib Mahmud
Najib Razak
Muhyiddin Yassin
Anwar Ibrahim
Baru Bian
Lim Guan Eng
Mahathir Mohamad
Ambiga Sreenevasan
Chua Soi Lek
Hadi Awang
Hassan Ali
Jeffrey Kitingan
Khalid Ibrahim
Lim Kit Siang
Musa Aman
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
30.95
23.81
19.05
16.67
2.38
2.38
2.38
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Attack Volume
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Figure 16: Attack Politics: Which Coalition Employs Attack Politics Most Often?
This graph is weighted to show attack politics as a proportion of overall use as source.
Overall, BN coalition politicians engaged in attack politics much more often (76%) than eitheropposition politicians or independents/others.
Refer to Table 10 for figures.
20 UTUSAN BORNEO SARAWAK
76%
21%
2%
BN
PR
Independent/Other
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Section 3: Media Coverage of Issues
3.1 Volume of Media Coverage of Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues
Figure 17: Coverage of Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues
More coverage overall is given to Policy Issues than Non-Policy Issues.
Refer to Table 11 for figures.
21 UTUSAN BORNEO SARAWAK
57%
43% Policy Issues
Non-Policy Issues
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Figure 18: Media Coverage of Policy Issues
Of all Policy Issues covered, the Economy and Development were given the most coverage,followed by Vision Policies and Programmes then Education.
Refer to Table 11 for figures.
22 UTUSAN BORNEO SARAWAK
34%
4%
49%
6%
0%1%1%2%
2%
Policy Issues
VisionPolicies/ProgrammesEnvironmentEconomy/DevelopmentEducationForeign PolicyDomestic Policy, Crime &National SecurityOppressive LegislationHealthReligion
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Figure 19: Media Coverage of Non-Policy Issues
Of all Non-Policy Issues covered, Ethnicity was given the most coverage, followed byDemocracy & Human Rights, Socioeconomic Status, then Electioneering.
Refer to Table 11 for figures.
23 UTUSAN BORNEO SARAWAK
31%
5%
22%
20%
0%
5%
18%
Non-Policy Issues
Ethnicity
Religion
Democracy & Human Rights
Socioeconomic Status
Mudslinging
Gender
Electioneering
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Section 4: A Brief Methodology
Dates analysed: 7/4/13 07/05/13 (nd = 31 days)
Number of data points/references identified and analysed: ndp = 13607
Number of articles identified and analysed: na = 842
Average number of articles/day: na/d = 27
Data Collection
The data was collected or 'coded' using sentence-level content analysis. A team of around 70'coders' from all over Malaysia, from both private and public universities, and from civil society,coded their assigned media on a daily basis.
Stories 'coded' were selected according to the following criteria:
They were within the Malaysian news section/s of the newspapers including the front page, orwere the paper's editorial (if they run one).
They were from pre-defined 'Malaysian News' areas of the news websites monitored, with'snapshots' taken at 8pm daily.
They were from within the TV news broadcasts.
They were more than 1/3 about the election, and were news stories as opposed to columns,opinions pieces, letters, etc (with the exception of the paper's own editorial, if present).
Within each story, category/operator references were identified and coded at the sentence level
(from period to period). The 21 categories identified and their sub-categories or 'operators' areoutlined in Appendix 2. These 21 categories form the 'unit of analysis' for this study.
Tone (positive, negative, neutral, attacking, or attacked) was determined based on matching eachreference to a media frame or frames, supportable via emotive/descriptive/subjectivelanguage/vocabulary utilised by the either the news personnel or the source beingquoted/paraphrased. As such, tone is not based upon coder opinion but on linguistic data. Coderswere instructed to 'code as neutral' whenever there was a lack of linguistic data to support apositive/negative/attacking/attacked frame, or whenever they were unsure/conflicted.
Data Analysis
The data was analysed using the open source software package GNU Octave (a multi-disciplinarymathematical data analysis programme capable of SPSS/NVIVO-level statistical analysis, as well asmuch higher-level mathematical analysis). Scripts were composed to count occurrences of key data-codes, as specified by the project's finite code-listing set (see Appendix 2), for every row of codeddata (i.e. every reference). Where appropriate, code-count occurrences have been normalised toprovide the percentage of these key-code occurrences.
24 UTUSAN BORNEO SARAWAK
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Section 5: Appendix 1 Tables
25 UTUSAN BORNEO SARAWAK
TABLE 1
Party Percentage
BN 51.685
DAP 9.503
Gerakan 0.09697
MCA 0.1697
MIC 0.12121
PAS 5.3576
PBB 2.8848
PBS 0.048485
PKR 7.0788
PR 6.3515
PRS 0.77576
PRM 0.072727
PSM 0.048485
SAPP 0.048485
SPDP 2.497
SUPP 6.3515
UMNO 1.2606
UPKO 0
Other 5.6485
TABLE 2
Party Percentage Coalition Percentage
BN 51.685
BN 65.891025
Gerakan 0.09697
MCA 0.1697
MIC 0.12121
PBB 2.8848
PBS 0.048485
PRS 0.77576
SPDP 2.497
SUPP 6.3515
UMNO 1.2606
UPKO 0
PR 6.3515
PR 28.2909DAP 9.503
PAS 5.3576
PKR 7.0788
PRM 0.072727
Independent 0.169697PSM 0.048485
SAPP 0.048485
Other 5.6485 Other 5.6485
TABLE 3
Attacked Negative Neutral Positive TOTAL
BN 7.6923 24.148 43.996 80.046 155.8823
DAP 17.094 17.614 10.632 3.698 49.038
Gerakan 0 0 0.091659 0.15408 0.245739
MCA 0.42735 0 0.22915 0.077042 0.733542
MIC 0 0 0.22915 0 0.22915
PAS 9.8291 15.341 5.637 1.3097 32.1168
PBB 0.42735 0 4.1247 2.0031 6.55515
PBS 0 0 0.091659 0 0.091659
PKR 5.1282 12.216 8.9368 2.9276 29.2086
PR 37.607 14.205 3.9872 2.3112 58.1104
PRS 0 0.28409 1.2374 0.30817 1.82966
PRM 0 0 0.13749 0 0.13749
PSM 0 0 0.091659 0 0.091659
SAPP 0 0 0.091659 0 0.091659
SPDP 0 2.5568 3.6664 1.0786 7.3018
SUPP 0 5.1136 9.3034 3.0046 17.4216
UMNO 4.2735 4.2614 0.82493 0.69337 10.0532
UPKO 0 0 0 0 0
Other 17.521 4.2614 6.6911 2.3883 30.8618
Parties &Coalitions
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26 UTUSAN BORNEO SARAWAK
TABLE 4
BN
Attacked 12.8205
Negative 36.36389
Neutral 63.794448
Positive 87.364962
PR
Attacked 69.6583
Negative 59.376
Neutral 29.193
Positive 10.2465
Attacked 17.521
Negative 4.2614
Neutral 7.011908
Positive 2.3883
Independent &Other
TABLE 5
Politician/Political Figure
Abdul Rahman Dahlan 0.2849
Alfred Jabu 5.9829
Ambiga Sreenevasan 1.1396
Anwar Ibrahim 10.399
Azmin Ali 0.14245
Baru Bian 2.2792
Bernard Dompok 0
Chong Chieng Jen 3.4188
Chua Soi Lek 0
Dzulkefly Ahmad 0.14245
Elizabeth Wong 0.14245
G. Palanivel 0
Hadi Awang 0.5698
Hassan Ali 0.14245
Hishamuddin Hussein 0.14245
Ibrahim Ali 0.2849
James Masing 0.5698
Jeffrey Kitingan 0
Karpal Singh 1.567
Khalid Ibrahim 1.1396
Khalid Samad 0
Lim Guan Eng 3.4188
Lim Kit Siang 2.4217
Liow Tiong Lai 0.14245Mahathir Mohamad 0.8547
Maximus Ongkili 0
Mohamad 'Mat' Sabu 0.42735
Muhyiddin Yassin 0.99715
Musa Aman 0.99715
Najib Razak 35.755
Ng Yen Yen 0.14245
Nik Aziz 2.7066
Nizar Jamaluddin 0
Nurul Izzah 0.71225
Rafizi Ramli 0
Rosmah Mansur 1.4245
Siti Mariah Mahmud 0
Taib Mahmud 10.541
Teresa Kok 0.14245
Tian Chua 0.42735
Tony Pua 0
William Mawan 2.7066
Wong Ho Leng 1.567
Wong Soon Koh 1.9943
Yong Teck Lee 4.2735
Percentage(mention)
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27 UTUSAN BORNEO SARAWAK
TABLE 6
Politician/Political Figure Party etc. Percentage Coalition Percentage
Chua Soi Lek
MCA 0.2849
BN 61.11085
Liow Tiong Lai
Ng Yen Yen
G. PalanivelMIC 0
Alfred JabuPBB 16.5239
Taib Mahmud
Maximus Ongkili PBS 0
James Masing PRS 0.5698
William Mawan SPDP 2.7066
Wong Soon Koh SUPP 1.9943
Abdul Rahman Dahlan
UMNO 39.03135
Hishamuddin Hussein
Mahathir Mohamad
Muhyiddin Yassin
Musa Aman
Najib Razak
Bernard Dompok UPKO 0
Chong Chieng Jen
DAP 12.53575
PR 31.62425
Karpal Singh
Lim Guan Eng
Lim Kit Siang
Teresa Kok
Tony Pua
Wong Ho Leng
Dzulkefly Ahmad
PAS 3.8462
Hadi Awang
Khalid Samad
Mohamad 'Mat' Sabu
Nik Aziz
Nizar Jamaluddin
Siti Mariah Mahmud
Anwar Ibrahim
PKR 15.2423
Azmin Ali
Baru Bian
Elizabeth Wong
Jeffrey Kitingan
Khalid Ibrahim
Nurul Izzah
Rafizi Ramli
Tian Chua
Ambiga Sreenevasan Bersih 1.1396
7.26495
Hassan Ali Independent 0.14245
Ibrahim Ali Perkasa 0.2849
Rosmah Mansur 1.4245
Yong Teck Lee SAPP 4.2735
Independent/Other
'1st lady'
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TABLE 7
Politician/Political Figure Coalition Percentage
Chua Soi Lek 0
BN 53.74503
Mahathir Mohamad 0.52562
Muhyiddin Yassin 7.753
Musa Aman 0.13141
Najib Razak 21.945
Nazri Aziz 0
Taib Mahmud 23.39
Anwar Ibrahim 5.5191
PR 13.00933
Baru Bian 3.4166
Hadi Awang 0.26281
Jeffrey Kitingan 0.13141
Khalid Ibrahim 0
Lim Guan Eng 2.1025
Lim Kit Siang 1.4455
Nik Aziz 0.13141
Ambiga Sreenevasan 0.13141
Independent 33.24592
Hassan Ali 0.13141
Vox Pop Male 10.118
Vox Pop Female 4.9934
11.827
6.0447
Percentage(source)
Public Opinion/Vox PopGeneral
Election CommissionSpokesperson
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TABLE 8
Politician/Political Figure Attacked Negative Neutral Positive
Abdul Rahman Dahlan 0 0 0.27027 0.43478
Alfred Jabu 0 7.5472 5.6757 5.6522
Ambiga Sreenevasan 0 0 0.54054 2.6087
Anwar Ibrahim 45.455 41.509 8.1081 2.1739
Azmin Ali 0 0 0.27027 0
Baru Bian 3.0303 5.6604 2.1622 1.7391
Bernard Dompok 0 0 0 0
Chong Chieng Jen 0 11.321 3.7838 1.7391
Chua Soi Lek 0 0 0 0
Dzulkefly Ahmad 0 1.8868 0 0
Elizabeth Wong 0 0 0 0
G. Palanivel 0 0 0 0
Hadi Awang 0 1.8868 0.81081 0
Hassan Ali 0 1.8868 0 0
Hishamuddin Hussein 0 0 0.27027 0Ibrahim Ali 0 0 0.54054 0
James Masing 0 0 0.81081 0.43478
Jeffrey Kitingan 0 0 0 0
Karpal Singh 0 0 1.8919 1.7391
Khalid Ibrahim 0 1.8868 1.8919 0
Khalid Samad 0 0 0 0
Lim Guan Eng 9.0909 0 2.973 4.3478
Lim Kit Siang 6.0606 1.8868 2.1622 2.1739
Liow Tiong Lai 0 0 0 0.43478
Mahathir Mohamad 3.0303 3.7736 0.54054 0.43478Maximus Ongkili 0 0 0 0
Mohamad 'Mat' Sabu 0 3.7736 0.27027 0
Muhyiddin Yassin 0 0 0.54054 0.86957
Musa Aman 0 0 1.3514 0.86957
Najib Razak 3.0303 5.6604 29.189 59.565
Ng Yen Yen 0 0 0.27027 0
Nik Aziz 27.273 3.7736 1.3514 0.43478
Nizar Jamaluddin 0 0 0 0
Nurul Izzah 3.0303 1.8868 0.54054 0.43478
Rafizi Ramli 0 0 0 0
Rosmah Mansur 0 1.8868 2.4324 0
Siti Mariah Mahmud 0 0 0 0
Taib Mahmud 0 1.8868 14.324 7.8261
Teresa Kok 0 0 0.27027 0
Tian Chua 0 1.8868 0.54054 0
Tony Pua 0 0 0 0
William Mawan 0 0 4.5946 0.86957
Wong Ho Leng 0 0 2.1622 1.3043
Wong Soon Koh 0 0 2.4324 2.1739
Yong Teck Lee 0 0 7.027 1.7391
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TABLE 9
BN
Attacked 6.0606
Negative 18.868
Neutral 60.2698
Positive 79.56503
PR
Attacked 93.9401
Negative 77.3584
Neutral 29.1894
Positive 16.08676
Attacked 0
Negative 3.7736
Neutral 10.54048
Positive 4.3478
Independent/Other
TABLE 10
Politician/Political Figure Coalition Percentage
Chua Soi Lek 0
BN 76.191
Mahathir Mohamad 2.381
Muhyiddin Yassin 19.048
Musa Aman 0
Najib Razak 23.81
Nazri Aziz 0
Taib Mahmud 30.952
Anwar Ibrahim 16.667
PR 21.429
Baru Bian 2.381
Hadi Awang 0
Jeffrey Kitingan 0
Khalid Ibrahim 0
Lim Guan Eng 2.381
Lim Kit Siang 0Nik Aziz 0
Ambiga Sreenevasan 0
Independent 2.381
Hassan Ali 0
Vox Pop Male 0
Vox Pop Female 2.381
0
0
Percentage(source +attacking)
Public Opinion/Vox PopGeneral
Election CommissionSpokesperson
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TABLE 11
Issues Coverage PI/NPI Coverage
Vision Policies/Programmes 12.427
Policy Issues 36.76504
Environment 1.3234Economy/Development 17.85
Education 2.3241
Foreign Policy 0.12912
Domestic Policy, Crime & National Security 0.54874
Oppressive Legislation 0.51646
Health 0.77469
Religion 0.87153
Ethnicity 8.5216
27.79212
Religion 1.2912
Democracy & Human Rights 6.0362
Socioeconomic Status 5.4551
Mudslinging 0.12912
Gender 1.3557
Electioneering 5.0032
Non-PolicyIssues
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Section 6: Appendix 2 Coding Scheme
1. Politician or Political Figure (Mentioned)
1. Abdul Rahman Dalan
2. Alfred Jabu3. Ambiga Sreenevasan4. Anwar Ibrahim5. Azmin Ali6. Baru Bian7. Bernard Dompok8. Chong Chieng Jen9. Chua Soi Lek10. Dzulkefly Ahmad11. Elizabeth Wong12. G. Palanivel13. Hadi Awang14. Hassan Ali15. Hishamuddin Hussein
16. James Masing17. Jeffrey Kitingan18. Karpal Singh19. Khalid Ibrahim20. Khalid Samad21. Lim Guan Eng22. Lim Kit Siang23. Liow Tiong Lai24. Mahathir Mohamad25. Maximus Ongkili26. Mohamad 'Mat' Sabu27. Muhyiddin Yassin28. Musa Aman
29. Najib Razak30. Ng Yen Yen31. Nik Aziz32. Nizar Jamaluddin33. Nurul Izzah34. Rafizi Ramli35. Rosmah Mansur36. Siti Mariah Mahmud37. Taib Mahmud38. Teresa Kok39. Tian Chua40. Tony Pua41. William Mawan42. Wong Ho Leng
43. Wong Soon Koh44. Yong Teck Lee
2. Politicians or Political Figure (Used as a Source)
1. Ambiga Sreenevasan (Bersih)2. Anwar Ibrahim (PKR)3. Baru Bian4. Chua Soi Lek5. Hadi Awang6. Hassan Ali7. Jeffrey Kitingan8. Khalid Ibrahim9. Lim Guan Eng
10. Lim Kit Siang11. Mahathir Mohamad
12. Muhyiddin Yassin13. Musa Aman14. Najib Razak
15. Nazri Aziz16. Nik Aziz17. Taib Mahmud18. Vox Pop Male19. Vox Pop Female20. Public Opinion/Vox Pop General21. Election Commission Spokesperson
3. Party or Coalition
1. BN (Barisan Nasional)2. DAP (Democratic Action Party)3. Gerakan (Malaysian People's Movement
Party)
4. MCA (Malaysian Chinese Association)5. MIC (Malaysian Indian Congress)6. PAS (Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party)7. PBB (Parti Besaka Bumputera Bersatu)8. PBS (Parti Bersatu Sabah)9. PKR (People's Justice Party)10. PR (Pakatan Rakyat)11. PRS (Sarawak People's Party)12. PRM (Parti Rakyat Malaysia)13. PSM (Parti Sosialis Malaysia)14. SAPP (Sabah Progressive Party)15. SPDP (Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party)16. SUPP (Sarawak United People's Party)
17. UMNO (United Malays National Organisation)18. UPKO (United Pasokmomogun KadazandusunMurut Organisation)
4. Organisations
1. Bersih2. Community-based organisations.3. Democracy- or human rights-oriented
organisations (excluding Bersih)4. Environmentally-oriented organisations5. Ethnicity-oriented organisations6. JATI7. Perkasa8. Professionals organisations9. Religious organisations.10. Trade Unions11. Womens' rights or issues focused organisations.12. Youth or student focused organisations13. Election Commission
5. Policy Issues
1. Vision Policies or Programmes1. 1Malaysia2. GTP (Government Transformation
Programme)3. ETP (Economic Transformation Programme)
4. NKRA (National Key Results Areas)5. NEP/'Bumiputeraism'
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6. PAS's Welfare State7. PKR's Buku Jingga8. NEM (New Economic Model)9. 'Transformasi'10. BN Manifesto11. PR Manifesto12. Other
2. Environment1. Deforestation/Land Rights2. Recycling3. Lynas4. Polluting Industries (non-Lynas)5. Damming Projects6. Other
3. Economy/Development1. Recession2. Welfare3. Unemployment4. Poverty5. Privatisation6. Growth/FDI7. FTA/Globalisation8. Inflation/Price Rises9. Infrastructure10. Housing11. Other
4. Education1. Vernacular Schools2. Access3. PPSMI4. Academic Freedom5. System
6. PTPTN7. Other
5. Foreign Policy1. Western World2. Singapore (Mentions of)3. Singapore (Comparison with)4. China5. India6. Islamic World7. Israel/Palestine8. Indonesia9. Other
6. Domestic Policy, Crime, & National Security1. Immigration2. Illegals/Refugees3. Terrorism (not Lahad Datu)4. Crime5. Lahad Datu Incident6. Other
7. Oppressive Legislation1. ISA (Internal Security Act)2. AUKU/UUCA (Universities and University
Colleges Act 1971)3. Sedition Act
4. PPPA (Printing Presses and Publication Act)5. PAA (Peaceful Assembly Act 2012)
6. SOSMA (Security Offences (SpecialMeasures) Act 2012)
7. Other
8. Health1. 1Care2. Other
9. Religion1. Apostasy2. Islamic State3. Hudud4. Conversion (into Islam)5. 'Allah' issue6. Other
6. Non-Policy Issues
1. Ethnicity1. Malaysia2. Chinese3. Indian/South Asian4. Orang Asli5. Orang Asal, Sabah & Sarawak6. Thai7. Portuguese/Eurasian8. Malay Rights9. Other
2. Religion1. Islam2. Buddhism/Taoism3. Hinduism4. Christianity5. Sikhism
6. Religious Freedom (non-apostasy related)7. Interfaith Dialogue/Unity8. Interfaith Friction9. Other
3. Democracy & Human Rights1. General Corruption2. Electoral Corruption3. Media Freedom4. Electoral Reform5. Electoral Legislation6. 2-Party System7. Protest/Rallies8. Other
4. Socioeconomic Sectors1. Middle Class/Professionals2. Working Class3. Aristocracy/Monarchy4. Civil Service5. Military and Police6. FELDA7. Plantation/Estate Workers8. Chine New Villagers9. Senior Citizens/Retirees10. RELA/Wataniah11. Urban
12. Rural13. Cost of Living
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14. Other
5. Territory1. Kuala Lumpur2. Labuan3. Putrajaya4. Johor5. Kedah
6. Kelantan7. Malacca8. Negeri Sembilan9. Pahang10. Perak11. Perlis12. Penang13. Sabah14. Sarawak15. Selangor16. Terengganu17. Sarawak Independence18. Sabah Independence
6. Mudslinging1. Anwar/Sodomy2. Altantuya3. Rosmah4. Penang CM5. Selangor CM6. NFC7. Arms Deals8. Psy/CNY Concert9. Project IC10. Taib Mahmud and Logging Expose11. Other
7. Gender
1. Sexuality2. Women in politics3. Personal/Private life4. Womens' Issues5. LGBT/Q6. Appearance
7. Sexism8. Other
8. Electioneering1. Event-specific Gifts2. Handouts3. Timely Developments4. Election Promises5. Baby-kissing6. Cybertroopers/Social Media War7. Other