WtW The Oriental Daily Final

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'Watching the Watchdog'Malaysian Media Coverage of GE13

Final Individual Report: THE ORIENTAL DAILY

15/08/13

Dr Tessa J. HoughtonSchool of Modern Languages and Cultures

Director of the Centre for the Study of Communications and CultureUniversity of Nottingham Malaysian Campus

in collaboration with

Comments and feedback welcomed at:

[email protected] 523 4575

or

Masjaliza HamzahExecutive Officer

Centre for Independent [email protected]

03-4023-0772/4024-9840

The work is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 3.0
http://www.nottingham.edu.my/Modern-Languages/index.aspxhttp://www.nottingham.edu.my/Modern-Languages/CentrefortheStudyofCommunicationsandCulture/index.aspxmailto:[email protected]://cijmalaysia.org/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/http://www.nottingham.edu.my/Modern-Languages/CentrefortheStudyofCommunicationsandCulture/index.aspxmailto:[email protected]://cijmalaysia.org/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/http://www.nottingham.edu.my/Modern-Languages/index.aspx


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Table of ContentsExecutive Summary of Key Results for THE ORIENTAL DAILY.......................................................................... 3Section 1: Media Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions.......................................................................... 5

1.1 Volume of Coverage of Parties & Coalitions......................................................................................... 5Figure 1: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions.......................................................... 5Figure 2: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs. Opposition vs.

Independent/Other........................................................................................................................................61.2 Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions...............................................................................7Figure 3: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Political Parties & Coalitions............................................7Figure 4: Negative Political Party & Coalition Coverage ....................................................................8Figure 5: Positive Political Party & Coalition Coverage.........................................................................9Figure 6: Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs. Opposition vs.Independent/Other.....................................................................................................................................10

Section 2: Media Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures....................................................................... 112.1 Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures.......................................................................11

Figure 7: Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures....................................................... 11Figure 8: Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures: Government vs. Opposition vs.Independent/Other.....................................................................................................................................12

2.2 Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources....................................................... 13Figure 9: Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources........................................13Figures 10: Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures As Sources: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other..........................................................................................................14

2.3 Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures............................................................................15Figure 11: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Politicians & Political Figures......................................15Figure 12: Negative Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures.......................................................16Figure 13: Positive Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures..........................................................17Figure 14: Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures: Government vs. Opposition vs.Independent/Other.....................................................................................................................................18

2.4 Tone of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures As Sources: Attack Politics or NegativeCampaigning......................................................................................................................................................19

Figure 15: Attack Politics: Which Politicians and Political Figures Employ 'Attack Politics' MostOften?............................................................................................................................................................ 19Figure 16: Attack Politics: Which Coalition Employs Attack Politics Most Often?..........................20

Section 3: Media Coverage of Issues.................................................................................................................213.1 Volume of Media Coverage of Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues..................................................21

Figure 17: Coverage of Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues.................................................................21Figure 18: Media Coverage of Policy Issues.........................................................................................22Figure 19: Media Coverage of Non-Policy Issues................................................................................23

Section 4: A Brief Methodology..........................................................................................................................24Section 5: Appendix 1 Tables.......................................................................................................................... 25

.................................................................................................................................................................................. 25Section 6: Appendix 2 Coding Scheme......................................................................................................... 32

2 THE ORIENTAL DAILY


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Executive Summary of Key Results for THE ORIENTAL DAILY

Introduction

Like all modern elections, it the Malaysian 13 th General Election was fought primarily through themedia the so-called 'watchdogs' of democracy.

But how effective were Malaysian media outlets at providing fair and objective informationabout national politics? How well did they inform Malaysian citizens about their political environment,and thus enable them to make informed decisions about who to vote for?

The Watching the Watchdog project monitored coverage from 28 media newspapers, televisionnews broadcasts, online news sites as well as the national press agency, in four languages (English,Bahasa Malaysia, Mandarin, and Tamil); in Sabah and Sarawak as well as in Peninsular Malaysia,during the month spanning April 7 th to May 7 th 2013 (31 days in total). It is a collaboration betweenthe University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus and the Centre for Independent Journalism.

The key results summarised below pertain to the individual publication addressed in this report.

Key Results

In scrutinising the GE13 coverage provided by The Oriental Daily , we found the following trends:

(1) Coverage of Parties & Coalitions The mention-level coverage dedicated to both major coalitions was relatively equal, with PR

receiving slightly more. Overall, PR were attacked more then BN, and received less positive coverage then BN. Of all the tonal categories used in the coverage of parties and coalitions, the neutral

category was used very much the most often (82%), followed by the negative category (9%)then the positive category (7%).

(2) Coverage of Politicians and Political Figures

Who is talked about the most? And how are they talked about? The coverage of figures from both major coalitions was remarkably equal. Najib Razak was

the most mentioned politician, followed by Lim Kit Siang. Of all the tonal categories used in the coverage of politicians and political figures, the

neutral category was used very much the most often (92%). However, for the non-neutral material, PR were attacked and covered negatively more then

BN, and received less positive coverage then BN.

Who is used as a source the most? And who engages in attack politics the most? Najib Razak and Anwar Ibrahim were used as sources most often.

Overall, politicians from both major coalitions were used as sources at remarkably equallevels.



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Mahathir Mahamad was most commonly engaged in attack politics (40%), followed byAnwar Ibrahim, Lim Kit Siang, then Muhyiddin Yassin.

(3) Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues

Non-Policy Issues were given more coverage than Policy Issues. The Non-Policy Issue of Ethnicity was the most covered issue overall.



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Section 1: Media Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions

1.1 Volume of Coverage of Parties & Coalitions

Figure 1: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions

BN received the most coverage (27.71%), followed at a distance by PR, Dap, MCA, thenPKR.

Refer to Table 1 for figures.


BN

PRDAP

MCA

PKR

PAS

UMNO

Gerakan

MIC

Other

PSM

SUPP

SAPPPBS

PBB

UPKO

SPDP

PRS

PRM

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

27.71

19.1316.32

9.33

7.72

7.05

5.14

2.45

1.50

1.17

1.00

0.62

0.400.20

0.10

0.08

0.05

0.01

0.00

Volume


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Figure 2: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other

Once parties/coalitions' coverage volumes are combined, the mention-level coveragededicated to both major coalitions was relatively equal, with PR receiving slightly more(50.23% to BN's 47.19%).



BN

PR

Independent

Other

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

47.19

50.23

1.40

1.17

Volume


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1.2 Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions

Figure 3: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Political Parties & Coalitions

Of all the tonal categories used in the coverage of political parties and coalitions, the neutralcategory was used very much the most often (82%), followed by the negative category (9%)then the positive category (7%).


3%9%

82%

7%

AttackedNegativeNeutral

Positive


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Figure 4: Negative Political Party & Coalition Coverage

BN were the most negatively covered (25.43%), followed by PR (23.44%), DAP (14.83%),MCA (11.79%), then PAS (6.49%).

PR were the most attacked (43.48%), followed at a distance by BN (21.01%), then DAP, PAS,and UMNO, in that order.



BNPR

DAPMCAPAS

UMNOPKR

GerakanMIC

Other PBS

SUPPUPKO

PSMSAPP

PBBPRSPRM

SPDP

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Attacked Negative

Coverage Volume


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Figure 5: Positive Political Party & Coalition Coverage

BN received the most positive (42.38%) and neutral (26.99%) coverage by a significantmargin.

PR received the second most positive coverage (20.27%), followed by Dap (8.41%), MCA(7.36%), then PKR (4.38%).



BNDAP

PRMCAPKRPASUMNO

GerakanMIC

PSMOther

SUPPSAPP

PBSPBB

UPKOSPDP

PRSPRM

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Posi tive Neutral

Coverage Volume


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Figure 6: Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other

When coalition and party coverage is combined into the two opposing coalitions, we see thatoverall, PR were attacked more then BN, and received less positive coverage then BN.

It should, however, be remembered that the neutral tonal category is overwhelmingly thelargest category.

Refer to Table 4 for figures and below for ratios.

Coverage

TypeBN : PR Tonal

WeightingPositive 1 : 0.8 7%

Neutral 1 : 1.1 82%

Negative 1 : 1 9%

Attacked 1 : 2.5 3%


Attacked

Negative

Neutral

Positive

Attacked

Negative

Neutral

Positive

Attacked

Negative

Neutral

Positive

BN

PR

Independent & Other

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

28.26

49.27

47.10

54.64

71.01

49.27

50.16

42.73

0.72

1.46

2.74

2.63

Coverage Volume


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Section 2: Media Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

2.1 Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

Figure 7: Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

Only the top 20 most mentioned politicians are shown on this graph. Out of these 20, Najib Razak received the most mentions by a significant proportion

(22.93%), followed by Lim Kit Siang, Lim Guan Eng, Chua Soi Lek, and Anwar Ibrahim, in thatorder. Refer to Table 5 for full figures.


Najib RazakLim Kit Siang

Lim Guan EngChua Soi Lek

Anwar IbrahimMuhyiddin Yassin

Mahathir MohamadNurul IzzahHadi Awang

Liow Tiong Lai Ambiga Sreenevasan

Karpal SinghTaib Mahmud

Nik AzizRafizi Ramli

Azmin AliG. Palanivel

Tian ChuaIbrahim Ali

Khalid Ibrahim

0 5 10 15 20 25

22.9314.18

11.628.86

8.677.48

3.012.73

2.172.08

1.661.41

1.150.960.960.930.900.900.840.84

Coverage Volume


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Figure 8: Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other

When the mentions of individual politicians and political figures are combined and mergedinto their respective coalitions, we can see that coverage of figures from both major coalitionsis remarkably equal.



48%48%

4%

BN

PR

Independent/Other


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2.2 Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources

Figure 9: Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources

Of the politicians and political figures tracked, Najib Razak and Anwar Ibrahim were used assources most often (17.5% and 12.85% respectively), followed by Lim Kit Siang, Lim GUanEng, then Mahathir Mohamad.



Najib Razak

Anwar Ibrahim

Lim Kit Siang

Lim Guan Eng

Mahathir Mohamad

Chua Soi Lek

Muhyiddin Yassin

Khalid Ibrahim

Hadi Awang

Nazri Aziz

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

17.50

12.85

12.11

6.13

5.47

4.28

2.81

1.70

1.62

1.18

Coverage Volume


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2.3 Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

Figure 11: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Politicians & Political Figures

Of all the tonal categories used in the coverage of politicians and political figures, theneutral category was used very much the most often (92%).


4%

92%

3%2%

Positive

Neutral

Negative

Attacked


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Figure 12: Negative Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

In terms of the tone of mentions of politicians and political figures, Chua Soi Lek received themost negative coverage (23.86%) and attacks (26.43%).

Lim Kit Siang was second most attacked (14.04%), followed by Najib Razak (12.28%), thenNurul Izzah (8.77%). Najib Razak was second most negatively covered, followed by Lim Kit Siang, Lim Guan Eng,

then Nurul Izzah. Refer to Table 8 for full figures.


Chua Soi Lek

Najib Razak

Lim Kit Siang

Lim Guan Eng

Nurul Izzah

Khalid Ibrahim

Anwar Ibrahim

Azmin Ali

Ibrahim Ali

Mahathir Mohamad

Muhyiddin Yassin

Ambiga Sreenevasan

Chong Chieng Jen

Teresa Kok

Tian Chua

Nik Aziz

Liow Tiong Lai

Mohamad 'Mat' Sabu

Ng Yen Yen

Wong Ho Leng

Abdul Rahman Dahlan Alfred Jabu

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Attacked Negative

Coverage Volume


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Figure 13: Positive Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

In terms of the tone of mentions of politicians and political figures, Najib Razak received themost positive (35.83%) and neutral coverage (22.95%) by a very significant extent.

Lim Kit Siang received the second most neutral coverage (14.4%) followed by Lim Guan Eng,

Anwar Ibrahim, then Chua Soi Lek. Lim Guan Eng received the second most positive coverage (17.5%), followed by Lim Kit

Siang, then Anwar Ibrahim. Refer to Table 8 for figures.


Najib Razak

Lim Kit SiangLim Guan Eng

Anwar Ibrahim

Chua Soi Lek

Muhyiddin Yassin

Mahathir Mohamad

Nurul Izzah

Hadi Awang

Liow Tiong Lai

Ambiga Sreenevasan

Karpal Singh

Taib Mahmud

Rafizi Ramli

Tian Chua

G. Palanivel

Azmin Ali

Nik Aziz

Khalid Ibrahim

Ibrahim Ali

Wong Ho LengNg Yen Yen

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Posi tive Neutral

Coverage Volume


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Figure 14: Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other

Overall, more positive and negative coverage was given to PR, while PR and BN wereattacked at very similar rates.

It should, however, be remembered that the neutral tonal category is overwhelmingly thelargest category.

Refer to Table 9 for figures and below for ratios.

CoverageType BN : PR

TonalWeighting

Positive 1 : 1.3 3%Neutral 1 : 1 86%

Negative 1 : 1.1 2%

Attacked 1 : 1 2%


Attacked

Negative

Neutral

Positive

Attacked

Negative

Neutral

Positive

Attacked

Negative

NeutralPositive

BN

PR

Independent/ Other

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

50.88

44.32

47.47

40.83

49.12

50.00

48.87

53.33

0.00

5.68

3.665.83

Coverage Volume


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2.4 Tone of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures As Sources: AttackPolitics or Negative Campaigning

Figure 15: Attack Politics: Which Politicians and Political Figures Employ 'Attack Politics'

Most Often?

This graph is weighted to show attack politics as a proportion of overall use as source. Mahathir Mahamad was most commonly engaged in attack politics (40%), followed by

Anwar Ibrahim, Lim Kit Siang, then Muhyiddin Yassin. Refer to Table 10 for figures.


Mahathir Mohamad

Anwar Ibrahim

Lim Kit Siang

Muhyiddin Yassin

Ambiga Sreenevasan

Baru Bian

Chua Soi Lek

Hadi Awang

Hassan Ali

Jeffrey Kitingan

Khalid Ibrahim

Lim Guan Eng

Musa Aman

Najib Razak

Nazri Aziz

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

40.00

20.00

20.00

20.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Attack Volume


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Figure 16: Attack Politics: Which Coalition Employs Attack Politics Most Often?

This graph is weighted to show attack politics as a proportion of overall use as source. Overall, BN coalition politicians engaged in attack politics more often than opposition

politicians. Refer to Table 10 for figures.


60%

40% BNPRIndependent/Other


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Section 3: Media Coverage of Issues

3.1 Volume of Media Coverage of Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues

Figure 17: Coverage of Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues

More coverage overall is given to Non-Policy Issues than Policy Issues. Refer to Table 11 for figures.


41%

59%

Policy Issues

Non-Policy Issues


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Figure 18: Media Coverage of Policy Issues

Of all Policy Issues covered, Domestic Policy, Crime & National Security were given the mostcoverage, followed by Vision Policies & Programmes, then Economy and Development.



22%

3%

17%

12%4%

33%

0%9%

Policy Issues

VisionPolicies/ProgrammesEnvironmentEconomy/DevelopmentEducationForeign PolicyDomestic Policy, Crime &National SecurityOppressive LegislationHealthReligion


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Figure 19: Media Coverage of Non-Policy Issues

Of all Non-Policy Issues covered, Ethnicity and Electioneering were given most coverage,followed by Democracy & Human Rights.



31%

1%

22% 9%

4%

3%

31% Non-Policy Issues

EthnicityReligionDemocracy & Human RightsSocioeconomic StatusMudslingingGender Electioneering


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Section 4: A Brief Methodology

Dates analysed: 7/4/13 07/05/13 (n d = 31 days)

Number of data points/references identified and analysed: n dp = 34293

Number of articles identified and analysed: n a = 1071

Average number of articles/day: n a/d = 34.5

Data Collection

The data was collected or 'coded' using sentence-level content analysis. A team of around 70'coders' from all over Malaysia, from both private and public universities, and from civil society,coded their assigned media on a daily basis.

Stories 'coded' were selected according to the following criteria:

They were within the Malaysian news section/s of the newspapers including the front page, orwere the paper's editorial (if they run one).

They were from pre-defined 'Malaysian News' areas of the news websites monitored, with'snapshots' taken at 8pm daily.

They were from within the TV news broadcasts. They were more than 1/3 about the election, and were news stories as opposed to columns,

opinions pieces, letters, etc (with the exception of the paper's own editorial, if present).

Within each story, category/operator references were identified and coded at the sentence level

(from period to period). The 21 categories identified and their sub-categories or 'operators' areoutlined in Appendix 2. These 21 categories form the 'unit of analysis' for this study.

Tone (positive, negative, neutral, attacking, or attacked) was determined based on matching eachreference to a media frame or frames, supportable via emotive/descriptive/subjectivelanguage/vocabulary utilised by the either the news personnel or the source beingquoted/paraphrased. As such, tone is not based upon coder opinion but on linguistic data. Coderswere instructed to 'code as neutral' whenever there was a lack of linguistic data to support apositive/negative/attacking/attacked frame, or whenever they were unsure/conflicted.

Data Analysis

The data was analysed using the open source software package GNU Octave (a multi-disciplinarymathematical data analysis programme capable of SPSS/NVIVO-level statistical analysis, as well asmuch higher-level mathematical analysis). Scripts were composed to count occurrences of key data-codes, as specified by the project's finite code-listing set (see Appendix 2), for every row of codeddata (i.e. every reference). Where appropriate, code-count occurrences have been normalised toprovide the percentage of these key-code occurrences.

http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/


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Section 5: Appendix 1 Tables


TABLE 1

Par ty Percentage

BN 28.38DAP 9.0988

Gerakan 0.86655MCA 1.2998MIC 0.17331PAS 18.718PBB 0.25997PBS 0.043328PKR 10.962PR 18.284

PRS 0.043328

PRM 0.086655PSM 2.5997SAPP 0SPDP 0.043328SUPP 0.086655

UMNO 6.6291UPKO 0.086655Other 2.2964

TABLE 2

Par ty Percentage Coalition Percentage

BN 28.38

BN 37.912024

Gerakan 0.86655MCA 1.2998MIC 0.17331PBB 0.25997PBS 0.043328PRS 0.043328

SPDP 0.043328SUPP 0.086655

UMNO 6.6291UPKO 0.086655

PR 18.284

PR 57.0628DAP 9.0988PAS 18.718PKR 10.962PRM 0.086655

Independent 2.686355PSM 2.5997SAPP 0Other 2.2964 Other 2.2964

TABLE 3

Attacked Negative Neutral Positive TOTAL

BN 23.077 21.673 27.75 46.111 118.611DAP 12.308 10.646 9.4361 2.7778 35.1679

Gerakan 1.5385 2.6616 0.67002 0 4.87012MCA 0 1.9011 1.34 0 3.2411MIC 0 0 0.22334 0 0.22334PAS 4.6154 17.49 19.095 22.778 63.9784PBB 0 0 0.33501 0 0.33501PBS 0 0.38023 0 0 0.38023

PKR 4.6154 10.646 11.669 7.2222 34.1526PR 43.077 16.35 17.755 17.222 94.404PRS 0 0 0.055835 0 0.055835PRM 0 0.38023 0.055835 0 0.436065PSM 0 5.7034 2.4567 0.55556 8.71566SAPP 0 0 0 0 0SPDP 0 0 0.055835 0 0.055835SUPP 0 0 0.11167 0 0.11167

UMNO 10.769 11.027 6.1977 3.3333 31.327UPKO 0 0 0 0 0

Other 0 1.1407 2.7917 0 3.9324

Parties &Coalitions


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TABLE 4

BN

Attacked 35.3845Negative 34.2385Neutral 36.73941Positive 49.4443

PR

Attacked 64.6158Negative 55.132Neutral 57.9551Positive 50

Attacked 0Negative 7.22433Neutral 5.304235Positive 0.55556

Independent &Other

TABLE 5

Politician/Political FigureAbdul Rahman Dahlan 0.18868

Alfred Jabu 0.37736

Ambiga Sreenevasan 1.1321Anwar Ibrahim 15.66

Azmin Ali 1.1321Baru Bian 0.18868

Bernard Dompok 0Chong Chieng Jen 0

Chua Soi Lek 0.9434Dzulkefly Ahmad 0.56604Elizabeth Wong 0.18868

G. Palanivel 0.18868Hadi Awang 9.434Hassan Ali 0.18868

Hishamuddin Hussein 2.4528Ibrahim Ali 0.75472

James Masing 0Jeffrey Kitingan 0

Karpal Singh 3.7736Khalid Ibrahim 7.3585Khalid Samad 2.0755Lim Guan Eng 2.4528Lim Kit Siang 4.5283

Liow Tiong Lai 0.75472Mahathir Mohamad 2.2642

Maximus Ongkili 0Mohamad 'Mat' Sabu 1.5094

Muhyiddin Yassin 4.1509Musa Aman 0.37736Najib Razak 19.623Ng Yen Yen 0.18868

Nik Aziz 3.2075Nizar Jamaluddin 0.56604

Nurul Izzah 8.6792Rafizi Ramli 2.4528

Rosmah Mansur 0Siti Mariah Mahmud 0.56604

Taib Mahmud 0Teresa Kok 0.18868Tian Chua 1.5094Tony Pua 0.18868

William Mawan 0Wong Ho Leng 0Wong Soon Koh 0Yong Teck Lee 0.18868

Percentage(mention)


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TABLE 6

Politician/Political Figure Party etc. Percentage Coalition Percentage

Chua Soi LekMCA 1.8868

BN 31.50978

Liow Tiong LaiNg Yen YenG. Palanivel MIC 0.18868

Alfred Jabu PBB 0.37736Taib Mahmud

Maximus Ongkili PBS 0James Masing PRS 0

William Mawan SPDP 0Wong Soon Koh SUPP 0

Abdul Rahman Dahlan

UMNO 29.05694

Hishamuddin HusseinMahathir Mohamad

Muhyiddin Yassin

Musa AmanNajib Razak

Bernard Dompok UPKO 0Chong Chieng Jen

DAP 11.13206

PR 66.22594

Karpal SinghLim Guan EngLim Kit SiangTeresa KokTony Pua

Wong Ho LengDzulkefly Ahmad

PAS 17.92452

Hadi AwangKhalid Samad

Mohamad 'Mat' SabuNik Aziz

Nizar JamaluddinSiti Mariah Mahmud

Anwar Ibrahim

PKR 37.16936

Azmin AliBaru Bian

Elizabeth Wong

Jeffrey KitinganKhalid Ibrahim

Nurul IzzahRafizi RamliTian Chua

Ambiga Sreenevasan Bersih 1.1321

2.26418Hassan Ali Independent 0.18868Ibrahim Ali Perkasa 0.75472

Rosmah Mansur 0Yong Teck Lee SAPP 0.18868

Independent/Other

'1 st lady'


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TABLE 7

Politician/Political Figure Coalition Percentage

Chua Soi Lek 0.51724

BN 33.96562

Mahathir Mohamad 6.0345Muhyiddin Yassin 5.1724

Musa Aman 0.17241Najib Razak 21.207Nazri Aziz 0.68966

Taib Mahmud 0.17241Anwar Ibrahim 14.483

PR 44.13783

Baru Bian 0.34483Hadi Awang 10.172

Jeffrey Kitingan 0Khalid Ibrahim 7.5862Lim Guan Eng 2.5862Lim Kit Siang 5.6897

Nik Aziz 3.2759Ambiga Sreenevasan 0.86207

Independent 21.89624

Hassan Ali 0.68966Vox Pop Male 0.17241

Vox Pop Female 0

6.7241

13.448

Percentage(source)

Public Opinion/Vox PopGeneral

Election CommissionSpokesperson


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TABLE 8

Politician/Political Figure Attacked Negative Neutral PositiveAbdul Rahman Dahlan 0 0 0.22026 0

Alfred Jabu 0 0 0.44053 0Ambiga Sreenevasan 0 0 1.3216 0

Anwar Ibrahim 25 19.048 16.52 6.8966

Azmin Ali 0 4.7619 1.1013 0Baru Bian 0 0 0.22026 0

Bernard Dompok 0 0 0 0Chong Chieng Jen 0 0 0 0

Chua Soi Lek 0 4.7619 0.88106 0Dzulkefly Ahmad 0 0 0.66079 0Elizabeth Wong 0 0 0.22026 0

G. Palanivel 0 0 0.22026 0Hadi Awang 0 0 9.9119 13.793Hassan Ali 0 0 0.22026 0

Hishamuddin Hussein 0 0 2.8634 0Ibrahim Ali 0 0 0.88106 0

James Masing 0 0 0 0Jeffrey Kitingan 0 0 0 0

Karpal Singh 0 0 4.4053 0Khalid Ibrahim 0 19.048 6.3877 17.241Khalid Samad 0 0 2.4229 0Lim Guan Eng 0 0 2.4229 6.8966Lim Kit Siang 0 14.286 4.6256 0

Liow Tiong Lai 0 0 0.22026 0Mahathir Mohamad 0 0 2.4229 0

Maximus Ongkili 0 0 0 0Mohamad 'Mat' Sabu 0 0 1.7621 0

Muhyiddin Yassin 0 4.7619 4.4053 0Musa Aman 0 0 0.44053 0Najib Razak 75 14.286 17.841 24.138Ng Yen Yen 0 0 0.22026 0

Nik Aziz 0 0 2.6432 10.345Nizar Jamaluddin 0 0 0.66079 0

Nurul Izzah 0 19.048 8.1498 10.345Rafizi Ramli 0 0 2.6432 3.4483

Rosmah Mansur 0 0 0 0Siti Mariah Mahmud 0 0 0.66079 0

Taib Mahmud 0 0 0 0Teresa Kok 0 0 0.22026 0Tian Chua 0 0 1.3216 6.8966Tony Pua 0 0 0.22026 0

William Mawan 0 0 0 0Wong Ho Leng 0 0 0 0Wong Soon Koh 0 0 0 0Yong Teck Lee 0 0 0.22026 0


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TABLE 9

BN

Attacked 75Negative 23.8098Neutral 30.17576Positive 24.138

PR

Attacked 25

Negative 76.1919Neutral 67.18091Positive 75.8621

Attacked 0Negative 0Neutral 2.64318Positive 0

Independent/Other

TABLE 10

Politician/Political Figure Coalition Percentage

Chua Soi Lek 0

BN 86.3634

Mahathir Mohamad 9.0909Muhyiddin Yassin 4.5455

Musa Aman 0Najib Razak 54.545Nazri Aziz

18.182Taib Mahmud 0Anwar Ibrahim 9.0909

PR 13.6364

Baru Bian 0Hadi Awang 0

Jeffrey Kitingan 0Khalid Ibrahim 0Lim Guan Eng 0Lim Kit Siang 0

Nik Aziz 4.5455Ambiga Sreenevasan 0

Independent 0

Hassan Ali 0Vox Pop Male 0

Vox Pop Female 0

0

0

Percentage(source +attacking)

Public Opinion/Vox PopGeneral

Election CommissionSpokesperson


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TABLE 11

Issues Coverage PI/NPI Coverage

Vision Policies/Programmes 9.2027

Policy Issues 18.787077

Environment 0.084818Economy/Development 3.3503

Education 0.84818Foreign Policy 0.042409

Domestic Policy, Crime & National Security 1.3995Oppressive Legislation 0.80577

Health 0Religion 3.0534Ethnicity 6.2341

27.6929

Religion 2.4173Democracy & Human Rights 8.6938

Socioeconomic Status 2.9686Mudslinging 1.1874

Gender 3.3079Electioneering 2.8838

Non-PolicyIssues


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Section 6: Appendix 2 Coding Scheme

1. Politician or Political Figure (Mentioned)

1. Abdul Rahman Dalan

2. Alfred Jabu3. Ambiga Sreenevasan4. Anwar Ibrahim5. Azmin Ali6. Baru Bian7. Bernard Dompok8. Chong Chieng Jen9. Chua Soi Lek10. Dzulkefly Ahmad11. Elizabeth Wong12. G. Palanivel13. Hadi Awang14. Hassan Ali15. Hishamuddin Hussein16. James Masing17. Jeffrey Kitingan18. Karpal Singh19. Khalid Ibrahim20. Khalid Samad21. Lim Guan Eng22. Lim Kit Siang23. Liow Tiong Lai24. Mahathir Mohamad25. Maximus Ongkili26. Mohamad 'Mat' Sabu27. Muhyiddin Yassin28. Musa Aman

29. Najib Razak30. Ng Yen Yen31. Nik Aziz32. Nizar Jamaluddin33. Nurul Izzah34. Rafizi Ramli35. Rosmah Mansur36. Siti Mariah Mahmud37. Taib Mahmud38. Teresa Kok39. Tian Chua40. Tony Pua41. William Mawan42. Wong Ho Leng

43. Wong Soon Koh44. Yong Teck Lee

2. Politicians or Political Figure (Used as a Source)

1. Ambiga Sreenevasan (Bersih)2. Anwar Ibrahim (PKR)3. Baru Bian4. Chua Soi Lek5. Hadi Awang6. Hassan Ali7. Jeffrey Kitingan8. Khalid Ibrahim9. Lim Guan Eng

10. Lim Kit Siang11. Mahathir Mohamad

12. Muhyiddin Yassin13. Musa Aman14. Najib Razak15. Nazri Aziz16. Nik Aziz17. Taib Mahmud18. Vox Pop Male19. Vox Pop Female20. Public Opinion/Vox Pop General21. Election Commission Spokesperson

3. Party or Coalition

1. BN (Barisan Nasional)2. DAP (Democratic Action Party)3. Gerakan (Malaysian People's Movement

Party)4. MCA (Malaysian Chinese Association)5. MIC (Malaysian Indian Congress)6. PAS (Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party)7. PBB (Parti Besaka Bumputera Bersatu)8. PBS (Parti Bersatu Sabah)9. PKR (People's Justice Party)10. PR (Pakatan Rakyat)11. PRS (Sarawak People's Party)12. PRM (Parti Rakyat Malaysia)13. PSM (Parti Sosialis Malaysia)14. SAPP (Sabah Progressive Party)15. SPDP (Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party)16. SUPP (Sarawak United People's Party)

17. UMNO (United Malays National Organisation)18. UPKO (United Pasokmomogun KadazandusunMurut Organisation)

4. Organisations

1. Bersih2. Community-based organisations.3. Democracy- or human rights-oriented

organisations (excluding Bersih)4. Environmentally-oriented organisations5. Ethnicity-oriented organisations6. JATI7. Perkasa8. Professionals organisations9. Religious organisations.10. Trade Unions11. Womens' rights or issues focused organisations.12. Youth or student focused organisations13. Election Commission

5. Policy Issues

1. Vision Policies or Programmes1. 1Malaysia2. GTP (Government Transformation

Programme)3. ETP (Economic Transformation Programme)

4. NKRA (National Key Results Areas)5. NEP/'Bumiputeraism'



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6. PAS's Welfare State7. PKR's Buku Jingga8. NEM (New Economic Model)9. 'Transformasi'10. BN Manifesto11. PR Manifesto12. Other

2. Environment1. Deforestation/Land Rights2. Recycling3. Lynas4. Polluting Industries (non-Lynas)5. Damming Projects6. Other

3. Economy/Development1. Recession2. Welfare3. Unemployment4. Poverty5. Privatisation6. Growth/FDI7. FTA/Globalisation8. Inflation/Price Rises9. Infrastructure10. Housing11. Other

4. Education1. Vernacular Schools2. Access3. PPSMI4. Academic Freedom5. System

6. PTPTN7. Other

5. Foreign Policy1. Western World2. Singapore (Mentions of)3. Singapore (Comparison with)4. China5. India6. Islamic World7. Israel/Palestine8. Indonesia9. Other

6. Domestic Policy, Crime, & National Security1. Immigration2. Illegals/Refugees3. Terrorism (not Lahad Datu)4. Crime5. Lahad Datu Incident6. Other

7. Oppressive Legislation1. ISA (Internal Security Act)2. AUKU/UUCA (Universities and University

Colleges Act 1971)3. Sedition Act

4. PPPA (Printing Presses and Publication Act)5. PAA (Peaceful Assembly Act 2012)

6. SOSMA (Security Offences (SpecialMeasures) Act 2012)

7. Other

8. Health1. 1Care2. Other

9. Religion1. Apostasy2. Islamic State3. Hudud4. Conversion (into Islam)5. 'Allah' issue6. Other

6. Non-Policy Issues

1. Ethnicity1. Malaysia2. Chinese3. Indian/South Asian4. Orang Asli5. Orang Asal, Sabah & Sarawak6. Thai7. Portuguese/Eurasian8. Malay Rights9. Other

2. Religion1. Islam2. Buddhism/Taoism3. Hinduism4. Christianity5. Sikhism

6. Religious Freedom (non-apostasy related)7. Interfaith Dialogue/Unity8. Interfaith Friction9. Other

3. Democracy & Human Rights1. General Corruption2. Electoral Corruption3. Media Freedom4. Electoral Reform5. Electoral Legislation6. 2-Party System7. Protest/Rallies8. Other

4. Socioeconomic Sectors1. Middle Class/Professionals2. Working Class3. Aristocracy/Monarchy4. Civil Service5. Military and Police6. FELDA7. Plantation/Estate Workers8. Chine New Villagers9. Senior Citizens/Retirees10. RELA/Wataniah11. Urban

12. Rural13. Cost of Living



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14. Other

5. Territory1. Kuala Lumpur2. Labuan3. Putrajaya4. Johor5. Kedah6. Kelantan7. Malacca8. Negeri Sembilan9. Pahang10. Perak11. Perlis12. Penang13. Sabah14. Sarawak15. Selangor16. Terengganu17. Sarawak Independence18. Sabah Independence

6. Mudslinging1. Anwar/Sodomy2. Altantuya3. Rosmah4. Penang CM5. Selangor CM6. NFC7. Arms Deals8. Psy/CNY Concert9. Project IC10. Taib Mahmud and Logging Expose11. Other

7. Gender

1. Sexuality2. Women in politics3. Personal/Private life4. Womens' Issues5. LGBT/Q6. Appearance7. Sexism8. Other

8. Electioneering1. Event-specific Gifts2. Handouts3. Timely Developments4. Election Promises5. Baby-kissing6. Cybertroopers/Social Media War7. Other

Documents

WtW The Oriental Daily Final