World Englishes

Introduction From Modernity to Post

ModernityDemography

Alia Ali

What does “World Englishes”

mean? The Expanding Circle

China, Egypt, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Korea, Nepal, Saudi Arabia,

Taiwan, Russia, Zimbabwe, South Africa,

Caribbean Islands(EFL)

The Outer CircleBangladesh, India

Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Malaysia,

Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka,

Tanzania, Zambia(ESL)

The Inner CircleUSAUK

CanadaAustralia

New Zealand

Krachu’s Three Concentric Circles

The global spread of English language is not only on linguistic based but it helps to furnish in studies, economics and politics issues

The growth of China would have an impact on learning English where it was used to be learnt

Countries like India in which English is used as second language can play a major role in development of global English

Relationship b/w and globalization was complex one but economically support helps English in its extension

From Modernity To Post Modernity

Modernity spread from Europe across the worldRenaissance and development can charted

through centuriesGlobalization started in 15th century with the

development of capitalist economies, nation states and languages

Before 18 century there was no concept of foreign of language as we have today

In 19th century languages in Europe became modern, standardized and helped to unify the national identity

Scholars were well aware the potential impact of new technologies such as the electric telegraph on social, political and economic life

Modern Post modern

Faith in scienceChange is expected Nation states provides

bases for identityNL, standardized lang

serve multiple communicative purpose

nation strives to become monolingual: RL marginalized

Newtonian physics as dominant view of nature

Identify is more complex

ML becomes a normSociety and families

are more fragmented

The new model of English was introducedEnglish was no more same as it was in

recognition and hegemonic power of English lang native speakers

Linguistic postmodernity

Modernity was introduced in Europe was invented

Standard approaches for teaching English were being used

New forms of multilingualism The growth of multilingualism in EuropeEnglish factor in business process

outsourcing BPO the rise of urban middleclass around world

Internet, communication, technologyPost modernity may be threat for those

who invest more in modern era

Industrial revaluationA new world of other languages key termsGrowth of languages on internetRising competitionThe doom of monolinguals The end of English as foreign languageRetraining needed for English specialistAsia may determine the future of Global

English

Demography Who lives where-= have been along scientist and

technological process

Demographic change is one of the most important factors affecting languages and to a much greater extend than other key trends affecting English

global populationPeople movementDemography trendsChanging age structure

S-shaped graph is familiar to anyone analyzing social change or the spread of innovation

New mobile phone usersSound change through the lexicon in a

rural English dialect

Who live where?What kind of work will they be doing?What are the basic needs?What kind of work they are doing?

People movementMigrant workerTourist Business International students

English as linga franca

As population rise in developed countries rise, the demographic balance between languages is changing

Three quarters of all travel is between non-English speaking countries, this suggested that large demand for either foreign language learning or the increasing use of English as lingua franca

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