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1. Download the Duolingo app and open it up.
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for schools
Your Spanish class is going to use Duolingo at school. These
are the instructions to join St. Aloysius -- 7th Grade!
Spanish II
Negation You have already learned how to make simple affirmative statements:
Ella habla inglés ................................................. She speaks English.
Él es un profesor ................................................. He is a professor.
To make a sentence negative, place the word “no” before the verb.
Ella no habla inglés ............................................ She doesn’t speak English.
Él no es profesor ................................................ He is not a professor.
When the answer to a question is negative, two negative words are required.
¿Habla Ud. español? .......................................... (Do you speak Spanish?)
No. No hablo español ......................................... (No. I don’t speak Spanish.)
¿ Está Gerardo en la clase? ................................. (Is Gerardo in the class?)
No. Gerardo no está en la clase .......................... (No. Gerardo is not in the class.)
¿Siempre estudias? ............................................ (Do you always study?)
No, nunca estudio .............................................. (No, I never study.)
Study the following list of affirmative words and their negative counterparts:
Algo .................................................................... (something)
Nada .................................................................... (nothing)
siempre ................................................................ (always)
The negative words can be used alone, preceding the verb.
Nadie habla ......................................................... Nobody speaks.
Alfredo tampoco baila ......................................... Alfredo doesn’t dance either.
The negative words can also be used with the word “no,” following the verb. Note that unlike
English, double negatives are acceptable in Spanish.
No habla nadie ................................................... Nobody speaks.
Él no come nunca .............................................. He never eats.
Alfredo no baila tampoco ..................................Alfredo doesn’t dance either.
Sometimes, three negative words occur in the same sentence.
No compro nada nunca ................................ I never buy anything.
Él no compra nada tampoco .............................. He doesn’t buy anything either.
You can even have four negative words in the same sentence.
Yo no veo nunca a nadie tampoco ..................... I never see anybody either.
Unlike English, Spanish does not normally mix negative and affirmative words.
English: Maria doesn’t need anything. ...... NOT Maria doesn’t need nothing.
Spanish: María no necesita nada. ............... NOT María no necesita algo.
N.B. Alguno and ninguno drop the -o before a masculine singular noun.
¿Tienes algún libro? ........................................... No, no tengo ningún libro.
N.B. Ninguno(-a) is generally used in the singular.
¿Tienes algunas revistas? .................................... No, no tengo ninguna.
¿Tienes algunos libros? ...................................... No, no tengo ninguno.
N.B. The plural of ninguno(-a) is used only when the noun it modifies exists only in plural, or is
normally used in plural.
Ningunas vacaciones a Alaska son completas sin una excursión a Mt. McKinley.
No vacation to Alaska is complete without a trip to Mt. McKinley.
In this example “ningunas” is used because “vacaciones” is normally used in plural
form.
3
1. Algo ................................................................................ ___________________
2. Alguien ........................................................................... ___________________
4. Also ................................................................................ ___________________
5. Always ............................................................................ ___________________
14. No, none ......................................................................... ___________________
4
B. Come up with four different negative Spanish statements and then write a sentence of
agreement with it. Translate each in parenthesis after it.
Negative Statement Agreement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
5
Spanish
Questions
In Spanish, there may be several ways to ask the same question. Note the inverted question mark that begins
each question.
The following questions mean pretty much the same thing:
Does María speak Spanish? ................................................. ¿María habla español?
.............................................................................. ¿Habla María español?
.............................................................................. ¿Habla español María?
.............................................................................. No, María no habla español.
Another method of forming questions is to add a tag question to the end of a statement.
María habla español, ¿no? .................................................. Maria speaks Spanish, doesn’t she?
María habla español, ¿verdad? ........................................... Maria speaks Spanish, right?
Common words used to introduce other questions are:
¿Adónde? .......................................................................... To where?
¿Cuándo? ............................................................................ When?
¿De qué? ............................................................................. About what?
¿Por qué? ............................................................................ Why? / For what reason?
¿Para qué? ........................................................................... Why? / For what purpose?
N.B.
6
Notice how the subject and verbs are inverted. That is, the subject comes after the verb.
¿Qué estudia Pilar?.............................................................. What does Pilar study?
¿Dónde está mi coche? ........................................................ Where is my car?
¿Cuánto cuesta la corbata? .................................................. How much does the tie cost?
¿Dónde? means “Where?” ¿Adónde? means “To where?” Thus, dónde asks for a location,
while adónde asks for a destination.
¿Dónde está la biblioteca? ................................................... Where is the library?
¿Adónde va Raúl? ............................................................... Where is Raul going?
.............................................................................. (Literally: To where goes Raul?)
¿De dónde? means “From where?”
¿De dónde es Gerardo? ....................................................... Where is Gerardo from?
¿Cómo? means “How?”
¿Cuál? and ¿Cuáles? mean “What?” or “Which?”
¿Cuál es tu nombre? .......................................................... What is your name?
¿Cuáles son tus libros favoritos? ........................................ What (Which) are your favorite books?
¿Cuándo? means “When?”
¿Cuándo van a ir ustedes? .................................................. When are you-all going to go?
¿Cuánto(-a)? means “How much?”
¿Cuánto dinero gana Eduardo? .......................................... How much money does Eduardo earn?
¿Cuántos(-as)? means “How many?”
¿Cuántas chicas hay en la clase? ........................................ How many girls are there in the class?
¿Qué? means “What?”
¿De qué? means “About what?” or “Of what?”
¿De qué material es la pluma?............................................ What is the pen made of?
.......................................................................................... Literally: Of what material is the pen?
¿De qué hablan ustedes? .................................................... What are you-all talking about?
.......................................................................................... Literally: Of what do you-all speak?
¿Quién(-es)? means “Who?”
¿Quiénes son esos chicos? ................................................. Who are those boys?
¿A quién(-es)? means “Whom?”
¿A quién buscas? ............................................................... For whom are you looking?
¿A quiénes vas a dar tantos libros? ......................... To whom are you going to give so many books?
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¿Con quién hablo? ............................................................... With whom am I speaking?
¿Con quiénes estudia Mario? ............................................... With whom does Mario study?
¿De quién(-es)? means “Whose?”
¿Por qué? means “Why? (for what reason)”
¿Por qué estudias español? .................................................. For what reason do you study Spanish?
Possible answer:
¿Para qué? means “Why? (for what purpose)”
¿Para qué estudias español? ................................................. For what purpose do you study Spanish?
Possible answer:
Para ser profesor de español..................................... In order to become a Spanish teacher.
When used with the verb ser, cuál and qué can both mean “what,” but they are not interchangeable. Cuál
is more common, and is used to indicate a selection, or choice of possibilities. Qué is used to elicit
a definition or an explanation.
¿Cuál es la capital de España? ............................................. What is the capital of Spain?
¿Qué es la capital?............................................................... What is the (definition of) capital?
¿A quién (-es)? ____________________
2. How do you eat chicken?
3. How many sisters do you have?
4. Where is my dog?
5. To where did your burros walk?
6. Why do you study Spanish?
7. What color is your skin?
8. How much are four plus six?
9. Who dances with the girl?
10. How many boys are in the class?
11. With whom did you walk home?
12. ¿Para qué comes comida?
13. ¿Qué es la ropa blanca? (“la ropa” significa “clothing”).
14. ¿Adónde caminas?
15. ¿Cuántos animales tienes? ¿Tienes un perro azul?
16. ¿Tienes un hermano? Si, sí, ¿Cuál es el nombre de él?
17. ¿Cuánto cuesta el maize?
18. ¿De dónde su parentes?
19. ¿Adónde vas? (ir: voy, vas, va, vamos, van, van – to go)
20. ¿A quién amaz?
With a partner, develop a dialogue including questions and anwers.
Name of partner: __________________________________________
a. mi libro ............. my book
b. tu pluma ............ your pen
II. There are five possessive adjectives.
a. Mi
b. Tu
c. Su
d. Nuestro
e. vuestro (Used primarily in Spain)
III. Three possessive adjectives (mi, tu, su) have only two forms, singular and plural.
a. Mi ..................... mis
b. Tu ..................... tus
c. Su ..................... sus
IV. Possessive adjectives agree with the nouns they modify. That is, they agree with the thing possessed,
not the possessor.
a. mi libro ............. my book
b. mis libros .......... my books
c. tu pluma ............ your pen
d. tus plumas ......... your pens
V. Mi, tu and su do not have masculine and feminine forms. They stay the same, regardless of the
gender of the nouns they modify.
a. mi amigo
b. mi amiga
c. tus hermanos
d. tus hermanas
e. su libro
f. . sus plumas
VI. Mi means “my” ; tu means “your.”
a. Mi casa es tu casa My house is your house.
b. Su, like tu, can mean “your.” The difference between your (tu) and your (su) lies in the degree of
formality the speaker wishes to convey.
c. Mi casa es tu casa (speaking to someone you would address as “tú”)
d. Mi casa es su casa (speaking to someone you would address as “usted”)
NOTE: The two words “tu” and “tú” are pronounced the same. Tú (with the written accent) is the subject
pronoun meaning “you” (informal). Tu (without the written accent) is the possessive adjective meaning “your”
(informal).
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VII. Su has four meanings: his, her, their and your (formal).
a. María busca a su hermana. .........................María is looking for her sister.
b. Juan busca a su hermana. ...........................Juan is looking for his sister.
c. Ellos buscan a su hermana .........................They are looking for their sister.
d. Su madre busca a su hermana ....................Your mother is looking for your sister.
VIII. If the meaning of su is not clear from the context of the sentence, a prepositional phrase is used in
place of su.
a. María busca a la hermana de él ..................María looks for his sister.
b. El hombre busca las llaves de ella ..............The man looks for her keys.
c. María busca el cuaderno de Juan ................María looks for Juan’s notebook.
d. El hombre busca las llaves de Samanta ......The man looks for Samanta’s keys.
IX. Two possessive adjectives (nuestro and usted) have four forms.
a. Nuestro, nuestra, nuestros, nuestras
b. De Usted, de Ustedes
c. Nuestro means “our.”
i. nuestro hermano .............................our brother
ii. nuestra hermana .............................our sister
iii. nuestros hermanos ..........................our brothers
iv. nuestras hermanas ..........................our sisters
d. Vuestro means “your” (familiar, plural). Like vosotros, vuestro is primarily used in Spain. So we
will use the prepositional phrase “de ustedes” to show possession in second person plural.
i. El libro de ustedes ..........................your book
ii. La pluma de ustedes .......................your pen
iii. Los libros de ustedes ......................your books
iv. Las plumas de ustedes ....................your pens
X. Here are all of the possessive adjectives:
a. mi(s) ..........................................................my
e. ustedes .......................................................your (fam. pl.)
Note that these possessive adjectives are not used with articles of clothing or body parts. Rather, the definite
article is used.
Me gusta el vestido nuevo ........ I like my new dress
Me duele el brazo .................... My arm hurts.
13
1. Mi ................................................................................ ______________________________________
2. Tu ................................................................................ ______________________________________
3. Su ................................................................................ ______________________________________
4. Nuestro ........................................................................ ______________________________________
5. Ustedes ........................................................................ ______________________________________
12. Our tall uncle ............................................................... ______________________________________
15. He loves her fat girl friend............................................ ______________________________________
16. He eats his mother’s green salsa ................................... ______________________________________
.............................. (You have to translate this one in this order: He eats the green salsa of his mother.)
17. She walks with her father’s black dog .......................... ______________________________________
..............................................................................................(The construction is just like number 16.)
19. Do not eat the green cheese (queso) .............................. ______________________________________
20. How many elephants are in the class? ........................... ______________________________________
21. There are sixteen tacos in Pablo’s house ....................... ______________________________________
22. Alexandria eats chips and salsa every day (cada dia) .... ______________________________________
23. Her salsa is red and her chips are green ........................ ______________________________________
24. She eats chips and salsa with her girl friends ................ ______________________________________
25. He loves his fat, black dog ........................................... ______________________________________
14
Stem-Changing Verbs: o:ue
Remember, there are three types of infinitives: -ar, -er, -ir. Infinitives are made up of two parts: the ending and
the stem. In the following examples, the stem is underlined and the ending is in bold.
hablar
comer
vivir
With regular verbs, the stem stays the same, and the ending changes as they are conjugated.
hablo como vivo
hablas comes vives
habla come vive
hablamos comemos vivimos
hablan comen viven
hablan comen viven
With some verbs, the stem also changes when you conjugate them. In the present tense, there are three groups
of stem-changing verbs:
o:ue
e:ie
e:i
With the first group of stem-changing verbs, the letter o in the stem changes to ue in all forms except the first
and second persons plural. (Think of a boot!)
contar
cuento contamos
cuentas cuentan
cuenta cuentan
Here's another o:ue stem changing verb. Compare it to the regular verb comer. Notice that the endings are the
same for regular verbs and stem-changing verbs.
mover (o:ue) / comer (regular -er verb)
muevo / como
mueves / comes
mueve / come
movemos / comemos
mueven / comen
mueven / comen
15
2
Here's another o:ue stem-changing verb. Notice how the stem doesn't change in the nosotros and vosotros
forms.
Almorzar ..................................................................................................................................... to eat lunch
Dormer ...............................................................................................................................................to sleep
Probar ................................................................................................................... to prove, test, sample, taste
Recorder ..................................................................................................................................... to remember
Resolver ............................................................................................................................................ to solve
Sonar ........................................................................................................................................ to sound, ring
16
3
Infinitive
Singular Plural
1st Person 2nd Person 3rd Person 1st Person 2nd Person 3rd Person
Almorzar
Cuento
Duermes
Suena
Movemos
Mueven
Cuesten
Translate:
3. The teacher solves the problem (el problema) . ____________________________________________
4. Jesus does not die ........................................... ____________________________________________
5. Chickens do not fly ........................................ ____________________________________________
6. She did not return to school. ........................... ____________________________________________
7. How much does it cost?.................................. ____________________________________________
8. I dream about Spain every night (cada noche) ____________________________________________
9. You return the book ....................................... ____________________________________________
10. Show me your hands (tus manos) ................... ____________________________________________
11. El maestro aprueba la tarea. ............................ ____________________________________________
12. Ella duerme en su casa. .................................. ____________________________________________
13. Usted aprueba de mí ....................................... ____________________________________________
14. ¿Cuánto cuesta la comida? ............................. ____________________________________________
15. Encuentre su dinero. ....................................... ____________________________________________
17
4
18. ¿Le gusta tostar el pan? .................................. ____________________________________________
19. Las vacas no vuelan. ...................................... ____________________________________________
20. Su hermano pequeño me muerde. ................... ____________________________________________
Make a Word Cloud in the space below using the vocabulary of this unit. (Google “Word Cloud” for examples).
Use color, shape, size, etc.
18
1
Stem-Changing Verbs: e:ie
Remember, there are three types of infinitives: -ar, -er, -ir. Infinitives are made up of two parts:
the ending and the stem. In the following examples, the stem is underlined and the ending is in
bold.
hablar
comer
vivir
With regular verbs, the stem stays the same, and the ending changes as they are conjugated.
hablo como vivo
hablas comes vives
habla come vive
hablamos comemos vivimos
hablen comen viven
hablan comen viven
With some verbs, the stem also changes when you conjugate them. In the present tense, there
are three groups of stem-changing verbs:
o:ue
e:ie
e:i
With the second group of stem-changing verbs, the letter e in the stem changes to ie in all forms
except the first person plural.
cerrar
19
2
Here's another e:ie stem changing verb. Compare it to the regular verb comer. Notice that the
endings are the same for regular verbs and stem-changing verbs.
entender (e:ie) comer (regular -er verb)
entiendo como
entiendes comes
entiende come
entendemos comemos
entienden comen
entienden comen
Here's another e:ie stem-changing verb. Notice how the stem doesn't change in the nosotros and
form.
acertar ........................................................................................................... to guess, get right
advertir ............................................................................................................. to advise, warn
cerrar ................................................................................................................... to close, shut
hervir .............................................................................................................................. to boil
mentir ............................................................................................................................... to lie
negar ............................................................................................................................. to deny
perder ..............................................................................................................................to lose
preferir .........................................................................................................................to prefer
20
3
Translate each of the following:
1. I do not understand.
2. Mother begins to write.
3. Do not lie to me!* (look at the end of
this section for special instructions).
4. Confess your sins (el pecado)!*
5. I prefer to eat tacos.
6. Guess how many dogs I have!*
7. Do you understand the problem?
8. You did not boil my meat (el carne).
9. I never deny God.
10. Warn me about the dog!*
11. You return the book.
12. Show me your hands (los manos).
13. El maestro aprueba la tarea.
14. Ella duerme en su casa.
15. Usted aprueba de mí.
16. ¿Cuánto cuesta la comida?
17. Acierto tienes razón Ella advierte
sobre el clima.
21
4
Catolico.
23. El coche empieza en la calle.
24. Enciendes las luces.
25. Entiendemos los problems
usar el baño.
28. Nunca mientis a el padre.
29. Yo amo Deus; I nunca niego él.
30. Pienso que amas español.
31. ¿Donde pierdes tús cuaderno?
32. ¿Prefieres los manzanos o las peras?
___________________________________
22
5
Make a Crossword puzzle using the vocabulary of this unit. Put your clues to the right and
below. Make the grid accurately but don’t put the answers in it. Color in the boxes that don’t
contain a letter. It should all fit on this one page.
23
1
Spanish
Body and Clothing (el Cuerpo y la Ropa) la cabeza head el sombrero hat
el cerebro brain los pendientes earrings
el pelo hair la camisa shirt
la cara face la blusa blouse
el oreja ear el vestido dress
el ojo eye los pantelones pants
la boca mouth pantalones vaqueros jeans
la naríz nose la falda skirt
el cuello neck los calcetines socks
el hombro shoulder los zapatos shoes
el pecho chest el traje de bañar swimsuit
el estómigo stomach ropa anterior underwear
la cintura waist los guantes gloves
la espalda back la correa belt
el corazón heart la capa coat
el brazo arm el anillo ring
el codo elbow
la muñeca wrist Me duele en mi brazo. My arm hurts.
el mano hand ¿Estás lastimado? Are you hurt?
el dedo finger Tengo dolor de la cabeza. I have a headache.
la pierna leg ¿Tienes aspirina? Do you have aspirin?
el pie foot
verbs for the English
want to use?
Write it here:
Translate
3. Her eyes are blue; his eyes are brown.
4. How many fingers do I have?
5. He has a sensitive heart.
6. My mother’s back hurts.
7. The child has ten fingers and ten toes.
8. She has a pretty face.
9. She has blue earrings in her hears.
10. My father wears a red shirt.
11. She dresses in a green skirt and a red
blouse.
one black shoe.
13. My mother has white gloves.
14. Do you like my new swim suit? It is a
speedo!
días?
duele en los estómagos nosotros.
17. Tengo un anillo en mi dedo y uno en
el dedo del pie.
púrpura.
púrpura.
usted?
25
3
Draw a dressed human being and label at least 20 body parts and clothing.
26
1
Stem-Changing Verbs: e:i
Remember, there are three types of infinitives: -ar, -er, -ir. Infinitives are made up of two parts:
the ending and the stem. In the following examples, the stem is underlined and the ending is in
bold.
hablar
comer
vivir
With regular verbs, the stem stays the same, and the ending changes as they are conjugated.
HABLAR COMER VIVIR
Hablo como vivo
hablas comes vives
habla come vive
hablamos comemos vivimos
hablan comen viven
hablan comen viven
With some verbs, the stem also changes when you conjugate them. In the present tense, there
are three groups of stem-changing verbs:
o:ue
e:ie
e:i
With the third group of stem-changing verbs, the letter e in the stem changes to i in all forms
except the first person plural.
repetir
27
2
Here's another e:i stem changing verb. Compare it to the regular verb vivir. Notice that the
endings are the same for regular verbs and stem-changing verbs.
competir (e:i) vivir (regular -ir verb)
compito vivo
compites vives
compite vive
competimos vivimos
compiten viven
compiten viven
Here's another e:i stem-changing verb. Notice how the stem doesn't change in the first person
plural.
bendecir (*) ....................................... to bless
colegir ............................................to deduce
competir ...................................... to compete
perseguir ....................to pursue, to persecute
reír ................................................... to laugh
repetir ............................................. to repeat
forms are irregular in the first person: yo
digo, etc.
Dices you say Dicen y’all say
Dice s/he says Dicen they say
28
3
1. She blesses ..........................................
2. You deduce .........................................
3. I compete ............................................
4. to get ...................................................
marked with an asterisk (*) there is a note at
the end of the section to help you translate
it.
24. Ella compite con él.
25. Él obtiene los tacos. Él consigue seis
de ellos.
27. ¡Usted me dice la verdad a me!*
28. Me despido de ti de la clase.
29. Nosotros elegimos a nuestro
presidente.
hijos.
29
4
32. Ella mide su vestido.
33. Pedimos dos burros.
35. Se repite la frase en español.
36. Seguimos a Jesús al cielo.*
37. Servir a todos con una sonrisa.
38. Ella sonríe cuando sirve sus amigos.
23. El pueblo – the people
27 & 31. “…a me.” is simply added for
emphasis.
Make a Word Find in the space below using
the vocabulary of this unit. List the hidden
words below the grid of letters that you
create. Write neatly!
4. I am going to go into the living room.
5. Are you going to sleep in your bed with a
green blanket?
7. Mi hermana escucha a el radio.
8. ¿De qué color es la pared de tu habitación?
9. La ducha y bañera están en el baño.
10. Mi familia come en el cuarto de cenar.
House and Furniture (Casa y Muebles) la casa house la mesa table
el apartamento apartment la silla chair
el cuarto room sofá couch
la sala living room escritorio desk
la cocina kitchen lavaplatos dishwasher
cuarto de cenar dining room el puerto door
vestíbulo hallway la luz light
escaleras stairs cama bed
bañera bathtub televisión television
la pila sink la refrijedora refrigerator
azotea roof estufa stove
la ventana window la basura garbage
la pared wall microonda microwave
31
2
Draw the floor plan of your home and label at least 10 parts.
32
1
Stem Changing Verbs, Review
Remember, there are three types of infinitives: -ar, -er, -ir. Infinitives are made up of two parts:
the ending and the stem. In the following examples, the stem is underlined and the ending is in
bold.
hablar
comer
vivir
With regular verbs, the stem stays the same, and the ending changes as they are conjugated.
Conjugate each of the following regular verbs:
Infinitive CHARLAR (to chat) BEBER (to drink) EXISTIR (to exist)
1p S
2p S
3p S
1p P
2p P
3p P
With some verbs, the stem also changes when you conjugate them. In the present tense, there
are three groups of stem-changing verbs:
o:ue e:ie e:i
Remember: Only the vowels in the stems change, the endings are the same as the
regular verbs. There is no change in the 1p P.
33
2
Conjugate the following verbs: Infinitive CERRAR (to close) DECIR (to say, tell) COSTAR (to cost)
1p S
2p S
3p S
1p P
2p P
3p P
How in the world can I keep all of this straight?
Some time ago Matt D. asked me: “When do we change the vowels of the stem? How do we
know which stems to change and what to change them to?” A Great Question, Matt! Even
though at this point it might just be easiest to memorize which words need the stem changes,
here is the rule…
Under normal circumstances, the accent for a word without a written accent falls on the next to
last syllable of that word. This does not apply when the word ends in a vowel, "R," or "S"
however.
When an accent is to fall on an "E" after conjugating, it changes to "ie.", when an accent is to
fall on an "O", it changes to "ue.", and when an accent is to fall on an "E" in an -ir verb, it
changes to "i." I know, this might be a bit confusing. But, it is the rule.
34
3
Infinitive 1p S Meaning
You should already know how to conjugate the verb estar.
estoy
estás
está
estamos
están
están
Notice that ir and dar follow the same pattern as estar; they are irregular in the first person singular (yo).
Estar (to be) Ir (to go) Dar (to give)
estoy voy doy
estás vas das
está va da
estamos vamos damos
están van dan
están van dan
Ir a + infinitive
In Spanish, many useful expressions are formed by combining two verbs. When this occurs, the first verb is
conjugated, while the second verb remains in the infinitive form.
ir, viajar Yo voy a viajar a España.
I am going to travel to Spain.
acabar, comer Tú acabas de comer.
You have just eaten.
volver, leer María vuelve a leer el libro.
María reads the book again.
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2
One such expression combines the verb ir (conjugated) with an infinitive. The preposition "a" is always used.
The formula is:
ir a + infinitive = to be going to do something (in the near future) – This is called the Future Progressive.
Voy a llevar a mi hermana a su casa.
I am going to take my sister to her house.
Vas a invitar a muchas muchachas.
You are going to invite lots of girls.
Cristina va a conversar con mi mamá.
Christina is going to talk with my mom.
Eduardo va a leer el libro.
Edward is going to read the book.
Remember how to conjugate the verb ir:
voy
vas
va
vamos
van
van
Here are some useful words and expressions for pinpointing exactly when you are going to do something.
Hoy .............................................................................................................................. today
Mañana ................................................................................................................... tomorrow
esta noche ................................................................................................................... tonight
mañana por la tarde................................................................................. tomorrow afternoon
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3
Translate the following:
tonight.
6. Are you going to defend me?
7. She is going to run to school.
8. Fr. Clint is going to bless us.
9. Am I going to see you at Church on
Sunday?
the Our Father in class.
11. Are you going to go to school in
Springfield?
15. The dog knows how to walk home.
16. John boils the meat again.
17. My mother has just prayed to see you.
18. Elijah knows how to study Spanish.
19. Cloe and Will know how to serve at
the Mass.
Bible?
40
4
Tell me five different things you are going to do today after school using a complete Spanish
sentence:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
List 12 stem-changing verbs – four of each type -- from previous chapters:
O – UE E – IE E - I
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Using the stem-changing verbs you listed above, select two of each type and write six
sentences (using one in each sentence)using the Future Progressive:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
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1
cannot be immediately understood by
analyzing its literal meaning. A few
examples of idioms in English are:
to "drive someone crazy"
Spanish also has many idiomatic
expressions. Although their literal
speakers. Here is one example:
Idiom: Hace mucho frío
True Meaning: It is very cold
In Spanish, there are a number of idiomatic
expressions that employ the verb hacer
(literal meaning: to do or to make), and are
used to describe the weather.
¿Qué tiempo hace? ...................................
Hace fresco. ................................ It's brisk.
also contain a noun.
modified by adjectives, not adverbs.
Hace mucho frío.
It's very cold.
the verb hay:
Hay relámpagos. ................. It's lightning.
Hay humedad. .......................... It's humid.
Hay nubes. ............................... It's cloudy.
Hay un vendaval. .....There's a windstorm.
Hay granizo. ............................ It's hailing.
Hay lloviznas. ..................... It's sprinkling.
along with an adjective:
Está oscuro. ................................. It's dark.
Está nublado. ........................... It's cloudy.
Está lluvioso. ...........................It's raining.
single verb:
Nieva.
Truena.
Llovizna.
Here are some common ways to ask about
the weather:
• ¿Cómo está el tiempo?
Ten of the most common and useful weather
related expressions:
2. The weather dude said it is very cold
with rain.
3. But, I think it is going to be sunny with a
few clouds.
snow?
7. I think it is cloudy today.
8. It’s raining; it’s pouring; the old man is
snoring…
day; Little Johnny wants to play.
10. All sunshine makes for a desert.
43
3
complete Spanish statement.
2. ¿Cuál es tu animal favorito?
3. ¿Le gusta más la lluvia o la nieve?
4. ¿Trueno asusta Ud.?
6. ¿Cuál es su color favorito?
7. ¿De qué color es una nube enojado? Una
nube feliz?
tengamos ninguna escuela?
10. ¿A qué hora del tiempo de difusión en el
televisor?
clima? Acordas de lo que calmó la
tormenta?
pingüino?
camello?
árbol de plátano?
16. ¿Es el desierto del Sahara frío y
húmedo?
tropicales de América Central como?
18. ¿Es el tiempo en el estado de Florida en
seco o húmedo?
Groenlandia caliente?
tiempo de cada uno?
Tener and Venir
"Tener" and "venir" are both irregular verbs. Because they are irregular, you must memorize their conjugations.
We present these two verbs together because they are very similar in the way they are conjugated:
Tener ....................................to have
Venir ................................... to come
tenen / venen ......................... Y’all have / Y’all come
tienen / vienen ....................... They have / They come
Tener que + infinitive is one way to express obligation or necessity. This expression can be translated as
"someone has to do something." Tener is conjugated according to the subject of the sentence.
Tengo que comer las verduras. ........................................................... I have to eat the vegetables.
Ángel tiene que leer el periódico. ...............................................Ángel has to read the newspaper.
Ellos tienen que comprar una revista. ............................................. They have to buy a magazine.
Hay que + infinitive is used to express the idea of "one must do something" or, "it is necessary to do
something." It is a more general expression and since there is no subject, the verb form hay is always used.
Hay que tomar un taxi. ...................................................................... It is necessary to take a taxi.
Hay que estudiar mucho. .............................................................................. One must study a lot.
These examples illustrate the contrasting uses of these two expressions:
María tiene un examen el lunes. Ella tiene que estudiar.
María has a test on Monday. She has to study.
No es fácil aprender el español. Hay que practicar mucho.
It isn't easy to learn Spanish. It is necessary to practice a lot.
Idiomatic Expressions with "tener"
An idiom is an expression that cannot be immediately understood by analyzing its literal meaning. A few
examples of idioms in English are:
to be "on the go"
to "play the field"
to "jump the gun"
Spanish also has many idiomatic expressions. Although their literal translations sound odd to English speakers,
they sound perfectly natural to native speakers. Here is one example:
Idiom: Hace mucho frío
True Meaning: It is very cold
45
There are many idiomatic expressions that use the verb tener. This one expresses age:
Idiom: tener _____ años
Many other expressions using tener express physical sensations:
tener frío
to hurt or be sore, etc.
There are also many idiomatic expressions with tener that express sensations more psychological in nature:
tener prisa
tener miedo a/de + noun
tener miedo a/de + infinitive
tener celos
tener razón
46
When using these idiomatic expressions, conjugate the verb (tener) according to the subject of the sentence.
Yo tengo cinco años.
Tú tienes ocho años.
Pablo tiene dos años.
Notice that the expressions combine the verb tener with a noun:
• el año
• los celos
• el frío
• la confianza
• el calor
• el cuidado
• el hambre
• la vergüenza
• la sed
• la razón
• el sueño
• el éxito
• el dolor
• la culpa
• la prisa
• la suerte
• el miedo
• el lugar
Because the expressions with tener use nouns, they are modified with adjectives, not adverbs.
Tengo frío.
Tengo mucho frío. (not muy)
FYI: These are the most common and most useful of these sorts of expressions:
• tener _____ años
• tener calor
• tener frío
• tener hambre
• tener sed
• tener prisa
3. Are you afraid to study? ......................................._________________________________________
4. Don’s be ashamed! I am ugly too. ........................_________________________________________
5. estar ....................................................................._________________________________________
7. His brother is hungry ............................................_________________________________________
8. I am guilty of eating the taco ................................_________________________________________
9. I am jealous of her beauty ...................................._________________________________________
10. I am not in a hurry ................................................_________________________________________
11. I am six years old. ................................................_________________________________________
12. I feel like I am twelve years old ............................_________________________________________
13. I have to take your words into account ................._________________________________________
...................................................... (Use this construction: “I have to take into account your words.”)
14. ir .........................................................................._________________________________________
16. My grandfather is sixty years old.........................._________________________________________
17. My mother is successful ......................................._________________________________________
18. no tener suerte ......................................................_________________________________________
19. no tengo razón ......................................................_________________________________________
21. ser ........................................................................_________________________________________
22. soy ......................................................................._________________________________________
25. tener prisa ............................................................_________________________________________
28. tengo dos años ......................................................_________________________________________
35. You be careful! ...................................................._________________________________________
37. Your aunt is very cold .........................................._________________________________________
In each of the following boxes draw a symbol of one of the idiomatic phrases of “Tener”
and write the phrase somewhere in the proper box.
1
Spanish II
Memorize the vocabulary for this week. Much of it we have already had…
School (Escuela)
danza dance escuela school
economía economics estudiente student
geografía geography el examen test/quiz/exam
geometría geometry la universidad university
historia history estudiar to study
matemáticas math aprender to learn
música music enseñar to teach
educación física physical education escribir to write
física physics dibujar to draw
ciencia política political science leer to read
50
2
3. I am going to go to college.
4. We have a great geography teacher.
5. Do you have a pen or a pencil?
6. I am going to study calculus. Do you
have a calculator?
teacher?
Cervantes?
tomorrow.
notebooks.
música?
13. ¿Es necesario una computadora por el
clase de arte?
15. El maestro tiene un lápiz verde.
16. ¿De qué color es tu pluma? Rojo o
verde?
o usted tiene un libro?
18. Por favor, correr a la tienda y comprar
seis hojas de papel de color rosa.
19. Comenzar a escribir en el examen.
20. El profesor sonrió a sus estudiantes.
21. Mi clase favorita es matemáticas.
Decir que al Sr. Palazzolo.
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Easter Sweets, Candy, chocolate,
Pentecost
Triduum
Easter Sacraments.
Ash Wednesday
El Huevo De Pascua
malvaviscos, píos
Jesús Cristo
Pentecostés
Triduo
sacramentos de Pascua.
Miércoles de ceniza
Yeah, an Easter Word Find!
Directions: Using your Easter Vocabulary List find many words hidden below. Once you have found all of the words, use the remaining unused
letters to read a secret message from your teacher. Good Luck!
O E C E N I Z A S T U D I A N
R S U T S E N O I C A C A V E
E O A T U L I P A N E S L P E D T R I D U O A R O A Q I U N
R N E E T E V S P N G S M C O
O I S A T S E C O N E J O A I C C M Y Z A U U L R S U S R C
N A A U N A H A L P A A N N A
O J R N S C U S I I A C A E M M C S O B E N E T D R E I C I
A I E T A L O C O H C I D O F
J A R Q U E D L S I O S O B N P I O S E N D U I G A F R S O
C L L E I N T D O M I N G O C
O N F R O T N A S O D A B A S
What is the secret message from your teacher? Write it here and translate it into English:
53
1
1
del bullying 3
York, Abr 03. 2017. 6
El acoso cibernético se ha vuelto un 7
tema cada día más común en los 8
noticieros, y una amenaza para 9
nuestros hijos. 10
sobre su reputación en línea, 12
especialmente en las redes sociales, y 13
de cómo puede afectar su vida real. 14
He aquí cinco consejos para que enseñes 15
a tus hijos a protegerse cuando usen 16
Internet. 17
perdura 19
es como un “tatuaje permanente”. Hoy 21
día las empresas buscan información 22
sobre los aspirantes. Imagina que un hijo 23
tuyo acaba de terminar su carrera. Los 24
reclutadores de personal podrían 25
revisar su reputación en línea antes de 26
decidir si lo contratan o no. Así que es 27
mejor ser prudentes al usar la Red: los 28
errores que cometemos al navegar en 29
ella perduran. 30
privacidad 33
son una solución perfecta, pero brindan 35
cierto grado de protección a los usuarios 36
de las redes sociales. Si tu hijo o hija 37
tiene una cuenta en una de estas 38
redes, cerciórate de que sepa cómo 39
mantener sus actualizaciones fuera 40
del dominio público, y también cómo 41
aprovechar al máximo las 42
configuraciones de privacidad. 43
Muchos adolescentes piensan que está 46
bien compartir todo con sus amigos en 47
línea. Por ejemplo, escribir: “¡Ojalá no 48
tuviéramos estos vecinos! Dice mi papá 49
que los odia”. Este comentario quizá le 50
parezca inofensivo al muchacho, pero si 51
54
problemas. Los adolescentes tienen 2
que saber que lo que publican en línea 3
puede perjudicarlos a ellos y a otras 4
personas. 5
personal 8
apropia de la cuenta de otro chico, 11
bloquea su acceso a ella y después finge 12
ser la víctima. Cuando el dueño recupera 13
el control de su cuenta (si es que lo 14
logra), tanto su nombre como su 15
reputación podrían haber quedado 16
manchados en Internet. 17
Para que a tu hijo nunca le pase eso, 18
enséñale la importancia de 19
no divulgar sus datos 20
personales (fecha de nacimiento 21
completa, número telefónico, dirección, 22
etc.) en las redes sociales. Y ayúdalo a 23
crear una contraseña segura. 24
Puede ser una combinación de números, 25
símbolos y letras mayúsculas y 26
minúsculas. Otra opción es convertir en 27
contraseña una frase fácil de recordar. 28
Por ejemplo, “Yo, Joel Brito, nací a las 29
5:00 a.m.” se convierte en YJBn@5AM. 30
31
Se vuelve información pública. Es 33
imposible garantizar que lo que uno 34
publica en Internet permanecerá donde 35
uno desea que sea visto. Los piratas 36
acceden a las cuentas de Facebook; los 37
amigos comparten mensajes privados, y 38
las empresas modifican sus políticas de 39
privacidad. 40
envíen un mensaje, deben considerar 43
si lo que están compartiendo es 44
“información pública”. Pregúntales: 45
o su abuela vean esa imagen o ese texto? 47
Si la respuesta es no, entonces no deben 48
publicarlo. 49
Internet? 52
1. Protégé
2. Cibernético
3. Vuelto
otros
questions:
of this article?
information” does this article
a litmus test for determining
whether something is “internet
when using the internet?
three examples of how it
happens on the internet.
article? In other words, in one
sentence tell me what it was all
about.
Nombre:
Fecha:
57