WORKBOOK ANSWER KEYS - english-dashboard.pearson.com

WORKBOOK ANSWER KEYS

M04_NCS_ANC_L4_TRB_37588_AK.indd Page 74 11/5/18 2:59 PM f-0282 /128/PE03211_COMP_WB/CO/NA/SE/2018/G4/XXXXXXXXXX/Layout/Interior_Files/TRB/M04

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Unit 1Page 3 • Key Words

A. B.1. protect 5. protect2. secure 6. young3. young 7. secure4. communicates 8. communicates

Page 4 • Academic Words

A. B.1. b 4. goal2. c 5. challenge3. a 6. involve

C.Possible responses7. I have never said no to a challenge. I

like to accomplish things.8. I wanted to make an A in math.

Page 5 • PhonicsStudents should circle:2. short a 7. short i3. short o 9. short a5. short e 10. short e

Page 6 • ComprehensionRecall1. They cannot fly for many months after

they are born.2. They leave the babies in their den.3. A baby wallaby is called a joey.Comprehend4. They take turns watching them while

the other parent goes out in search of food.

Analyze5. They both take care of their young and

protect them from harm.

Page 7 • Reader’s CompanionPossible responsesUse What You Know Racoons are nocturnal; their faces look like masks; they are about cat-size.Reading Strategy Raccoon babies are very small when they are born. They cannot stand or open their eyes. Comprehension Check Only female raccoons take care of the babies. A mother might have four babies to take care of alone.

Page 8Possible responsesUse the Strategy The mother raccoon worries that other animals might find her den.Retell It! Raccoons are small when they are born.

Their mother teaches them to care for themselves. After a few months, she moves the family to a new den.Reader’s Response Students should name an animal discussed in the selection and explain why they would like to know more about it.

Page 9 • Learning Strategies1. A seahorse’s head looks like a horse’s

head.2. Seahorses can curl their tails up under

them and use the tail to hold onto things.3. The father seahorse has a pouch.

Page 10 • Grammar2. does not speak / doesn’t speak3. is4. live5. Are6. are not7. lives

Page 11 • SpellingPossible responses

A.1. hat, hit, hot, hut2. cap, cop, cup3. pan, pen, pin, pun4. rag, rig, rug

B.5. nod, not6. cab, cad, can, cap, cat7. bit, fit, hit, kit, lit, nit, pit, sit, wit8. ban, can, fan, man, pan, ran, tan, vanPossible responsesThe pan is hot.That man is wearing a cap.

Page 12 • Writing1. B 3. C2. D 4. A

Page 13 • Key Words

A. B.1. shimmer 7. glowed2. warm 8. warm3. glowed 9. companion4. frisky 10. breath5. breath 11. shimmer6. companion 12. frisky


A. B.1. bond 4. bond2. encounter 5. occur3. occurs 6. encounter

C.Possible responses7. My best friend and I like to watch

movies.

8. Rain occurs when clouds fill with moisture.

Page 15 • Word Study

-ed sounds like d

-ed sounds like t

-ed adds a syllable

2. planted √ √

3. filled √

4. rushed √

Possible responses5. My friend eats vegetables every day.6. Beth walked to school yesterday.

Page 16 • ComprehensionPossible responses1. They walked many miles looking for a

home.2. He buried the llama next to an icy

stream.3. The star took the shape of the old

llama.4. Bits of llama wool fell from the sky.5. He took the llama wool to the city and

sold it.6. As the boy was crying by the stream,

the sky filled with a bright light and one star began to shimmer. It then floated to the ground beside the stream and turned into the shape of the old llama. The star llama drank from the stream for a long time and then looked at the boy and smiled. She jumped back into the sky.

7. The old llama and the star llama were similar in that they both cared for the boy and wanted him to be happy.

Page 17 • Reader’s CompanionGenreStudents should underline “Then she looked at the sad Inca boy and smiled.”Reading StrategyPossible response: The llama jumped into the sky. Llama wool fell from the sky.Comprehension CheckStudents should draw a box around “With the money, he bought a house and two frisky young llamas.”

Page 18Possible responsesUse the StrategyBits of llama wool fell from the sky. Fantasy.Retell It!A star llama visited a lonely boy. When she left she gave the boy some silver wool. He sold the wool and bought a house and two llamas.

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Reader’s ResponseThe boy was lonely, but after the star llama visited him, he was never lonely again.

Page 19 • Learning Strategies1. F 5. F2. R 6. R3. R 7. F4. F 8. R

Page 20 • Grammar2. were3. was not4. was5. were not

Page 21 • Spelling

A. B.1. asks 6. growled2. pushes 7. liked3. hands 8. washed4. claps 9. played5. watches 10. jumpedPossible response: I played with my dog at the beach. He jumped into the water. On the way home, he growled at a squirrel.

Page 22 • Writing1. C 3. C2. B 4. D


A. B.1. adopt 6. TRUE2. banned 7. FALSE3. captured 8. TRUE4. volunteers 9. TRUE5. rainforest 10. FALSE


A. B.1. strategy 4. recover2. recover 5. strategy3. establish 6. establish

C.Possible responses 7. You would need people to be a part of

the team to establish a supermarket.8. My strategy for doing well at school is

to study and listen to my teacher.

Page 25 • Phonics

A. B.1. nose 5. mad/made2. face 6. tub/tube3. tune 7. hop/hope4. rice 8. hid/hide

Page 26 • ComprehensionPossible responses1. More than 10% of all the plants

and animals in the world are in the Amazon.

2. Ecuador banned the practice of capturing wild animals and selling them as pets.

3. The World Wildlife Fund called the area near Mera “A Gift to the Earth.”

4. The first animal only arrived in 2009 because it took several years of hard work to prepare the sanctuary.

5. People volunteer to help others and to feel good about themselves.

Page 27 • Reader’s CompanionPossible responsesReading StrategyThe passage could be about wild animals. The passage could be about saving animals.GenreA Place for Wild Animals; Animal Rescue in the RainforestComprehension CheckUnderline: But some animals cannot return to the wild.

Page 28 Possible responsesUse the StrategyMerazonia saved these wild animals.Retell It!Merazonia is an animal sanctuary in the Amazon rainforest. Volunteers help rescue and care for wild animals. You can help by adopting a wild animal online.Reader’s ResponseVolunteers can help people, animals, or the Earth. Volunteers can clean up a beach or feed people.

Page 29 • Learning StrategiesPossible responses1. I learned that the story is about a

guest that doesn’t usually visit a house.

2. I predict that Melinda will make friends with the new animal and make it her pet.

Page 30 • Grammar2. returned3. Did; try4. did not study / didn’t study5. did; arrive6. dropped7. did; like8. did not play; didn’t play9. Did; recover


A. B.1. bake 5. wave2. made 6. home3. hope 7. game4. time 8. linePossible response: This week I played a game of soccer. I scored three goals.

Page 32 • Writing1. C 3. B2. A 4. A

Pages 33–34 • Review

A.1. C2. Possible Response: The clownfish

guards the eggs.3. D4. Possible Response: The boy gathered

the wool. He sold the wool and bought a house.

5. Underline: established; didn’t open6. Merazonia gives wild animals food

and shelter. The animal sanctuary helps wild animals survive.

7. C8. B

B.9. was10. Possible response: Fantasy: Slowly

the star took the shape of the old llama. Reality: The boy cried for a very long time.

Page 36 • Writing Workshop1. C 4. A2. A 5. B3. D

Page 39 • Test Preparation1. B 3. A2. G 4. H

Page 401. A 3. D2. G 4. G


A. B.1. ash 6. erupts2. volcano 7. crater3. crater 8. volcano4. lava 9. lava5. erupts 10. ash

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A. B.1. consist of 4. evidence2. evidence 5. consists of3. similar 6. similar

C.Possible responses7. Responses will vary.8. I do math, reading, science, social

studies, art, gym, and music.


-ed sounds like d

-ed sounds like t

-ed adds a syllable

2. jumped √

3. called √

4. wanted √ √

5. looked √

6. barked √

7. tasted √ √

8. pulled √

9. needed √ √

10. missed √

Page 44 • ComprehensionPossible responses1. The family is in Hawaii, USA.2. Lava consists of melted rock.3. Hot water evaporated and caused the

steam that they saw. 4. The island gets bigger when melted

rock flows into the ocean. It cools and the land grows.

5. Yes, the writer would recommend a trip to the Big Island. The writer enjoyed the trip.

Page 45 • Reader’s CompanionPossible responsesUse What You KnowLava flows when it is hot. Lava consists of melted rock. Lava hardens when it cools.GenreShe handed it to me; it was scratchy and rough, and full of holes.Reading StrategyStudents should circle the title. The title tells me that the reading will be about a lava boat tour.

Page 46 Possible responsesUse the StrategyI could understand the passage even though I didn’t understand every sentence right away.

Retell It!Today I took a group of tourists out to see the lava flows. The volcano was erupting gently, and we saw the lava flowing into the ocean. Everyone loved it!Reader’s ResponseI would make sure that people knew about the dangers. I could use the internet to inform people. I could explain what to do and where to go when there is danger.

Page 47 • Learning Stategies2, 5, 4, 3, 1

Page 48 • Grammar2. became3. read4. Did; tell5. were not / weren’t6. threw7. ran8. did not see / didn’t see9. came10. did; go

Page 49 • Spelling1. barked 4. waited2. covered 5. played3. watched 6. likedPossible response: When the snow ended, the kids played outside. They sledded down the hill. They skated on the ice. Then they walked home.

Page 50 • Writing1. C 3. A2. A


A.1. lightning 6. FALSE2. electricity 7. TRUE3. evaporate 8. TRUE4. temperature 9. FALSE5. thunder


A. B.1. C 4. feature2. A 5. demonstrate3. B 6. appropriate

C.Possible responses7. running away8. the library


A.1. moon; light 4. skate; board2. be; come 5. pop; corn3. under; stand

B. Possible responses:6. someone, sometimes7. bookstore8. airplane / airport 9. lightbulb10. goodbye

Page 54 • ComprehensionPossible responses1. Lightning is a big flash of electricity.2. There are more storms in the summer.3. Thunder is the sound we hear when

lightning heats the air around it so quickly that the air explodes.

4. Find shelter in a strong building or in a car with a hard roof. Do not stand under trees that are alone in the middle of a field. Do not stand under tall trees when there are shorter trees close by. Do not stand near things that are made of metal.

5. He will tell her how to do the lightning crouch.

Page 55 • Reader’s CompanionPossible responsesUse What You KnowThey are rainstorms with thunder and lightning; lightning is electricity; thunder comes after lightning.Reading StrategyThere are numbered step-by-step instructions.Comprehension CheckOn a lone tree; near large metal things; on a strong building.

Page 56Possible responsesUse the StrategyI saw a poster in the cafeteria that said what to do if someone is choking. Retell It!I was in a field when a thunderstorm started. First I went into the forest. Then I walked to a big building.Reader’s Response1. You should try not to go where there are hurricanes. 2. If a hurricane comes, get to a strong building. 3. Do not stand on the beach.

Page 57 • Learning Strategies1. Email. Possible response: friendly

greeting2. Informational article. Possible

response: tells facts about subject

Page 58 • Grammar2. Don’t 6. wait3. First 7. Finally4. Then 8. Follow5. bring

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Page 59

A. B.1. quickly 5. building2. outside 6. underground3. somebody 7. backyard,

backing4. cloudy 8. untiePossible response: I play catch in the backyard with my dad.

Page 60 • Writing1. B 3. A2. A


A.1. hurricane2. bolt3. shelter4. breeze

B.5. onesbbt bolt caturnsh6. der breeze fhsthuirk7. od hurricane ooningq8. zerrfi shelter msltw


A. B.1. assistance 4. major2. major 5. assistance3. impact 6. impact

C.Possible responses7. I spend the major part of my day in

school.8. I ask either my mother or my father for

help, or assistance, with homework.

Page 63 • Phonics2. beaches 6. wash3. catch 7. three4. shore 8. mother5. fishing 9. with

Page 64 • ComprehensionPossible responses1. A man from the hotel told them.2. The wood would protect the house

from wind and rain.3. They stayed at a hotel.4. The shore was pounded by angry

waves. The waves were strong and high. It was afternoon, but the sky was as dark as night. The roads were crowded with cars.

5. The narrator learned what to do during a bad storm.

Page 65 • Reader’s CompanionPossible responsesUse What You KnowThey are dangerous. They have strong winds. They bring rain.Reading StrategyStudents should circle examples in the passage that indicate setting.Comprehension CheckStudents should underline the first paragraph.

Page 66Possible responsesUse the Strategy“Hurricanes are dangerous,” and “sand flew all around the beach” are clues about what a hurricane is like.Retell It!Here on the beach, I can feel the wind getting very strong. People are leaving for the shelter.Reader’s ResponseI would protect my house. Then I would go to a shelter until the storm was over.

Page 67 • Learning Strategies1. Clue words may include summer, sand,

hot, waves, breeze, salty, water. Jerry and Caleb are at the beach.

2. Clue words may include parking lot, shoppers, favorite stores. Dad and Joanie are at a mall.

Page 68 • Grammar2. We have a small metal camping stove.3. He loves to wear his white leather

running shoes.4. Did you see that huge blue tour bus

that went by?5. The baby has gorgeous big brown

eyes.

Page 69 • Spelling1. books; k2. pick; ck3. like; k4. cold; cPossible response: There was a black cat who thought she was a kangaroo. She hopped around and tried to put her babies in a pouch.

Page 70 • Writing1. A 3. D2. A

Page 71 • Review1. A2. B3. Possible response: Hot lava flows to

the ocean. When the hot lava cools, it

becomes rock. The island grows little by little.

4. Underlined words may include sea, shore, sand.

Page 725. strong6. A, B, D7. flash8. C9. “They often have charts to make the

facts clear” is incorrect.

Page 74 • Writing Workshop1. A 4. D2. B 5. D3. C

Page 77 • Test Preparation1. A 3. A2. H 4. G

Page 781. B 3. A2. F 4. J


A. B.1. c 5. nonsense2. b 6. duty3. d 7. council4. a 8. mischief 9. satisfied 10. tidbit


A. B.1. respond 4. responds2. emerge 5. emerge3. respond 6. react

C.Possible responses7. Dolphins look like shiny gray moving

rocks when they emerge from the water.

8. I jump and scream.

Page 81 • Phonics

A. B.2. long o; oe 9. oa (boat)3. long u; ue 10. ay (May)4. long e; ee 11. ue (glue)5. long i; ie 12. ie (pies)6. long o; oa7. long a; ai8. long u; ui



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Page 82 • ComprehensionPossible responses1. He tried to tell him that the farmer

grew a carrot as large as an elephant.2. She ran from her home.3. She saw that one of her eggs was

missing.4. The lion felt that all of the mischief

started with Mosquito.5. He wanted to find out what happened

in the forest. He made the decision to not let Mosquito talk anymore.

Page 83 • Reader’s CompanionUse What You KnowPossible responses: You hurt people’s feelings; people won’t like you; gossip is sometimes not true.GenreStudents should underline “Even today mosquitoes want to talk. But all they can do is buzzzzz!”Reading StrategyStudents should circle “Turtle removed the leaves from her ears.”

Page 84Possible responsesUse the StrategyI could understand how each event in the plot helped me understand that whole passage.Retell It!Lion asked me why I didn’t answer Snake. I said it was because of Mosquito. Then Lion made it so Mosquito can’t talk anymore.Reader’s ResponseThis passage taught me that gossip can cause a lot of trouble. It can make people mad at you.

Page 85 • Learning Strategies3, 5, 1, 6, 2, 4

Page 86 • Grammar2. The kids swim in the lake.3. His stories are always interesting.4. The buses to the city leave early.5. The knives are sharp and dangerous. 6. The tomatoes taste salty.7. The boxes are on the table.

Page 87 • Spelling1. annoy 5. gossip2. rock 6. dangerous3. jumped 7. nonsense4. tallest 8. leavesPossible response: Fox wanted to eat a chicken, even though it was dangerous. He hid under some leaves. Then at night, he jumped into the barn, and tried to catch a chicken. Fox didn’t catch the chicken. The chicken was too fast.

Page 88 • Writing1. C 3. A2. B


A. B.1. bare 7. fine2. fine 8. wink3. wink 9. bare4. whisk 10. stitches5. stitches6. stroke


A. B.1. appreciate 4. infer2. infer 5. appreciate3. benefit 6. benefit

C.Possible responses7. I appreciate that my family is kind and

loving towards one another.8. My classmates and I enjoy being

around one another because we have fun and make each other happy. We benefit from each other in many ways.

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A.

long |e| sound

short |e| sound

1. ready √

2. neat √

3. mean √

4. heavy √

5. please √

B.6. bread; S7. beaks; L8. dream; L

Page 92 • ComprehensionPossible responses1. He doesn’t want to get chased out of

another house because he is cold.2. They have no more leather to make

shoes.3. They put the shoes in the window.4. They are very happy.5. Helping others can make you happy

and can make you feel really good inside.

Page 93 • Reader’s CompanionUse What You KnowPossible responses They made shoes to sell; they didn’t chop the house up.

Reading StrategyStudents should circle “We need a warm place to rest.” or “I’m cold.”Comprehension CheckStudents should underline “And their shelves look bare.”

Page 94Possible responsesUse the StrategyInferences helped me understand what was going on. Predictions made me want to read more.Retell It!Once upon a time, there were two shoemakers. They didn’t have any shoes to sell. Then two elves came and made shoes for them. They were happy, and they lived happily ever after.Reader’s ResponseI learned that helping people is better than tricking them.

Page 95 • Learning StrategiesPossible responses1. They plan a picnic together. 2. They plan to bring their favorite games

to the picnic. 3. They plan to make something for the

picnic.4. Ashley could see dark clouds.

Page 96 • Grammar

A.2. It’s Sarah’s backpack.3. It’s my mother and father’s car.4. It’s the Jones’ cat.

B.2. our 4. my3. his

Page 97 • Spelling1. y, day 5. a, say2. e, read; o, road 6. a, clean3. i, rain 7. a, paid4. e, leave 8. a, toastPossible response: Mom: Could you clean the table? Liz: Sure. But I have to leave!Mom: Okay. Clean the table first. And take an umbrella. It’s raining.

Page 98 • Writing1. C 3. B2. A


A.1. machine 4. sputter2. sledgehammer 5. boasted3. mighty

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B.Students should put a line through the following sentences:6. Many families use a machine to get

dressed in the morning.7. A sledgehammer is a useful tool for

fixing eyeglasses.8. Only a mighty opponent had a chance

against the last-place team.9. The boy boasted about the crushing

defeat of his favorite team.


A. B.1. display 4. display2. scenario 5. anticipate3. anticipate 6. scenario

C.Possible responses6. If I were an astronaut, I could travel to

the moon.7. I think that I will learn more about all

of my school subjects.


A. B.1. loud 6. c2. seats 7. e3. jump 8. a4. shut 9. b5. laugh 10. d

Page 102 • ComprehensionPossible responses1. John Henry could lift a sledgehammer

over his head.2. He worked for the railroad.3. The stranger brought a machine.4. He was doing something he was

good at.5. The stranger wanted to prove his

machine worked, so people would buy it.

Page 103 • Reader’s CompanionUse What You KnowPossible responses: 1. As a baby, he could raise a

sledgehammer over his head.2. He worked for the railroad.3. He worked harder than a machine.Comprehension CheckStudents should underline: “Impossible!” John Henry cried, “No machine can do more work than I can.”Reading StrategyStudents could circle: boasted, challenged, stranger, machine

Page 104 Possible responsesUse the Strategy

The words that showed what he said and what he did.Retell It!One day, when I was working hard at the railroad, a stranger came along and tried to tell me that his machine could do the work of ten men. Well, I knew that no machine could work harder than I. So, we had a contest so I could prove that I was stronger than the stranger’s machine.Reader’s ResponseI like reading stories like the one about John Henry because they are funny.

Page 105 • Learning Strategies1. The main character lives in Africa.2. The main character is very big, six feet

tall.3. The main character eats plants, leaves,

and ants.4. The main character wants to save the

gorillas.

Page 106 • Grammar2. “It’s a terrible movie,” he said, “and I

can’t recommend it.”3. “Where is the train station?” the

stranger asked.


A.1. lunch2. Should3. math4. crunchy

B.5. ch; choose6. sh; fish7. th; thank8. ch; richPossible response: I visited my rich friend. He gave me a fish. I thanked him.

Page 108 • Writing1. D 3. C2. B

Page 109 • Review

A.1. C2. Possible response: The animal

council met because it was dark for many days and they needed to figure out why.

3. friend4. C

Page 1105. C6. He didn’t realize John Henry’s strength.7. John Henry with his sledgehammer

B.8. dreaming9. C

Page 112 • Writing Workshop1. D 4. B2. A 5. C3. C

Page 115 • Test Preparation1. A 3. A2. G 4. G

Page 1161. D 3. C2. B 4. B


A. B.1. d 6. FALSE2. a 7. TRUE3. e 8. TRUE4. b 9. FALSE5. c 10. TRUE


A. B.1. eliminate 4. eliminate2. affect 5. affect3. outcome 6. outcome

C.Possible responses7. We could have a bake sale to help

raise money.8. I would like to be able to go to college

and get a good job.

Page 119 • Phonics

A.1. She can skate on ice.2. The prince danced all night.3. Who has the loudest voice in class?4. Our cat was rescued by a fireman.5. This sentence was written correctly .

B.

Soft c as in mice Hard c as in can

face fact

center cool

policy candy

Page 120 • ComprehensionPossible responses1. He planted a magic bean that grew

into a plant.2. It is a fast-growing, native plant of

China and Japan.



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3. Kudzu was brought to the United States in 1876.

4. It was a big success because people thought it looked pretty and smelled good and that it could be used to feed animals.

5. Kudzu is called a weed because it doesn’t stop growing. It covers everything and kills other plants.

Page 121 • Reader’s CompanionPossible responsesGenreStudents underline: Kudzu is a native plant of China and Japan.Comprehension Check1. It was brought to the United States

from Japan in 1876.2. Kudzu was once used to feed animals.3. It grows fast.Use What You KnowPeople wanted kudzu for many reasons.

Page 122 Possible responsesUse the StrategyKudzu is a native plant of China and Japan. It came to the United States from Japan in 1876.Retell It!I wanted this plant to feed my animals. Everyone is talking about it! But when I planted it on my farm, it wouldn’t stop growing. It killed all of my other plants and vegetables!Reader’s ResponseIt doesn’t stop growing. It kills other plants because it blocks out the sunlight.

Page 123 • Learning Strategies1. Corey James wants to be the next

Student Council president.2. He was the captain of the baseball

team. He was also vice president of his class.

3. It will be held on Tuesday, September 29th. Susanna Clemons and Arturo Diaz are also running for the same office.

Page 124 • Grammar2. Mt Everest is higher than Mt. Fuji.3. Carlos is a better student than Tina.

OR Tina is a better student than Carlos.

4. The Sun is farther away than the moon.

5. The steak is more expensive than the fish. OR The fish is more expensive than the steak.

6. The flu is worse than a cold.

Page 125 • Spelling1. great; /g/ sound

2. gold; /g/ sound3. giraffe; /d / sound4. game; /g/ sound5. glad; /g/ soundPossible responsesWe went to a basketball game Friday night. I sometimes play video games. I saw a giraffe at the zoo.

Page 126 • Writing1. C 3. D2. B


A. B.1. flatter 6. guzzled2. scampered 7. flatter3. praise 8. advice4. advice 9. praises5. guzzled 10. scampered


A. B.1. scheme 4. resourceful2. evaluate 5. evaluate3. resourceful 6. scheme

C.Possible responses6. You can read it and decide if it is too

good to be true.7. You can look up information on the

internet or ask someone for help.

Page 129 • Word Study1. incorrect 3. fix2. final

Page 130 • ComprehensionPossible responses1. Ms. Crow had a piece of cheese.2. Mr. Fox told Ms. Crow that her

feathers looked especially glossy and her eyes were as bright as glass beads.

3. Mr. Fox tricked Mr. Goat into helping him get out of the well.

4. He flattered Ms. Crow, and he tricked Mr. Goat.

5. I think that what he did was wrong because he knew what he wanted and he tricked others into giving it to him.

Page 131 • Reader’s CompanionPossible responsesUse What You Know1. The characters are usually animals.2. The fable contains a lesson.3. The characters can usually talk.Learning StrategyStudents should circle: The Fox and the Crow: came up with an idea; The Fox and the Goat: Mr. Fox saw his chance to escape.

Comprehension CheckHimself; Students should underline: Mr Fox thought to himself, That cheese looks very tasty. I must find a way to get it.

Page 132 Possible responsesUse the StrategyThe fox is similar in both passages in that he is clever and tries to trick other animals. In The Fox and the Crow, the fox wants the food that he sees. In The Fox and the Goat, he tries to trick the goat into helping him get out of the well.Retell It!There I was, minding my own business flying over the trees, when I saw a fox watching me. I could tell that he wanted the cheese that I had in my beak, but I was too smart for him. He wasn’t going to get my cheese away from me!Reader’s ResponseThe fox is bad in both stories because he tries to trick people.

Page 133 • Learning Strategies

A.1. A house and apartment are alike

because people live in them and they have lots of rooms. They are different because a house is a building for one family, and an apartment is a building for many families.

2. The Sun and the Moon are alike because they are in the sky and they are round. They are different because the Sun shines during the day and the Moon comes out at night.

B.London and Chicago are both big. They are both by water. London has a river going through it, but Chicago is next to a lake. Chicago is in the U.S., while London is in England.

Page 134 • Grammar2. It was the worst snowstorm in twenty

years. 3. Is that race car the most expensive car

in the world?4. I think it’s the best movie I’ve ever

seen!5. Mt. Everest is the highest mountain in

the world. 6. She is the most intelligent person I

know.

Page 135 • Spelling1. /kul/ tells how to pronounce the word.2. 23. to lower the temperature of something

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Possible response: An art exhibit will open soon in my town. It will show art from local artists. It has shown beautiful art in past exhibits.

Page 136 • Writing1. A 3. C2. B


A.1. purpose 4. solve2. communities 5. concerned3. waste

B.6. waste; something that is not used7. purpose; reason for doing something8. concerned; worried9. solve; find the answer10. communities; places where people live


A. B.1. restore 4. objective2. creative 5. creative3. objective 6. restoring

C.Possible responses:7. You might want to restore an old book

because it was your favorite.8. I would like to visit the location

of where the Declaration of Independence was signed.


A.1. The clown was in the show. 2. Do you know what town she lives in?3. Plow trucks come out when it snows.4. I like red and yellow flowers the best. 5. Will you throw the ball to me now?

B.

ow spells the long o sound as in grow

ow spells the vowel sound as in how

below allow

show now

throw towel

Page 140 • ComprehensionPossible responses1. The South Korean company is called

Tree Planet.2. Maya Pedal does business in

Guatemala.3. The company communicates with its

customers online.

4. They are necessary so that people can buy fresh food.

5. Maya Pedal improves lives by making electricity with bicycle power.

Page 141 • Reader’s CompanionPossible responseGenreStudents underline: Maya Pedal is a business in Guatemala. Reading StrategyStudents circle: People pedal the bicycles to power the machines.Comprehension CheckPossible responses: water pump, radio, blender, cell phone

Page 142Possible responsesUse the StrategyWhen people have access to electricity, they can use the internet. Retell It!I have a Maya Pedal bicycle in my home. We pedal the bicycle, and it powers the laundry machine. We wash our clothes, then hang them to dry.Reader’s ResponseI would like my community to solve a traffic problem. There are too many cars in the morning and evening. I would like people to use more bicycles!


A.1. A 3. B2. D 4. C

B.

Cause Effect

Mom and Dad saved money.

They could buy a new house.

The house was very old.

The house needed repairs.

My brothers planted trees.

Our yard looks like a forest.

Page 144 • Grammar

A.1. never; very 4. never2. usually 5. too3. always


Animals dolphin elephant

People Joseph nephew

Things You Learn about in English Class

alphabet paragraphs

Possible responsesAn elephant is a big animal. I saw a dolphin while I was at the ocean.

Page 146 • Writing1. B 3. D2. C

Page 147 • Review1. C2. Some tricky problems don’t have an

easy solution. They need creative thinking.

3. B4. often, always, sometimes5. campaign

Page 1486. B7. Kudzu plants have many uses.8. C9. A

Page 150 • Writing Workshop1. D 4. B2. C 5. C3. A

Page 153 • Test Preparation1. D 3. D2. H 4. G

Page 1531. B 3. A2. H 4. H


A.1. e 2. f 3. a 4. b 5. c 6. d

B.7. underground 10. native8. extreme 11. efficient9. mining 12. architecture


A. B.1. b 4. adapt2. c 5. environment3. a 6. located

C. Possible responses7. I would try to make friends and fit in.8. The environment around my house is

green and hilly.

Page 157 • Word Study1. ate, eight 4. flour, flower2. here, hear 5. new, knew3. sale, sail 6. see, sea



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Page 158 • ComprehensionPossible responses1. About 3,500 people live in Coober

Pedy, Australia.2. The weather in Coober Pedy can be

extreme, and the underground homes stay cool in summer and warm in winter.

3. Opals are native to Coober Pedy.4. The underground homes began when

the miners noticed how cool the air was inside the mines. They knew that living under the ground was cooler than living in the desert heat.

5. They spend a large part of their day living underground.

Page 159 • Reader’s CompanionUse What You KnowPossible responses1. About 3,500 people live there2. It is very hot in summer.3. People don’t need air conditioning.Reading StrategyUnderline “About 3,500 people live in Coober Pedy, Australia.” Circle “These are regular houses that look a lot like yours!”Comprehension Check“They stay cool during the hot months”

Page 160Possible responsesUse the StrategyOne fact is “About 3,500 people live in Coober Pedy, Australia.” It is a fact because it is information that can be checked to make sure it is true.Retell It!I would love if you moved to Coober Pedy! It’s such a surprise to see only trees and then realize there are homes underground! They are so great. They keep you cool on the hot, hot days. And in the winter, it stays warm! How more perfect can you get?Reader’s ResponseI would not like to live in an underground house because I would miss the sun and the sounds of the animals.

Page 161 • Learning Strategies1. O 6. F2. O 7. O3. F 8. O4. O 9. F5. F 10. F

Page 162 • Grammar2. Meet me at Turner Playground near

the Kennedy School. 3. Pedro’s English skills have really

improved since the fall. 4. Do you think your mom will let you go

to Philip’s party on Friday?

5. The Egyptian pharaohs, like Tutankhamun, were buried in the pyramids.

6. My favorite series is the Harry Potter books.

Page 163 • Spelling1. ice 6. center2. city 7. nice3. circle 8. face4. bicycle 9. ocean5. micePossible responsesI ride my bicycle to school every day.I like to go ice skating in the winter.

Page 164 • Writing1. C 3. A2. B 4. A


A. B.1. climate 6. sod2. harsh 7. record3. prairie 8. prairie4. sod 9. climate5. record 10. harsh


A. B.1. reside 4. previously2. correspond 5. reside3. Previously 6. correspond

C. Possible responses7. My house is two stories and has red

brick.8. I would like to correspond with my

best friend.

Page 167 • Phonics2. try; long i 6. sunny; long e3. baby; long e 7. cry; long i4. my; long i 8. sky; long i5. happy; long e

Page 168 • ComprehensionPossible responses1. Molly lives in Boston.2. Sarah has seen sod houses on the

prairie.3. The prairie grass is as thick as a mat.4. Molly’s home has windows. She can

see churches, museums, and stores. Sarah’s home is made out of sod. The roof can leak, there can be bugs in the walls, and the house could turn to mud.

5. I don’t think I could live in a sod house. I am like Molly. I would not like the bugs in the walls.

Page 169 • Reader’s CompanionPossible responsesUse What You Know1. Sod houses are dark and damp.2. They protect people from the climate.3. They make an excellent shelter.Reading Strategy“I have funny news!”Comprehension Check“I do not like grass or dirt. I do not want to live with bugs!”

Page 170Use the StrategyMolly tells Sarah she would not want to live in a sod house.Retell It!Dear Stephanie,I have to tell you about my new house. It’s made of grass! It protects us from the hot summer. The winters are cold too, but not in our house! It is much easier to build a sod house when you can’t buy wood or bricks. You should come visit me and see my new house.Love,SarahReader’s ResponseI would not like to live in a sod house because it is dark and damp.

Page 171 • Learning Strategies2. persuade 5. inform3. entertain 6. persuade4. inform

Page 172 • Grammar2. near / by 6. at / around3. around / at 7. under4. with / for 8. after5. with

Page 173 • Spelling2. smaller 6. greener3. longer 7. riper4. stronger 8. smarter5. nicer 9. colder

Page 174 • Writing1. B 3. C2. D


A. B.1. shelter 6. FALSE2. reindeer 7. FALSE3. igloo 8. TRUE4. seal 9. FALSE5. sled 10. TRUE

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A. B.1. considerable 4. labor2. undertake 5. undertake3. labor 6. considerable

C.Possible responses7. Math is my worst subject. It takes

considerable work from me.8. I would like to be a real estate agent.

Page 177 • Phonics1. How far is it to the store? 2. We are growing corn in the garden.3. Every March we go to the shore.4. The story was hard to read.5. The pencil is sharp and costs forty cents.6. We gave Renata a gift and a card for

her birthday. 7. Did you come by car or bus?8. They went to the park in the morning.9. I tore my shirt in the backyard.10. The pitcher’s arm was sore.

Page 178 • ComprehensionPossible responses1. The family had a fire burning for

warmth.2. tents and igloos3. seals, fish, reindeer4. They wait for fish.5. Snow and seals are available in the

area. These shelters keep the Inuit people warm.

Page 179 • Reader’s CompanionUse What You KnowPossible responses1. they used tents and igloos 2. they ate fish 3. they wore heavy coatsReading StrategyStudents should circle: Wrapped in several blankets made from reindeer skins, a young Inuit girl name Meeka opens her eyes and feels a chill on her face from the cold autumn air.Comprehension CheckStudents should underline one of the following sentences: Meeka’s mother gives her a piece of dried fish for breakfast and a cup of melted snow.

Page 180Use the StrategyPossible responseThe stone lamp was used for light and heat. Retell It!The first thing I saw in the tent was the stone lamp. It had a warm glow. There was breakfast on the table. There was a piece of fish and some hot water. Meeka took me outside to play. We sledded and watched her father fishing.

Reader’s ResponseI would not like to live in a seal-skin tent because it is too small. I like to have my own room. I also do not like fish, so I would not like to eat fish for breakfast.

Page 181 • Learning StrategiesPossible responses 1. windy, blew, danced, big, flew2. moved back and forth, shake, popped,

spilled, mess3. broken, front, loud, falling off, barn,

chickens, playhouse4. snowed, two, buried, stayed inside,

covered in ice

Page 182 • GrammarPossible responses

A. 1. has been2. have traveled3. has gone4. have spent5. have visited

B.ever; never; before; once; a few times

Page 183 • Spelling2. struc/tures 7. chal/lenge3. tree/house 8. dan/ger/ous4. gen/er/a/tions 9. ar/chi/tec/ture5. them/selves 10. back/yards6. nat/u/ralPossible response: We have lived in my house for generations. It protects us from dangerous weather. My house accommodates a large number of people, and that’s good because my family is large. And my grandparents live with us, too.

Page 184 • Writing1. D 3. A2. B 4. B

Page 185 • Review1. C 4. D2. would, wood 5. try3. F

Page 1866. A 7. Possible response: She says her

home is excellent. 8. C

Page 188 • Writing Workshop1. C 4. D2. B 5. C3. C

Page 191 • Test Preparation1. A2. A

3. D4. A

Page 1921. B2. G3. D4. G


A. B.1. C 7. mission2. A 8. surrounded3. F 9. plague4. D 10. signatures5. B 11. explorer6. E 12. astronaut


A. B.1. community 4. unique2. unique 5. achieve3. achieve 6. community

C.Possible responses7. I like the lakes and parks in my

community.8. I hope to learn how to shoot a bow

and arrow this year.9. I can play the piano very well.


A.1. Flowers need water to grow. 2. The brown cow walked slowly across

the field. 3. Show me your new house. 4. What sound does an owl make?

B.

ow as in low ow as in plow; ou as in round

below cloud

blow down

glow town

Page 196 • ComprehensionPossible responses1. There was a brass plaque on the stone.2. They read about the moon trees.3. They wanted people to sign a petition

to save the moon tree.4. They learned that the moon tree

seedlings were taken into space and then brought back to Earth. The seedlings were then planted on Earth and grew into normal trees.



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5. She helped the boys come up with a plan to save the moon tree.

Page 197 • Reader’s CompanionPossible responses Use What You Know1. the rain forest 2. pandas 3. beesComprehension CheckStudents may draw a line through “The Moon Tree Crew got hundreds of signatures.”Learning StrategyPossible response: Students should underline: ”Our moon tree needs a name. People will care more about a tree named Apollo.’’

Page 198Possible responses Use the StrategyMrs. Wu and the boys told the moon tree story to the town.Retell It!You won’t believe what Hector and I just saw in the woods. A tree that grew from a moon seed.Reader’s ResponseThey could have put on a show to tell the story of the moon tree.


Problem Solution

The park was far away.

The kids take the bus to the park.

The vacant lot is dirty.

They cleaned the lot. Or They threw away the garbage.

Something is missing in the lot/park. Or The lot/park is not very pretty. Or The kids needed plants.

The kids plant flowers and bushes in the park.

There is no place to sit.

Dad bought a picnic table and chairs.

Page 200 • Grammar2. Jake wants to be a doctor, but he

doesn’t like to study.3. The man walked into the store, and he

asked for a turkey sandwich.4. You can buy it in a store, or you can

buy it online.5. She wants to take a trip to China, and

she wants to visit Shanghai.6. He’s very busy with work, but he still

has time for his kids. 7. We can go by train, or we can go by

bus.

Page 201 • Spelling1. high 5. bright2. right 6. height3. eight 7. night4. light 8. weightPossible response: I am not eight years old. My weight is 70 pounds. My height is five feet.

Page 202 • Writing Students should fill in the information based on what they learned about writing a research report.


A. B.1. dlelthrivekdge; 1. TRUE

thrive2. triehikingonh; 2. FALSE

hiking3. sluiwthrillingc; 3. TRUE thrilling4. twivalleyesised 4. TRUE

valley5. dilztrailsjafve; 5. FALSE trails


A. B.1. b 4. route2. c 5. equipped3. a 6. motivated

C.Possible responses7. It is a good idea to plan your route

before you go someplace, so that you don’t get lost.

8. I am motivated to get my assignment finished.

9. football


A.1. Did you have a good time at school

today?2. My wool coat has a hood.3. The goose ran into the woods.4. Look at the bright moon!5. Noodles are my favorite food.6. Yesterday afternoon we baked cookies.

B.

oo as in too oo as in hook

cool book

room hook

Page 206 • ComprehensionPossible response1. Sophia’s grandfather and a young

boy were in the picture that Sophia’s father gave her.

2. Mom surprised Sophia and Dad with hot chocolate.

3. The family slept in a lodge.4. Sophia was probably too young to

remember her grandfather. 5. Rick probably felt happy. It’s

interesting to meet new people.

Page 207 • Reader’s CompanionPossible responses Use What You Know1. hiking 2. sledding 3. ice fishingComprehension CheckSophia talked to the woman at the front desk because she wanted to know who the young boy in the picture was.Reading StrategyStudents should circle sentences 1, 2, 3, or 8.

Page 208Possible responses Use the StrategyEverything was made of wood, and there was a big fire burning.Retell It!First the family hiked down the valley. Then, they stopped for snacks. Next, they went to the lodge. Finally, they went skating.Reader’s ResponseMy grandmother is special to me. She teaches me how to bake.

Page 209 • Learning StrategiesPossible responses 1. The Changs are on the beach in Cape

Cod. 2. The beaches are beautiful.3. The Changs walk on the beach. They

find a lost cat.4. Jimmy sees the cat’s tag. Mrs. Chang

calls Filbert’s owners. 5. Filbert runs to his owners. The man

thanks the Changs.

Page 210 • Grammar

A. 2. were playing; was practicing3. were looking4. was not watching/wasn’t watching5. was working

B. 1. What were you doing when I called?2. What were the students doing when

the teacher arrived?

Page 211 • Spelling1. a. right, b. write 3. a. be, b. bee2. a. sun, b. son

Page 212 • WritingStudents should fill in the charts with information from their research reports.

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A. B.1. trade 6. currencies2. currency 7. worth3. worth 8. trade4. bartered 9. rulers5. rulers 10. bartered


A. B.1. cooperate 4. cooperate2. tradition 5. initial3. initial 6. tradition

C.Possible responses7. Yes. My family plays games together

every Friday night.8. The first time I got stung by a bee, my

face swelled up.

Page 215 • Word Study2. rupt 6. scope3. flex 7. gram4. geo 8. vac5. mar

Page 216 • ComprehensionPossible responses1. animals2. people in China3. around a.c.e. 9004. We get money from machines and we

use credit cards to pay for things we buy online.

5. Metals were more durable than shells and could be made the same size.

Page 217 • Reader’s CompanionUse What You Know Possible responses1. People first used animals as money,

but they were difficult to transport.2. People started using shells instead of

animals because shells were easier to carry around.

3. Eventually metals were made into coins of different values.

Comprehension CheckStudents should underline: In North America, Native Americans and Europeans used shells until the 1800s.Learning StrategyStudents should circle: But people wanted money that was easier to carry. That’s why early cultures around the world used shells as currency.

Page 218 Use the StrategyPossible responseAt first, people were using animals as money. Then, they used the fruits and

vegetables that they grew. People wanted money that was easier to transport, so they started using shells.Retell It!When I first opened my store, people would pay for things with animals or with the crops they grew on their farms. When they started using shells, I had much more room in my store because the shells were smaller and easier to carry. Later, metal coins became the standard currency.Reader’s ResponseI think people will still use coins and paper money because many people are concerned about the security of buying things online.

Page 219 • Learning StrategiesPossible responses1. The poem is about pioneers.2. They traveled long ago. They traveled

west on horses and wagons.3. They went west. They went across the

plains and over the hills.4. They did it long ago.5. They went in search of land.

Page 220 • Grammar2. so3. so that4. so5. Because6. because7. so that8. so


A.1. page 4. huge2. cages 5. bridge3. orange 6. garage

B.Possible response: I once visited a huge park in Canada. We had to cross a bridge to get there.

Page 222 • WritingStudents should fill in the charts with information from their research paper.

Page 223 • Review1. D2. C3. Possible response: Hector and Stuart

want to save the Moon Tree.4. D

Page 2245. “Today was a great day,” my Mom

said. “Now let’s all get some sleep.”6. wood7. A8. everything9. A

Page 226 • Writing Workshop1. B 4. A2. D 5. C3. A

Pages 229 • Test Preparation1. D2. G3. C4. J

Page 2301. D2. G3. D4. F



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