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Answer Key for Workbook for Anatomy and Physiology for Emergency Care 2/e
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Arrrswrn Kry
Chapter 1 2. aoffcci !ns$'crs m.r includc rhc follo\'!rs:Homcostasis refers t, a stable internalenvlrodnert in\ide ihe bodi. The boJy *rlldodif," ph!lologi. slsrens o helt naintaDhomeosrisis. ti dre remperaftlre begins ro fall. theblood ilo$ ro rhc sknr and cxrrcDr(ics d.cr.ds.s.Ir.r'J,tl Idd.rv '.,1 o Lal .*.. lt|
'lrcit( rsc does nor cause dre inrcrnll r.nrperaru.co rise. the skeletal muscle rvrll begrn to shiver r,heh in.fta* rhe corr bod' tnferarure. oi.e thenrrernal cor€ ienp.raturc b.Bins ro r6e, th. mus.lcsrofs g$cr!ring hclt rhrough shiv..ing, rlrc trloodflow ro rhc skin dnd cxrrcmiri.s lrcrcascs. and*!ear sland acrivirv rcrufli\ lo nom!1.
,1. The l0 vear oll iemale patient has suellng on e
lateral side of her right ankle rvith *velling ak,fourd or the ned1.l side oi rhe rishi loNer lesrroximdl io rbc dnkl..
Chapter 2
MULT]PLE CHOICE
l B 3.C2.C .{_ C
F LL IN THE BLANK
l. \leraboli$ 7. lYmphlrjc2. l'afiolos-! or 8. rlveoli
pafiologic!lphlsiolog! 9. hom()na\n3. (ll fhtsnnost 10. thoraci.,L alr,{ .\. I L-i"l B- .l..lo n ,opf .(
5.n 7.B 9. (l6.D 8.c 10. B
C 10. GH 11. EL 12. K
10.ll.12.
7.8.9.
TRUE/FAL5E1. fllse -1. True2. I:rlse 5. ft!.L l;uc 6. Ialsc
LABELlNG EXERC]SE 1 ]
LA 7. lt t3.2.c 8.U t:t.3.D 9.L 15.,t. K 10. ! 16.5.\ 11_R 17.(j. () 12. | 18.
LABELING EXERC 5E 1 2l U .{. D 7.2.f 5. \I 8.l.r 6.J 9.
LABELNGEXERCS€13l. <a at L .1. ll2. l) orl 5. K3.H 6.A
LABEL NG EXERC 5E 1 41. tJ 3.C 5.2.D .1. C 6.
IARFI NC FXFR' SF 1 5
7. True 10. t.lsc
v 20. cH 21. Il, 22. ZY 23. JI 2,1. nB
I(a ./ llL
25. X25. aC27. O28. Dn29. S
t0. \(
D0rf
9,H
MULT PLE CHOICE
I C .{. C2. (: 5. (:3.B 6. (l
F LL IN THE BLANK
7PH
MATCHING
I H 3.F2.D .1. C
7.8 10. B 13. C8. B 11. B 1.1. (l9.C 1:. c 15. A
10.11,12.
13.1.{.15.
5.4 7. 1 9.B5.C 8.t 10. I
I 7.Ff. 8. r\
f. 8. (l
SHORT AN5WER
1. Anrn)my i\ rhe stuJv of ihe ntcrDl ard cxrcrn!lrru.tuies ard rhc phrsicrl rclarionslip Lrclllc.rbodr organs or s.tsrcnrs. Inrton! ean be studieJbrordh rr rhc grosr a.itunrt lcvcl, or lo.allr canbc diridcd in() resnrulor \]stemi. anaton\. hchlcvcl l{x)ls ar the rh'si..l stru.ture oi rh. orr.nanJ,ts relanorship io oth.r orsars \rrihn r1*sane s)sr.!r or diflcr.nr srsrcDs.
l :r"." r' . " r' l. r' l,\,, - r.,,.1pcrform thcir vnal functrns. Human physn,[,6y ,'thc stuJy ofthe functnn ofthe human b.d\.lhv'io|rgy can be brcko Jo$r ntro lrore spccificr.ea\ ofphvlolos,c funciiors to mcl'd. c.llth\rologv or cr.r c.rdiolascular phvsblo'rr
LABEL NG EXERC 5E 2 ]
1. lr 2.,\ l.c
LABEL NG EXERCISE 2 2
1. D,lo/1 ;1. A,C.o/ll 7. LatL2. D,t,o/1 5. A,C,o/H 8. A.ai,orH3. B 6. C./E 9. D,f.d/I
SHORT ANSWER
l. HrJn)lr\i\ reactions nrilize a large nrlecule anJ*iter Ihdrol'!\ 1s i.hem..lproces\ m $h,ch.r.j..,...\,^l ' '^ { | .11 rl .ll,rr{ofa lrol.cul. oiwarci ln rhc prc.ss ofrhcrclcrion, rlrc componcrrs oi rh. {dr.i1H + OH) arc adlcd ro rhc brok.n c.ds oriragmen* of the rcr*nn.
215
z.
l.
5.
conLlen\ifum or dehvdr.rion rcactions !rcrhe nrbitior oi r complcx molcculc br rhc
'Ih. four cla$cs of orsanic com|(rnds arecerbo|-vdrarcs, lipid5, prctcins. r.d nu.leic aciJs.
!:ar|]ohyJrrter are organrc noleculescon,prise.l of.arbon. hvdrog.n. drd ox-!9.n.sns,r\ an{l star.hcs are e\anpl.s of
I iplds arc also comprned of carbon,h.rdrogcn, rnd orvgen. The b,s differerce bet\r.crl fl I' ,r I. r'- \'Jrrr' r. rl .r ,p d dn rrdd' 'r,oi les\ oxi se! .nd may nrcludc phostihorus,ntr()sen, or \uLfur Lipids srorc morc rha. r\riccile rlrounr of cncigr or calorier dunc.rbohrdrsrcs. Er!mples (,f hpids are fatt' a.ds,ten,i,1s. anJ phospholipids.
P.ore'ns aft the rnosr.b!rddnr of!ll ors!nlcco pourds. l hcr..rc roushlt .10(1,000 .liffercnrklrds ofrrcrcin\ nr nre bo.li! but exanples rncludchcmoslobn, kcratin. n,voglobin. anrlerzynes.
Nuclric,cids store iDd ptuces g.r.flcinnnmrtUn ar thr nolecular lcvcl. thc firoelasses of nuclerc ac s arc dco-\r-ribonuclcic acid1DN,\) and ribonucl.ic dcid lRNr\). DNAdcrcnnincs our inherired charicternnc\. RNAcomcs in nnre than one 1{,.m ard is re\pons1bl.nr nrrnnta.turmF prore!rs.Both DN,{ dd ItN,\ drc compo5cd oi rctcati.snntr\ oi rucleondes. Each rnrcl.otidc consisrs ot asugar, a phosph.r.j a.d !rit()sen()us brr. Thesugdr in DN'\ i\ tlco\rrib(xe. Thr sugl nt R\Ais libosc, drc 5rme as deo\vribos€ but $ith onemofe oH ((xysen h)droser..om conbin.rionrilled i hldioxrl sroup). Anothcr differenctbet\Lee! rh. iwo is l)Nl is thc oflr nu.lei. a.iJrh.r uriliz.s rhvnrinc as a nnfugenous ba*. rhrleRN,\ uiili,er uracil. RN,{ ilso difiers b.caus. ofrlr mlcb srearr rarietr of nu.le,c rcid b.sesavrilable to nake the numeious protclrs tlur !rc
\ l,.r'tt'. lolrlr..u'|{,,.. 1 Ln l
whjch is nuclcoride,denosine n.nopho\phrte,rvhieh is r comhinatror of \urar..d.n!ic. dnd d
phosphate. The other cornfororrs Nrc t\roph()\phar groufs- Ih. gir'ircsr rnrNnr ol cner8ri\ held u th. bond bctll.cr tft seconrland thrrd
Nonnilh. r\TP is conti.n(rslv generated in ctlls.whor litrlc n) no ATI b r\a,l.ble, .un.rous ccllfunerions. inclLrrling nuscle corr..tion and\\nthei\ oi piot.!rs. crn.or occui
Chapter 3
M U LTIPLE CHO CE
1. (: ,{. D2. D 5. ,\
11. nucleus 1,1. ftraph.s.12. trans.liptn,n 15. ndllgr.nr
LABEL NG EXERCISE ] I
I,IATCH NG
l.H 3.C2.B 4,A
1 G2.43. I)
1 tl2.P.1, F4,K
5. I6.n
1. I 7.K5. H 8. Eoll6.B 9.C
10. R11. I12. S
10. I
10. 1:
11. lol1
17. <"
18. N19. C
5. t)5. i\I
8.Q
7.G8. .l
13. F1'1. B1s. J16. L
LABEL NG EXERCISE 3 2
13. n1,1. (l15. C
1. t)2.B
L
+.
LABELING EXERCISE 3.33.G 5.C 7.f
3. Ll 6, ll
10.23
SHORT ANSWER
1. The firsr furcoon of th. ccll mcnrtrfane i\ thlsi.lli\ol.tion. The ncDbr.fc frcridcs a baderbcNccn lhc n,side and outside oidle cell. wtrhourdris barier, muscles could rot corrracr aDdneurons $1 d nor be rbte ro conduct nformaru,fon the brrm to the bodr lhis bdrricr orif .''or, -.rr ro-.'a, \'_' I
The n'.ord iLrncrio! ls (hc resularion oicxchrngc $iil, rhr envifunment. The.ellmemhrane helps control rvhit so.s nridc.n(
Thc ihlrd f!ncrion is \cnsirlvirl The.ellnmtftnc has rcecltos that enable the cell orccognizc and rcspond ro speciiic molecJ* h rts
lh.l,. I-rn-u. n itl,e*lL . trt u, r.\tru.tural supporr. Sp.cializcL] conncctionsbe.\eer ccll !r.!rbr.n.s. or bcr$ecn n,cmbr!,r\and crrraccllular n,lrerials. sive nssue\ a stable
2. o!n(^i\ i\ the movenent oi rvrtt'r fron an rrcr oll.^! nnute coNenrr.ro! ro.n dr.d of hish {ture.orccrir.rlon. Virrcr c!n.asi1.r pas from one sirleof. de!rbr.!. ro rhc od,ci Ir Q\es Nhere {)LureorfJn.\ i ..r r, .re i' r r.wlrer.rn ft)vc t() !hange the concent.rlon onhtrh \ides of the rtenb.inr.
Difi$ion 6 drc movcmcrr ol {lur. orprnclcs from rn rfc! of high eoncencaror rc ar.r.. of low coilcnnirhn. This ft!nnes ro {Ert)slrcnr bv drc eells for thir to o..ur Ar e{.mplc ofrliffusn,n srnld be how oxrsor.nd c.rbonJ,,. J. ,, -\.l..re.Jl.r\.-.r,\' I' o. ,lr'.ipillaies h th. hnss.A solLrrion rhar conrll.s 4.5 percent nornrlsrlreis corsidcrcd bv|tronic. The nordalonsoto!icconcentrrtbn ofnornal lalnre is 0.9 p.rccnr.s,n.e 4.i Frcenr hds. grc.rcr roricirt o. o\Rtri!pie$ure. flud s pullcd fron rbc ccll, which.rur\the cell ro shrink !r sizc. Thc orher term nr thr s
l-lAA is onc of rhr rlrfee st(,p eoJons recogniz<1durins n,n\latn)n i. stop the surlNis of rh.
7, t) I0. r\8. C 11. (l9. A 12. (l
FILL ]N THE BLANK
;1. Ciolgiaftrfrtu\
O:l0S l'.r,er ECn.rro. ln(,\,,r a n,' a- | l\ tu la 9 | at E,t( | !216 ANAToMY & PHYsroLocY FOR EMERGENCY CARE
prorin. The other n\o stop codons are UGA andUA(1. when elther one of the three siop codonsere presenred bv ihe transfc li\A (tltNA), fi.proccss of trdDslarion for rhar prorcin is sroppcdard th. prorcn is rransfcrrcd ro rhc Colgiappd.rrus f(r furrhcr packasin'j.
5. DNA cchnoksy has alreadf flayed an intortant.,,t, , n J.rr.. r\.1 ...rf.r..f.-r,rr.r\lnsulln for di,bcric p.iicnrs or rhc dc!.lopmcnr ofclor Lrusring anri strcke drugs like Activase hasrk.ddy nradc ! hugc inrprcr i. plrirnt !are.Funher technologr mav even learl us t,infornanon nrerlerl o rlevelop new and betterdrugs rvith ferver arlvene ride eflects *hich willdikr rhe druss s.fer.nd e.nei ro usc.
Chapter 4
cfril.8e is conprised of.hondro.rtcs iln]fourd lvtrhin the l.cunae of ihe nafix \trhin rhecanil.s.. Cdirilasc is morc sehrlnous thar boneand is avascular Thcrc arc no blood vcsscls wlrhlrrhe clrsule or strucrurc of rhc cartilasc. Tlis lackof blood $ttlv limirs rrfli. cafabilirics of rhc
Chapter 5
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. 1l 4. Il 7.2.B 5.8 8.3. (: 6.D 9.
FILL IN THE BLANK
l- simtLe epithrlium,1. S,nfle cuboi.hl5. Iseudo(ratiftr'd
colunmr rrlthehrl6. sii,rificd qu.mous
c 10. c 13. BB 11. D 1'1. (lA 12. (i 15. D
7.4 9.H8. 1 10. i
IVULTIPLE CHOICE
1.D .1. C2.C 5. ts
l.D 6.CFILL N THE BLANK
2. cdror.nc, mclanin
,1. basalcellcarcinomr
6. l'etechiae or Pnrfurall. Bilirubin
o 13. KH 1:1. (.
Q 15. rt 16. N
MATCHING
1.4 3.2. l: 1.
7.4 10. c 13. C8. D 11. tj 1:1. LJ
9. C 72. <a 15. u
A 5. lt 7. I 9. (;1: 6.D E. 1 10. H
9.10.:t l.72.13.74.15.
N/ATCI.] ING
l.c LB 5.r2. I) .G 6.r
LABELING EXERCISE 5-1
1. I) 5.t 9.2. 1 {t. \f 10-l. 1l 7. !. 11..1. G 8. .l 12.
LABELING EXERCISE 5-21. (: 3. E 5.2. lj ,{. (; 6.
LABELING EXERCISE 5 3
t.c .{. L 7.2.H 5. B 8.3.E 6.J 9.
LABELNGEXERCISE4ll.c 5. t! 9.2. r. 6. J r0.3. I 7.G 11..1. N 8. () 12.
IABFI NG FXFR' SF 4 '
L
H
13. K1,+. l.15. P16. n
9.n
11. t
I 8,H
K 10. 11(; 11. nA 12. I
1.B 2.D 3.E .1. C 5.A5HORT ANSWER
1. \lacroplragc5 art iounJ $irhin dre maki\ ot thec(nme.tivetisnr. Ila.r)phiges thago.\tiz€Ja .Bed cells oi parhoscrs thar .nrcr rh. r6suc.Il..ropher.s car r.lcrs. chcmicrls rhrr aftr..raddirloul D!erophdscs tu thc ar.a. Thi\ hrlfsmobilize the immune sv*rm r, rlefenrl rgain* a
firlrcsrr or iorrisn sub{r.ce.2. Du.ing .apiJ de(clerarion bhnt irauna, {,.h rs r
r'. \.1 .. ...',, . 1 . J. , , .1, '8
po ro, o'drr aortr.ononues ro move fo^rard rftcr thcvchiclc srops. Thls cdn carsc tlc ligrnentun,rncriosum to tear thugh a secton of the aorta.rvhich eausts nrassive hlor,.l lo$ and. in n^r
3. llone is .onpris.d of mosrlr calcnun coDpoundsrnd flcxiblc colhscn iibcrs. Th. borc ecll\or osrcocvir\ arc found sirhn rhc hcund. o'rhc bofc !.J retivc bl(r)J for repair anrl
lhnr"tt i 1'rf\!1.r-tn L"'?tsEr^ tirt, )d !1.
SHORT ANSWER
l. A frcdcrcnnincd lnrou,rr of ! nclic!rion is rn.c.dlrro a rrnsd.flndl .lhcssc p.rch. Thcs. drrssmnst be liri{l soluhle in ofJcr io p.n.rrirc rbcsk,n. Alteirhtivel)! the Ll.ug can be mixerl s,ith rnn\rnt thit i\ h,ghlr lir,.l tohrble. The resultantnixrLrrc ls.bsorbcd thoush the skn. The p.tch i\applictl to $c skir, and rhc,lnrs is slo$t.rabsorbcJ. Orcc tbe drus has fcrcrrdr.{l rh. cdlmemb.ane\ in rhc rf.rr, .o,,!!n and cfrcrs rhcurderlvns ti\sues. tr b rh\orbed rnto the
2. A n'.ord-desree bun is .l\o.rlled r pdtirlrhilkncss trun. Th. clinl.rnrjs is burn.d ihroughanrl thc dcnris is Llaoagctl. l hcrc js usu.llvintenr fiin and blisk.ins. The bli{er Jerelop aspl.vnr dd nrternitiilfl ds r.e reler'ed int(, theskin.nd clcl|ic rhc rop l.\'cr Ar cxrDrn. oI.sccond'dcrrcc Lnrr! is. scal&rr Lnrn fronl
l. Skin c.n.er lfe d,e Dor con,nxn, krnr ot crnc.irnd nrer incturle tusrl ftlt etrr!inoma. squinro!s.ell.I.nonri, dd ehrohr.
A|!u'd Key 217
Thc mosr corDor skin canc.. is basilc.ll c.rclronu, which originales in lhe 5rratumgcrminalivum lbaull laler. I-e* tommonis sguamous cellcercinona. rvhi.h $ oh,esmore superiicial layen oi efidernil cells.\letarais seldon o.curs 1n .1ih.r c.rccr,.nd lrosr p.oplc survivc rhcsc canccrs.Ihc !sual rrcanncri lNolvcs surgieal renovaloi dr. tunror The tuxt conrtu)n.ause o1
skin can.er,s rrlosure to UV r.diarion fron
\lelanomas.rc cxrr.mdy d!ngcrous. An.lanonra uNallv trcsins from a mole but n,r.ppc.r .n-lrvhcrc if rhc bod!: Clnccrcusnrchnocyre5 g(^! .rpidlf and neri\tasize ihroughrhe lfnphaoc \)sten. The ouilook ior lons-t.rNsur\r..ld.p.!ds on whcn rhc condirion isd.t.ctr'd and ffcdr.d. i\oi.1ing .rfosur€ ro tryrudiation i. \unlisht (esrecially rluring the oidJleof rhc d.r) and usins r sui ock (noi r ramnsoi1) uuld largely prevert rll thre forms
1. \\'hrn si!D!ldtcd, rhc atrccror pili m!sck purrs onth. foll1cl., iorcins rhc halr to slinJ up.Co.(.rerio. n,!y b€ crurd bl ctu)tn)naliare\1{ch rs ieir or rrser or a ftsporse to cold, \!h1chp(ft,.es "goose bumps. '
'...J\ r.,.,l ''\ |-'u I
iollo$!rg: protccrion, temt..arure inrintn!n.e,svnrhcsis.nd si.r.s. of nrnricnrs. 5en(nrcccf rior, and ex.reti()nAecrenon th(rgh'nregumenrart
grinds.
Chapter 6
MULTIPLE CHOICE
t.c 7. (l
LABELING EXERCISE 6-21.F 3.H 5.J 7.2.B .1. D 6.A E.
LABELIN6 EXERCISE 6-31. I-./ O 8. U2.Q 9.H:1. c 10. L)1. I 11. \(5. G r2. ,L6.5 13. R7. O o/I- 1,1. \1
LABELING EXERCISE 6 4
l.L 6. 1 77.2. N 7. r: 12.3. 1 8. T 1:1.
LABELING EXERCLSE 6 ]
1.c ,|J 7.t 10. tl2.K 5.C 8.D 11. H3.E 5.A 9.F
I 9.CE 10. ai
15. Y16. K17. E18. X19. I'20. B21. v
t 16.r; 17.
5 19.
Q 20.
li 16.I 17.T 18.o 19.L
22. I23. T2:1. N25. F
v 20. (iA 21. (lR 22. K-\1
ar 10. l 1l_ IO 11. :- 1,,1. Ht_ 12. f 15. D
?1. K
5.D
IoD\1
K 13. n,\ 1.1. I(l o/ \l 15. Ct
10. E11. K
3.88. (l9.B
13. (l1.1. c15. C16. L17. B18. (:
19. D20. Ll
21. c22. C23. t)21. B
25. ll26. c27. l\28. D29. B30. (l
,1.H 9.G 1'1.5.E 10. R 15.
LABELING EXERCISE 6 5
1.L 6.H 11.2.N 7.S 12.-1. D E.B 13.1. 1 9.[ 1,1.
5.P 10. Q ls.
LABEL!NG EXERCISE 6 5l.B 2.F 3.
LABELING EXERCISE 6 71.t 3.D 5.2. B ,1. ,\ 5.
LABEL]NG EXERCISE 5-81. F. 3.F 5.2. A ,1. 11 5.
LABEL NG EXERCISE 5-91.G 4. 1 7.2.tJ 5.K 8.3. I 6. l\I 9.
LABELING EXERCISE 6 ]O
1.E 3. I: 5.2.A .+. B 6.
LABEL NG EXERCISE 6 1]
at
(; 7.Hc 8. L)
G 7.H 9. 1
ar 8.D
I.E 3.F 5. (; 7. tl2.A .1. B 6. (l 8. t)
IDJ
,1. D 10. C5. ar 11. Il6. C 12. Il
FILL IN THE BLANK
12. max,lhrv h..es11. 12
l)
iliun,, isrhinm, rnbi\
hnrgc
15.
't7.
18.
20.21.22.23.21.t5.
LABEL NG EXERCISE 6 12
MATCHING
1. (;2.L
Croup B
t. I.2. (:
r.J2.H3.FLL
s.ts 9.6. N t0.7. (; ./ lI 11.8. O lZ.
LABEL NG EXERCISE 6 13
1. r. .1. B 7.2.4 5.H 8.3.C 6.c 9.
,h,rrnr 3|'h\!rlig] l E"rrydqC.,? )nt1tl
3.J 5.4 7.r 9. Il;t. D 6.H 8. I 10.,\
l.H 5. Ii 7.D 9.J,,1. (; 6. B 8. A 10. I
218 ANAToT'IY & PH\5rolocY FOR EMERGE^"CY CARE
SHORT ANSWER
1. A rcndon is a blnJ oftough, inelastic fibe* thatconnecr mus.le t() bonr. Ligaments.re a stuet orband oft.,ush, fibrous rtrsue thrr conrccr boncsor.rrtilas€s t., anoiher bone er. jolu.
2. The five fulctlons of rhc skclcrdl srsrcnr arestr!cfttr!l suliporr: 5rorasc ofcalcium and lipid\;blood cc11 productrcn: pn,tectn)n oiviral organ\;and leverage in connectio,r wuh nuscle.
3. The fod iypes of bon.s arc fic lons boncs lc.s.,fenur, hunerus)j shorr boncs tc.g., cdrpalandtarsal boncs)r flar boncs (c.S.. parirral bone5 oi the.l rl . .a1ul.'.. il* : rrJ r'' -:l r c r. ,. ...vcrtcbrae of the spinal column).
,1. The cpiphvseal plate is the gro$th plrte oi drebon€. Th,s plit is nrde ofcartil.s.. lh.lcnrrhoi ihc sh.fr oi rhc bonc conrinues ro srow withn.\r carrildgc.s rhc oldcr Qftillse is retlaced$idr borc. Dlmase n) thir f.o.ess.onld affe.t thefuture grrvth ofthe bone. l'ricrures through the
r,'n' ,l r'r _l- ,. \ |(, a,,.rr, ..1., .ifs,.al ,ntenenno!-
5. Ihe four stcps of bonc intli.v afd rcrair arc thc
Step 1: Besms with the fr.cmrc or damagc to thc bonc.rlood vcss.ls drc Lrrckcn anJ bleedlng occurs rndrc a... of rh. iniurr: Thus. hck of blrnrl supplvlc!(ls to one orreocrk death.
Stcp 2: ccll\ r'ithin the rerx,\teun rnd endo$eumbt':in r, un.lergo n:t{rx. The\e daughter.ellsm,srite t., drr arer of injurv rnd ntcrDldndexter.al rhickcnins lcdllus) or rh. borc oceur\.
srep 3: Osr.oblasrs rclildcc rl,c corr.rlcarrihseporrion oflhe calius \ytrh spongy bone. The endsof the iratmre can no* xiihsi.rd loimal (resscstrcm murcle contra.nors.
siep .l: RedoJrlins of tlt sporrr borc ar rh. fracrurc
"ite.oniinues for a r.riod of fo!r monrh\ tu \r'cll
over. r.ii Whcn rcnod.lirg ofrlrc trorc i\conrrn.rc, thc clllus will be gone anJ 1n ing.ompr.r b.ne rvillrenrain. The o ) $.l io rell.frrcnre sas erer there rs the bore !ra) b. slirhd-vd!.ker.t rlF fractur. s1rc.
Chapter 7
l 9. r)B 10. I
5.c 7.D 9.E5.H 8. I
MATCHING
Group A1.H2. F.
Group B
1. (l2. L)
13. oritin scNnrcmbr!no s
18. snaller ir dianreref
20. loln,
?5. V 31. l26. O 31. Z27. GG 15. R28. L 36. N29. ltr 37. X30. (; 38. T31. Ca 39. C-12. W
19. L 25.20. D 26.21. X 27.22. (l 28.21. (; 29.21. Z
3.C:1. G
3. 14.H
-5. I
5.J i 9. (;ll 10. t
7.8.
7.8.
LABEL NG EXERCISE 7-1
1.A 3.B2. I ,1. C
LABEL NG EXERCISE 7 2l. f. -1. r\ 5.2.f ,1. B 6.
IABFI ING FXFR'ISF 7 I1. llB2.S3. DT)
5.Q
8.K
9. ll 17.10. D 18.lt. t\Il\J 19.12. U 20.13. lt 21.14. KK 22.15. 11 23.t6. HH 2,1.
I
Cu
DC
I
PLL
II
cc
TJ
LABEL NG EXERCISE 7 41. K 7. 'l 13.2. \{ 8. N 1.1.
3.r 9.V 15.LR 10. F 15.5. I lt. BB 17.6.8 12. H 18.
SHORT ANSWER
MULTIPLE CHO CE
l.c 8.ts 15. c2.A 9.D 16. Cl.B 10. D t7. B
't. A 11. D 18. t)5.c 12. A 19. C6.B 13. C 20. ts
7. A 1.1. B 21. nORDERING EXERCISE
1.c 3.D 5. fl2.L :1. A 6. f
EIL,N_]IEEIANK
l. srr.ofla\n!cretlcuLun
6. l{hrbdom.volrsis
O1003 ler6onlJrrioi, rn..
t. Thc three t)pcs of lnrcl. rlsnr .r. sk.l.ral,smoorh .nd c.rdi!c.
Sk.lcr.l nNsclc tr ! nnrlr!!ucl.!rcd,rolurtrrr nnsclc thrt ls striatcLl. Eramplcs oi
a. nnvement oi the rktlet,nb. m.,nrih po$ure rnd fosiinnrc. nrploi! so( flsucsd. mdlranr bodr rcDpcr!rurcc. rnlrarles and raits lcr.ir!le otenn,gs t()
diseri!e rnd u.inrrf ric$)Snooth nuscle is a single nrcleaterl,
,nrohntarr nu\.le .rll thrt is n.nstn.rd. li bio!.d wlihu .lnosr .vcn orsr! i! rlN bod\rtr.mplcs of rlF f!n.riors lrcludc:a. m.inrii. orsan slzc arJ Jinrcn\io.b. reg ate hrmen rlian*er
d. rhvdlni. p.rit.ftic mo!.n.ntCardi.c nnrsclc hds sonc !ririburcs oi
smoorh nms.lc and somc of skclcr.l nrusclc.Ca(lidc nru5elc is sifslc nuclcar<l,5tfi!rc.l Duscl.bur i! inlolunhrt: (:rr.li.. mur.le b thc onlym r.l. r.rth nL .-L . I I -'. lh * Jr-'.,11,
22. D 29. D23. c :10. (l2.1. A 31. D25. D 32. Il26. B 31. ll27. D l:1. B28. c 35. (l
7. I8. Il
9. <-;
A\,trn, c PhJrt,'p 11t 1 ,x\.","j ('re. 2"t1 .d. Ann,er Key 219
2.
-1.
.t.
{or an impulse to travellroh nuscle ceil to mus.l.., ,, |.t,,.l. Ib.'a,/(Jf'\,'{.|'.,np. o'rl
r. .ortracrion of rhc.nid and vcntriclcs of the
b. !ulrrain rhrthmic acriyity of dre heartc. eonrract t<) rr)vide ihe.arJ,a. output needed
r, periuse the bodyArproiriteh six hours.iicr d.arh (rbc rim. varicsdcpoidjng on orvircnnrcrtrl nmterrtuc), rhe..rl,r.l-'r*lc.h..J,1 J.Ll rn. ' 'a:1"^rrd r\TIJ nDle.ules. Uh\te f()Jucts, fnnarilfmetrbolic acrrls, accunulrte. Aiier t]t Al'P is gor.,rhe \rrcophsm,. rehculn camofiemove .ilciun]x,n\ fron ihr s.rcoplasm. lhcr. nvosin iitrcrscrmor scpararc ironr lcrin fibc6. and risor mortis,which s. suslaincd con$r.rn)n, \ets nr. The snullernuseles. usually those ofthe la$! iie riiecred ii6r.Eventualh, ihe dune bodr is dficcrcd.Ilulh,l2 14 hods hter hsosom,l cr-lncs from rhcnuscle c.iis br.ak down rhc conrracrcdmlofil.rncnrs, a.d drc muscler rch\.Thc nine sreps fu skeletalmu{le corfa.tion ere
a. The tn!rlofrhe ictiotr pot.nridl.r rh.srn.tti. idlrnr.l. this 6 rhc inrpukc rhdrniadc us wav for dre thalamus dorvn thrcrrniosrcrrl or eiferent pethwry.
b. Tfc rceryleholine that,s releasrJ fron tlrrveqcles releases iron the rnotor"erd platc ofthe neuro! luo ih. srn.pric cl.fr.
,. ll . .'.-.1.' l, - b, r' ro -. .,pr' . to | . rrhc s.rcolcnrnu. this changts the
r,' rq,|,.,,r l-. rr.F.r r..,.J' ' .r..ls the q ium enters the sar.olenn., thisp()dn.es dre..tn r pot.nri|lnr drc
d. Ihe icilo! por.nri.lsprcrds or.r rh. cnrircsurfacc of tirc sarcolcnmr. rvhich carses nres!rcotlluic .eri.ulun t() releise,t\ o$n
e. The cal.iud,oN bnd to rhc ffoponlrcornplcx sucs iounLl or thc rciin iillmrnir-Th6 rcDovcs thc r.opnrrosi., $hich keeDrh. rcrin ind nrlosin separated.
t The nrosin crxr bndge form!.rd .ftachcs. l r1, , J ., \ . ^. '
r\. ., , ur 'l , l
s. The.ii.chcd mrosin h.rd pivots toward the.e.r.r of thc sarcon,.rc rnl rb. ]\Irl indphospharc srrup rk relerseJ frod the s,te.Thrs rs $metiner calhd a r.tch.tins of rhcherd, $h,(h .ru\es tlrr d.tnr !r.i Nrosnrfihmeots to sltc ov.r .dch odrcr or contact.'this sr.p rcquircs cncryj.v rlr
'as strred in
rh. mrosnr nrolcculc. This prrress is crllerl thesltling f ilancrt dreorr.
h. The cn;ss bLidges detach \rhe! th. !r1 oslihd{l b,nds an.ther ATI'mol.cul.. lhtr isco.sid.rcd rcl.xario. of rbe n,uselc.
i. lhc dcrdchcJ mvosin her.l is rcr.tivated as,tfl'r. r' \ l ' J . ,cr ,, r r., .,s rl.l l
rhe phos;hate honr1.\1vr{henia gfuvi\ n d durolnrNn. dncascrhrraerrizerl b1 nuscle w..k..ss.nd farisu..Antibodrs .g.!br .ccNlchollD c rcccptu$ in,tai.rlr f!rcrion of drt frrefe,. anLl rrevent
.ccrrlcholinc fron, bindins n) ir. The \isns andsrmproms rrfiQllv begin sith *cakness in the eyemuscles anrl drx,ping eyel,ds. I'acirlnuscles alsobecone \yrakered. Dlfficulties swdllowins or cvcnholdins uf the head Ie possibLe si$s of rhcdbe.se. Tr€.nneri is b.s.d on usiis druss rhar$ill nrhibir rhc cn?-rme that brcaks Jorvnaccrylcholinc ar rbc neunnnuscul,r juncrn)n.I r. l r , r *. ,sr r, .',..1
' s,l 'r,.'l bl.holinesterise, \rhich willircrcasc thc amount ofa.e$lchollre ir thc n.uromuscular juncrior ard.llow for musclc cortraction.
5. Tcranus is caused br a b adetia (:kt ttidnln ktdri.This bacreria can be found drodd rusr!.ails.nd0Ll netal- {:ktrtridn! btari can onh hve nr tlsu.!th .ortiln !er) low oxlscn lcrds. D..ppJ,,r.,r'{." rr rrc p . '\'. 11. ..:rc 1Lc (". r', r1.,...
' t,a\ fllr' \ -that ruprrcse\ the fte.hannn thai regrlates motorneubn i.1nity. Ths cdurs sustaincd, porvcrfulc(,ntra.ti.nof \kelet.l muscl.sihrourhour rlrcbody.Ilost collnor c.rh comphi,ns of rclrnu5.rc hcddachc, nusclc \riftuess. anJ rlifficultvswallowlrg. Ir b.comes R)re and nrxe difficult t<,
optn tl,e mrnth, hence the nine 'lockjar. ' Thebe{ feainent A usuilly ih. hum.n rcran!s,tunure slobulin anribodr:
Chapter 8
MULTIPLE CHOICE
l.D 10. B 19. B2.C lt.A 20. Bl.D 12. B 21. A,1. c 13. c 22. Li
5. C 14. Ll 23. B6.A 15. | 21. B
7. <a 15. c 25. T)
8. Il 17. D 26. (l9. D 18. A 27. tl
F LL IN THE BLANK
28. B 17. B29. (: 38. (l30. c 19. u31. u .10. c-12. B .:l1- B31. B ,12. B3.{. c ,11. D35. c ,1,{. D36. C ,15. C
29. ALhennci\ diseise30. lr.nsic!r 6chcmic
1.2.L:t.
5.
7.
10.11,'t2.13.
1:1.
15.
17.
MATCHING
t. l ,1. E2.H 5. I_
3,F 6.K
ncu(nnusrur,f tun!oon
7. ll8. I9. L)
11. Cl:. L
!10011 P(i^otr fdr-rn'i.lr.A,rrni c Pht'l)t)$ tn ta,'.t1t,.\rtr .),t.,t.220 A\Aro\ly & PHysror oL\ roR E\u RGr\r y CAR!
Grorp B
r.D 3.J2. (l ,1. l 6.H
7.E8.8
9.Fr0. c
10. L11. J
15. ,\177. l)1E. t
11. t:12. I
Thc fara\)npatherc dilnion oi rlt ANs 6ofte! resarded as rhc "rcst and rctosc" o' rcsrand digest'system beca!r ir conscrvcs cncrgldrd promorcs scdcnrlr-! rcrivirics, mch rsdigcsrion. E\an,plcs ol farasymt!thetic o.cholincrgic rcccfrors arc nrusca.ini. !ndn'co.nrc.e.eP(r.s.
,1. The six n.jo. reslors of thc br.!r drc rhccerebrum, dlerc.phalon, !idbrdir.roDs. nrcdull!oblonsara, and rhc ecrebrllum.
5. A senefalize{l roric clo.ic rirure n ofrtnrcfcr.ed tu a\ ! sfrn.l mrl \e,/u.e. (;rn.l nalrizures rre th€ most fahilirr dJ d natic!eizure type. (;rard nal seizures cr!n'rl!'p.rlcnro be.one \tifi.nd i.ll to rhe sround. this 1s
follow.d bv alrcrn.r!rs conrracrion a.drcla\!rion of rhe skeleral mu\.let. U.inr.r inJfccal ineontinen.e n.omtu)n. Thi\ tlfe oi\cizue uNall) lists 6 90 se.onds, and .s it .nds,dre ritieri is left fl.cc d unconscious. Ihcfatient nrry be corfEed ior up ro ar houriolloNillg rh arr.ck lposric*1 cof{usionl.F!risuc is conmo. anJ mrv la5r n,r hou.\ lftcr
Chapter 9
LABELING EXERCISE 8-I1.f2. r\
3.D
3.HLAEELING EXERCISE 8-2
.{. B 6.5.G 7.
5. T' 9.6. B 10.7. R 11.8. (; lz.
C 8,DI 9,K
K 13. ,\| 1,{. LQ 15. CI
K 9.IJ r0. H
LAEELING EXERCISE 8-31.82.D
,1. L
3.C 6.GSHORT ANSWER
l
2.
L
MULTIPLE CHO CE
t.D 10. B2.C 11. D3.t 12. c,1. D 13. ll5. I l:1. D6.D 15. B7.A 16. D8.A t7. B9.4 18. C
QIQER NG EXERCIsE
1.n l.f
A. An a.tu)n ltc"tidl atn'cs rt thr ,"rdptX1,.r. The arn\ihs a.trD rotertiilJcpolarizes the presynrpti. ne!rbr.r. of drc
b. The,dnotvsnittq d.e\-l.r.l,k s rtltdsul-Dcpolarizrtbn of d,etrcsrrapri.memhrinecau\cs the brief opening of.al.iun ch.mels,$h.h -ll,^\. -.rr trellul-r --L-r !-on roInthc sFrpri. knob. Then .fr il trig8ers rhce\o.vnxis ofdr sFapriclcsiclcs !nd rhcrelerse ol acctvlcholinc. Thc rclcast oi._Llol ' rp..,^."" l r. l-,.
rhc calciunr n,N,re rlri.lli remo\ed fron thecrn)flarn by rciire ransport lrccharsnis.
c- A(:h b;nLk ard thc pasts)r1ptic fleflbt.neJ.r.l,ft:.s. thc blrdlrs oi dccttlcholir. rosodtrm chdnn.ls c!uscs rbenr nr oten andalloNs sodi!m ions ro cnrci li drc rcsukinsdcpolrrization oi the po*rvnarti. n€nbroefQche\ rh.e!hold, ar a.tior pote.tiNl tr
d. A..4l.haln. is lcnDu'l bfd.elt./ror,esr.r,s,. The eflec$ on rhe
Posrs_vn.Iinc mcmbrrne af r tmf 'rrrlbcc.usc rhc \yn!pri. cleft rnd t.sts\nafti.mtmbrrne contern the enzlnracerrlcholinestera+. The a.etll.holnEsterascreft,ves i.et\lchol1n. bv brcakns 1r lrtor.etate .rd chohrc.
h.,t.tory ncuroii!nsn,incr\ eiu\edctoldri?ario. of nre netrron. ,\cetylrholnre ardnorefinerhrine are exanfles of cxcir.ro$ncurct.!nsm,rters. Inh,btror\ neurotransmirtr'rs.ause hrferpohiizinor oi rhc ncuron.Dofinnrc- s.roronin, and gaDn,r rnrlrobutr.i.a.i.l 1(lALlA) drc cx.mplcs of i.hibilort
Thc ruo rlirisn,ns of the autononi. nervoussfiert de tl! s)lrparhclic and taruslnrfarhcricne.v(trs svstems. Ih. s-vmpaih(ic di'ision is ohenc.lled rhc fishr or ilisht" svsten becauv itusuall-! srimulates ri*uc nretabol,sft , D.rerse\dlcrrn.ss, !.d f.eflres nrc boJv to Jeal rvithcn,crgo,eies. Exanpler of srnpathetic nervoussr*en or:drenergic reccproc drc alph! 1, altih!2, bet" l, rnrl bete 2 r.c.prors.
2.A ,{. ll
19. D20. 1l
21. B22. A23. F21. B25. L)26. C27. t,
5,E6.C
28. B29. Ll
30. al31. P,
32. C33. C3;1. ll15. t)-16. It
37. ll38. C39. Il.{0. !l,11. (:12. D
,11. C,{5. C
FILL IN THE BLANK
5. Ihernrokcete)s
Astuer Kty 221
1ri.
19.20.21.22.21.
7. touch. trcs\ure, 21.
8. str 26.9.
'nferior re.t$, nern.l 27.
rectus, sup€rior ieci!sj 2E.l.rer.lr.cius.infcrior 29.obl quc, supcro obliquc 10.
10. Rutlini 31.11. llarore.rFrs 32.12. Chsrorece$oA 13.13. oli.crorr 1.1.1,1. UDdmi 35.
16. a5tigmrtism 37.17. .il,arr bodr 38.
Cln0SP!iuiI:du.I...lnr..\1,t.,1," i rrt\nl.$ ti Ehttts.tl Crt. )r.t t.t.
1. D 5.O2. P'.t F 6. (i3. l:.t L 7. J
8. I
1.D2.Q3.K
5.G
t.i2. It3. Il
2.Hl.B
6.J7. li8.B9.X
10. r
1.Fs. I6. (:
:t. I5.C6.J
11. ()72. \t.l. ]\1.1. \i,15. \1
7.8.9.
7.8.9.
9. tj10. H
21. E22. P21. I21. r.25. V
13. (i1,1. D
12. \111. (i
mucous !r.mbr.ncs
MATCHING
l.D 3. r. 5.A:. (; 4.J 6. rl
LABELING EXERCISE 9-1
7. IE.C
9. f o/B 11. P10. K 14. 1\'1
11. A 15. N12. (-_ 16. I ttl
Thc middlc la.vcr is callcd rhc vaseular runic.Thc vascular runic cont,ins allof the blrr;rlvc$cls,llmthltic ri\sue\. lnd int.insic elcmuscles. Importantfmcttuns incltrlleregulatnrgrhe rnount.fl,sht rhat elters rhe eye drd.ondollins ihe shrpe oi the lens.
.rLn " t..r .Jl..d t( nn-., rai..or.crifa. This prri()n ofthe eve contains thephotorrceptor that rcsponrl to light.Hyphetua,s bl{xi in tlt anierior chdnber ofth.eve. This somcrlncs c.r bc sccn by looking in thclris oi rhe eye. lh. blood incrcdscs drc prcssurc !rrh. cvc and c.n rcNlt in c loss ol sight or
Thc pathopl,rslok,gr of the pin .e\pon\e i\ 1e.)complex. There are both peripLeral .nd .e.falndi.to6 ofprln. Thc pcriph.rultain srsrcnr is
. .r \ 'r'
.1 \l', | ,o. .. pr r''n.l 1c | . \ ' l, !.rcgi5tcr d,c ofiginll noxious stimulb in theperipheraltisues anrl ransnlt,t to the cert lnervous svrem. lain signals are,ntegrareJ d theJor\al hori.f the spnal.ord. lh.se arc rcl.r'rdto hrsher certcrs n rhc bralr lrcludnrs rh.hvpodr.hrM, rhaldDus, rnd rhc linrbi. a.drcr culdr !erivatlns s!\r€mt. Ther cent.\integrae anrl pruces pan nfordr.non, and ellowdle deitcrlor of.!d rcrccprion of f.jn.Irne.pret.tlo!, ldctrriiicarior,.nd Iocdl zarlon orp!h.lso occur ar dresc siie\.
Bceau\c pai. is rubjc.tive. it i\ olien Jifi,.uhro as\css.In rhc cncrsen.r rettins, it i\.onm()nto ur a pain scale to Jeternine dle \everit\ of .patierfs pah. The mosr lopul.r ldnr sc.lc.skspatients to rate thc; f.i! on a Dum.ric sc.l. rharrlrgcs irom 0 ro 10i (l indi.rks no prin lnd 10inJiote' the srrst posrble pim. hn scrlerati.ss c,n he m()nirored ro {letern,ne t}Ieeffe.n\ene\s of nedi.etiortr .!d orh.r trcarn.!rs.
Ar.lse!.s ar. m.dicarioN dr.i hclp ro.lleri.re par'lhc! m.-! work on pcflphcr!lrainnrcdi!roF, ccnrrrltiin mcdinror\, or borh.\'1 | Jrl ',,,, 'n', - \\.\ll,.g rr'.'kcomnrrnlv used for nild to node tt prn- Ns,{lDsprnranll act o. pcnph.r.lp.!r mcdiarors !fdlicludc aspir!r, iburroien, naprcxor. ketopmfen..nd m.ny orh.is. Thcsc druss rlccrcasc lcvels ofinflanmatirr neJiatrrs, such ar prxtaglanJm.generate,l at the site oi tnue nrrur)- Be.aur the)rct peripherrllr. they r1o roi cau\e \tdrt,o. orr*fnIo^ Jefre$io! ard rh$ do troi lircrfcrc\trih Lro$ cl or bhddcr furctnni. r\ccranrinofher{lrl,lroli ls dlso a Fflfhcfalll actirs urlscsi.-Hosfre., unlike dr NS,\ID:, ,t does not hi\e dti'f Tr " {' T f ,r.,., 'Jo. ,.r .I',,r1',.1.
ass.esrnon lis dor\ rsptrin). -\1ost periphcrdlhectn€ aralsesics musr bc .dnintrrcr.d ordlll or bvropicdl dpplicarion. Th. c\ccpri. is kllonnacI lbr!dol), r'hich is !!allable nr mrrnuscul:r rrinravenous i.iectbn.
Ildlerate ro rv.rc pui usu.ll! r.quir.sopr r lsesics. opioid andlscsics includclrorphnrc, codcinc, h!donorfhont. ft te.iJirc,icnrdnrl, anJ olheri. Ther are nost efiectrre wher(hc.! arc aJnrinisrercd r,.enterallr (ourirle of theJisc\tive sliem). (l()dnon tuuts of opioid,n,e.roa are strb.utN!eous, ;uramusc!hr, !rd
4.
LABELING EXERC 5E 9 2
LAEELING EXERCISE 9 3
t6. Tr7. a18. R19. H20. N
\ 10. ,\H I]. Kr, 12. I
D 10. tK 11. Fu
LABELING EXERC SE 9-4
5HORT ANSWER
1. Th. fr6r gor.rdlscn( r.ccp(r lf ihc bod! i\r.mp.futurr. $(ithin the dermis rrerhcrnror.ceper\, whi.h rre ne^e enrJings that\ense a chanse h rn|erature. Althourh rlFrc.rcno siru.tur.l diifci.nccs b.irvcm rhc No, rhchunar bodv h.s rlrc. ro iour rnncs nrorc coldir'..Prors rlun w.nn rcccfros.
Th. ;.cond lrenr.al sen\c rectn)r rs pln.Th. fain r.cetl(,s, o. n()ciceptrrs, are rlro neneen,l,ns\ thar rre fourd throughour thc .rin. bod):Depetrdlng or rhc rvpc ofp!in. rhc noelc.p&rs.r! s.nd rhc pdlr !np!lsc ro n,vclinared ncrreiitcrs that are reslorsible frr oansnnnng fas or\ktrL pain impulses.
Touch. presrre. anrl posrtnu are *rsed b1
ine.hano.e(eforsthri rft .lso fourd rhro!shourthe bodl. The rhr.. ryrcs oi mcchanorcccptors.r.: r.crilc rcccfrors (much). brrreeeprrs1pr.$ur.), drd f rcprn,eept(trs lpositn'rr.
The la* generrl senst rerepu\ Nre chemicllre.eptds or.hrmo(cc!ro6. lbcsc rcccl)roF !rc.e\poNble ior serslrs ch.nscs in rhc chcDric!lcortnrr.riors iound in rhc bodr. somc clnplesof ch.morcccpturs arc those i. rhe.,(trid r.tenes.nd rhc.orric !rch. Thrsr rsr) feccrntrs \enreehrnges in pH. carfnn dn,{le levels, .rd oxvg.!.on.€niranons n rhc.ircf idl blood.
2. ll i{ pnvccrj lnd s! $.
3. Thc ourtnn(^t lavef is.illed rhe f,brous tu,..wirhin lhi\ sertion of rhe e\e ,s dre \.lera dd thecorner. The frbur nuric pro\des ln'chanicdlsuttort.rd som. dcgr.c of ph-!sic!ltrorccrron oirhe ere. sd\rs is .n .rr.clmcnt slrc for cxrrifsLc.rc muscls. ..d a$i\rt in the n).n\ins pr)ccss.
C1003 lerron Edr!:i,on. In..A".t.r, . r\ sLl.! l, r,u!.tr! t 'r', )rl a!.222 A\Arov\ & PHy\roro(,y roR Lvr RLr \c\ CqRr
Chapter 10
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. D 11. (i 21. t!2. B 12. D 22. ,\3.B 13. B 21. B,t. D 1,1. A 24. C5.A 15. B 25- B6. B 16. c 26. ,\7. (a t7. D 27. A8.B 18. U 28. D9.D 19. D 29. D
10. D 20. D 10. c
F LL IN THE BLANK
3. Cr'..1i. AI1l'] {.dcnosjrc
-o, pl \ tl' .t !o rfl(.1 ro r .,,' aqr.'ac 1\ct" .
Ihe G protein is dcrir!r.d whcn d hormorcbituls ro rhc hornofc's.cccf(' aI tbenrembrane surface. Thc second nc*enser nrrr',.r,,n..a,/. 1 . L,,' ^ nfb,'^rLL_rhe ner.e\uh is a.hanse in thc.ell's netabolic
lhc scvor hoflnoncs .clca\cd bv lhe rDteriorPrrurrdr.v sland arc rhc:
thyr)id ninrulatins h..mone. *hich triggersthe.elerse oi thrrold hormonesradreno.orn.or.pi. hormone, $hi.hstlnul.tes the r.l.asc of srcroids fron rhcadrcnal coricx lrlic spcciiic ho.,noncs arcc.llcd slLrcocoftico s)iiolticlc stimulating hornnne. rvhich prcn,t*ess d.el.,tnent in feniles and spefl!tr.du.non in naiesrlurt'uiz!rs horrnodc, $ hich ind!ccsoruhrion in fcnalcs rnrl stimulates e
lncrsririal c.lls of rhc rcsrcs tu p(llucc \e\
pn,lactin, rvhich rtrmrlrte\ nanrnar) ghrJrleveft;pment anJ stioulats dre froducnon ofrilk b\ d! d.!rm.r-r rl.!dsrgroirrli hornrorc. s'hich stin,ul!res cell
sorth a.d edl rcflieario,r hr incrcasing dreraie ot t()tein \rnthesi\; rndhelinoclr st,ndling honrme, \rh1chincreaser e prxlncron of hehnin. dlesubs n.e thrt helps.otrtrol sklr ard hNir
lhc follo\rlrs hormon.s ar. producd bv drcpodcrior f ituirary sltrnJ:
antidNreti. hornofu (,\Dl1), \Lhi.h rs usu.ll)relea\ed a\ a re\ponse o a rise 1n the.orcentr.ro! ol clccrrolrr.s n rh blood.lh. primrry funcrion oi AIIH is to (lccrosctlr rnourr oI w.rcr loss rhroush rbcknlnc-rsr anLl oxrtocin, rvhich *imulrtes\nnx,th m nscle .ontra.non of ihe \rillr oi drtrterus rlmng labor end dtli'er1.
c6hnrg\ s\ndiorr'..lso cdllcd h-!p.r!dr.nali!n.is d connron disordc. mo\t oftcn setn in miJrlle.'. s "r. 1 ..rlt.glucoconlcoid rclease ether from an abnornalityof the rnrcrior prtritary glinJ or rhe rJrenrl
,{lld"or's JAea\e, rli ..lled .dr.n,lms!lfic rcr occurs b.causc of dcstruction oi thcrdrcnrl .orlex. Thit fesulrs in . decrerse inglueocortlcoid, nrnrc.trl()c(rti.oiJ, and an{ln)sen
.t.5.6.
9.10.11.12.
13.
15.16.17.18.
MATCHING1.G l.r s.2. 1 .1. [ 6.
LABELING EXERCISE 1O'1
LABELING EXERCISE 1O 2
t.H 3.4 5.2. l: ,1. D 6.
rcgulatrrr honrones
c
31. C 41. C3:. D 12. Ct3. c .13. A3;1. (l ,1,1. (:35. A 45. B36. A :t6. Il-17. D 17. C38. A .18. B
39. D .{9. A.10. B 50. ,\
pcpridc IANP)
21.
2-1.
24.25.26.
27.28.
29.10.
'19.
zo.
t] 8.r
I
L
5.
9. 1t10. t)
10. (l11. L
1. i) .1. I 6.K 8.J2.t 5.8 7.H 9. (l
c 7.c
o 7.Lrl 8. 1
8.I
9.Qt.N 3.K 5.2. I .1. I 6.
Chapter 'l lSHORT ANSWER
l. Lxc.ssir. rhirsr afd f'cqucnr ufin.tn,n crn becdun'd b.r di.bcrcs insui.lus and rlirbeter
2. Hormones or fnst m.ss.l8crs h!v. no dir.creffe.r (,n ihe cell. Tir.\ ar. r-!pic!llv roo hrs. ror', \,n t' r'..1 'rrr'..q rr.r..ir\tuirc d sccond mc$cfscr q'itbin thc cell n)rrls8.r d cffrain rcsporse. Tht link be*een thtiirst rrcsstnger and the se.o.J mesenger osuall)inv(nvcs i (; pnnem, *l!.h is.n cnzrDc
O2003 retrcor Edu.r(on, In..Arrtan,l,r ttry.lryt ltn rnq/n.,- ()\'. ),t.t.
MULT PLE CHOICE
] D 10. l2.D 11. B3.C 12. B,1. c 13. B5. D 1:1. u6. il 15. B7. B 16. I)8. B 17. (-.
9.B 18. C
19. C20. ,\21. l)22.,\23.,\21.425. r\26. B27. C
28. c 37. <a
29. a 18. ,\30. c 39. C31. D ,10. L-12. C :l l. B
3.1. D 12. Dl.{. I) .13. B35. B ,{,1. D16. c .t-r. I
An:ter Key 223
FILL IN THE BLANK
3. Wfue bloorl cells
7. heno.r'tobldsrs orIiluripotc.r 5tcm cells
9. sickle crll Jiserse
13. nrcrcasc ccll diYisiorrates in ervdroblats,speed up !n.turaror oi
MATCH NG
1.t 3.4 5.82.() .1. E 6.J
LABEL NG €XERCISE 11-1
1. L) 2. P, 3. r\LABEL NG EXERCISE 11 2
Red blood c.lls (ltlcs) conllin rhe pisnre.themoslobin, which b!rds and rrans|o.rs oxtsendnd cdrbon dnxiJe. Re.l bl(n)J cells arc the nosiabundrnt of all blfurl cellsr ther account for 99.epcrco,t of dre frrned ehnents. The lile spaD oi a
fe.l bnhd.rll 1s trfically arourd 120 da-vs lons.Roushlr o.e-ilird ol rlrc 7-t rrillion cclls i. rhehun.! bod! arc rcd blood ccll5.
\nhitc blu cells. alv, km)wn a\ WBG orlenkoc)res, can l! drstingrlished from Rrlcs b!rheu larser \ize ard br the prcsencc ol a nuclcus.'
'J "r\.. "r8., r ' \la.rl.olJ.t"cr'!l \ilwhrc blood cclls hclp dcfcnJ the body again*invasion br pathogens, anrl thef ren.\e toxnrs,wasrcs. anLl abnornrlor danagerl cells.Abnormal clx fornetior from . deep velnihronbosis or. pulrDonlr.! cNboiisn.!n bc !life threatcring siru!rion. The trcec5s otdissolvirs a clor i\ c!lled fibrinoll\is. Ii besin\srrl '. r'. r,r " l-, 1 ....' p ^,.,, tl..n.. ot .
by tissue phsnrinogen acout.,r (tl'Al. Di!rit.dris e\ relerse t1'4. The.criv.rion ofpl.sninoscnfrodu.es rhe flu-lmc pldsnin, $'hich bcsins todisest the fibrn sffands rnd rbu5 cqlcs drc clotfo!ndarion. fibrinolyiic rsen$ .!nr rhe.onrern)n ol phsn,n.gen to pl.st!r-
15. B
21. 9 12 Jrys
:.,1. hcprrrr, Coumadin
5.
7.C 9. t)8.t 10. H
1 1 5.LK 6.3. tl 7..1. H 8. I)
,1. E 5.C
9. I 12. (:10. I 13. E11. B,rN 1,1. B./ \
Chapter 12
5HORT AN5WER
1. The iiv. prinuir luncrions of blooJ rre:a. r.!n5]uring di*,nved srte\! nnrienisi
hornores anJ meteboLc wrsesrb. regulrtins the pll and ror composirio! of
hteAtn,.l fiuidsic. .e\tri.ons iluid loss.s ar njur-v 5ircs!d. d.fdrdlig.g.iisr rorift anJ pathogensl andc. srabiliTing Llodr knrpe.atMe.
2. thc rhrcc classcs of pli\m. f()tenr found h lhcbIr rre alhunns, globul$,.nd fib!lfosc
l. N.r/roprrl-r comprisc.pprc\in,rtclr 50 n)t0 pcrccnr of all circulating rvhte bknlcells. Amrturc ncrtroplil has r verv Jenr. ronucJnuclcus s'ith tqo r, five lohrs thit resemblc t'..ds
ros,rr,r;/s are nred so bccdusc rhcirs.inule\ si.n d.rkh wlth thc rctl tjrc a,sin. Theyun,.ill rcpN..( 2 -.1ttf.e.t of cn.nlating $htreblood cclls (VBus)and arc !imilarin \ize io
Basoprils h:re nu,nerous gr.rul.s rhar sra!rJarklr rvith basc dys.]n r si.trd.nl blood !nc!rthr g rules.r. i d.cf purflc or blue- These cetts an\onr*het !nil].r rhdn ncurrophils or co\nr)th,rsird irc rcl.irclr rarcither r.comt ntr hss tirnI lrc'e$r oi dr.if.uhting \\'!C pofllrrion.
Moro.rt* aLe nerl' tlvrce dr. sizc ofd ffpicaLe.r thio.\ te. The nlclcus; largc anLl corrmonlv ovalor lh.pcd likc d kld.cv br!n. lrl,nrutes nornalllaccolnr for 2-8 Nrccnt ol.ir.uirtins WB(l\.
t .ttl . t .t . rl,.l.,s'r1., B-irrrlcontain r relatrrel' lrrge r!.l.us $noundbr r rhin hak, oicytoplasr. L.l lrphon rcs .ccou f rk)r l0 :10 ferc.lr of rlt \Yll! poliuhiio. in bkx)d.
OlloD3 Itrlon Elkrnon. ro.,{,rrory e rfw.]!!r I.r r'n-.(,.,- t:.rt. ),t tt
MULTIPLE CHO CE
1. ,\ I1. B2. ,\ 12. C.
l. B 13. (l,+. D 14. C5.A 15. C5. Ll 16. D7. r- 17. D8. ll 18. n9.8 19. D
10. c 20. l)
ORDER NG EXERCISE
l.B 2.nFILL N THE BLANK
21. B t1. B 41. (l22. A 32. (a ,{2. C23. C 13. ,L 13. C21. B 3.1. | 11. a.
25. D 35. A 45. (:26. B 16. (: 46. A27. ,\ 37. i 17. a:
28. B 38. B 4E. A29. Lr 39. D 19. l)30. C :10. C 50. I)
3.A ,1. C 5. 1
19. sT elev.iion. n.$ l.frL.undlc br!.eh blo!k
!rgiofldsr.r IIJTCA)
2:1. inre.nrl aubnati.
deirbrlll.ror i]AcDl
22,, ANAToMY & PHysrolocy FoR ENTERcENcy CAIE
1.D 3.A 5. 12.F :1. G 6.8
IARF INC FXFR'ISF 12 I
LABELING EXERCISE I2 2
26. co,nmotio cordis27. F.ank Sr&ling prin.,ple28. Valvular hean dneere
MATCHING
LABELING EXERCISE'I2-3
t. I 6. I 10.2.F 7.H 11.3. 1 8. R 12.,l.N 9.C 13.5. L)
LABELING EXERCISE 12-4
$vcatnrg (diaphorcsis)j ndusca, vonririDs, !nd
Half of all patlents nho die Ju.ins an lcurr'''^-,r'r,J n J'. \, '. ,J,J.Lr',^ld rhe ..rdra. conductbn \r,r€n called advvhlihmie. uonnon d\rhvthnias asv,.irftdwiih lrvocardi.l ischcri. drd suddcr d.drh dr.ventricubr fibrillation or vcnr.icul!r r!chvc!rJia.In vortricular iibrillation. no orgrnized eltctrioli.tnitv oc.urs, and rhe n)o.ird,al nu\cle na*simplv qu$ers. or frbrillares. Ihus,.o!r'o..rdial coriri.ro! t.kes plaft. ventrlcul.rfibrillation can bc cifcctivclr rrc.rcd bvdciibrlllation, nhich is rhc .apid !pplication otan clcetrical corntcrshock. Dciitrrillation sropsthe i(esula. ele.tricrl!.tivitv oi the hean. which,lloNs the Dorlril pacedrakrr oi the he.r o
.{. Thc firsr phasc is rlpid dcpohrizado! of fic c.lt.At rhrcs|l LJ, voltage rcgulrrcJ qlium channelsopen, rnJ thc inllur oi soLlium b.s rlpidhdepolarizes the srrcokmma. The n,Jinm.h!nnels.l6e when thr rran\nehbrane potemal reaches
thc sccord ph.sc is th. pl.r..u phas.. As rr.cell nos' begi,,s ro icrivcl! tumt vrliunr lons oul.!oklse regulatcd.!lciun, channrls oprn indextrrcelluler calcmn x,ns enter the rrrcoplarm.Ihe.dlciun chr.nels ren.nr open ior r relatnelv.'8 f r J.rr.lr'-(rrfl |Ir ^,\,.\' clc.rrl rourhlv bahnce rhe lo$ oi Nd fron thec.ll. lh. lrcre|sed co..ertririon ofc.lcium{irhin ibc cdlalr rrisscrs d,c rclcasc oft:rlfrom reserves in dre sarcophsnri..eticulum ISR),rvhich continue the contration-
The ihnd rh.sr is refohflzation. A\ thrc!lcrun ch.nncls bcsn ro closc, porassiunlchann.ls op.r and por.siulr io.s LK+)rush ourof rhc cdl. l hc ncr rcsuh is ! rcpoldrizarion rharre{(re\ df rcsting torenri!1.
5. The svmprthetie relerse of\E rr sln.rs.s ir drcmlocr n,n anJ the release .f NL ind l] br theadrcn.l Nt!llac srimul.r. c.rdidc musclc c.llr.1 lol i JrC.r.-. r. l, '^( .r lIt.f^jeonrrlctiof. Thc r.nnr is rn incfclic iD srrck(
The trinraN r*irr oi para\r'n,prdrrric r\Chrelease r inhihnnn, rvhreh re*lts rn a Llecrease rnrlt torce oi cirdlrc corf..tiors. De..uif ar.srnrp!rhcric inncrr!rion of rhc iaarff i.l.srclarivc|! linrircd, rhc grc.r.d .cdleriof if.()ntr!.tile ntrce oc.ur in the trt.i!.
Chapier 13
MULT PLE CHO CE
1.B 11. AI A 12. t)Lll 11. c:1. B l.{. C5.D 15. C6.B 16. B7. (a 17. A8. lr 18. A9.C 19. C
10. c 20. al
29.
30.B) pars Grlft lCABG)
18. I19. O20. E21. 11
1. F- 3. (; 5. I1 7. 1:
2.8 .1. A 6. D 8. (l
7. 1 9.H8.E 10. I
7.H 9. l)8.A 10. F
l C 3.f 5. Lr2.r .{. c 6.J
(: 7.4I 8.E
K 8.E 10. (lA 9. 1 tl. c
H 7.r 9. 1c 8.n t0. F
K 1,1_ (;T 15. S
B 16. Au 17. Q
LABELING EXERCISE ]2 5
I B2.H
I Hl. 1:
l..l
1. I2,A
2.
-1.
21. (l22. ta
21. c2:1. D25. D26. I)27. B28. B29. 1]
10. t)
3.D 5.
,1. D 6.5.B 7.
-r. G 5.:1. B 6.
LABELING EXERC 5E 12-6
LABEL NG EXERC 5E 12 7
1.B 2.D 3. (l ,1. L 5.4
SI]ORT ANSWER
1. lion the right et1un, the uro!)gen.ted bloodrrdr.ls rlroush rh. iricusprl !rlvc ro rhc rishrv.nriclc. rfom rhe fi{jhr rc.rriel. rhc trloodrr.v.ls rhrough rhc \cn,ilL,nar pulmonie 'al'cirn) dre tnlnr)n,rv !rterr rnd irn) rhe
ful oMr\ .irculanor. ,\t ihrs pomt the bloodnovrs ihroush ihe pulnon.r\ c.pili.rv srstem.rd b.com.s oxlgcn!r.d. Ihc blood lhcnrravrl\ rc rhe ltit !t.ia vi! the pulmonar-rvcins. Ircm $c left arrio the blooLl travclsthrrsh the niinrl lal!c inn) the letl !enrricle.Bl(n then nbves fron the leit vertrl.lethrourh the aorti. \rhe ,nb ihe rorti. Theaorta tlrn morcs thc orvs.n!rcd blood lnodrc sr\lcmic eifeulrtior. Tbe bl(lrd N)rc\ih()ush the \) re d,. .ir.L,hnon bi.k to the
sA rode, ffi.rodrl pirhw.rs, AV rodc. bu.dl.of H6,l.ir rtrd rlshi buldl. brdnchcs, htrknrtc
1h. sisrs ard srDrNoms oiaeurc corcnuryslnrlome nrcluJe che* pain. Jifiic l breathing,
31. D ,11. (:32. D ll. Dll. c ,l]. Ll
3.{. ll :1.1. L35. c 15. D36. B 16. B37. D 17. C38. A ,lE. C39. C ,{9. n.{0. I) 50. B
An:wer Key 225Ol0!r3 ltrron EJr.tio.. Inr.A,;1.\ t tr*.tas.\ ttn En.ry.6 a r.. 2\1 {1.
FILL N THE BLANK
2. sfhvgnonanonei.r
7. peripheralrustarce
10. 120,211. prccatill!N sphincter
teripherel vasculdr
pcripherrlvarcularrc{sian.e. blood rrcssurc
neural,.nd hoflnonal \timulithat sinulate orlnhibrr rhis smood, n,uscle tissue can adiun ihedianrrcF ofthese ve\rlt, and a smallchdlsc inJirmerer can prorluce r very lars. ch.nsc in
The srcond sourcc is viscosiry. Thc tr)l]eftt.alled vrcosir-! is rhc rcsistance l() fl(^v rhatresults fronr inrcr.crionr,fl)ns tu)lecules andsuspcnrlerl materials in a lnlum- L(uids of low
'iscositv, i,ch.s Nrtd, ilo\! ar kN rrc\\urer:
whr.eas thi.k, srrupl liqLrids such as mohssesit,.s ^,.tr u, d.I I E L r r1\J r . P.. ,r.. {\,,.blood conteins pla5m! pft)tein\ ind \u\perdedblood cclls, n hes . visco\irI about iive niks
Thc la\t sour.e 1s turbul.nc.. Turbulcnce isr.p.. b,ror r,-".i,! . .". I l- ' ....Turbuldrcc norjnall! occurs *hen bltbrlfloxrbcrrvccn the heart's chambers rnd fron dr. h..rrinro dre !(,rti and pulno!.ry irunk.Ii !ddjibn(J incrcasins rcsi\tanG, iurbuLercc g.ncrar.s rhcrhir.l and four h.di sounds oitcn hcarJ nrn,ughr stshoscopc. lurbulcnt blooJ florv acrrxsd.nNgcd or misrligncd b.afr !rlv* rn)du.es thesound ot hrart nNnurs.\rLr".. r" r'r r\. forn .,r^ | oI I f,.' J t r'in the tuni.a nedi. of rh..!rcrv rhar i\isso.i.ted lrirh d!nrdEc ro rhr cnd(trhelialhurs. Arh.roselerosis renJr n, dertl.p !lndrviduals rvhosc blood rontains elevateJ leversoi phma lipirls, speeificalh .holesterol.circularing.hole$etuI is iransporrcd ro
teriFhe.al n$urs nr !rotr'$-lipid conplctcs
Wh.n choleste.ol ri.h lipoproteins r.mairin circulario. n,. rn exrendeJ period,!i.cultrrins mono.)tes begin (noving rhcmfr(,m the bloodvrcam. Lrcnrudll: th.monoc-rcs, rvhich fe nou'filld llirh lifid.l rl r,.-!J.r|'| "\".r"rr. ' .\|'blood !.sicls. The\e.ells then rtledse srowthIactors rhrr *imulrte the dniiors of rnoorhnusele cells neer the tunica irrcrnd. Th. vc$cl{rlldick.ls wrh plaq!c madc iron fat cells,sru)th muscl. cc11s, anl nonocltes.Artt'rlosclcrosis is r rl,ickenins rnJ ioughtrtrrgof rrtcrial rvrlls. Arerrcscle(xn of.oron.rr
.1. i. .1" .r\. ,, .... r.. \ ri,- \ l ....lC]\Dl. rnJ irerbs.leiosr oi artL'rics thrtNfrl) the br.rn c.n lcad ro strckes. The t\vonrlor forms of rrtdiosclc.o5i5 !.e f(,c,1cdlciiicdrion anJ .rherx.lero!\. li fo.il,. . ,, '..1-g,( .',.b .o^rl r '..1 , ,1
nrniQ neJia ir replatd b]' c.lciun dclosirs. koccnrs as frrt of tlt'r8ing proccss and isiss.ciried lrirh.rhcrosclercsis. Reference thear$!.r ro qu.srion +2 ior ! descnptbn ol
\, ", -.. ' 'F.lt r8 | _\. {..,1'r .l \.'a blo.d vessel.,\ncur!sms rrc ar risk n). Nptu.er{.st aneur!!ns rcsuh fron athcrxclen,sir anrllnrolv. rhc ro.r! bccause rhe bl(x)J pre$ure th.r.is highcr dran at anr other ve$el 1n rhc bodr ,\nancurrsm usualtr occurs grrduallr. l-v.nruNllr,blooJ surger rnto the roric wall rluoush a rea. inrhe ro.t,. tmica nrrnr.. Aoc.ur in rhe ch.n or abdo,ncn. Thorrci. rort,.
20. kidncys21. Arfirl nat.iu.eti.
23. ,\crrc pulnroraN
2,1. tulm()ndr \e,n\
comnror c!rotrd
29. !hr.nic30. l{d!n!ud's
33. du.t6.rrcriontr
35.8i 9i
MATCH NG1. (i 3.2. | ,1.
A 5,H 7.B 9.Lc 6. I 8.n r0. l:
2.
3.
LABEL NG EXERCIsE 13 1
1.t 7.v 13.2. (: 8. E l,l.3.R 9.X 15..1.N 70.2 t6.5.r 11. I t7.6. I 12. BB 18.
LAEELING EXERC SE 13 2
1.R 8.| 15.2.N 9.D 16.3.G 10. r 17..{. Y 11. (: 18.5.8 12. \v 19.6. BB 13. 11: ZO.7. DD 1.1. 11 11.
LAEELING EXERCISE 13 3
l l l. IorA 5.2. | ,1. A./l 6.
LABEL NG EXERCISE 13'41. R 7. ai 13.2.\ 8.V 1.1.
cF
(-_
sII
7. l) 9.8. G 10.
D
I.
DDc(l
HH
Z
OT
D
I
PLIL]
19. \120. Al21. (i22. I23. Y2.1. K
12. B23. II21. L25. El.25. CG27. E
28. J
25. u26. S
27. B28. Q:9. ()30. H
29. Q
3r. u32. X33. H3,1. c(l35.5
1. 1 9. Y 15..1.T 10. B 16.5. D 11. A,\ 17.6.W t2. J tlJ.
SHORT ANSWER
't9. z20. E21. X22. H23_ tJ
l. Th! firr nN.e,s vascul.i r.sntdncc. \lo\r oi rhevascrlrr resnknee occur rn rh. !ricridcs, wh,chi.e cxt.eheh nlu\.!l.i thc llalls ot an aftenoresnh r :10 !m nrrcnul ,lirmttcr; ior exanple, cenhi\e i 20 r-rhick lar,T of snuth muscle. Local,
226 ANAToMY & PHysroLocy FoR EMERGENCY CARE
24.
26.27.28.
C2003 rcr$oD l d!ti,rr.l,'iAlra,t.\."Pt!r.].!- tq 1.,xr.a,!r 4.r.. )r.l al
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. D 11. (:2.D 12. D3.D 13. A.+. C l.l. l)5. lr 15. c6.D 16. ts
7. B 17. l)8.8 18. A9. c 19. (l
10. L) 20. I
F LL N THE ELANK
.lcurvsms usrdlly inlolre ihe ir.h of dre.ortr.ltuprurc of. rhoracic aortic.!.u$smis usuallr ic!rd$rofnrc cvcnr.
5. Re.in $ans a chain reacrion dra! ulrnnarclyeonvcrts an inactivc flasn,a p.(ncin,ansiot€n\inos€n, k) the ho. )ne ,.gi()tensin II.Argloiensnr 1l $ntr dtes ca iac output rndtrigg.s arrdiole constrictiorj whi.l nr t|dnelclrrcs svstcnric blood prcssurc.lDostimmeJiateln As the hvels rt.enin go ut, so dothe levels of rngiotn\in IL
Chapter 14
SHORT ANSWER
1. A.tive immunitr lftears rf!e. exfosurc rc !nentigen as a.onsequence oi the inimune rcsfor\c.|\P, r\o' g' l-'Inr',,,.-n,r,.. 'f,hl ideierdnE asrinst an enornous number ofaDrigoN, rhc appropri.t. deferses ere nobiliredo.lr ltlt. an i.dividual\ Irmphocyrcs crcourt.r .frricuh. lntige.. Aeriyc immunit! mdl dcvdopas r ftsuh.f natural e\f(, e e, an r.tigr. in thc
",\ ro,r,,r ulr.l\ ,- ur',J* r'- rr r hor iion d.liberute erposure i. in rnngrnlinduccd acrn. immurl!).
hssir. imn,uriw js produc.d by rh. rr.nsfcrof antiborlies t0 rn indivirlual frn some od,e'sotrr.e. NaNlll,v acquikd |a$ire inrmunir!resuhs $hen ambo.lirs proJuceLl by a mo erprctcct h.r bdbl againsr ini.criors d!i1ngsesrlrio. (bv crossins rlN pl.c.nr.) or in .arhinfanc_' (throush breasr milk). Ir i.duccd pas!rcinnnn,tv, rnnl'o{lieqre aJmini\r.e.1 Io fj{:htinfecd)n or prlrnt.li\e!se rfter erporre to rhc
2. \l l.. lo e r'. r.-\rrr- l,r.r.el l.Thc iour r-lpcs oi I cclls .rt cftoto!1c T.ellj,helpef T cclls. mcmory T eclls, and nrppr.ssor
3. Tlle three min fun.rhn\ ()ft|f lvnphlti. svstemarc dr produ.tlor, manlteriNe. dd dbt.ibutx,ntl.r.?l ..rf :rla r!rroil, .1.'r.l,o:r,', r:
rcrirnrcr!ltssrcs ro the Lnoodr and the dAtnbut,.not hornDrcs, nuiricrrs. !dd rv.src producrs iiomdren ti$ue\ oiorisin ro rhe gcnrral circularbn.
,1. B.ell\ orisinlre in rhe bone marrcq. B (l1s crndifi.rcrd.te into ph\nr.rlls, rvhrch prodre and5ccrcrc !nribodics-sol!bll' pior.iN rlut.ie ilsoc.ll.(l !Dnnrnoslotnrl!$. Anrlbodi.s br tosFcific chemieal nrs.r5 cdllcd drriscrs, \Lhich !rcuruallv frdn)sen\. fafis or pr L,crs ofprthogcns,o.orhrr i(trcisn comtound\. B.ells drcresporsible nt annboJr medirtd immunit!.
5. \onspccilic dclcds.s do rot dlsunsuAh bet$eenonc rlrrc!r !nd .rorlFi th.sc dcfdrses, $h1ch areprc\e.t at bidr. includc fhlsical br.rlc6,fhagoc)iic cell\,'nnunol()si.,l ru.veilhnce.rnterier,ns, conplenent, i.ilamnration, r.J fevciIhev provide ihe bodv *Ih a Jefensive capabilitrknosn .s nonspccihc renr.r.e.
Sp.ciilc dclerses protect iea$t prrt,.ul]rthrcdrs. \fan_! spcciiic dci.nscs d.\'clof aircr brtllas
" rc{Lh ol exp()sure n) eDvirormrnr.l haTads
.r,nfe.nons "sents.
Sre.ific delen5r\ r.ed.perdeni or ihe r.ruties of llnfho.lres.
Chapter l5
21. B22.423.,\21. lJ25. L)26. L)27. l)28. B29. (a
I0. t)
31. C32. B33. B
15. D36. t)37. <:
18. A39. B,{0. D
.{1. D
.{2. A43. B;1,{. (l
,16. D
.18. N
'19. C50. D
5. T..lh6. \lprrcssor T cclls7. B cclir
12. Nonspccific
17. rcmpor!ry rcp!ir of
nowif'l thr sfread
mobili/ins r $iderdse of dcferses
MATCH NGl.t l.c 5.2. | ,1. il 6.
LABELING EXERCIsE 14 ]
l.t ,1. C 7.
Ig\{IsFIgIlRN,\lirmor necrosis i.cioA
,\uroimmu!. disorders
23.
25.26.27.28.29.10..l1.32.33.3.1.l-t,16.37.18.
19,.10.
21.22.
H 7.C.\ 8. .l
2. Il. l
27. C22. I)21. Il2.1. A25. A16. A
28.4129. u10. c
s.L 8.6.H 9.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.D 1r. A2.4 12_ B3.D 1t.B,1. ll 1'1. B5. ll 15. A6. C 16. ll7. D 77. <a
8.C 18. ts
9. C: 19. D10. D 20. B
31. ll ,11. B32. B 12. t]33. C .{3. a.l.l. I) :1,{. B35. B ,15. B36. c 46. n37. C ,17. C38. C 18. A39. C .19. Ll,10. a 50. B
An:ter Key 227
9. 110. t)
13. El.+. K15. B
LABELING EXERCI5E 14 2
N 10. (;D 1T. Ao 12. \1
(; 8.B1.A 3.D 5.2. C ,1. 11 6.
Olr0t Perf.n tJlln.n. I.r.Aut.n) t Pb\.!al.{ lit Ew!?t. 4rr.2"t1.,1.
F LL IN THE BLANK
2. Ird"iiddl carbondioxidc (FTCo:)
3. glorris
6. tra.hr.l cartil.gcs7. se.onddi.r brcrchi
derth svndronc(slDs)
1. (; 5. P2. I 6. L3.N 7.8.{.D 8.KARF] ING FXFR' SE
losirtre end expir.torv
MULTIPLE CHO CE
1. lr 11. D2.D 12. D3.8 13. D;1. tl l,l. A5.A 15. B6.C 16. I7. P, 17. D8.D 18. B9.B 19. C
10. D 20. B
F LL IN THE ELANK
11.l:1.
15.16,
77.18.19.20.21.22.21.24.25.
77. E18. -\119. H
RGl\{I(l
J
(o
xIf.T
R
wHN
D1.4 3.F 5.2.F 4.A 6.
5. l.mphvsena resuhs frorn a de(rlcdon of rh!alleolaf *.lls d,stal to rhe tcfuural bronchiolcs.Enthr\en. elso c.urs. wc!kcnifs ot die r'rllsol slr.ll bronchiolcs. Vhen dre salls aredes(oved, thc lLrngs losc thcir capalitr e) rr.oilard .ir rcnrllrs rrrpped in rhe bronch,oles.Rcsidualvrnume increases due ro rhc trdrpcd !iibur dre vitalcapacity rena,ns th. sam.. l'hisin.rear in pre$uic dcsrro,vs dre luns e, shi.hleads to furthct alveolar c<nhp\e. Th€ nrioiconrributor ro onph!sema is.iSaretit rloktrt.
Chapter 16
2..1..1.
5-
MATCH NG1.E 3.H 5.2.D .1. A 6.
LABELING EXERCISE 15 1
c ;t1. L)c ,1:. Bat 43. (:D ,{,1. 1l
D ,15. AD .16. Ll
a 17. BLr .{8. IB ;19. BD 50. C
flellt lppcr qu.dfunr
D 7.uQ 8. IJ 9.Ys 10. B
9.
11.12.
21. B22.,\21. c2:1. C25.4-26. B27. a:
28. C29. ,\30. c
13.
15.16.
16,17.18.
20.
31.32.ll.35.36.37.3E.39..10.
B 7. <a 9.JI 8.r 10. (;
9.C10. D
9.G10. E
3.4 5.! 7. r-4.H 6. I 8.J
IABFLING EXER'ISE
SHORT ANSWER
1. The f,ve iunciions oi rh. .espi.rtor\ \)rten arc:a. prolidirg i llfse rr€a for gis etchangc
bcrl'ccn air and cir.uliting bloodjb. t(treding the respn.rorv su.f.ct\ h(rn
Jeh\drition .nd rcmtt.ature changes andJeferdnrg.gai.sr lNaJin!: pathogtn\;
t. no\r'J rrr ' .'rJI r.r\re' ".\'18surfaecs of the hrns\l
d. proJucing soun.l\ that ptflnit spccch, sing,ng.arJ noni€rbal auditoiy communicarion; and
e. pr)r,dins ol{dcrorv scnsirions to the .edtrelrcrous srrcnr for the \en\e of snell.
2. Asrhm. is r cho,ic inil.mhaor) dlsord.r of rhcr nr..\.. ll-\,J-.f .'l,r'..r'',o, r\.!iNrr\s leaJ\ io .r obsinrction of aitfl(tr\. Thefacnr\ rhit are k.o\rn io brins o. ,n,\thnr,r.l ., rr',.dl.dr.i-F ..\ r.. nr'triggds.rc: all.rgc.\, c(,1.1 an exer.ise, iooos,sre$j rrd ccrlrir nredi.ad)n\.
l. Viful citlcitt b the nrxltrum aDo!nr of air drat.an be m,!ed luo rnd our of rbt k\r;rnrvslred n r tnglc cPi rion. It is calculated bvrddnrg rogcrhcr thc i.\pirrnI rerrve, .\pir.rorrr.scr!c. ind dre tiJal volLnes.
.+. thc rln.c nrcrho,ls hv \yhich tlt bod-! tr.Dsl](rtscarbon Jioxi{le in i}Ie blood arc: disdvctl intl.\mr; bourd io h.mo!,lobin rvithin the reLl
b1(x)J !ellr .or\..riral ro c!'lri.ic rcid {rl,(l()rl.
MATCH NGLf2. ll
LABEL NG EXERCISE ]6 ]
1.t 3.F 5.A2. C .1. I1 5. l)
LABELING EXERCISE 16-2
1.C 3. ,^ 5.D 6. 1: 7. Ll
12.13.t4.15.
2t.22.23.24.25.
t,2.L
5.
7.
9.10.11.12.11.1.1.
15.
77.1rJ.
79.20.
d.nrin 25.thrrtnr 16.c$fh!su\ 2.7.dcsluntnD 28.esofhrgitf 29.chyne 30.Asclrcs 31.Glsirccrreriri\ 32.snntlt column"r 33.150() nrl 1.,1.
rna$ic idcror, 35.hrdrocbloric r.id 36.rcnnin 37.sasrfie ul.eh 38.intcsrinll 39.smrll ,nte\tme .10.
21. fl.de
2.{. C!srric inl,ibitor}
7. Ll
8.J
13. J1;1. D o/ P15. Cl
16. )1
!r:rJLr! rrJson tducrooo. ln...1,rr,,r . frr noro31 for E,,.rs.q .: n tr!1d
2. t. ,1. (;
LABELING EXERCISE 16-3
1.O 5. I 9.2.K 6.H 10.3.C 7.E 11.:1. B 8. l./D 12.
N
LL
228 ANAToNIY & PH].srolocy FoR EMERcENcy CARE
LABEL NG EXERC SE ]6 4l.c 3. (i 5. 1: 7. I 9. Il2.t LA b.j 8. l' 10.
LABEL NG EXERC 5E 16 5
l.K 6.() 11. I 16. G 21.2. \f 7. A 12. E 17. | 22.3.c 8.S 13. R 18. X 23.,r. T 9. U 11. .l 19. D 21.5. Q 10. \\' 15. V 20. l
B 26. I 31. A 36. C 17.c 27. D 32. D 37. D 12.B 28. C 33. C 38. C 13.
^ 29. D 3.1. C 39. D 41.
A 30. D 35. Il .{0. B 45.
L)ats
I)D
2t.22.23.
NHL
FILL N THE BLANK
l. lipids 13. Dcaminarion2. ao.Dzrmcs 1.+. k.ronc bodics3. o{lgen 15. ketosis.1. celhrlar respiratn,n 15. hifersly.edia5. NAD 17. 200 mlrdl.6. .hrnri.sno\is 18. \1nreful\7. All'srnrh.* 19. Veflri.ke!8. ..rbor d1oxide .rc.ph.loparhri9. lipogcncsis KoFdkoff\
10. goorl cholester,l synrk,ne11. viramin 86 20. radianon
SHORT ANSWER
1. IJ!.icral cclls secrcrc inrrinsic iacn, an,lh-rrln,chloric aeirJ. The intrinsic faci(r fa.iliiare\the absorpnon of vliarnln ll1: nuo dr irtesinre.I lldro.hlorc rcid lorvers the pH of the gastnc
tuicc, rvhich k.cps rbc pH of sronuch coDtcrrsbetqeen 1.5 and 2.0. Thn acirlity helps killbacrerir. break down plant cell rvalls anrlconnectrve trsres found in nert, rnd a.tivate iheprplrogdr ther 6 releds.d from rhe.hi.fcells.
(ihief.ells secreie i riotelr c.lledPcp!no8.n. wh.n PcPlnogcn comcs in conracrrith tfc hyJrcchloric aeirl, the rciJitv conrertsthe rcrsirosen nn) the proreolltic enzrne pefnn.
2. ll-, { ,'r.{.holec]'sroklui,.!d g.srricnrhibirorl tcprid..Gasffn dids in ljscsrior bI brcikins downproicins and s Dularcs rhc producrion of rcids!fd cnTrmcs. Sc.fetlr ir!.cases the recretbn ofbile rnd bufien br the pancreas ancl hrerCholecy*okinin accelerates the proJuroon anJr.retior of ell tvpes oi direnlvc.rzlm.s rrdcd!scs rhc sallbl!ddcr ro rcl.!sc srorcd bilc rrorlF luodcnunr. a,a5rrie inhibitorv fcfrnlc (CIP)inhibirs grsrric acivirr and srimulates the relerseof i.{l,n i..n the fan.rean. ,slets.
3. The ntrj(rirv,,f rerti. ulcen are careJ bl eithernonsteroidal.rii nflanrnatd) rnedi..iions, r.id-(!!ul.rnrsproducrs likc.lcohol or nicorin.. orbr rh. b..rcri! Hdlr.orr.rrr py,/orr. Ihc iirsttrvorrc frirl-r tasl r, treat because rhe rrticnts r.en)lJ n).li\.onnnue tak,ns ihe meJi..oons ddr.id \tioulanng froducs ard the s) piontrun,rll) go .$ay. \ew rese.rch his shoNn th.rorcr 80 p.rc.nr of allp.riric ulccrs arc acnrallv.iun'd by thc b..rcri. H./,abdder p!loh.I'dri.nrs.r. frt on antacid5 ard intibiorics.f!administered t, killthe bacteria rather thanmerclf tfe!t the parient\ sln|n)h\.
,1. lUillorr Vtbs \r.drone is ar.sopha8..llac.r!rion nost oircr sccn fiom !lcohollc livc.d.mdrc. lhc danag. lo rhc.vrphasus i5 usualltca!sc(l rco..hrl nr romitirg, Il not rrtated, trrefireatening or drincult to eonrolhenorrhise .in
5. The three phrses inrolved nr ga$n. se.renon.rerlr c.ph.lic, srsrric,.nd inr.! ul rnr!scs.
Chapter l7
13. B1:1. C15. (:16. ll
MATCHING1.F 3.H 5. I2. (; ,1. ,\ 6. J
LABELING EXERC SE 17-1
1. F.F.H.orl 5. f.,F.H,o/l 9. f.,r,H.orJ2.A 6. (l 10. E.f.H.orJ3. (; 7. 1 11. K,1. ll E. L)
SHORT ANSWER
l. Clreolrsis is thc brcakdoun ofglurore into prruv,cacir1. The mrin iuncti<rr ofglrcolrsls is r, generaterhe rrruvi. rcid rhI ihen enrers the [,.irbor\1,.dcd (IcA)qc].. Clvcol_rsis do.s lor rcquircoFs.! ibr rhtr brclkdo\rn io occur, and itgcfcrlrcs. n.r gein of lllo,\TIJ nroleeulcs durifg
Thc TCI e'ele f€quire\ o\vgen rnd isr*ponsible foL the rnoval oi hrJrcgor aon'br ihe.oen,!nes cot,r.r!.le rdeture.lnucleoflde INAD] .!d ildvnr. ad. !'dinuclcoridc (FAI)). Thcsc aro cocnzvn,es ionr\ADH and FADH: ,nd trnner the h"Jn,genr,r'.I r\' |.r',,'r',.r.rr'\{ T IT\.
\yhi.h b the nost inportrnt e.ha {n for theg.rei.t1o! ol,\l|.
2. (.1' .,, i r r '. r\' r-..1o,.1. .r .,'rcsponsiblc ior rh. producrion oi ATP.
3. l laek oforvgen ls rcftdcJ to as hlpo\ir. Sn,rcorlgcn is t*cntial for the nitorhonrlrir toprodu.e ATl, hvpoxir inh,bnr or \tots thr TC,{crclc.!d rhe ct.ctror trdrspori s_vsrcm, whichrh.rcbl srops rirc llrochondrii from producingdr. -12 molccul.! ofATP ir norrrrllvsou|(l.
.{. Dtaminariof tretarts a. trnn,o rcid nrbrrakdo$n in thr TCr\ crcle.I)c!n,nr!io.retu)re\ rn am'no g()up that then generate\ in
Tr!nsamlfario. 5 rbc cr.!rbr of a ncsaDlfo !cid b.! rilachlfg lhc amino srcut ot anrmino r.id e, lnorher .rrbon .hrin.1.". r"rr.r.1... . .,\ 'r\- , I
ahino r.ids nee{led f.,r protein s}nthcsi\.5. H)pglicemlr ; .n lnidcquit. .liour of
arailaLnc glucosc lor thc cclls: {hcrcrshvpcrgllconi. is !n .rccss r. lnrounr ofrv!ibble sluro\e.
7.B 9,D8. c 10. I:
MULT PLE CHOICE
] C 5.! 9.2.ts 6.8 r0.3.C 7.D 11.1.D 8.B 12.
alirr$ P..u!n fdrdri, i .
BD
C
D
17,18.
t0.
rrn -tl. lrli-L4..tn .h )).rrJ. Atrstvcr Kcy 229
Chapter l8
1. Hcmodiallsn is the mosi comn,on rlte of{l,alvsis unt ro rr.!r aeure renal failLde. Thcp.trnt is rtiachcJ h i ma.hine n which hist'lood conrc\ in.()ntici *ith. larB.scmiptNerble nembr.lc. On rhc ott(xire \ideoi rhe senip.rd.dblc n,cmbrane is a specialtzcd,lirlvsate s.lurion rli.r is hvpo rrmnl for\uh\td..s rh.r n,usr be .emdeJ fron thc t(,ou.
u..r. .. ., . rL , r. n\., r.. ,f |rE .
subsranc.5llftuse inn, rhe dlrhsrtu'. Ihc fcr
?J0 A"\AToMy & PHysrolocy FoR EM€RGENCY
effed of dirlrs,s is ihe cotccrion oi clcctrolvrerc" r r rrr, '.' u I ooJ 'oh.r:. .r J .l' rn ""'of tot,. substirc.s such as urea or c.eatin'ne.lo p.,l' nr \hu - .tur'.. ,r,r ' l .r ^J .' ' r..vascul.r shurr, *hich is .rpable of handlinsblood llow ol i00 -400 ftL per nlnute, is pl.ccdberueen a suiteble tin rnd .ffcrv for didlvsi\
The ictiors of drrial fatriu.eric peptidc (ANP)otposc thc cifecrs of the ren,n ingiotensnrslstem.lt n released bv irrial c.rdiac muscle,,''rl. .\'.,' .|,r',,Jboodpn...,.'r.n!) hish. ,{Nl'decreas.s rhc rdrc ol odium ionr€ab\orprior n rbc distalconvoluted tubrle.
'.h.hr-',16 n n.(r,.. 'rJori{ \. I r5ur!r.. ,\NI'!l$ dilates rhe sl.nerulir.:1 'l,r'.."\r.| -..1 'rrr"-cr..Je"r'"r 'rfiltf,t(,n and urdrr\ wdr.r lo$t ard inrctivafu5the rer$ingiorcnsnr svsrcnr rhn)ugh the:.1 rrrorofrrr,.J..,r"r-..'' r'J ' r.t.hormon. (ADH) sce.cihn. The net result i! rr
dccclcrarcJ loss of n,Jiun bns and ir intc.scin rhr rolnne of urme rroduccd. Ihiscombinatrcn Lrvers blood rolLrmc !nd blood
Thc mdlor sign of srmrt{,m oi kidnei no^es is
ri...\1... r\.r1. p r 1 l, r r ..l*.r,4^fl.'\.' \J! ,r. \'\ ''l T. , I r " ,.
rl .l \1 L, 'n) 60 dirures tr progc$cs ro ar e{rremelv
sh,rr pain that mev reD.ir in c iiank ordig te dolvrw.rd and enterior'1" tdvaLJ thegroin. As. rulc. firients sith k,dnev $ones.anror l.v srill. Tlrer (,ntinuousl) trole or p.ccduc n) rhe nnrelennng nrture of rhc !!in. Smrc\,l-. Jg I r\ .r' l l IrL r,,.{r\i
'the bhdder \i'all. oftcn crusc eharareri*rcbl.dder s-lmproms su!l, rs freqnen.v dunrs thedav or d!.ing die nishr lnocturirl, urtcrct .nn
l ', r,' . .,J .'. .
n"n. rb.r . -rj' or lo' "f bi'a'b r -. ( .r.include l..tic dcidostr (fro,r poor perfusbn). renalfailuic. or Jiaberic ketolcidols. The buffersvsltms attenr to compss.t.. ltcsliirlf ons afcincreared ar the pH ialls, rvhich rcsuh5 inelimimrn)n of CO:. Thc rcn.l s-lston \ccfekse\ce\s hvdroger rons-
\lei.bolic dlkdlosis is duc ro rn in..e.se inblcarbonaic or ro c{lesrive l(^s of neraholicrcids. aauscs includ€ tn)longed ronirttg,gasrrcinr$inal \u.nonng, exccssiv. bic!rbonrrcintake, or d,detic rh.rupr Vonririns and
;.., ,,(r r' n..r or''!..'r. JJ l* '.,.rcds. \rhich ulrimatch 1e!.1\ n, netabolic
'lhc fivc esc rclated.hanses thit o.cur ro rhcurinarr sy*en in the eklerlr ert:!. r Je.lnre n thc n!!rbcr of turcrional
b. i rcducrio. in the slome.ular f,lr.tor
.. a reJu.ed srnlriv1$ io arriliufeic h,rmoneIADlI) ard rldostcron.i
d. problers wlrh ih. micluriti( retle\i ande. e dccrcls. in toril bodv
alrll3 lttr6on Edr.:iron, ln..A"rhn,' a. 1'h\ !.1.s ,.r E"rnE(
MULTIPLE CHOICE
l.D 12. n 2l.2. Lr 11. C 21.3.B 14. B 25..{. C 15. lt 26.5.A 16. A 2.7.6. Lr 17. B 28.7. tt 18. D 29.8.ts 19. B 30.9.8 20. D 31.
10. D 21. Lr 12.11. B 22. <a 3-1.
F LL IN THE BLANK
3. co(.r.nd pYramid5.{. !lfcrcnr i.Ieriole
8. (ie.nre fhosphrcORDER NG EXERCISE
1. (i Lt 5.2.L .1. A 6.
c 3,{. c ,15. B,{ 35. C :15. CD 36. D :17. At\ 37. (" 48. C! 38. c ,{9. AA 19. ll 50. IJ
Ll .10. c 51. (lD .11. B 52. At ,12. A 53. Dc ,1t. C 5,1. Aa ,1.1. (l 55. t)
12. Resp;dror-! !cidos(13. rern!.rl8lolorsi.
MATCHING1.D 3. Ll2-E ,1. A
I)B
5. l 7. (: 9. 1
6.8 8.f 10. G
G 9.J 11. r1,\ 10. (: 12. L
B 7. 1 9.Ec LH
lt 9. a. 11. rJ r0. L 12. I
l.
L
LABEL NG EXERCISE 18 1
] I ,1. K 7.2. B 5. t: ri.3.D 5.L
LABEL NG EXERCISE 18 21.C 3.A 5.2.f ,t. D 5.
LABELING EXERC SE 1 8-3t. B :1. r\ 7.2.K 5.D 8.3.H 6. (;
LABELING EXERCI5E 18-4
1.C 1.L 7.2. 1 5. ,'\ 8.3.F 6. \I 9.
LABEL NG EXERCISE 18-5
1. ll 3.G 5.2.E ,1. I 6.
SHORT ANSWER
G 10. J 12. HD 11. U 13. F
(i 7. I 9. r1
D 8.H
CARE
Chapter '19 l. setualh rransmrftcd discds.s {STDS)!.c infecnonscont.acred bl inrimdtc or scxual contact. In dreUmrcd Sr.tcs, drc mosr co,nnron sTDs arechhn,!dia, gononhe!. str'hilis, gentril $aits. andhcrpcs 5inrfle\ Ylrus, trte 2-
.1. c(nnbinfin,n birth .onirol pills.an sorsenrroblen\ associ.ted \i'1rh serer. hvpcffcDsion.J.,ba., n' 1,.,. . p,l,p).i'll_Jdd-d,....hcdn rroublc, and acnc. Thcy cu rlso in.rca*the risk nr venous thronbos,s. trokts.rulnondy enbolism, and (for worNr orcr -l-t)
5. Testl.ular toAion usudllv compronriscs bloodsuppl-! ro rhc rcsriclc dnd rcsuks ir sc'ere scrctlldd abdoDinalpdin. ifcmcrscncy su.scr! is notpcrformcd wnhln sir hours. the tesicle naf be ldt.
Chapter 20
MULT PLE CHO CE
1. c 11. lr 21. t)2.D 12. C 22. C3. C 13. ll 23. A4. C 1,1. D 2.{. C5.C 15. B 25. C6.B 16. c 26. A7. lJ 17. Il 27. L\
E. C 18. ll 28. C9. C 19. L) 2.9. t)
10. r\ 20. I) 30. A
F LL IN THE BLANK
3. lasricul.r io6ior
8. ioresknr oi pn'!!cc
31. B32. lJ33. D34. Bt5. (l36. C37. D38. ,\39. C,10. (:
15. Peg
17. pchic nJl.mnarory
20. l ertllitv
4r. c42. L).13. I)
.15. (l46. L)47. tJ48. B.19. I)50. (l
MATCHING
1.E 3.H 5.B 7. (a 9. (i2.t .1. l 6. 1 8.D 10. r
LABELING EXERCISE ]9 1
LABELING EXERCISE 19 2
1.8 3. (i 5.4 5.t 7.C2.. L ,1. l)
LABELING EXERCISE 19 3
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. (: 8. D 15. B 22. ll 29. a2.4 9.C 15. C 21. B 30.43. C 10. C 17. D 21. ,\ ll. C.1. A tl. l) 18. D 25. D 32. B
5.L 12. A 19. B 26. D 31. B
6. B 13. B 20. D 27. {a 3.1. L)7. D 1,1. c 21. C 28. Ir 35. a
13. .onrflete rborilo.1,1. tltfupruncaboritonr5..llcl.s
17. Trivrnr\ 21 o. D,^!n
18. Kl,nefrher srrdrome
10. Abruprio placcnr,.
FILL IN THE BLANK
2. Pol.rsrcrmv
5. l.top,. pregmrcv
9. !e\arean r.tn)n
MATCHING
t.D 3. r 5.2.H LJ 6.
LABELING EXERCISE 2O-1
t.G LB 7.2.,\ 5.r 8.-1. H 6. (: 9.
1. C .{. r1 7. rv r0. F 13. I2.K 5.H 8. I 11. I l:1. G-1. F 6.n 9.A 12. B
P 11. I 1,{. \1r 12. o 15. cA l-1. 8 16. K
1. l2. ()
5.D 8.6.N 9.
LL 7.F 10.
7. (a 9. (;E.[ 10. I
JT]K
II
N 1r. lL 1;1. I1F 15. (l
lu,ll.t2.
LABELING EXERC15E ]9 41. (: 5. l\l 9. R 13. D 16. E2. K 6. 1l 10. A 1,1. N 77. L3.r 7.P 1r.O 15. I 18. C.1.r 8.H 12. Q
5HORT ANSWER
1. Pnrpbn i\ i fblo.g.d, lm.llr !.!iful, pcnil.erecrion ih.r is not associ.tcd Bith scxurl rrousrl.Ir,s rssocier.d wlrh sickl. c.ll dncdsc, sflulco(llriur!, spinrl !nc\rhcsla, lcukdnia, an.l J, us\-
2. !(hen an egg ir releaserl irod the ovarr. a .orfuslureun ev* is often left in its fla.e. O.casio llv.(r\ts Jevelopn ep.nd.rrof ovuldrion. Yhcf rc\ n rupt!rcs. a lnull !nrornt of blooJ spills int,th. dbdomcn, \'hich c!. edusc aLrdon,i.!lfainand tcbound tcnJcmess. A fatienr with r rupturcdersr is liktlv n).omfh,n oino{lerrte to severeunilrtcral abrlomlnrl pain, wh,.h mir.iJiart o
'41003 Petr6on Edu.i.on, ln.Anrbn'r c thllrlrs | | r rn. */r.t lirr..l,,l ?J
LABELING EXERCISE 20 2r. l 1.( 7.o 10.2. ,\o/F 5. l\I 8. (l 11.3. D 6. B 9. A.rF12.
5HORT ANSWER1. E.ror,. fregr.ni nost oit€r prewrrs .s
abdolurdl p.in, which sr:rts rs Jlfiuse ttnJerre'sand thcn bolizcs as a shrrp prin in the L*erabJoninal quaJrant rn the affected srle. Thlpain is rhe r, mpnre ofthe fillopi.r rub. \rh.rthe fetus oursrows rhc.!.ilaHc sp!cc. Thcruftured iellorl.r iub. dls.bdormll Nccdlrg. ;\s rhis blccllifs eonrinue\.rh..bJon,cr bcconrrs risi.l rnd the prin!rr..sifi.s arJ is oftrn fcfcrred t, dre rhoull- ",'
A|:tL,er Ke1 231
rhe affe.ted side. The prin is often rc.onpiniedbl sln.ope, \ig,nal bleding, ind sho.k. The\!om.! also ni! report ihdt she lNnt a periodoi ft.i h.r l.sr mcnstrualpcriod (LIUI')occutrcd
CfaYldiq l, pa.iry 2 {CrP:), \i! \,{\r, .${\.J' -rl 'lni t.tl.,' "r r, gl.'rJ.ll. t. rg.r.tl
'lnpact.d rl!'!ro( ar. drc hlss dnd pdncr..s.Prticnts wuh sickle ccllJiscasc arc oiten irequcnt!isiro$ lo hostir!lrmcrsencv detartnrents. at
ther pern i.allr dev€lot \rckle cell crnis. in wnrcnblood florv to snJl blo.d vesels in organs
'uch.s rhc bones.rd spleen become occluded. slckleccllcrisis can bc cxrrcniclr ridllful, rcquirns hishdoscs of narcodcs ro achicvc p.in conuol.
5. The urerus ot a sufinc paricnr ln latc trcgn!nc}na) .onrpre$ rhe infernr vena cara anrl rerlur.the venou\ retun to rhc heaft. This br) indu.ehvporcnsion n rhc uninjurcd p.r.nt,!d h.veseverc consequcnfs in d,c hcmotrhlging rraunra
2,3.
Comprehensive Exam Answer Key
Murrrprr Crrorcr1. B2.D:l_ D.1. Di_ Ll
7.48.D
11. cl.l. Dl .l. Dli. (:
1r. I18. B19. (.t0. B21. (:2t. (i2-1. t)2.i. c2t. c26. B2-. C28. lr29. <a
.clt. B3:. (l
-l t, l)
l;. c.18. c:19. B
40. D41. (l42. (a
.4i. ll14. l)
47. C48. Il,19. B$. (l51. D52. ll5.1. A5,1. C5-t. c56. L)
i8. B
61. D62, t)61. c64. D6t. c
67. B
68. C
-0. Drt. c;2. ll
7.+. r)7i. I);6. (l77. L\18. 1l
;9. Bt0_ BE1. (lE2_ Cril. u8,1. D8J. C86. D87. t)8rJ. L)89. a
9r. c92. (l9i. Ll
9i. L
97. B9li. c
100. c
al]]r)L 3 !(tr{r fJu\i(nn,. r(.
^,rhrl' : t'rjtrttt! tn t:,i?tEt,tt t:.n, ),t.12J2 ANAToMY & PHYSIoLocY roR EMERGENCY CAR!
