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WILD EDIBLE LEAFY VEGETABLES OF MONSANG TRIBE MANIPUR STATE
M. Roma Devi & P.K. SinghAssociate Professor, Department of Botany, Kha Manipur
College, Kakching, Manipur & Professor, Department of Life Sciences, Manipur
University, Canchipur.Email: [email protected]
INTRODUCTION
Plants are very useful to us in many items. They are taken as Fibre, dye, household materials, timber, food like vegetable, fresh fruit, spices, beverage etc. and they are used as medicine in different diseases viz., cold, cough, fever, dysentery, hypertension, stomachache, leucorrhoea, diabetics, jaundice etc.
In this paper deals with the wild edible leafy vegetable plants used by the Monsang Tribes of Manipur State. This tribe is one of the 38 recognized tribes of the state. they speak ‘Monsang’ which is a sub-family of Tibeto-Burman language but for communication with different communities of the state, Manipuris language is used.
This study reported 66 plant species belonging to 36 families and 52 genera. Some of these plants have multiuser i.e they are used as medicine to treat some dieases.
METHODOLOGYTraditional and indigenous knowledge on plant resources of
many villages of Monsang Naga tribe is collected orally and as written documents. The plants used by these tribe are observed personally from the village chiefs, healers, old men etc. Local names of different plant varieties found in forest and market are also studied. Market surveys were conducted following the method of Singh et al. (1988). The ethnobatanical survey was taken into consideration with that of Rao and Hajra (1986). Collection of plant specimens were processed in field, identified, documented and made into herbarium specimens as per method of Jain and Rao (1977). The plant specimens were identified by comparing the published literatures of Singh & Arora (1978), Deb (1961a & 1961b) Sinha (1987), Kanjilal et al., (1934-40) & Singh et al., (2004). The herbarium of the plant specimens were deposited in the Ecology and Environmental Science Department, Assam University and Life Sciences Department, Manipur University.
The phytochemical analysis was carried out following the method given by Kapoor et al., 1969.
Table 3.3: Name of the plant taken for biochemical analysis, their families, date & place of collection, condition and parts used
Name of the plants Family Locality (place of collection)
Condition of the plant materials
Parts used
Acmella oleracea (Wall. ex DC.) R.K. Jansen
Apiaceae Tupul Air dried Shoots
Cissus adnata Roxb. Vitaceae Noney Air dried Leaves
Cissus discolor Blume Vitaceae Langthabal-Khoupum
Air dried Leaves
Clerodendrum colebrookianum Walp.
Verbenaceae Chingmeirong Air dried Leaves
Curcuma anguistifolia Roxb.
Zingiberaceae Heibunglok Air dried Flowers
Hedychium greenii Smith Zingiberaceae Monsang Pantha Air dried Rhizome
Litsea cubeba Pers. Lauraceae Japhou Air dried Fruits
Oroxylum indicum Vent. Bignonaceae Japhou Air dried Pods
Pavetta indica L. Rubiaceae Tamenglong Air dried Leaves
Pimpinella rhetsa C.B. Clarke
Apiaceae Monsang Pantha Air dried Whole plants
Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC
Rutaceae Noney Air dried Leaves
Zehneria scabra (L.) Sonder
Cucurbitaceae Heibunglok Air dried Whole plats
The antimicrobnial test was carried out following the modified filter paper disc method given by Vincet and Vincet (1944).
Table 3.4: Medicinal plants species used for analysis of antibacterial activities.
ID No.
Name of plant species Place /date of collection
Part used
1 Phlogacanthus thyrsiformis Nees
Japhou. 1.4.2009 Leaf
2 Andrographis paniculata Nees
Heibunglok. 5.8.2010 Leaf
3 Vitex trifolia L. Liwa Changning. 16.6 2010
Leaf
4 Potentilla canadensis L. Monsang Pantha. 3.5.2011
Leaf
5 Artemisia nilagirica (C.B. Clarke) Pump.,
Monsang Pantha. 17.10.2010
Leaf
RESULTS
This paper studies 66 wild edible leafy vegetable plants which belong to 36 families and 52 genera. Some of the reported plants are given in the following
Cycas pectinata
Antidesma acidum
Ceratopteris thalictroides
Cissus discolor
Cissus adnata
Aponogeton natan
Plantago erosa
Rhynchotechum ellipticum
Polygonum barbatum
Ardisia colorata
Rhus semialata
Elsholtzia blanda
Gnaphalium leuteo-album
Camellia sinensis
Centella asiatica
Portulaca oleracea
Emilia sonchifolia
Ficus tjakela
Pimpinella hastata
Celtis timorensis
Brassiopsis polycantha
Polygonum perfoliatum
Table 4.3.1: Results of phyto-chemical screening of Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Saponins and Tannins present in the test samples.
Name of plants Plant parts Alkaloids Flavonoids Saponins Tannins
Cissus adnata Roxb. Leaves + + + + + + +
Cissus discolor Blume Leaves + + + + +
Clerodendrum colebrookianum Walp.
Leaves + + + + +
Curcuma anguistifolia Roxb.
Flowers + + _ +
Hedychium greenii Smith.
Rhizomes + + + _ +
Litsea cubeba Pers. Fruits + + + + + + + +
Oroxylum indicum Vent Fruits + + + + + + _ + +
Pavetta indica L. Leaves + + + + + + +
Pimpinella hastate C.B. Clarke
Above ground parts _ + + + +
Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC
Leaves _ + + + + +
Zehneria scabra (L.) Sonder
Whole plants + + + +
Table 4.4.1: Zone of inhibition formed against the test organisms by the discs containing medicinal plant extracts.
Sl. No.
Test organisms Diameter in zone inhibition in mm
Phlogacanthus thyrsiformis
Andrographis paniculata
Vitex trifolia
Potentilla canadensis
Artemisia nilagirica
1 Salmonella typhi 20.30 8.00 17.00 6.00 10.00
2 Klebseila pneumonia
15.80 7.00 10.00 9.50 12.00
3 Staphylococcus epidermedis
10.50 8.00 10.50 8.00 12.50
4 Bacillus subtilis 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Table 4.4.2: Inhibition zones formed by known antibiotic (i.e. Penicillin, Chloramphenicol, Streptomycin and Tetracyclin) discs against four human pathogens.
Sl. No.
Test organisms Diameter in zone inhibition in mm
Penicillin Chloramphenicol
Streptomycin
Tetracycline
1 Salmonella typhi 18.00 14.00 16.50 7.10
2 Klebseila pneumonia
17.50 16.50 10.50 15.00
3 Staphylococcus epidermedis
24.00 22.00 19.00 20.00
4 Bacillus subtilis 25.00 20.30 15.00 10.00
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