Wikipedia's Featured Article - 2014-10-05 - Mom & Me & Mom

8/11/2019 Wikipedia's Featured Article - 2014-10-05 - Mom & Me & Mom

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Mom & Me & Mom

Mom & Me & Mom (2013) is the seventh and nal bookin author Maya Angelou 's series of autobiographies . Thebook was published shortly before Mothers Day and An-gelous 85th birthday. It focuses, for the rst time in herbooks, on Angelous relationship with her mother, VivianBaxter. The book explains Baxters behavior, especiallyBaxters abandonment of Angelou and Angelous olderbrother when they were young children, and lls in whatare possibly the nal blanks in Angelous eventful life. [1]

The book also chronicles Angelous reunion and reconcil-

iation with Baxter. Angelou was well-respected as a poetand writer, and was one of the rst African-American fe-male writers to openly discuss her life through autobiog-raphy.

Mom & Me & Mom is an overview of Angelous life andrevisits many of the same anecdotes she relates in her pre-vious books. The rst section, entitled Mom & Me,centers on Angelous earlyyears, before theage of 17, andher transition from resentment and distrust of her motherto acceptance, support, and love towards her. After Bax-ter helps her through the birth of her son, Angelou goesfrom calling Baxter Lady to Mom. In the books sec-

ond section, entitled Me & Mom, Angelou chroniclesthe unconditional love, support, and assistance they gaveto each other, as Baxter helps her through single mother-hood, a failed marriage, and career ups and downs. Asshe had begun to do in I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings ,and continued throughout her series, Angelou upheld thelong traditions of African-American autobiography. Atthe same time she made a deliberate attempt to challengethe usual structure of the autobiography by critiquing,changing, and expanding the genre. She had become rec-ognized and highlyrespected as a spokesperson for Blacksand women. Angelou was, as scholar Joanne Braxton hasstated, without a doubt, ... Americas most visible blackwoman autobiographer. [2] She had also become a ma-jor autobiographical voice of the time. [3]

Like Angelous previous autobiographies, Mom & Me &Mom received mostly positive reviews. Most reviewersstate that Baxter is presented well in the book. Angeloucelebrates the unconditional acceptance and support ofher mother, who comes across as a street-smart, caringwoman who shaped the authors life and legacy by herwords and example. [4] The book has been called a pro-foundly moving tale of separation and reunion, and anultimately optimistic portrait of the maternal bond. [1]

Pictures of Angelou, Baxter, and members of their familyappear through the book and enhance the text. An audioversion, read by Angelou, was released in CD form and

as a digital download.

1 Background

Mom & Me & Mom (2013) is the seventh of Maya An-gelou 's series of autobiographies . It was completed 11years after the publication of her previous autobiogra-phy, A Song Flung Up to Heaven (2002), [note 1] and over

thirty years after she wrote her rst autobiography, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1969). Mom & Me& Mom , in which Angelou relates her relationship withher mother Vivian Baxter, was published shortly beforeMothers Day [6] and Angelous 85th birthday. In the timeperiod between the publication of her sixth and seventhautobiographies, Angelou was the rst African-Americanwoman and living poet selected by Sterling Publishing ,who placed 25 of her poems in a volume of their Po-etry for Young People series in 2004. [7] In 2009, Angelouwrote We Had Him, a poem about Michael Jackson ,which was read by Queen Latifah at his funeral, [8] andwrote His Day is Done, a poem honoring Nelson Man-dela after his death in 2013. [9] She published a book ofessays, Letter to My Daughter , in 2009, and two cook-books, Hallelujah! The Welcome Table in 2004 andGreat Food, All Day Long in 2010. During this period,she was awarded the Lincoln Medal in 2008 [10] and thePresidential Medal of Freedom in 2011. [11]

President Barack Obama presenting Angelou with thePresidential Medal of Freedom , 2011

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2 2 PLOT SUMMARY

Angelou had become recognized and highly respected asa spokesperson for Blacks and women [12] and was, asscholar Joanne Braxton has stated, without a doubt, ...Americas most visible black woman autobiographer. [2]

She had also become a major autobiographical voiceof the time. [3] Angelou was one of the rst African-American female writers to publicly discuss her per-sonal life, and one of the rst to use herself as a centralcharacter in her books. [13] Writer Julian Mayeld, whocalled her rst autobiography a work of art that eludesdescription, [13] stated that Angelous series set a prece-dent not only for other Black women writers, but for thegenre of autobiography as a whole. [13] Scholar Hilton Alscalled Angelou one of the pioneers of self-exposure,willing to focus honestly on the more negative aspects ofher personality and choices. [13] For example, while An-gelou was composing her second autobiography, Gather Together in My Name , she was concerned about how her

readers would react to her disclosure that she had been aprostitute. Her husband Paul Du Feu talked her into pub-lishing the book by encouraging her to tell the truth as awriter and to be honest about it. [14]

For the rst time, Angelou focuses on her relationshipwith her mother in this book, and lls in what reviewerFiona Sturges calls possibly the nal blanks in Angelouseventful life. [1] According to Candace Smith, who re-viewed the audio version of the book for Booklist , An-gelou and Baxters relationship was touched upon butnever fully described in Caged Bird , but Mom & Me &Mom explains Baxters actions, especially the reasons she

sent Angelou and her older brother Bailey to live withtheir grandmother in Stamps, Arkansas . The book alsochronicles Angelous initial uncomfortable reunion andeventual reconciliation with Baxter. [4] Pictures of Bax-ter, Angelou, and their family and close friends appearthroughout the book and enhance the text. [15] An audioversion of the book, read by Angelou, was released inCD form and as a digital download. [16][4]

Angelou explains in the books prologue why she wrotethe book, which was to explain how she became, despitebeing born poor, Black, and female, a renowned authorand poet. The book is divided into two sections: the

rst 13 chapters are grouped into the rst section, calledMom & Me, and the remaining chapters make up thesecond section, called Me & Mom. Angelou thanks hermother, who generously taught me how to be a mother,which allowed her to dedicate the book to her son, GuyBailey Johnson, whom she calls one of the most coura-geous and generous men I know. [17]

2 Plot summary

Love heals. Heals and liberates. I use the word love , not

meaning sentimentality, but a condition so strong that itmay be that which holds the stars in their heavenly posi-tions and that which causes the blood to ow orderly in

our veins. This book has been written to examine someof the ways love heals and helps a person to climb impos-sible heights and rise from immeasurable depths.

Maya Angelou, in the prologue to Mom & Me & Mom [18]

Angelous mother, Vivian Baxter, was born in St. Louis,Missouri , at the turn of the 20th century, the oldest of sixchildren of her Trinidadian father and her Irish mother.Baxters family was violent, yet religious and musical.Baxter, who was to remain a startling beauty, [19] metAngelous father, Bailey Johnson, a dietitian and cook, in1924, upon Johnsons return from serving in World WarI. They married and moved to California, where Angelouand her older brother, Bailey, Jr., were born. When shewas three and Bailey was ve, their parents divorced andsent their children, by train with identication tags and noadult supervision, to live with their paternal grandmother,

Annie Henderson, in Stamps, Arkansas.Angelou and her brother lived with their grandmother andher son, Uncle Willie, until Angelou was thirteen. Theybriey visited their mother in St. Louis, but at the age ofeight Angelou was raped, and in retaliation the rapist waskilled by members of her family. She felt so guilty forhis death that she chose to stop talking to everyone butBailey for several years. They were sent back to Stamps,but when Bailey turned 14, they returned to their motherscare in San Francisco for his protection. At rst, Angelouwas resistant and angry towards her mother for abandon-ing her and Bailey, choosing to call her Lady, and ittook her several years to warm to her.

One summer, Bailey and Angelou made separate trips tovisit their father in San Diego , in what Kirkus Reviews called a seriously ugly meeting. [20] Angelou did not getalong with her stepmother. During her visit, her fathertook Angelou to Mexico; he became so drunk, she hadto drive him back across the border, even though she hadnever driven a car before. When they returned to SanDiego, Angelous stepmother cut Angelou with a pair ofscissors during an argument. Angelou chose to live onthe streets until her wound was healed. When she re-turned to San Francisco, she decided she wanted a jobas a streetcar conductor; at rst, she was not hired be-cause she was Black, but upon her mothers encourage-ment, she was persistent with the streetcar company untilshe became the rst Black to work on the railway. Baxterprovided security by following Angelou with a pistol.

When Angelou was seventeen, she became pregnant af-ter a one-time encounter with a neighbor boy. She toldBailey, who advised her to hide it from their mother andstepfather until she graduated from high school. Threeweeks before the birth of her son, she told them. Bax-ters reaction was to run a bath; as Angelou said, Inour family, for some unknown reason, we consider it anhonor to run a bath, to put in bubbles and good scents foranother person. [21] Baxter helped Angelou through thebirth; from then on, Angelou began to call her Mother,
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4 4 CRITICAL RECEPTION

composite of three or four people, because the essencein only one person is not sufficiently strong to be writ-ten about. [39] Although Angelou has never admitted tochanging the facts in her stories, she has used these factsto make an impact with the reader. As Hagen stated,One can assumethat 'theessence of the data' is present inAngelous work. [40] Hagen also stated that Angelou c-tionalizes, to enhance interest. [40] Angelous long-timeeditor, Robert Loomis, states that she could rewrite anyof her books by changing the order of her facts to makea different impact on the reader. [40] Like Caged Bird , theevents in Mom & Me & Mom and the rest of her auto-biographies are episodic and crafted as a series of shortstories, yet do not follow a strict chronology, somethingthat Angelou uses to compel her readers forward. [41] Say-ers agrees, saying that Angelou pays little attention tochronological order in the book. Sayers also states, Timeraces through this narrative. [27] Major characters, like

Angelous stepfather Daddy Clidell, disappear after theirinitial mention. [27] Even though Angelou repeats manyanecdotes found in her earlier autobiographies, the fo-cus in Mom & Me & Mom is on her mother; accordingto reviewer Stacy Russo, that focus makes this a dis-tinct addition to Angelous autobiographical writings. [42]

Reviewer Pam Kingsbury, who highly recommended thebook for all audiences, stated those familiar with An-gelous previous works will be rewarded with a morecomplete picture of her life, while new readers willdiscover a well-crafted and insightful introduction to theauthor. [16]

Critics have judged Mom & Me & Mom and Angelousother autobiographies in light of the rst, and Caged Bird generally receives the highest praise. [12] MarjorieKehe of The Christian Science Monitor , considers thebook a sequel to Caged Bird. [43] Many of the events de-scribed in Angelous previous autobiographies are re-visited in this one, some with more detail than oth-ers, such as her period of homelessness, which was de-scribed in Caged Bird, and her serious beating by herjealous boyfriend, which was rst disclosed in Letter toMy Daughter (2008), Angelous third book of essays. [1]

According to Fiona Sturges, who reviewed Mom & Me& Mom in the British publication The Independent , Asin her previous books, these tales are told with clear-sightedness and an absence of self-pity, and they are noless grim for their familiarity. Angelou has never beenone for orid prose, and here she maintains a precise andeconomical style which makes these bleak moments morevivid, like a lm from which you can't look away. [1] Say-ers states that major dramatic events, such as the incidentwhen Angelou was beaten, are delivered without muchamplication or further reference. [27]

Angelou describes her writing process as regimented. [12]

Beginning with Caged Bird , she has used the same writ-ing ritual for many years. [44] She gets up at ve in themorning and checks into a hotel room, where the staffhas been instructed to remove any pictures from the walls.

She writeson legal padswhilelyingon the bed, with a bot-tle of sherry, a deck of cards to play solitaire , Rogets The-saurus , and the Bible , and leaves by the early afternoon.She averages 1012 pages of material a day, which sheedits down to three or four pages in the evening. [45][note 3]

Angelou goes through this process to enchant herself,and as she said in a 1989 interview with the BBC, torelive the agony, the anguish, the Sturm und Drangextquotedbl. [47] She places herself back in the time sheis writing about, even during traumatic experiences likeher rape in Caged Bird , to tell the human truth abouther life. Angelou has stated that she plays cards to reachthat place of enchantment, to access her memories moreeffectively. She has stated, It may take an hour to getinto it, but once I'm in itha! Its so delicious! extquot-edbl She does not nd the process cathartic; rather, shehas found relief in telling the truth. [47]

4 Critical reception

Mom & Me & Mom debuted at number 8 on The NewYork Times bestseller list the week of its release, April 21,2013. [48] The book, like Angelous previous autobiogra-phies, received mostly positive reviews. Fiona Sturges,who reviews the book in the British publication The In-dependent , and reviewer Stacy Russo of Library Journal both state that Angelous readers would recognize manyof the passages in Mom & Me & Mom from her earlierautobiographies. [1][42] Bernardine Evaristo of the Britishpublication The Observer , in one of the few negative re-views of Mom & Me & Mom , calls the book a slight,anecdotal and badly edited book that rehashes storiesfrom previous memoirs. Evaristo questions the veracityof Angelous anecdotes, andstates that some of them con-tradict earlier versions. Evaristo also believes that Mom& Me & Mom undermines Caged Bird , which she calls aground-breaking triumph. [49]

According to reviewer Heid Erdrich, Mom & Me & Momdoes not center on Angelous childhood trauma, as de-scribed in Caged Bird , but rather constructs a portrait ofself via details of her relationship to themother who aban-doned her andwith whom she reunited as a teenager. Er-drich states that Angelous prose is very simply written,and calls her tone mostly light, even sweet, lled withaffection for her younger self. Erdrich states that eventhough it could have been written for young women ex-periencing the same difficulties Angelou faced, the bookdoes not preach, but presents Angelous life path scat-tered with enormous obstacles endured and conqueredthrough knowledge of self and a singular brand of motherlove. [50] Publishers Weekly agrees, stating, The lessonsand love presented here will speak to those trying tomake their way in the world. [41] Erdrich also states

that Angelous narrative of her hard-won love for herextraordinary mother is compelling, and that Angelouportrays Baxter as extraordinarily self-aware, liberated
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from what others might think, and independent beyondany feminist of her era and the stuff of ction but realand responsible in unexpected ways for the gift of her tal-ented daughter. [50]

Most critics feel that Baxter is presented well in Mom

& Me & Mom . Candace Smith, who reviews the au-dio version of the book, states that Angelou celebratesthe unconditional acceptance and support of her mother,who comes across as a street-smart, caring woman whoshaped the authors life and legacy by her words andexample. [4] Vanessa Bush of Booklist calls the book aloving recollection of a complicated relationship anda remarkable and deeply revealing chronicle of loveand healing. [15] Russo states that the book is a beau-tiful tribute to Baxters independent, vibrant, and coura-geous spirit. [42] Evaristo disagrees, and states that Bax-ter comes across as less rounded, less interesting, moresanctied and less credible than Angelou describes herelsewhere. [49] Sturges calls the book a profoundly mov-ing tale of separation and reunion, and an ultimately opti-mistic portrait of the maternal bond. The most interest-ing part of the book, according to Sturges, is Angelouscasual overturning of the idea of the mother who aban-dons her children as monstrous and inhumane. Sturgesalso says that Baxter is presented as unapologetic, charis-matic, independent, and resilient, traits that have seem-ingly been passed on to her daughter. [1] Reviewer Va-lerie Sayers insists that the scenes that depict Angeloushalting steps towards her forgiveness and acceptance ofher mother are among the best in the book. Sayers labels

Mom & Me & Mom an account of forgiveness, and likeAngelou and Baxter, just revealing enough, and prettyirresistible. [27] Like her mother expected from her, An-gelou expects her readers to move past their resentmentsand whatever was unbearable. Sayers also calls bothBaxter and Angelou a Large Dramatic Presence, andsays that Angelou matches her mothers spirit. [27]

According to Sayers, the book contains Angelous trade-mark good humor and erce optimism. [27] Kirkus Re-views states that true to Angelous style, her writing cutsto the chase with compression and simplicity, and thatit contains a extquotedbl calypso smoothness, urries and

showers of musicality between the moments of wicked-ness. Kirkus also calls the book a tightly strung, nelytuned memoir. [20] According to Candace Smith in herreview of the books audio version, Angelou performs itin her characteristic slow and thoughtful tones, and withcareful enunciation. Although some of her anecdotesare painful to hear, Angelou is unquestionably honest.Smith also states, Although her voice doesn't show muchoutward emotion, her words are so powerful and the sto-ries so fascinating that we remain riveted. [4]

Most critics agreed that the book would be popular withreaders familiar with Angelous writings and to her new

readers. Marjorie Kehe of The Christian Science Mon-itor, who calls it a story of redemption and a tenderread and a lovely tribute, [43] anticipates that Angelous

readers would delight in it. Russo predicts that due to An-gelous popularity and approachable writing, the bookwould have wide appeal for many readers. [42]

5 Explanatory notes

[1] At the time of Songs publication, it was considered thenal installment of her series of autobiographies. [5]

[2] Bailey Johnson, Jr., died in 2000 after a series ofstrokes. [24]

[3] Angelou describes the rst time she used legal pads towrite in Mom & Me & Mom .[46]

6 References

[1] Sturges, Fiona (30 March 2013). Review: Mom & Me& Mom, By Maya Angelou , The Independent (London,England). Retrieved 25 February 2014.

[2] Braxton, Joanne M. (1999). Symbolic Geography andPsychic Landscapes: A Conversation with Maya An-gelou. In Joanne M. Braxton, Maya Angelous I KnowWhy the Caged Bird Sings: A Casebook. New York: Ox-ford Press, p. 4. ISBN 0-19-511606-2 .

[3] Long, Richard (November 2005). Maya Angelou.Smithsonian 36 (8): 84.

[4] Smith, Candace (1 June 2013). Mom & Me & Mom.

Booklist , 109 (1920), p. 120.

[5] Gillespie et al., p. 175.

[6] Driscoll, Molly (13 May 2013). Maya Angelou: 'Mom& Me & Mom' explores a powerful mother-daughter dy-namic. The Christian Science Monitor . ISSN 0882-7729.Retrieved 25 February 2014.

[7] Maya Angelou Still Rises. CBS News. 11 February2009. Retrieved 25 February 2014.

[8] Harris, Dana (7 July 2009. Michael Jacksons mega-farewell. Variety . Retrieved 25 February 2014.

[9] Eby, Margaret(12 December2013). Maya Angeloupenspoem for Nelson Mandela: 'His Day is Done' extquotedbl ,New York Daily News. Retrieved 25 February 2014.

[10] Metzler, Natasha T. (1 June 2008). Stars perform forpresident at Fords Theatre gala , Fox News. AssociatedPress. Retrieved 25 February 2014.

[11] Norton, Jerry (15 February 2011). Obama awards free-dom medals to Bush, Merkel, Buffett , Reuters. Retrieved25 February 2014.

[12] Maya Angelou , Poetry Foundation. Retrieved 25February 2014.

[13] Als, Hilton (5 August 2002). Songbird: Maya Angeloutakes another look at herself , The New Yorker . Retrieved25 February 2014.
http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2002/08/05/020805crbo_books?currentPage=allhttp://www.newyorker.com/archive/2002/08/05/020805crbo_books?currentPage=allhttp://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/maya-angelouhttp://www.reuters.com/article/2011/02/15/us-obama-medals-idUSTRE71E60P20110215?feedType=RSS&feedName=topNewshttp://www.reuters.com/article/2011/02/15/us-obama-medals-idUSTRE71E60P20110215?feedType=RSS&feedName=topNewshttp://www.foxnews.com/story/2008/06/02/stars-perform-for-president-at-ford-theater/http://www.foxnews.com/story/2008/06/02/stars-perform-for-president-at-ford-theater/http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/music-arts/maya-angelou-pens-poem-nelson-mandela-article-1.1546083http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/music-arts/maya-angelou-pens-poem-nelson-mandela-article-1.1546083http://variety.com/2009/music/news/michael-jackson-s-mega-farewell-1118005738/http://variety.com/2009/music/news/michael-jackson-s-mega-farewell-1118005738/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/maya-angelou-still-rises/http://www.csmonitor.com/Books/chapter-and-verse/2013/0513/Maya-Angelou-Mom-Me-Mom-explores-a-powerful-mother-daughter-dynamichttp://www.csmonitor.com/Books/chapter-and-verse/2013/0513/Maya-Angelou-Mom-Me-Mom-explores-a-powerful-mother-daughter-dynamichttp://www.csmonitor.com/Books/chapter-and-verse/2013/0513/Maya-Angelou-Mom-Me-Mom-explores-a-powerful-mother-daughter-dynamichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0195116062http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/review-mom--me--mom-by-maya-angelou-8555064.htmlhttp://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/review-mom--me--mom-by-maya-angelou-8555064.htmlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calypso_musichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booklist


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6 7 WORKS CITED

[14] Lupton, p. 14.

[15] Bush, Vanessa (15 February 2013). Mom & Me &Mom. Booklist 109 (12), p. 17.

[16] Kingsbury, Pam (15 June 2013). Mom & Me & Mom.Library Journal , 138 (11).

[17] Angelou, dedication page.

[18] Angelou, p. x.

[19] Angelou, p. 8.

[20] Mom & Me & Mom (15 February 2013). Kirkus Re-views , 81 (4).

[21] Angelou, p. 73.

[22] Angelou, p. 205.

[23] Angelou, p. 22.

[24] Gillespie et al., p. 155.

[25] Lupton, p. 98.

[26] Lupton, pp. 2930.

[27] Sayers, Valerie (27 March 2013). extquotedblMom &Me & Mom, by Maya Angelou. The Washington Post.Retrieved 25 February 2014.

[28] Lupton, p. 30.

[29] Gilbert, Susan (1999). Paths to Escape. In JoanneM. Braxton, Maya Angelous I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings: A Casebook. New York: Oxford University Press,pp. 104105. ISBN 0-19-511606-2 .

[30] Cudjoe, Selwyn R. (1984). Maya Angelou and the Au-tobiographical Statement. In Mari Evans, Black WomenWriters (19501980): A Critical Evaluation . Garden City,New York: Doubleday, pp. 1011. ISBN 0-385-17124-2.

[31] Walker, Pierre A. (October 1995). Racial Protest, Iden-tity, Words, and Form in Maya Angelous I Know Whythe Caged Bird Sings. College Literature 22 (3): 91108.Retrieved 25 February 2014.

[32] A Song Flung Up to Heaven (Book) extquotedbl. Pub-lishers Weekly 249 (5): 61. 2 April 2002.

[33] Lupton, p. 32.

[34] Tate, p. 153.

[35] Lupton, p. 34.

[36] Sartwell, Crispin (1998). Act Like You Know: African-American Autobiography and White Identity. Chicago:University of Chicago Press, p. 26. ISBN 0-226-73527-3.

[37] Hagen, pp. 67.

[38] Rogers, Ronald R. (Spring 2006). Journalism: TheDemocratic Craft. Newspaper Research Journal : 84.

[39] Plimpton, George (Fall 1990). Maya Angelou, The Artof Fiction No. 119. The Paris Review 116 . Retrieved 25February 2014.

[40] Hagen, p. 18.

[41] Mom & Me & Mom (21 January 2013). Publishers Weekly , 260 (3), p. 52.

[42] Russo, Stacy (15 March 2013). Mom & Me & Mom,Library Journal , 138 (5).

[43] Kehe, Marjorie. extquotedbl'Mom & Me & Mom,' byMaya Angelou , The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved25 February 2014.

[44] Lupton, p. 15.

[45] Sarler, Carol (1989). A Life in the Day of Maya An-gelou. In Jeffrey M. Elliot, Conversations with Maya An- gelou. Jackson, Mississippi: University Press, p. 217.ISBN 0-87805-362-X .

[46] Angelou, pp. 139143.

[47] Maya Angelou I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings.British Broadcasting Corporation World Service BookClub. October 2005. British Broadcasting Corporation.Retrieved 25 February 2014.

[48] Best Sellers: Hardcover Nonction (21 April 2013).The New York Times. Retrieved 24 April 2014.

[49] Evaristo, Bernardine (20 April 2014). Mom & Me &Momby Maya Angelou review , The Observer (London,England). Retrieved 25 February 2014.

[50] Erdrich, Heid (13 April 2013). Review 'Mom & Me& Mom by Maya Angelou , Star Tribune (Minneapolis,Minnesota). Retrieved 25 February 2014.

7 Works cited

Angelou, Maya (2013). Mom & Me & Mom . NewYork: Random House. ISBN 1-4000-6611-5

Gillespie, Marcia Ann, Rosa Johnson Butler, andRichard A. Long (2008). Maya Angelou: A Glori-

ous Celebration. New York: Random House. ISBN978-0-385-51108-7

Lupton, Mary Jane (1998). Maya Angelou: A Crit-ical Companion . Westport, Connecticut: Green-wood Press. ISBN 0-313-30325-8
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0313303258https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780385511087https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780385511087https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_A._Longhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1400066115http://www.startribune.com/entertainment/books/202597451.htmlhttp://www.startribune.com/entertainment/books/202597451.htmlhttp://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/apr/22/mom-me-mom-maya-angelou-reviewhttp://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/apr/22/mom-me-mom-maya-angelou-reviewhttp://www.nytimes.com/best-sellers-books/2013-04-21/hardcover-nonfiction/list.htmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/133_wbc_archive_new/page2.shtmlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/087805362Xhttp://www.csmonitor.com/Books/2013/0425/5-memoirs-to-add-to-your-2013-reading-list/Mom-Me-Mom-by-Maya-Angelouhttp://www.csmonitor.com/Books/2013/0425/5-memoirs-to-add-to-your-2013-reading-list/Mom-Me-Mom-by-Maya-Angelouhttp://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/2279/the-art-of-fiction-no-119-maya-angelouhttp://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/2279/the-art-of-fiction-no-119-maya-angelouhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0226735273https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0226735273http://www.freepatentsonline.com/article/College-Literature/18110021.htmlhttp://www.freepatentsonline.com/article/College-Literature/18110021.htmlhttp://www.freepatentsonline.com/article/College-Literature/18110021.htmlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0385171242https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0385171242https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0195116062http://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/mom-and-me-and-mom-by-maya-angelou/2013/03/27/51c54744-900c-11e2-bdea-e32ad90da239_story.htmlhttp://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/mom-and-me-and-mom-by-maya-angelou/2013/03/27/51c54744-900c-11e2-bdea-e32ad90da239_story.html


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8 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

8.1 Text Mom & Me & Mom Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mom_&_Me_&_Mom?oldid=628543000 Contributors: Quadell, Nikkimaria,

Ian Rose, IronGargoyle, GeorgeLouis, Figureskatingfan, Piledhigheranddeeper, Another Believer, Legobot, Materialscientist, FrescoBot,I dream of horses, Faolin42, Erpert, ClueBot NG, Proscribe, Jmgoncal, Tutelary, Frosty, Zziccardi, TFA Protector Bot, Sspungy, IRW0,Victoriamcnamera, John21west90, Carlosguerrero8, VannyFanny, Michael Seraydarian and Anonymous: 5

8.2 Images File:Angelou_Obama.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/da/Angelou_Obama.jpg License: ? Contributors:

White House.org [1] Original artist: Office of the White House

File:Angeloupoem.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Angeloupoem.jpg License: Public domain Con-tributors: via NPR , courtesy of the White House Original artist: Office of the White House

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File:En-Mom_Me_Mom-article.ogg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/En-Mom_Me_Mom-article.oggLicense: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Derivative of Mom & Me & Mom at Wikipedia Original artist: Sspungy

File:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg License: LGPL Contributors: Own work using inkscape Original artist: Peter Kemp

File:Sound-icon.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Sound-icon.svg License: LGPL Contributors: Derivative work from Silsor 's versio Original artist: Crystal SVG icon set

8.3 Content license Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Silsorhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Sound-icon.svghttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Inkscapehttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Sspungyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mom_%26_Me_%26_Momhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/En-Mom_Me_Mom-article.ogghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svghttp://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=89355359http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Angeloupoem.jpghttp://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2011/02/17/exclusive-video-presidential-medal-freedom-recipients-their-own-wordshttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/da/Angelou_Obama.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mom_&_Me_&_Mom?oldid=628543000

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