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WHY WE ARE WHAT WE ARE. Read the title of the text and guess the main topic. What do you expect to read about in this text? What are the most remarkable personal characteristics of you? What adjectives would you use to describe yourself? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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WHY WE ARE WHAT WE ARE
Read the title of the text and guess the main topic.
• What do you expect to read about in this text?• What are the most remarkable personal
characteristics of you?• What adjectives would you use to describe
yourself? • If you were asked to classify people in terms of
their personality, how would you categorize them?
Two Major Personality Dimensions
1- being introverted or extraverted (reserved or outgoing)
2- being stable or unstable (fixed or changeable)
These can also be called as supertraits.
Traits (Characteristics)• moody: temperamental• rigid: inflexible, stiff, strict• sober: serious, controlled, restrained• sociable: outgoing• reserved: silent, quiet, unsociable• touchy: sensitive, easily offended• restless: moving about, nervous• impulsive: who acts without thought• even-tempered: easygoing, unruffled• responsive: quick to react, active
In Eysenck’s model there are two levels of behaviors:
• specific response level• habitual response level
• Can you find the examples for each in the text?
Physiological differences of extraverts and introverts
• cerebral cortex arousal: related with language, memory and thinking
• Extraverts have a lower level of cortical arousal• Introverts have an above-optimal cortical
arousal• How do they behave differently regarding this
physiological makeup?
Target Vocabulary
• hierarchy (n) arrangement of people in a group in order of rank, importance
• hierarchical (adj) ranked, graded, ordered• hierarchically (adv)
• a hierarchical structure, organisation
a hierarchical structure-
dimension (n)
the length, height, width, depth of something• We'll need to know the exact dimensions of
the room.
impulsive (adj)
• motivated by emotion,rather than thought
uninhibited (adj)
free and easy,relaxed,unrestrained
an uninhibited laughter
retiring (adj)
• one who doesn’t want to be with other people
As a child, Elizabeth was very shy and retiring.
introspective (adj)
• Inward-looking, intraverted, contemplative,self-examining
• He is very introspective and shy.
stimulation (n)encouraging someone by making them excited about and interested in something
Children need variety and stimulation.
aversive (adj)causing avoidance of a thing, sth that you dislike
In psychology, aversive conditioning is the use of something unpleasant, or a punishment, to stop an unwanted behavior.
ample (adj)
• more than necessary, plentiful
subtle (adj)
• not easy to notice
• The pictures are similar, but there are subtle differences between them.
• The warning signs of the disease are so subtle that they are often ignored.
in-
• inoffensiveindecisive• inflexible inelegant• indiscreet injudicious• infallible• inefficient• insincere• inconsistent• incorruptable
ir-
• irreproachable• irrational• irresponsible
im-
• impractical• impatient• impersonal
un-
• unenlightened• unbending• unpretentious