3. Paradis M, McKay R, Wilson J et al. Subclinical ileitis produced by sequentialdilutions of Lawsonia intracellularis in a mucosal homogenate challenge model.In: Proceedings of the 36th American Association of Swine Veterinarians Conference.Toronto, Canada, 2005;189–191.4. Collins A, Love R, Pozo J, Smith S, McOrist S. Studies on the ex vivo survival ofLawsonia intracellularis. Swine Health Prod 2000;8:211–215.5. Knittel J, Jordan D, Schwartz K et al. Evaluation of antemortem polymerasechain reaction and serologic methods for detection of Lawsonia intracellularis-exposed pigs. Am J Vet Res 1998;59:722–726.6. Schwartz K, Knittel J, Walter D, Roof M, Anderson M. Effect of oral tiamulin onthe development of porcine proliferative enteropathy in a pure-culture challengemodel. Swine Health Prod 1999;7:5–11.7. Vu NQ, Collins AM, van Dijk M, Love RJ. Effect of antibiotic medication ondevelopment of immunity to Lawsonia intracellularis in pigs. In: Cranwell PD,editor. Manipulating pig production VIII. Australasian Pig Science Association,Werribee, 2001;148.8. Collins AM, Love RJ. Re-challenge of pigs following recovery from proliferativeenteropathy. Vet Microbiol 2007;120:381–386.9. Kroll JJ, Roof MB, McOrist S. Evaluation of protective immunity in pigs followingoral administration of an avirulent live vaccine of Lawsonia intracellularis. Am J VetRes 2004;65:559–565.

10. Collins AM, van Dijk M, Love RJ. Epidemiology of Lawsonia intracellularis inthree Australian pig farms. In: Cranwell PD, editor. Manipulating pig productionVIII. Australasian Pig Science Association, Werribee, 2001;147.11. Bane DP, Neumann E, Gebhart CJ, Gardner IA, Norby B. Porcine proliferativeenteropathy: a case control study in swine herds in the United States. SwineHealth Prod 2001;9:155–158.12. Guedes RMC, Gebhart CJ. Onset and duration of fecal shedding, cell-medicated and humoral immune responses in pigs after challenge with a patho-genic isolate or attenuated Vaccine strain of Lawsonia intracellularis. Vet Microbiol2003;91:135–145.13. Jones GF, Ward GE, Murtaugh MP, Rose R, Gebhart CJ. Relationship betweenIleal symbiont intracellularis and porcine proliferative enteritis. Infect Immun1993;61:5237–5244.14. Smith SH, McOrist S. Development of persistent intestinal infection and excre-tion of Lawsonia intracellularis by piglets. Res Vet Sci 1997;62:6–10.

(Accepted for publication 20 April 2011)

BOOK REVIEWavj_893 99..101

Why it's ok to talk to your dog. D Paxton. Published by DW. Paxton, Brisbane, 2011. Distributed by Boolarong Press andwww.compositeconversationalist.com. 169 pages. Price A$24.95. ISBN 978 1 9215 5578 7.

T he book is an excellent summary of the evolution of mankindand dogs and seeks to demonstrate their co-evolution.

After examination of our relationship with dogs, Paxton devotesseveral chapters to the evolution of man as demonstrated byscience up to the present day. He includes a chapter on the mecha-nisms for speech, including the limitations of speech in Homoneanderthalensis that he attributes in large part to their nasaldevelopment, which he likens to a muzzle.

Homo sapiens and H. neanderthalensis, Paxton believes, were incompetition in an area of the eastern Mediterranean described asthe Levant. However, DNA evidence of breeding between the twoHomo species suggests that they saw advantage in cooperationrather than competition. He does not describe the domesticeconomy practices of each species, which were in the hunting andgathering phase. He claims that canine ancestors shared caves withhumans and that they advantaged H. sapiens because their sense ofsmell helped to guard the humans.

Paxton explores the various theories relating to the ancestry and‘domestication’ of dogs. He believes that their ancestor was thewestern Kashmiri wolf, which showed many of the characteristics ofthe present day dingo, including living in caves and being a solitaryhunter. The attack method is not described. The Kashmiri wolf wasnot encouraged to enter into a relationship with man based on itshunting ability; the dingo is a notoriously poor hunter of the largeranimals in Australia. However, I do not believe that a wary animalsuch as an adult wolf would enter into a close relationship withman. Rather, that after a suckling female had been destroyed, oneor more of the puppies were retained.

As evidence of the remarkable relationship between man and dog,Jorgenson of Van Diemen’s Land observed that the TasmanianAborigines, completely inexperienced with dogs, very early afterwhite invasion obtained the white man’s hunting dogs, usually bytheft. According to Jorgenson, these dogs were taught not to bark,which would have alerted the only predator of the Aborigine, thewhite invader, to their presence. All early pictorial representationsof both the mainland and Tasmanian Aborigine show their dogs asan intimate part of the family.

This evidence of the relationship between Australian Aborigines,the dingo and the imported hounds of the white man reinforcePaxton’s story. Paxton is at odds with many who believe the rela-tionship with dogs dates back only a few thousand years, takingthis relationship back 130,000 years, when H. sapiens moved intothe Levant. The extraordinary relationship that exists todaythroughout much of the world between modern man and the dogin all its forms may be expected to have developed at first contactand not at some later period. Furthermore, based on Aboriginalexperiences, we expect that there were continual refreshments ofthe ‘Kashmiri wolf/man’ alliance.

This is a delightful book, being both difficult and easy to read, withPaxton’s personality shining through. As a bonus, Paxton illumi-nates each chapter with a short poem and, as a further bonus, thebook is without footnotes but has a splendid bibliography. I thor-oughly recommend this brilliant short book to the veterinarian andthe layman who loves his dog but does not understand why.

John Auty

doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2012.00893.x

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