Which of the following is a possible source of Earth’s magnetic field?

a. sun’s magnetic field

b.magnetosphere

c. moon’s magnetic field

d.Earth’s iron core

How did scientists develop a model of Earth’s interior?

a. through indirect observation using seismic waves

b. through direct observation by drilling all the way to Earth’s core

c. through indirect observation using the magnetic field of Earth’s moon

d. through direct observation by examining the upper few kilometers of Earth’s crust

Which of the following has the compositional layers in order starting with the outer most layer?

A. core, mantle, crust

B. mantle, core, crust

C. crust, mantle, core

D. mantle, crust, core

Subduction is NOT a factor in which type of plate collision?

a. collisions between continental crust and oceanic crust.

b. collisions between oceanic crust and oceanic crust.

c. collisions between crusts of varying densities.

d. collisions between continents

At locations where sea-floor spreading occurs, rock is moved away from a mid-ocean ridge. What replaces the rock as it moves away?

a. molten rock

b. older rock

c. continental crust

d. compacted sediment

Which of the following statements about shadow zones is NOT true?

A. They are locations on Earth’s surface where no body

waves from a particular earthquake can be detected.

B. They exist because the materials that make up Earth’s

interior are uniform

C. Waves bend and change directions as they pass through

Earth

D. A large S-wave shadow zone covers the side of Earth

opposite an earthquake

The fastest-moving seismic waves produced by an earthquake are called

a. Rayleigh waves

b. s waves

c. Love waves

d. p waves

Which of the following does NOT describe magma that causes explosive eruptions?

a. felsic magma

b.large amounts of trapped and dissolved gases

c. rich in light-colored silicate materials

d. low viscosity

New ocean floor is constantly being produced through a process known as

a. subduction

b. continental drift

c. sea-floor spreading

d. convergent boundary

Two plates grind past each other at a

a. transform boundary

b. convergent boundary

c. subduction zone

d. divergent boundary

Which aspect of mafic lava is important in the formation of smooth, ropy pahoehoe lava?

a. a fairly high viscosity

b. a fairly low viscosity

c. rapidly deforming crust

d. rapid underwater cooling

The magnitude of an earthquake can be expressed numerically by using

a. only the Richter scale

b. both the Richter scale and the moment magnitude scale

c. only the Mercalli scale

d. both the Mercalli scale and the moment magnitude scale

How is the intensity of an earthquake measured?

a. by measuring the amount of destruction caused by the earthquake

b. by by measuring the strength of the earthquake based on the size of the area of the fault that moves

c. measuring the amount of ground motion caused by the earthquake

d. by measuring the number of seismic waves that occur during the earthquake

Which of the following statements describes the relationship between the epicenter and focus of an earthquake?

a. The focus is the point on Earth’s surface what the epicenter of an earthquake is located

b. The epicenter is the point on Earth’s surface that lies directly above the focus

c. The epicenter is the point where an earthquake occurs, and the focus is where seismic waves reach

Earth’s surface

d. The focus is deeper within the Earth than the epicenter is

Which of the following is NOT a major volcanic area?

a. subduction zones

b. mid-ocean ridges

c. boundaries of tectonic plates

d. central continental plains

Island arcs form when oceanic lithosphere subducts under

a.continental lithosphere

b.calderas

c.oceanic lithosphere

d.volcanic bombs

Magma is liquid rock that forms beneath Earth’s surface. Which of the following is NOT a condition under which magma may form?

a. decreased pressure

b. increased temperature

c. a volcanic eruption

d. addition of fluids

Which of the following statements best describes oceanic crust?

a. high in silica

b. low density

c. high density

d. not found on the same plate as continental crust

Which layer represents the outer core?

A.

B.

C.

D.

What surface features are most often found at boundaries that move away from each other?

a. mountains

b. deep-ocean trenches

c. mid-ocean ridges

d. faults

What type of plate boundaries move away from each other

a. convergent

b. divergent

c. transform

d. subduction

What surface features are most often found at boundaries that move away from each other?

a. mountains

b. deep-ocean trenches

c. mid-ocean ridges

d. faults

What type of plate interaction is indicated by letter E?

a. continental rifting

b. divergence

c. sea-floor spreading

d.subduction

Which layer of Earth’s interior does not transmit S waves?

a. B

b. C

c. D

d. E

Which of the following is not likely to occur at the boundary in diagram A?

a. earthquakes

b. lava flow

c. subduction

d. volcanoes

How does subduction of oceanic crust shown in diagram B produce mountains?

a. Magma rises between the plates at a divergent boundary.b. Subduction produces hot spots, which in turn produce

volcanoes.c. Magma pushes up the layers of rock above it, forming a

dome.d. The mantle and crust of the subducted plate melt, and the

resulting magma forms volcanoes.

Which type of volcano is made up of only pyroclastic material that results from violent eruptions?

a. cinder cone

b. composite volcano

c. shield volcano

d. stratovolcano

What type of seismic waves are indicated by the points on the seismogram marked by letter A?

a.Love waves

b.Rayleigh waves

c. P waves

d. S waves

How are the waves at point C different than the waves at point B?

a. The waves at point C are slower that the waves at point B

b. The waves at point C less damaging than the waves at point B are.

c. The waves at point B get their energy from the waves at point C

d. The waves at point C are S waves, while the waves at point B are surface waves

How do scientists find the epicenter of an earthquake

a. by comparing arrival times of P waves and S waves at several seismograph stations

b. by digging at several locations and comparing data

c. by comparing departure times of P waves and S waves at several seismograph stations

d. by reviewing satellite photos of tsunamis

The picture shows changes in human structures after an earthquake. What process causes an earthquake and results in the offset of the structures and roads shown?

a. focusing

b. subduction

c. surface waves

d. elastic rebound

Which of the following does not signal a volcanic eruption?

a. an increase in thunderstorms near the volcano

b.a change in earthquake activity

c. a change in the amount and compositions of volcanic gases

d. bulging of volcano surface

What surface features are most often found at boundaries that move away from each other?

a. lithosphere

b. core

c. mantle

d. crust

Explosive eruptions commonly result from

a. aa lava

b. felsic magma

c. mafic magma

d. pahoehoe lava