1© 2015 The MathWorks, Inc.

What’s Behind 5G Wireless

Communications?

Graham Freeland

2

Agenda

▪ 5G goals and requirements

▪ Modeling and simulating key 5G technologies

– Release 15: Enhanced Mobile Broadband

– IoT and V2X

▪ 5G development workflow

3GPP

Standardization

Timeline

Jun-18 Dec-2019

3GPP Release 15

• Initial 5G NR

specification

Release 16

• 5G Phase 2

3

5G Applications and Requirements New Applications

4K, 8K, 360° Video

Virtual Reality

Connected Vehicles

Internet of Things

5G Requirements / Use Cases

Enhanced mobile broadband (>10 Gbps)

Ultra low latency (<1 ms)

Massive machine-type communication (>1e5 devices)

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Achieving Higher 5G Broadband Data Rates

Massive MIMO antenna array for a Huawei 5G field trial.

Higher Frequency Bands

Massive MIMO

Technical Solutions

Increased bandwidth

Better spectral efficiency

Flexible air interface

Densification

New Physical Layer New RF Architectures

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Baseband

precoding

DAC RF

…

NT

…

DAC RF

Baseband

combining

ADCRF

…

NR

…

ADCRF

Baseband

waveform

Multi-Domain Engineering for 5GSubsystems must be designed and tested together

RF Transceivers and

Power Amplifiers

Baseband DSP for

Large BandwidthsStandard-compliant

Waveforms

Channel and

Interference

MIMO Antenna

Array DesignDigital or Hybrid

Beamforming

6

Agenda

▪ 5G goals and requirements

▪ Modeling and simulating key 5G technologies

– Release 15: Enhanced Mobile Broadband

– IoT and V2X

▪ 5G development workflow

7

Waveform Generation

▪ Test with standard-compliant waveforms

▪ Generate all physical channels and signals

▪ Off-the-shelf and full custom waveforms

Standard compliance

WLAN

3GPP

✓ LTE & LTE-Advanced

✓ NB-IoT

✓ D2D Sidelink

✓ V2X Sidelink

✓ 5G New Radio

IEEE 802.11

✓ 802.11ax (draft)

✓ 802.11ad

✓ 802.11ah

✓ 802.11ac

✓ 802.11a/b/g/n

✓ 802.11p/j

5G

LTE

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New Physical Layer in Release 15

▪ Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB):

– Larger bandwidth

– Greater spectral efficiency

▪ PHY techniques used to achieve goals

– Flexible frame structure and carrier spacing

▪ Shorter slot durations for lower latency

▪ Variable bandwidth

– Higher capacity coding schemes

– Spatial channel models: sub-6GHz to mmWave

5G Baseband Processing• Increased bandwidth

• Greater spectral efficiency

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Baseband DSP for Large Bandwidths

• 5G waveform same as LTE: Cyclic-Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM)

• Flexible NR subcarrier spacing and frame numerologies

m Subcarrier

Spacing

Df = 2m * 15kHz

Bandwidth

(MHz)

0 15 49.50

1 30 99

2 60 198

3 120 396

4 240 397.44

5 480 397.44

Downlink waveform generation

with carrier bandwidth parts

Flexible bandwidth

latency in 5G NR

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Efficient Channel Coding Methods

▪ Low-Density Parity Check (LDPC)

for data channel:

memoryless block coding

• Polar Codes for control channel:

achieve channel capacity

11

Channel and Interference• Multiple UEs/Base Stations

• Signal propagation

Model Channel and Interference

▪ Interference

– Multiple standards: 5G/LTE/WLAN

▪ 3D propagation channels

– 5G, LTE, 802.11, Custom

▪ Visualize propagation on maps

– Rx/Tx location

– Signal strength and coverage

– Signal-to-interference-plus-noise

(SINR)

LTE-WLAN interference

SINR for 5G urban macro-cell

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5G Channel Model

▪ 3GPP TR 38.901: 500 MHz - 100 GHz (mmWave)

▪ For massive MIMO arrays (>1024 elements)

▪ Delay profiles:

– Clustered delay line (CDL): Full 3D model

– Tapped delay line (TDL): Simplified for faster simulation

▪ Control key parameters

– Channel delay spread

– Doppler shift

– MIMO correlation

Cluster Delay Line: 3D model

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5G Link Level Simulation

▪ End-to-end physical layer reference model

▪ Verify implementation

▪ Evaluate impact of algorithm designs

on link performance

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RF Power Amplifier (PA) Linearization RF challenges in 5G• Frequency dependent behavior

• Highly integrated RF + digital devices

▪ 5G frequencies and bandwidth put greater

requirements on RF transmitter efficiency

▪ 5G PA’s are difficult to model

– Non-linearity

– Memory effects

▪ Solution: Linearization using

adaptive digital pre-distortion (DPD)

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Characterize PA Model Using Measured Data

PA DataMATLAB fitting procedure

(White box) MATLAB PA model

PA model for circuit

envelope simulation

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PA + DPD Simulation

▪ Closed loop multi-domain simulation

– Circuit Envelope for fast RF simulation

– Low-power RF and analog components

– DPD signal processing algorithm

(behavioral or hardware-accurate)

17

Massive MIMO Antenna Arrays Antenna array design considerations• Element coupling

• Imperfections

▪ Model antenna and array beam patterns

▪ Model antenna element failures

▪ Optimize tradeoffs between antenna

gain and channel capacity

▪ Simulate with 3D channel model

Model mutual coupling Array beam patternDesign an array Import antenna patterns

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Hybrid Beamforming for Massive MIMO

Different realizations have different complexity tradeoffs

▪ Beamforming partitioned between digital and RF

– Each Tx and Rx element has phase control

– Subarrays handle amplitude and additional phase

– Number of transmit antennas can be >> 𝑁𝑆 (𝑁𝑅𝐹)

▪ Model and optimize beamforming architecture

▪ Model imperfections in the signal chain

Why Hybrid Beamforming?• Massive MIMO reduces mmWave propagation loss

• Hybrid beamforming reduces implementation cost

19

Agenda

▪ 5G goals and requirements

▪ Modeling and simulating key 5G technologies

– Release 15: Enhanced Mobile Broadband

– Connecting Vehicles and IoT Devices

▪ 5G development workflow

20

V2X: Building the Connected Car Highway

Standards for V2X

▪ 5G: Reserved for future release

▪ Cellular V2X (C-V2X)

– Release 14 LTE Sidelink

– LTE Toolbox

▪ DSRC

– IEEE 802.11p

– WLAN Toolbox

PHY Waveform

GenerationThroughput

Simulation

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Future 5G Use Case: IoT Connectivity

▪ IoT use case reserved for future 5G release

▪ Cellular long-range standard: LTE NB-IoT

– Compatible with LTE networks

– Lower cost and power, extended range

▪ NB-IoT cost and power reduction techniques

– Reduced peak rate and bandwidth (180 kHz)

– Reduced maximum transmit power

– Single antenna

– No higher-order modulation (BPSK and QPSK)

Waveform

Generation

BLER

Simulation

22

Agenda

▪ 5G goals and requirements

▪ Modeling and simulating key 5G technologies

– Release 15: Enhanced Mobile Broadband

– Connecting Vehicles and IoT Devices

▪ 5G development workflow

From idea …

… to implementation

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Customer Perspective

“We need a multidomain platform for simulation, rapid prototyping, and

iterative verification from the behavior model to testbed prototyping to the

industrial product. MATLAB and Simulink are helping us to achieve these

goals.”- Kevin Law, director of algorithm architecture and design, Huawei

https://www.mathworks.com/content/dam/mathworks/tag-team/Objects/h/80861v00_Huawei_QA.pdf

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• Communications Toolbox

• 5G Toolbox

• LTE Toolbox

• WLAN System Toolbox

MATLAB & Simulink Wireless Design Environmentfor baseband, RF, and antenna modeling and simulation

Channel and Propagation

RF Front EndAlgorithms, Waveforms, Measurements Antennas, Beamforming

Mixed-signal

• RF Toolbox

• RF Blockset

• Antenna Toolbox

• Phased Array System Toolbox

BasebandDigital

Front EndDAC PA

LNAADCBasebandDigital

Front End

Digital PHY

RECEIVER

TRANSMITTER

AntennaRF Front End

• Simulink

• DSP System Toolbox

• Control System Toolbox

• Communications Toolbox

• Antenna Toolbox

• 5G, LTE, WLAN Toolboxes

Channel

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Over-the-Air Testing with SDR and RF Instruments

Zynq SDR

RF Signal Generator Spectrum Analyzer

Ettus USRP SDR

RTL-SDR Pluto SDR

Over-the-air Testing

Instrument Control Toolbox

SDR Support PackagesCommunications Toolbox

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Accelerate Simulations with Scalable Computing

Cluster

Cloud

Multi-Core

GPU

Parallel Computing Toolbox

MATLAB

MATLAB Distributed Computing Server

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Common Platform for Wireless Development

PROTOTYPE

DESIGN

IMPLEMENT

FPGA ASICProcessor

SDR Platform

C Code HDL

BasebandDigital

Front EndDAC PA

LNAADCBasebandDigital

Front End

Digital PHY

RECEIVER

TRANSMITTER

AntennaRF Front End

➢ Algorithm Design and Verification

➢ RF, Digital and Antenna Co-Design

➢ System Verification and Testing

➢ Rapid Prototyping and Production

Code Generation and Verification

Fixed-Point Designer

HDL Coder

HDL Verifier

LTE HDL Toolbox

Embedded Coder

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Agenda

▪ 5G goals and requirements

▪ Modeling and simulating key 5G technologies

– Release 15: Enhanced Mobile Broadband

– Connecting Vehicles and IoT Devices

▪ 5G development workflow

▪ Learn more…

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Resources to Help You Get Started – Links in PDF Document

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Resources – Links in PDF Document

View web resources

Wireless Communications Design with MATLAB

MATLAB and Simulink for 5G Technology Development

Read eBook and white papers

5G Development with MATLAB (eBook)

Hybrid Beamforming for Massive MIMO Phased Array Systems (white paper)

Four Steps to Building Smarter RF Systems with MATLAB (white paper)

Evaluating 5G Waveforms Over 3D Propagation Channels with the 5G Library (white paper)

Download software

Wireless communications trial package