What are the parts and how do they fit?

Guiding questions for this chapter:

_____________?

_____________?

________________?

_____________?

_____________?

BIOL 2030 Human Anatomy & Physiology II

What Gland?________________

Portion of the brain connected to the pituitary via the thin stalk called the _______________.

_________ is comprised of nervous tissue.

_________ _________

_________

_________

What Hormones?All the hormones formed by the hypothalamus are either “R” releasing or “I” inhibiting.

GHRH -- ______________________________

GHIH -- ______________________________

GnRH -- ______________________________

TRH -- ______________________________

CRH -- ______________________________

PRH -- ______________________________

PIH -- ______________________________

What target tissue(s)?All of the hypothalamus hormones (“R” and “I”) target the cells in the __________ _____________.Note that the _____________ interacts specifically with the ___ parts of the pituitary gland in ___distinct ways!

What is the target tissue response?In response to the “R” and “I” hormones of the hypothalamus…

Ex. ________________________ causes the secretion of _________________

How does the hypothalamus interact with the pituitary?Hypothalamal hormones travel to the anterior pituitary gland via a _______ ______________ called a portal system. The whole structure is referred to as the ________________________________!!!

What Gland?The pituitary is comprised of __ distinct tissues from __ distinct origins (___________ and _________)We will consider them individually…1) Posterior Pituitary (_______________)2) Anterior Pituitary (________________)

What Hormones?All the hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary are actually formed by _________________ in the hypothalamus and are distributed along ___________________, down the __________to the enlarged vesicles in the posterior pituitary.

________ -- Synthetic is Pitocin

________ -- Anti Di uretic Hormone

What target tissue(s)?

Oxytocin -- causes ________ __________ in the mammary glands and uterus.ADH -- causes the _______ ______________________________

What is the target tissue response?

What Gland?_______________ (adenohypophysis)

What Hormones?TSH -- ________________ACTH -- ______________LH -- __________________FSH -- _______________Prolactin -- ____________

______________… cause secretion of OTHER hormones from ____________!

What Gland?Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)

What Hormones?GH -- _____________MSH -- _____________ Lipotropin -- ß endorphins --

What target tissues & target tissue responses?GH -- __________ --MSH -- ___________ --Lipotropin -- ____________ --ß endorphins -- ____ --ACTH -- ____________ --LH -- ____________ --FSH -- ____________ --Prolactin -- _____________--

What Gland?____________ consists of 2 lobes joined by a narrow bridge (isthmus).

Located inferior to the ________ and anterior to the __________.

One of largest endocrine glands!

What Gland?Functionally the thyroid can be divided into 2 main histological components:1) ______________, which surround sacs (follicles) within the thyroid and 2) ______________, which are found in clusters in between follicles.

Follicle

?

?

What Hormones?Follicular cells secrete T3 (___________) andT4 (____________ or ___________)

These hormones depend on_______ for their synthesis. They are bound with the protein ___________ inside the follicle. About 1-2 weeks worth stored in ________ and in _________. T3 & T4 released from thyroglobulin before release into bloodstream.

What target tissues and target tissue responses?

Targets = ____________

Response =

What Gland & Hormone?

?

_______________ of the thyroid gland secrete their own hormone: __________.

__________ targets osseous (____) tissue, and causes the inhibition of __________ (break down bone) and stimulates _________ activity (build up bone)

What target tissue(s) & response?

Take 5!!!An enlargement of the thyroid (goiter) can develop from iodine deficiencies. Why does the thyroid gland respond by swelling?

Discuss with your neighbor and predict an answer

What diseases & disorders are related to too <>?

*

Symptoms?

*

Symptoms?

What Gland?_____________ glands are comprised of __ __________ small glands embedded in the ____________ portion of the thyroid lobes.

What Hormones?

____ -- _________ _______

Which of the 2 photomicrographs is of parathyroid tissue?(hint: only thyroid stores products extracellularly)

A

B

What target tissue(s)?

What is the target tissue response?

________________________ are target organs for PTH.

The response of all three types of organs is to attempt to ____________________________ (Ca2+ ).

___ = _________ Antagonist to Calcitonin

Osseous (bone) tissue responds with an elevated _______ (dissolve bone) activity and suppressed __________ (build bone) activity.____________ and ________ increase re-absorption rate of Ca2+ from digested food and urine respectively.

What Gland?The ______________ is located superior to the heart.

This gland is associated with _______________ and influences the maturation of white blood cells called _______ via hormone __________.

The Thymus gland ___________ with age.

Thymus

What Gland?The __________ functions as both an ________ gland (products transported via ducts) and as an _______ gland (ductless).

The endocrine portion of the pancreas is restricted to small clumps of cells called _______________ (or _________________).

What Hormones?________________ are comprised of 3 distinct types of cells, each producing a particular hormone/intercellular chemical:

: Glucagon

: Insulin

: Somatostatin (what type of signal?)

__________

__________

__________

What target tissue(s) and responses?_________: __________ (except CNS) -- Causes cellular uptake of ______, ______ & ________ from blood._________: primarily ______ -- Causes breakdown of ________.__________: _______ __________ of pancreas -- __________________.

What Gland?__________ are a pair of glands that sit superior to the kidneys.

These glands have 2 distinct components, each with distinct developmental origins.

Adrenalgland

An outer layer of the gland, the ________ is derived from _________. While the inner layer of the gland, the _______

is derived from _______ ________ during development.

What Hormones?The hormones secreted are specific to each region of the gland.

Cortex has 3 subregions:_____________ __________________________

Medulla:____________ & _____________

: _______________ (ex. Androstenedione): _______________ (ex. Cortisol)

: _____________ (ex. Aldosterone)

What target tissue(s) & response for epinephrine?Target tissues include the _______, ____ ______, ____ and _____.

The response is an elevated ________, and _____, some vessels constrict while some dilate.

What target tissue(s) & response for adrenal androgens?_________________ (ex. Androstenedione) are converted enzymatically into more potent androgens such as __________.

In males this has minimal effect compared to testosterone secretion. During development _____________ of these adrenal androgens can play an important role in ___________________.

Adrenogenital syndrome

What target tissue(s) & response for glucocorticoids?_______________ (ex. _______) target many tissues including, _______, _______, _______, _____ & _________.

The non-immune component’s responses are inhibition of __________, increase of _________ _________ from a.a. and fats.

Immune response is _________________ and lowered immunity.

See ___________________ for long-term effects

What target tissue(s) & response for minerlocorticoids?_______________ (ex. _________) target mainly _______________ (_________).

The response is an increased re-absorption of _____, (which results in ________________ __________________________) and increased excretion of K+

We will discuss this in more detail while exploring the Excretory (Urinary) system.

The ________ are _______ sex glands that secrete ________ and ______________. These hormones influence female secondary sex characteristics as well as many other functions.

The _______ are _______ sex glands that secrete ___________, which targets many cells in the body and which results in masculinization.

What Gland?

We will discuss in more detail during explorations of the Reproductive system.

The ___________ is in the ____________.

It secretes __________, which targets the ________________.

The response is decreased ________ secretion.

What effect on reproduction?Activity is sensitive to _______.

What Gland?