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Westward Expansion. Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th century Westward Movement of population Immigrants flock to America

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Page 1: Westward Expansion. Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th century Westward Movement of population Immigrants flock to America

Westward ExpansionWestward Expansion

Page 2: Westward Expansion. Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th century Westward Movement of population Immigrants flock to America

Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th

century

Westward Movement of populationImmigrants flock to AmericaGrowth of citiesAdmission of new states

Page 3: Westward Expansion. Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th century Westward Movement of population Immigrants flock to America

Westward Movement of population

Following the Civil War, the westward movement of settlers intensified into the vast region between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean

Page 4: Westward Expansion. Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th century Westward Movement of population Immigrants flock to America

The Way West

Page 5: Westward Expansion. Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th century Westward Movement of population Immigrants flock to America

Transcontinental Railroad

Page 6: Westward Expansion. Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th century Westward Movement of population Immigrants flock to America

Gold Rushes

California Gold Rush, 1849– 100,000 men lured to California– By 1858, all the good mines were

taken and they had to look for gold elsewhere

Page 7: Westward Expansion. Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th century Westward Movement of population Immigrants flock to America

Colorado Rush of 1859– Many of the Californian miners

went to Colorado to “strike it rich”– They failed and many returned east,

but those who stayed help to build up the population

Page 8: Westward Expansion. Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th century Westward Movement of population Immigrants flock to America

Nevada Rush, 1858– Comstock Lode was found and

$300 million in gold was produced in the next twenty years

Page 9: Westward Expansion. Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th century Westward Movement of population Immigrants flock to America

Black Hills Gold Rush, 1874– 15,000 miners invaded the Dakota

territory

Page 10: Westward Expansion. Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th century Westward Movement of population Immigrants flock to America

Western migration and Gold

Page 11: Westward Expansion. Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th century Westward Movement of population Immigrants flock to America

Effects of the Gold Rush

Towns and communities grew in the mining areas

With people moving to isolated area, better transportation was needed.

Stagecoach lines; pony express (mail from Missouri to California in 10 days)

Page 12: Westward Expansion. Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th century Westward Movement of population Immigrants flock to America

Pony Express

Between St. Joseph, MO and Sacramento Ca.

Apr 3, 1860 to October 1861100 stations, 25 miles apart; 80 riders,

400-500 horsesEach rider covered 75 miles/day

Page 13: Westward Expansion. Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th century Westward Movement of population Immigrants flock to America
Page 14: Westward Expansion. Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th century Westward Movement of population Immigrants flock to America

Age of the CowboyOnce the Indians were removed, the

land opened up for cattle and cowboysBeef cattle became very profitableNeeded to get them from Texas to the

northern markets

Page 15: Westward Expansion. Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th century Westward Movement of population Immigrants flock to America

Cattle Drives

Began in 1866 from Texas to MissouriLater, railroad extended to Abilene,

KSCattle herded along the Chisholm

Trail –4 million head between 1867 and 1879

Page 16: Westward Expansion. Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th century Westward Movement of population Immigrants flock to America
Page 17: Westward Expansion. Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th century Westward Movement of population Immigrants flock to America

Immigrants flock to America

Prior to 1871, most immigrants to America came from northern and western Europe

Germany; Great Britain; IrelandNorway and Sweden

Page 18: Westward Expansion. Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th century Westward Movement of population Immigrants flock to America

Between 1871 and 1921 most came from southern and eastern Europe

Italy, Greece, Poland, Russia, and Hungary and Yugoslavia

Also, from Asia (China and Japan)

Page 19: Westward Expansion. Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th century Westward Movement of population Immigrants flock to America

Contributions of Immigrants

Chinese and Irish workers helped build the Transcontinental Railroad.

Others worked in textile and steel mills in the Northeast

Clothing industry in New York City

Page 20: Westward Expansion. Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th century Westward Movement of population Immigrants flock to America

Transcontinental Railroad

Page 21: Westward Expansion. Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th century Westward Movement of population Immigrants flock to America

Slavs, Italians, and Poles worked in the coal mines of the East

Worked for low pay and dangerous working conditions to help build America’s industrial strength

Page 22: Westward Expansion. Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th century Westward Movement of population Immigrants flock to America
Page 23: Westward Expansion. Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th century Westward Movement of population Immigrants flock to America

Immigrants flock to America

Between 1860 and 1900 almost 14 million immigrants reached the US.

Ellis Island was the East Coast processing point for new immigrants

Page 24: Westward Expansion. Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th century Westward Movement of population Immigrants flock to America
Page 25: Westward Expansion. Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th century Westward Movement of population Immigrants flock to America

The “Melting Pot”

They began the process of assimilation into what was termed the American “Melting Pot”

Page 26: Westward Expansion. Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th century Westward Movement of population Immigrants flock to America

Settled in ethnic neighborhoods in the growing cities

Worked hard to learn EnglishAdopted American customsBecame American citizensPublic schools were essential in

establishing the melting pot

Page 27: Westward Expansion. Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th century Westward Movement of population Immigrants flock to America

Opposition to Immigration

Fear and resentment that immigrants would take jobs for lower pay than Americans

Resentment was based on religious and cultural differences

Page 28: Westward Expansion. Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th century Westward Movement of population Immigrants flock to America

Legislation to Limit Immigration

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 Immigration Restriction Act of 1921Cut off most immigration to America

for the next several decades

Page 29: Westward Expansion. Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th century Westward Movement of population Immigrants flock to America

Growth of cities

As the nation’s industrial growth continued many cities grew rapidly:

Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, and New York City

Page 30: Westward Expansion. Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th century Westward Movement of population Immigrants flock to America

With the growth of cities came factories, and harsh living conditions in crowded tenements and slums.

Also caused housing shortages and the need for new public services: sewage and water systems and public transportation

Page 31: Westward Expansion. Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th century Westward Movement of population Immigrants flock to America

ImmigrationImmigrationPush/Pull FactorPush/Pull Factor

Page 32: Westward Expansion. Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th century Westward Movement of population Immigrants flock to America

Push (Reasons to leave)

Religious/Political PersecutionAgricultural povertyRelaxation of emigration laws

Page 33: Westward Expansion. Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th century Westward Movement of population Immigrants flock to America

Pull (Reasons to Come)

Promise of Freedom and hopeFamily/Friends NetworkNeed for and Recruitment of labor

Page 34: Westward Expansion. Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th century Westward Movement of population Immigrants flock to America

Immigrant Contributions

They broadened cultural life of America through

–New music–New languages–Diverse religious beliefs–Variety of foods and customs

Page 35: Westward Expansion. Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th century Westward Movement of population Immigrants flock to America

Famous Immigrants

Irving Berlin: Composer, wrote “God Bless America”

George and Ira Gershwin: composersEnrico Fermi: ScientistAlbert Einstein: Scientist

Page 36: Westward Expansion. Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th century Westward Movement of population Immigrants flock to America

Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

Page 37: Westward Expansion. Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th century Westward Movement of population Immigrants flock to America

Between the Civil War and World War I, the US was transformed from a mostly agricultural nation to most urban and industrial nation.

Page 38: Westward Expansion. Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th century Westward Movement of population Immigrants flock to America

Technological revolution changed the way people worked, played, traveled and communicated

A new power source and production methods stimulated the expansion of industry

Page 39: Westward Expansion. Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th century Westward Movement of population Immigrants flock to America

Transforming America

Technological change spurred the growth of industry primarily in northern cities

Page 40: Westward Expansion. Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th century Westward Movement of population Immigrants flock to America

Inventions/Inventors

Light Bulb – Thomas EdisonTelephone – Alexander Graham BellAirplane – Wright BrothersAssembly Line – Henry FordBessemer Process – Converted iron

ore into steel with less labor

Page 41: Westward Expansion. Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th century Westward Movement of population Immigrants flock to America

Industrial Leaders

Andrew Carnegie – Steel industry J. P. Morgan – Railroad and US Steel John D. Rockefeller – Standard Oil

CompanyCornelius Vanderbilt - Railroad

Page 42: Westward Expansion. Factors of American growth and expansion in the late 19th century Westward Movement of population Immigrants flock to America

Reasons for Economic Transformation

Government policies of laissez-faire capitalism and special considerations such as land grants to railroad builders)

Increasing labor supply (immigration and migration from farms

America’s possession of a wealth of natural resources and navigable rivers


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