WeBike

Tommy Carpenter

University of Waterloo

June 5, 2014

1 BIntro2 Participant Selection3 Hardware & Software4 Logistics5 Research Objectives6 Conclusion

Overview

Field trial of 25 eBikesB POC for 500 bikes

Three years of data collection

Many interesting research questions

1 / 20: Intro WeBike, June 5, 2014

“Wind tunnel”

EV field trials are $$

eBikes mostly isomorphicB Inexpensive way to draw conclusions about EVsB What does not scale is also interesting

2 / 20: Intro WeBike, June 5, 2014

Other global motivations

NL: flattest country in Europe

NA: My daily 15km cycle is 233 meters elevation gainB MIT: “Copenhagen Wheel”

China: 200 million eBikesB Shanghai: $14,530USD to register a car (plates)1

B Beijing: only 1/150 get a plate (lottery)!2http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-04-25/in-china-the-license-plates-can-cost-more-than-the-carhttp://www.scmp.com/business/china-business/article/1420673/beijing-licence-plates-fetch-twice-price-car-black-market

India: hills, many w/o gridB low carbon transit v.s. dieselB energy transport; laptop=75wh, .325kWh ≈ 4.5 such devices

3 / 20: Intro WeBike, June 5, 2014

Other global motivations

NL: flattest country in Europe

NA: My daily 15km cycle is 233 meters elevation gainB MIT: “Copenhagen Wheel”

China: 200 million eBikesB Shanghai: $14,530USD to register a car (plates)1

B Beijing: only 1/150 get a plate (lottery)!2http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-04-25/in-china-the-license-plates-can-cost-more-than-the-carhttp://www.scmp.com/business/china-business/article/1420673/beijing-licence-plates-fetch-twice-price-car-black-market

India: hills, many w/o gridB low carbon transit v.s. dieselB energy transport; laptop=75wh, .325kWh ≈ 4.5 such devices

3 / 20: Intro WeBike, June 5, 2014

Other global motivations

NL: flattest country in Europe

NA: My daily 15km cycle is 233 meters elevation gainB MIT: “Copenhagen Wheel”

China: 200 million eBikesB Shanghai: $14,530USD to register a car (plates)1

B Beijing: only 1/150 get a plate (lottery)!2http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-04-25/in-china-the-license-plates-can-cost-more-than-the-carhttp://www.scmp.com/business/china-business/article/1420673/beijing-licence-plates-fetch-twice-price-car-black-market

India: hills, many w/o gridB low carbon transit v.s. dieselB energy transport; laptop=75wh, .325kWh ≈ 4.5 such devices

3 / 20: Intro WeBike, June 5, 2014

Other global motivations

NL: flattest country in Europe

NA: My daily 15km cycle is 233 meters elevation gainB MIT: “Copenhagen Wheel”

China: 200 million eBikesB Shanghai: $14,530USD to register a car (plates)1

B Beijing: only 1/150 get a plate (lottery)!2http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-04-25/in-china-the-license-plates-can-cost-more-than-the-carhttp://www.scmp.com/business/china-business/article/1420673/beijing-licence-plates-fetch-twice-price-car-black-market

India: hills, many w/o gridB low carbon transit v.s. dieselB energy transport; laptop=75wh, .325kWh ≈ 4.5 such devices

3 / 20: Intro WeBike, June 5, 2014

Potential Target Populations

Car→ eBike

Public transit→ eBike

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−

Bike but would like to go further→ eBike

Older or impaired→ eBike

4 / 20: Intro WeBike, June 5, 2014

1 Intro2 BParticipant Selection3 Hardware & Software4 Logistics5 Research Objectives6 Conclusion

eBike Survey

Survey to CS/Math/ENV staff/grads

1. Knowledge & attitudesB please provide up to 20 thoughts on e-bikes

2. Transport-related motives/emotionsB how important is safety when choosing transport?

3. Anticipated usageB how many kms will you ride daily in summer?

4. Background infoB what is your age/gender/profession?

5 / 20: Participant Selection WeBike, June 5, 2014

eBike Survey

Survey to CS/Math/ENV staff/grads

1. Knowledge & attitudesB please provide up to 20 thoughts on e-bikes

2. Transport-related motives/emotionsB how important is safety when choosing transport?

3. Anticipated usageB how many kms will you ride daily in summer?

4. Background infoB what is your age/gender/profession?

5 / 20: Participant Selection WeBike, June 5, 2014

eBike Survey

Survey to CS/Math/ENV staff/grads

1. Knowledge & attitudesB please provide up to 20 thoughts on e-bikes

2. Transport-related motives/emotionsB how important is safety when choosing transport?

3. Anticipated usageB how many kms will you ride daily in summer?

4. Background infoB what is your age/gender/profession?

5 / 20: Participant Selection WeBike, June 5, 2014

eBike Survey

Survey to CS/Math/ENV staff/grads

1. Knowledge & attitudesB please provide up to 20 thoughts on e-bikes

2. Transport-related motives/emotionsB how important is safety when choosing transport?

3. Anticipated usageB how many kms will you ride daily in summer?

4. Background infoB what is your age/gender/profession?

5 / 20: Participant Selection WeBike, June 5, 2014

eBike Survey

Survey to CS/Math/ENV staff/grads

1. Knowledge & attitudesB please provide up to 20 thoughts on e-bikes

2. Transport-related motives/emotionsB how important is safety when choosing transport?

3. Anticipated usageB how many kms will you ride daily in summer?

4. Background infoB what is your age/gender/profession?

5 / 20: Participant Selection WeBike, June 5, 2014

Participant selection & balancing (Tobias)

1 N=165

2 Criteria met, N=69

3 Participants w/ > 10kms daily usage, N=29B Rest =“maybes”

4 Balanced {male, female} × {prof, grad student}B had only 4 female grads, + 2 “maybes”B Selected top 6 in each = 24

6 / 20: Participant Selection WeBike, June 5, 2014

1 Intro2 Participant Selection3 BHardware & Software4 Logistics5 Research Objectives6 Conclusion

The bikes

eProdigy Whistler ($2,000)

battery

Speed Range: Up to 45 kmph

Battery: LiON, 37V, 8.8 Ah, 325wh

Weight: 21 kg

Bat Life: “80% capacity after 1000+cycles”

Bat Weight: 2.5kg

7 / 20: Hardware & Software WeBike, June 5, 2014

Data being collected (every second)

1 Time

2 Location

3 Speed

4 Acceleration

5 Battery voltage (for SOC)

6 Instantaneous ROC (we know current and voltage)

7 Battery temperature (for safety/alerts)

8 Temp inside sensor box (for safety/alerts)

9 Light (theft)

8 / 20: Hardware & Software WeBike, June 5, 2014

Sensors

Galaxy S III I747 Phidget Interface Kit Phidget Voltage Sensor

Phidget I Digikey DC DC TemperatureTransducer Converter Sensors

9 / 20: Hardware & Software WeBike, June 5, 2014

Assembly - guides will be on iss4e.ca

10 / 20: Hardware & Software WeBike, June 5, 2014

Software

Sensors1 hz ...

1 hour of data

...1 hour of data

1 hour of data

1 hour of data

Compression Encrypted SSH Tunnel Server

Decompression & storage scriptsDB

wifi

11 / 20: Hardware & Software WeBike, June 5, 2014

1 Intro2 Participant Selection3 Hardware & Software4 BLogistics5 Research Objectives6 Conclusion

Incentivizing participation

Keep eBike after three years of data collection

Free charging on campus

Users can generate analyses of their dataB mobility and health statistics, route maps, etc

12 / 20: Logistics WeBike, June 5, 2014

Charging

Campus/public: battery can be detached w/ sensor boxB any outlet

Home: Partnership with Twente to design solar charging stationsB (also outlet)

13 / 20: Logistics WeBike, June 5, 2014

Theft

Theft “detection”B ReportedB Case openedB No data for unexpected, extended periodB Battery nearly dead (triggers alert), no response

In case of theft:B Each phone has a sim, pay per use planB Text the phone, it reports back GPS← Call bounty hunter

14 / 20: Logistics WeBike, June 5, 2014

1 Intro2 Participant Selection3 Hardware & Software4 Logistics5 BResearch Objectives6 Conclusion

Mathematical modeling

15 / 20: Research Objectives WeBike, June 5, 2014

Regression ex: what affects battery performance?

obsROC = f(extTemp, stnSpecs, batSpecs, batTemp, batSOC, chgCur)

16 / 20: Research Objectives WeBike, June 5, 2014

eBike to EV Mapping

17 / 20: Research Objectives WeBike, June 5, 2014

Many HCI Questions

What to display to user?B Calories, CO2 avoided, route, etc

Display medium?B Audibly?B Screen?B Frequency of refresh, amount of info, colors or text, etc

User input?B Do we need it?B Is it safe?

Effect of display choices on behavior

18 / 20: Research Objectives WeBike, June 5, 2014

Many HCI Questions

What to display to user?B Calories, CO2 avoided, route, etc

Display medium?B Audibly?B Screen?B Frequency of refresh, amount of info, colors or text, etc

User input?B Do we need it?B Is it safe?

Effect of display choices on behavior

18 / 20: Research Objectives WeBike, June 5, 2014

Many HCI Questions

What to display to user?B Calories, CO2 avoided, route, etc

Display medium?B Audibly?B Screen?B Frequency of refresh, amount of info, colors or text, etc

User input?B Do we need it?B Is it safe?

Effect of display choices on behavior

18 / 20: Research Objectives WeBike, June 5, 2014

Many HCI Questions

What to display to user?B Calories, CO2 avoided, route, etc

Display medium?B Audibly?B Screen?B Frequency of refresh, amount of info, colors or text, etc

User input?B Do we need it?B Is it safe?

Effect of display choices on behavior

18 / 20: Research Objectives WeBike, June 5, 2014

Can we predict actual usage?

1 Use survey results to calibrate a NN that predicts users’ usage

2 Correlate the NN output with their actual usage

http://arxiv.org/abs/1405.6230

19 / 20: Research Objectives WeBike, June 5, 2014

http://arxiv.org/abs/1405.6230

1 Intro2 Participant Selection3 Hardware & Software4 Logistics5 Research Objectives6 BConclusion

Conclusions

Scaled down version of EVs

Low carbon transport in rural areas

We want Global trial replicationB Comparison of mobility, attitudes, etc. across global regions

Horizon 2020: European $20bn research fundB Potsdam University

20 / 20: Conclusion WeBike, June 5, 2014

Extra

Other gotchas

Choice of phoneB Android supporting updates without user prompt

OTG mode to host multiple devicesB Required OS hacks, wire hacks

Sensor boxB Waterproof but lets heat dissipateB Size and placement (on battery or on bike)

User neglectB Our attempt: it’s yours after trialB Other options: deposit, bike conversion kit

Survey dishonesty w.r.t. usageB Our attempt: reclaim clause

Other gotchas

Choice of phoneB Android supporting updates without user prompt

OTG mode to host multiple devicesB Required OS hacks, wire hacks

Sensor boxB Waterproof but lets heat dissipateB Size and placement (on battery or on bike)

User neglectB Our attempt: it’s yours after trialB Other options: deposit, bike conversion kit

Survey dishonesty w.r.t. usageB Our attempt: reclaim clause

Other gotchas

Choice of phoneB Android supporting updates without user prompt

OTG mode to host multiple devicesB Required OS hacks, wire hacks

Sensor boxB Waterproof but lets heat dissipateB Size and placement (on battery or on bike)

User neglectB Our attempt: it’s yours after trialB Other options: deposit, bike conversion kit

Survey dishonesty w.r.t. usageB Our attempt: reclaim clause

Other gotchas

Choice of phoneB Android supporting updates without user prompt

OTG mode to host multiple devicesB Required OS hacks, wire hacks

Sensor boxB Waterproof but lets heat dissipateB Size and placement (on battery or on bike)

User neglectB Our attempt: it’s yours after trialB Other options: deposit, bike conversion kit

Survey dishonesty w.r.t. usageB Our attempt: reclaim clause

Other gotchas

Choice of phoneB Android supporting updates without user prompt

OTG mode to host multiple devicesB Required OS hacks, wire hacks

Sensor boxB Waterproof but lets heat dissipateB Size and placement (on battery or on bike)

User neglectB Our attempt: it’s yours after trialB Other options: deposit, bike conversion kit

Survey dishonesty w.r.t. usageB Our attempt: reclaim clause

IntroParticipant SelectionHardware & SoftwareLogisticsResearch ObjectivesConclusionExtra