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1Web Spoofing
Outline
•Motivation
•Web spoofing problem
•Web spoofing attacks – works done
•Web spoofing Countermeasures – works done
•New Idea
2Web Spoofing
Citibank scam - 2004
account holdercitibank
Not the real bankTricked to the wrong site
Your account was blocked , you have to fill a form in the
following link
3Web Spoofing
PayPal Targeted by Scam Artists - 2002
account holder
Not the real bankTricked to the wrong site
We are replacing the current system with a new one. click here to
fill your details.
https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr/?cmd=_login-run
http://www.paypalsys.com/
4Web Spoofing
Bank Leumi – potential scam
http://www.leumi.co.ilhttp://www.bankleumi.co.ilhttp://www.leumibank.co.ilhttp://www.bll.co.ilConsistency Lack Complex Url Structure
5Web Spoofing
Our Players
server authentication is possible.
user server
performs sensitive tasks.
Is the browser-user communication model secure enough to warrant this assumption.
6Web Spoofing
He Wants to
check his bank account
Great. I get
it.Intended site
Faked site
Other sites
Faked
Faked
SiteSite! !
Internet
Spoofing is pretending to be someone else.
Web Spoofing
The user surf a “faked site” as it was the real one he intended to.
7Web SpoofingFaked Site
•Site that imitate another one in its appearance and action for malicious purposes.
•To succeed , the imitation process must take into account the level of awareness of the potential victim.
Content imitation Content & Status imitation
•Imitate the page content
•Created by copying HTML files.
•“fine” for users who judge sites according to their Visual Context.
•page content as sent by the server
•Status information produced by the browser
•Actions must be imitated
•Requires some programming efforts.
•“fine” for sophisticated users.
8Web SpoofingHow the Users Get “Phished”
•Normal surfing
•Link in popular web page
•Search engine
•Web-enabled email
•Sent by the attacker
•Man in the middle attack
•The attacker sit between the user and the real site
9Web Spoofing
•Web spoofing: An Internet Con Game -1996•Edward W.Felten and others.•spoofing entire WWW
attacks
remed
yWorks Done
•Web Spoofing Revisited: SSL and Beyond – 2002•Zishuang , Yuan and Smith.•Can users believe what their browsers tell them?
•Trust on Web Browser: Attack vs. Defence•No author given
•Trusted Paths for Browsers: An Open-Source Solution to Web Spoofing – 2002
•Zishuang , Yuan and Smith.•Demonstrate Open source solution
10Web Spoofing
request url
www.attacker.org
www.server.com
real page content
1
23
4
change page
5
spoofed page content
Request real url
•Victim somehow lured into the attacker Web.
•Victim remains trapped in the attacker’s web due to url rewriting .
http://home.netscape.com
rewritten
http://www.attacker.org/ http://home.netscape.com
4
11Web Spoofing
Complete the Illusion
•Still there some evidence that may disclose the attack.
•Status Line
•Mouse click/move events written in javascript
•Location Line
•Replace the original with fake one.
•Viewing Document Source
•Hide the menu bar and provide another
•SSL evidence do not help
•The secure connection made against the attacker’s site.
12Web Spoofing•The target was WebBlitz , a web-based e-mail system.
•The language used was Javascript.
•They take into account the browser type.(Netscape , IE).
•Create new window with all bars turned off .
•They provide a interactive fake bars instead.
•The location bar get input from keyboard
•A fake statusbar with lock icon to indicate SSL session.
•The fake statusbar updated as needed
•SSL warning windows spoofed also.
•They spoof the server certificate that emerged when lock icon double clicked
•Images were cached to improve load time
13Web SpoofingCountermeasures
•Browser Configuration & recommendations
•Configuring browser settings: disable javascript
•Short term
•Maybe selective
•Make sure the location bar always visible
•Make sure the url points to the server you intended to
•Browser Extension
•Extending functionality so the user interface is safe
•Long term
Good solution must prevent web spoofing and keep the browser in full functionality.
14Web Spoofing
Abstract
•suggest a solution that defend against web spoofing.
•create a trusted path from the browser to the user.
•implemented in Mozilla: open source browser.
Design Criteria
•Effectiveness
•User can correctly recognize large amount of status info
•Work
•Cannot expect users to do a lot of work
•Intrusiveness
•Minimize intrusion on content
15Web Spoofing
Rejected Approaches
•Preventing the open of windows with status elements turned off.
•What about pop-up warning window
•What about certificate information pages
•Constrict the display of server pages
•User enter a “MAC phrase” at startup and browser insert it in each status element.
•Adding some phrase to the title of windows.
16Web SpoofingSolution
•marking scheme that servers could not predict.
•This scheme marks the trusted status content.
•Synchronized random dynamic boundaries
SRD Window Types
untrusted trusted
Server material Browser material
Style of boundary changes in random.
18Web Spoofing
New Idea
•Creating a safe region in the top of each browser window.
•It is out of loaded sites control.
•Enable personal skinning.
•SSL secured sites identified by a logo in this region.
•Credential logos will appear in this region
•Implemented in Mozilla browser.
20Web Spoofing
דפדפן הקמת ערוץ בטוח / אמות תעודת אתרשרת
TBSR רשימת המלצות ולוגויים ע"פ בקשה
המלצות נוספות מהאנטרנט
דפדפן משופר
Ineraction between TBRS and other entities