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8/14/2019 Water Scarcity DR Majeed
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An Assessment of Water Scarcity related diseasesamong the general population of all the three union
councils of Tehsil Taftan, District Chagai,
Balochistan.
Dr Abdul MajeedHSA
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Introduction
Water is an essential resource for life and good health
About 20-50 liters/capita/day of water is the minimumacceptable standard for living. (WHO)
According to WHO one fifth of the world's population (about1.2 billion people) lives in areas where the water is physicallyscarce
Water scarcity among the population lead to infrequentwashing and inadequate hygiene, thus increasing the risk ofdeveloping Skin and Eye Infections
Helminthic Infections
Certain diarrheas
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Water Privation Diseases
There are about 300 million cases of scabies in the world eachyear.
Scabies mites are found worldwide, affecting allsocioeconomic classes and in all climates. Epidemics have
been linked to poverty, poor water-supply, sanitation andovercrowding.
Trachoma is the main cause of preventable blindness in thedeveloping world effecting 3% of the world population, withfour million sufferers, an estimated 500 million at risk and sixmillion permanently blinded.
Trachoma is more prevalent in the rural communities of thedeveloping countries where water scarcity is an issue.
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Water Scarcity in Pakistan
Pakistan like the rest of the developing world is headed forserious water shortage in the near future
Drought in Balochistan in 1998-2001 has highlighted the
inadequate water for washing and hygienic purposes there byincreasing the risk of water washed diseases.
In the 1950s, Quetta was considered Pakistans prime orchard,
capable of providing fruit for the country and export but nowdue to Rising population, over-use of ground water and natural
droughts set biological life in danger.
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Rationale
The majority of research studies focused on common water borne diseases
but unfortunately little work is done particularly on Water washed diseases
which are caused by water scarcity and poor hygienic conditions such as
trachoma and scabies.
RATIONALE:
This study sets purpose to provide base line data on water scarcity
related diseases like scabies and Trachoma, which will yield
recommendations from the data collected and at the end the whole
community can be benefited by the formulation of policies
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Aim and Objectives
AIM
To improve health status of people by improving water
scarcity
OBJECTIVES
To determine the frequency of water shortage related diseases(Scabies and Trachoma) among the general population aged
between 15-65 years in all three union councils of Tehsil Taftan,
District Chagai in given period of study.
To assess the knowledge of people regarding water scarcity related
diseases.
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Operational Definitions
Scabies: An individual having itchy sores and lesions
mainly between the fingers, wrists, elbows, breasts
and pubic areas.
Trachoma: An individual having sticky eye
discharge with soreness and swelling of the eyelids.
Water scarcity: An individual using less than 10
liters/day of water for his/her cooking, drinking and
washing purpose.
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Methodology Study design
Cross sectional descriptive study
Study Population Male and female aged 15-65 years residing in the study area
Study Area All Three union councils of Tehsil Taftan, District Chagai, Baluchistan
Pakistan Study Time Period
Study will be conducted in three months
Sampling technique Two stage random sampling
In all three union councils of study area, from the list of villages, villageswill be selected through simple random technique and then houses will beselected through systemic random technique. Every kth house will beknocked and the person falling in the inclusion criteria will be selectedafter consent.
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Study Population
Inclusion Criteria
All male and female aged between 15 to 65 yrs
residing and working for more than one year in three
union councils of Tehsil Taftan, District chagai.
Exclusion Criteria
Persons having mental disability and chronic illness
Not residing in the study area for last one year Do not give consent for participation in the study.
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Methodology
Sample Size As we dont have data of prevalence of water scarcitydiseases, so we assume the prevalence as 50%.
By applying the formula:
n= p(1-p)e2
n= (0.5) (1-0.5) =100
0.052
Estimated sample size is 100Where
p :Prevalence
e2: Error
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Study Variables
Study Variables Water source
Distance from watersource
Methods of water fetching
Water storage methods
Amount of daily water use
No of rooms in a house
Share common towel
No. of bathes per week
Frequency of clothechanges
Frequency of bed clotheschanging
Frequency of housecleanliness
Knowledge regardingscabies
Knowledge regardingtrachoma
No of cases of having itchy
sores (scabies) patients No of cases having eye
infections (Trachoma)
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Methodology
Data Collection tool
The developed questionnaire will be used to collect theinformation on all study variables
Data Entry Data will be enter by the researcher using SPSS version16
Plan of Analysis
Descriptive statistics such as means, standard deviations,frequencies, rates, and ratios will be calculated for differentvariables
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Methodology
Data Security and Quality Management
Pilot testing of questionnaire will be carried out in another
union council other than the union councils of study.
Questionnaire will be kept in lock in key with the researcher.Field editing will be done of questionnaire. Researcher will
make sure that the data is collected properly by data collectors
by refilling the 5-10 questionnaire in the field daily
Ethical Consideration
Data will be collected after detailed written consent and
confidentiality of the data will be ensured at all levels.
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BUDGET
Heads Numbers Unit cost in PKR Duration Total costin PKR
Training of datacollectors/teams
3 300/day/person 2 days 1800
Per diem of teams 3 300/day/person 15 days 13500
Transportation 1 1000/day/vehicle 15 15000
Printing of questionnaire andconsent form
300 2/copy 600
Stationary/mailing/posting/in
ternet (Miscellaneous)
4500
Total 35400
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Tentative Research Work Plan
S.No Task
1
Research Design
(preparation and
approvalof proposSelection of data
collectors and thei
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THANKS