Water Scarcity DR Majeed

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    An Assessment of Water Scarcity related diseasesamong the general population of all the three union

    councils of Tehsil Taftan, District Chagai,

    Balochistan.

    Dr Abdul MajeedHSA

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    Introduction

    Water is an essential resource for life and good health

    About 20-50 liters/capita/day of water is the minimumacceptable standard for living. (WHO)

    According to WHO one fifth of the world's population (about1.2 billion people) lives in areas where the water is physicallyscarce

    Water scarcity among the population lead to infrequentwashing and inadequate hygiene, thus increasing the risk ofdeveloping Skin and Eye Infections

    Helminthic Infections

    Certain diarrheas

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    Water Privation Diseases

    There are about 300 million cases of scabies in the world eachyear.

    Scabies mites are found worldwide, affecting allsocioeconomic classes and in all climates. Epidemics have

    been linked to poverty, poor water-supply, sanitation andovercrowding.

    Trachoma is the main cause of preventable blindness in thedeveloping world effecting 3% of the world population, withfour million sufferers, an estimated 500 million at risk and sixmillion permanently blinded.

    Trachoma is more prevalent in the rural communities of thedeveloping countries where water scarcity is an issue.

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    Water Scarcity in Pakistan

    Pakistan like the rest of the developing world is headed forserious water shortage in the near future

    Drought in Balochistan in 1998-2001 has highlighted the

    inadequate water for washing and hygienic purposes there byincreasing the risk of water washed diseases.

    In the 1950s, Quetta was considered Pakistans prime orchard,

    capable of providing fruit for the country and export but nowdue to Rising population, over-use of ground water and natural

    droughts set biological life in danger.

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    Rationale

    The majority of research studies focused on common water borne diseases

    but unfortunately little work is done particularly on Water washed diseases

    which are caused by water scarcity and poor hygienic conditions such as

    trachoma and scabies.

    RATIONALE:

    This study sets purpose to provide base line data on water scarcity

    related diseases like scabies and Trachoma, which will yield

    recommendations from the data collected and at the end the whole

    community can be benefited by the formulation of policies

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    Aim and Objectives

    AIM

    To improve health status of people by improving water

    scarcity

    OBJECTIVES

    To determine the frequency of water shortage related diseases(Scabies and Trachoma) among the general population aged

    between 15-65 years in all three union councils of Tehsil Taftan,

    District Chagai in given period of study.

    To assess the knowledge of people regarding water scarcity related

    diseases.

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    Operational Definitions

    Scabies: An individual having itchy sores and lesions

    mainly between the fingers, wrists, elbows, breasts

    and pubic areas.

    Trachoma: An individual having sticky eye

    discharge with soreness and swelling of the eyelids.

    Water scarcity: An individual using less than 10

    liters/day of water for his/her cooking, drinking and

    washing purpose.

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    Methodology Study design

    Cross sectional descriptive study

    Study Population Male and female aged 15-65 years residing in the study area

    Study Area All Three union councils of Tehsil Taftan, District Chagai, Baluchistan

    Pakistan Study Time Period

    Study will be conducted in three months

    Sampling technique Two stage random sampling

    In all three union councils of study area, from the list of villages, villageswill be selected through simple random technique and then houses will beselected through systemic random technique. Every kth house will beknocked and the person falling in the inclusion criteria will be selectedafter consent.

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    Study Population

    Inclusion Criteria

    All male and female aged between 15 to 65 yrs

    residing and working for more than one year in three

    union councils of Tehsil Taftan, District chagai.

    Exclusion Criteria

    Persons having mental disability and chronic illness

    Not residing in the study area for last one year Do not give consent for participation in the study.

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    Methodology

    Sample Size As we dont have data of prevalence of water scarcitydiseases, so we assume the prevalence as 50%.

    By applying the formula:

    n= p(1-p)e2

    n= (0.5) (1-0.5) =100

    0.052

    Estimated sample size is 100Where

    p :Prevalence

    e2: Error

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    Study Variables

    Study Variables Water source

    Distance from watersource

    Methods of water fetching

    Water storage methods

    Amount of daily water use

    No of rooms in a house

    Share common towel

    No. of bathes per week

    Frequency of clothechanges

    Frequency of bed clotheschanging

    Frequency of housecleanliness

    Knowledge regardingscabies

    Knowledge regardingtrachoma

    No of cases of having itchy

    sores (scabies) patients No of cases having eye

    infections (Trachoma)

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    Methodology

    Data Collection tool

    The developed questionnaire will be used to collect theinformation on all study variables

    Data Entry Data will be enter by the researcher using SPSS version16

    Plan of Analysis

    Descriptive statistics such as means, standard deviations,frequencies, rates, and ratios will be calculated for differentvariables

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    Methodology

    Data Security and Quality Management

    Pilot testing of questionnaire will be carried out in another

    union council other than the union councils of study.

    Questionnaire will be kept in lock in key with the researcher.Field editing will be done of questionnaire. Researcher will

    make sure that the data is collected properly by data collectors

    by refilling the 5-10 questionnaire in the field daily

    Ethical Consideration

    Data will be collected after detailed written consent and

    confidentiality of the data will be ensured at all levels.

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    BUDGET

    Heads Numbers Unit cost in PKR Duration Total costin PKR

    Training of datacollectors/teams

    3 300/day/person 2 days 1800

    Per diem of teams 3 300/day/person 15 days 13500

    Transportation 1 1000/day/vehicle 15 15000

    Printing of questionnaire andconsent form

    300 2/copy 600

    Stationary/mailing/posting/in

    ternet (Miscellaneous)

    4500

    Total 35400

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    Tentative Research Work Plan

    S.No Task

    1

    Research Design

    (preparation and

    approvalof proposSelection of data

    collectors and thei

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    THANKS