WASHINGTON ANIMAL DISEASE DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY

WASHINGTON ANIMAL DISEASE

DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY

Annual Report

FY 2014

July 1, 2013 through June 30, 2014

Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory

Washington State University

College of Veterinary Medicine

Pullman, WA

Main Laboratory

Puyallup, WA

Avian Health and Food Safety Branch Laboratory

WASHINGTON ANIMAL DISEASE DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY - ANNUAL REPORT FY2014

2

SUMMARY OF DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY WORK

July 1, 2013 – June 30, 2014

TABLE OF CONTENTS

WADDL Mission and Values 3

WADDL Annual Highlights 4-8

Definitions 9

WADDL Faculty, Staff, and Graduate Students 10-11

5-Year Total Accession Information (FY2010 - FY2014) 12

5-Year Total Laboratory Test Information (FY2010 - FY2014) 13

WADDL Accessions by State and by WA County 14

WADDL Budget and Budget Sources 15-16

5-Year WADDL Accessions by Lab. Section (FY2010-FY2014)

Total WADDL Tests by Species of Animal (FY2013 - FY2014)

17

17

Laboratory Examinations by Lab. Section (FY2013 - FY2014) 18-24

Avian Health and Food Safety Laboratory

Pathology

Parasitology

Aquatic Health

Virology

Molecular Diagnostics

Bacteriology

Serology

Immunohistochemistry

Antigen Detection (Infectious Agent)

Toxicology

18

18

19

19

19

20

21

22

23

23

24

WADDL Quality System Highlights and Proficiency Tests 25-26

Publications

Presentations (Poster Sessions, Letters, Invited

Addresses)

Book Chapters, Books, Book Reviews

Peer-reviewed Journal Articles

27-35

27-31

31-32

32-35


3

Mission

Our mission is to provide accurate, state-of-the-art, timely, and cost-effective

diagnostic services, consultation, disease surveillance and outreach in order to

safeguard animal health, the food supply and public health and to contribute to

the academic mission of the University and College of Veterinary Medicine

through discovery, scholarly activity, and education.

Values

As a combined service and educational unit within a land grant University, the

Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (WADDL) occupies a unique

position that links the University to public and private stakeholders. We recognize

and value the importance of our role in providing a positive, responsive interface

between Washington State University and the animal and public health

community, and between our stakeholders and the academic community.

We value collegial service and outreach to our constituents, which include the

practicing veterinary community, the agricultural animal industry, animal and

public health regulatory agencies, companion animal owners, and the general

public. We also place a very high value on quality, both in service to and

communication with our clientele.

In addition to general diagnostics, we endorse and highly value the critical role we

play in surveillance and detection of emerging and exotic diseases, whether

introduced accidentally or deliberately with intention to disrupt the nation’s food

supply. We value our role as a reference laboratory, our role in helping to assure

a safe food supply, our vital contribution to maintaining international trade of

agricultural animal products, our critical role in public health, and our ability to

contribute to the discipline of diagnostic medicine through education and training

of professional veterinary diagnosticians and discovery of new knowledge.

The Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory is guided by a commitment

to excellence, and endorses the core values of Washington State University,

including Quality and Excellence, Integrity, Trust and Respect, Discovery,

Innovation and Creativity, Land-Grant Ideals, Diversity and Global Citizenship,

Freedom of Expression, & Stewardship and Accountability.


4

WADDL Highlights

1. Disease Surveillance Testing (Animals Tested):

Aquatic Health Viral Culture screening

Epizootic hematopoietic necrosis virus

Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus

Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus

Oncorhynchus masou virus

Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus

Infectious salmon anemia virus

Spring Viremia of Carp

9,268

Aquatic Health Bacterial screening 7,671

Aquatic Health Bacterial Kidney Disease 3,969

Avian influenza 2,714

Bovine anaplasmosis 3,302

Bovine brucellosis 8,504

Bovine leukosis 2,141

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) 6,658

Bovine trichomoniasis 2,007

Bovine virus diarrhea virus-PI–cattle 4,708

Caseous lymphadenitis (sheep and goats) 7,812

Johne’s disease (cattle, sheep, goats) 8,422

Leptospirosis (multiple species) 6,897

Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (bighorn and domestic

sheep)

3,746

Selenium (multiple species) 2,546

Sheep / Goat scrapie 1,528

Trace Element and Metals (multiple species) 1,478


5

Program surveillance testing at WADDL is done through WSU-WADDL programs,

specific state or regional interagency agreements or contracts, and WADDL

participation in the federal laboratory networks for animal health (National Animal

Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN) of the United States Department of

Agriculture), public health (Laboratory Response Network of the Centers of

Disease Control and Prevention) and animal foods and feeds (US Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) Veterinary Response Network (FDA Vet-LIRN).


6

2. New or Continued Surveillance Programs/Contracts/Agreements

USDA National Animal Health Laboratory Network Disease Surveillance

Program (African Swine Fever, Avian Influenza, Bovine Spongiform

Encephalopathy, Classical Swine Fever, Chronic Wasting Disease, Exotic

Newcastle’s Disease, Foot and Mouth Disease, Infectious Salmon Anemia

Virus, Scrapie)

FDA-Center of Veterinary Medicine

o Cooperative Agreement for Surveillance of Salmonella Carriage in

Dogs and Cats

o Expanded Testing Methods for Elements and Metals in Animal

Diagnostic Specimens

o Veterinary Investigation and Response Network for Contamination

Events in Animal Foods and Feeds

Washington Department of Agriculture (WSDA)-WADDL Interagency

Agreement

o Disease Surveillance (Bovine and cervid brucellosis, Porcine

pseudorabies, Bovine trichomoniasis, Bovine tuberculosis)

o Foreign Animal Disease Outbreak Investigation

Washington State Department of Health

o CDC Laboratory Response Network for Bioterrorism

o West Nile Virus Testing Program

Washington Horse Racing Commission Postmortem Examination Program

Aquatic Health

o Nebraska Game and Parks Commission Fish Health Inspection

Program

o New Mexico Fish and Game Department

o Wyoming Game and Fish Department

o Nevada Department of Wildlife Disease

Arizona National Poultry Improvement Plan Surveillance

California Department of Fish and Game Bighorn Sheep Surveillance

Nevada Department of Agriculture Diagnostic Services

Nevada Department of Wildlife: Bighorn Sheep Surveillance

Arizona Department of Game and Fish: Bighorn Sheep Surveillance


7

3. Personnel Changes (New or Lateral Hires):

Departures

Joe Beier, Histology

Dr. Kevin Lahmers, Pathology

Dr. James Stanton, Pathology

Claire Warren, Avian Health & Food Safety Laboratory

Jason Wetzel, Information Technology

New Faculty and Staff

Dr. Dharani Ajithdoss, Pathology

Nicole Dossey, Sample Receiving

Larry Hughes, Information Technology

Rebecca Kottke, Molecular Diagnostics

Dr. Josh Ramsay, Pathology

Andrew Vo, Aquaculture

4. Capital and Equipment Improvements

Capital Improvements

WADDL –Puyallup (Avian Health and Food Safety Laboratory)

o Necropsy and Biowaste Renewal Project

o VOIP Phone System Upgrade

o Security System Upgrade

Equipment Improvements

WADDL-Pullman: Replaced desktop computers

o Bacteriology: MALDI-TOF Biotyper CM System; 2 Zeiss

Microscopes

o Histology: Rotary Microtome

o Serology: Microplate Reader software; Ultra-low chest freezer

o Sample Receiving: Established new section to receive, record, and

distribute samples to the various WADDL sections.

WADDL-Puyallup (Avian Health and Food Safety Laboratory)

o Bio-Rad Gel Imager

o Egg Incubator

o Leased new copier/scanning machine

o Remodel room for new section


8

5. Discovery:

Scholarly Activity

WADDL faculty and staff in FY2014 wrote 37 peer-reviewed publications

and 13 book chapters, and made 41 presentations at regional, state, or

national / international meetings (details in “Publications in WADDL by

Faculty and Staff, pages 27-35)

Diseases / Disease Agent Discoveries

o Very Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) associated

high mortality in Washington chickens

o Equine Herpesvirus-7 like gamma herpesvirus associated

abortion in donkeys

o Sarcocystis chalchasi encephalitis in psittacine birds

Tests developed / implemented

o MALDI-TOF Biotyper 24 turnaround time on bacterial cultures

o Coxiella burnetii immunohistochemistry

o Infectious bursal disease virus PCR

o Salmonella spp. PCR


9

DEFINITIONS:

Accession: specimen(s) of one animal species or miscellaneous substances

belonging to one owner, and submitted at one time

Aquatic Laboratory Exams: each fish or tissue pool tested

Bacteriologic Examinations: each tissue sample cultured or examined

Examination: individual laboratory test or slide examined

Fixed Tissue: biopsy or necropsy tissue submitted in a fixed state

FY: Fiscal year (July 1 – June 30)

Laboratory Test: each specimen examined by a procedure to detect, identify or

quantify one or more significant substances to establish the nature of a condition

or disease.

Pathology slides: number of slides examined histologically

Pathology tissues: number of tissues examined histologically

Immunohistochemistry slides: number of slides examined

immunohistochemically

Laboratory Animal: rabbits, mice, hamsters, monkeys, rats, guinea pigs, etc.

Molecular Diagnostics: each test performed

Necropsy: each whole animal examined

Parasitology: each test performed

Serology: each test performed

Toxicology: each analysis performed

Virus Isolation: each specimen cultured


10

WADDL Personnel

Laboratory Section Name Position

Administration

McElwain, Terry Professor, Executive Director

Baszler, Tim Professor, Director

Leathers, Charles Professor, Associate Director

Administration Support Hagen, Kathleen Administrative Manager

Budget and Finance Weber, Judy Fiscal Specialist Supervisor

Aukerman, Denise Fiscal Technician 3

Front Office Olson, Diana Patient Services Supervisor

Boe, Judy Medical Transcriptionist 2

Everett, Erica Office Assistant 2

Quality System Lukens, Pat Quality Manager

Alexander, Trevor Quality Assistant (0.5FTE)

Aquatic Health Snekvik, Kevin Associate Professor, Section Head,

ACVP Diplomate

Thompson, Jim Laboratory Manager

Lecoq, Merri Microbiologist 1

McMenamin, Katie Microbiologist 2

Reno, Jo-Lynn Laboratory Technician 2

Rockefeller, Joe Microbiologist 2

Vo, Andrew Laboratory Technician 1

Avian Health and Food

Safety Laboratory

(WADDL-Puyallup Branch

Laboratory)

Crespo, Rocio Associate Professor and Branch Chief

Masse, Jon Laboratory Technician 2

Meyer, Lynn Office Assistant 3

Perry, Stu Microbiologist 1

Warren, Claire Microbiologist 2

Weber, Sylvia Microbiologist 3

Williams, Cheryl Microbiologist 1

Bacteriology / Central

Processing/Parasitology Diaz-Campos, Dubra Assistant Professor, Section Head,

Teitzel, Charlene Microbiologist 3 / Supervisor

Alexander, Trevor Microbiologist 2 (0.5FTE)

Baisley, Jennifer Laboratory Technician 2

Maddox, Timberly Microbiologist 1

Mellick, Dena Microbiologist 2

Wooten, Jeannine Microbiologist 1 (0.5FTE)

ImmunoDiagnostics /

Virology Evermann, James Professor, Section Head

Evans, Lusha Laboratory Manager

Merritt, Catherine Microbiologist 1

Noble, Kathy Microbiologist 2

Shiflett, Jessica Microbiologist 1

Tanaka, Lorraine Microbiologist 2

Wang, Tao Scientific Assistant


11

Information Systems Reichardt, Niles Head, Medical Informatics

Hughes, Larry Info Systems Project Leader

Whiteman, Aaron Info Systems Coordinator

Histology /

Immunohistochemistry Leathers, Charles Professor, Section Head

Leonard, Cassie Laboratory Manager

Babcock, Jennifer Histologic Technician 1

Bailey, Gisela Histotechnologist

Beier, Joesph Histologic Technician 1

Smith, Lon Histotechnologist

Molecular Diagnostics Besser, Tom Professor, Section Head, ACVM

Diplomate

Bradway, Dan Laboratory Manager

Kottke, Rebecca Scientific Assistant

Bjorklund, Nicole Microbiologist 1

Wolking, Rebecca Microbiologist 1

Wooten, Jeanne Microbiologist 1

Necropsy / Pathology

Ajithdoss, Dharani Assistant Professor, ACVP Diplomate

Baszler, Tim Professor, ACVP Diplomate

Haldorson, Gary Associate Professor, ACVP Diplomate

Leathers, Charles Professor, ACLAM Diplomate

Nelson, Danielle Assistant Professor, ACVP Diplomate

Potter, Kathleen Associate Professor, ACVP Diplomate

Ramsay, Josh Instructor

Snekvik, Kevin Associate Professor, ACVP Diplomate

Prahinski, Kip Laboratory Technician 2

Sample Receiving

Nadine Timm Laboratory Manager

Patricia Yager Laboratory Technician 1

Nicole Dossey Laboratory Technician 1

Toxicology

Talcott, Patricia Professor, ACVT Diplomate

Graduate Students

Microbiology Pathology

Huntsberry, Claire Balmer Bethany Ochoa, Jennine

LeCuyer, Tessa Fry, Lindsay Pastenkos, Gabrielle

Rogovskyy, Artem Macias, Melissa Schmidt, Carrie

Magunda, Foregivemore Williams, Laura

Munoz, Juan


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Annual Total Accession (Case) Information

The 5-year trend from FY2010 - FY2014 in WADDL accessions (client cases processed) was upward, increasing from 18,106 in 2010 to 19,046 in 2014 (+5.2%). In FY 2014 WADDL-Pullman received 82.1% of total accessions and WADDL-AHFSL received 17.9% of total accessions. Compared to FY 2013, FY2014 total WADDL accessions increased 2.5% (+465 accessions), reflecting a 1.9% increase at Pullman (+290 accessions) and a 5.9% increase at AHFSL (+191 accessions).

18,106

20,32419,555

18,56619,046

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

20,000

22,000

2010 (FY) 2011 (FY) 2012 (FY) 2013 (FY) 2014 (FY)

Total WADDL Accessions FY2010 - FY2014 WADDL-Pullman and WADDL-Puyallup (AHFSL)

15,56915,994 15,723

15,34115,630

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

2010(FY)

2011(FY)

2012(FY)

2013(FY)

2014(FY)

Accessions-PullmanFY2010- FY2014

2,537

4,330

3,832

3,2253,416

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

2010(FY)

2011(FY)

2012(FY)

2013(FY)

2014(FY)

Accessions-Puyallup (AHFSL) FY2010 - FY2014


13

Annual Total Laboratory Examination (Test) Information The 5-year trend from FY2010 - FY2014 in WADDL laboratory tests conducted decreased from 342,415 to 232,083 (-32.2%). The dramatic decrease in test numbers was due to loss of the USDA Bovine Brucellosis Slaughter Surveillance Program in Washington State in FY2012 (federal budget reductions). In FY2013 WADDL-Pullman conducted 85.7% of total laboratory tests and WADDL-Puyallup (AHFSL) conducted 14.3% of total laboratory tests. Compared to FY 2013, FY2014 total WADDL laboratory tests decreased 4% (-13,313 tests), reflecting a 6.7% decrease at Pullman (-14,267 tests) and a 3% increase at WADDL-Puyallup (AHFSL) (+954 tests).

341,914

365,589

248,886241,865 240,630

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

2010 (FY) 2011 (FY) 2012 (FY) 2013 (FY) 2014 (FY)

Total WADDL Laboratory Tests FY2010 - FY2014WADDL-Pullman and WADDL-Puyallup (AHFSL)

137,723

156,973

34,342 32,299 33,253

2,000

22,000

42,000

62,000

82,000

102,000

122,000

142,000

162,000

2010(FY) 2011(FY) 2012(FY) 2013(FY) 2014(FY)

LaboratoryTests-Puyallup(AHFSL)FY2010-FY2014

204,692 208,115198,830

5,000

55,000

105,000

155,000

205,000

2010(FY) 2011(FY) 2012(FY) 2013(FY) 2014(FY)

LabortoryTests-PullmanFY2010-FY2014

214,544 213,097

214,544


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Total WADDL Accessions by State

Total Washington Accessions by WA County

Whitman County includes WSU Veterinary Teaching Hospital

County Accessions % County Accessions % County Accessions %

Adams 47 0.38% Island 47 0.38% Skagit 530 4.33%

Asotin 260 2.12% Jefferson 28 0.23% Skamania 5 0.04%

Benton 308 2.52% King 1074 8.78% Snohomish 733 5.99%

Chelan 75 0.61% Kitsap 141 1.15% Spokane 763 6.23%

Clallam 73 0.60% Kittitas 138 1.13% Stevens 136 1.11%

Clark 194 1.59% Klickitat 146 1.19% Thurston 1477 12.07%

Columbia 34 0.28% Lewis 199 1.63% Wahkiakum 26 0.21%

Cowlitz 23 0.19% Lincoln 175 1.43% Walla Walla 394 3.22%

Douglas 22 0.18% Mason 29 0.24% Whatcom 617 5.04%

Ferry 19 0.16% Okanogan 187 1.53% Whitman 1509 12.33%

Franklin 390 3.19% Pacific 25 0.20% Yakima 378 3.09%

Garfield 27 0.22% Pend Oreille 17 0.14% Not reported 0 0.00%

Grant 284 2.32% Pierce 602 4.92%

Grays Harbor 34 0.28% San Juan 29 0.24% TOTAL 12,238 100%

State Accession % State Accession %

Alaska 447 2.35% Nebraska 82 0.43%

Alabama 12 0.06% Nevada 193 1.01%

Arkansas 11 1.01% New Hampshire 33 0.17%

Arizona 192 1.01% New Jersey 24 0.13%

California 439 2.30% New Mexico 107 0.56%

Colorado 104 0.55% New York 148 0.78%

Connecticut 30 0.16% North Carolina 34 0.18%

Delaware 0 0.00% North Dakota 7 0.04%

District of Columbia 3 0.02% Ohio 79 0.41%

Florida 78 0.41% Oklahoma 9 0.05%

Georgia 41 0.22% Oregon 883 4.64%

Hawaii 25 0.13% Pennsylvania 51 0.27%

Idaho 1,849 9.71% Rhode Island 5 0.03%

Illinois 32 0.17% South Carolina 7 0.04%

Indiana 48 0.25% South Dakota 27 0.14%

Iowa 278 1.46% Tennessee 52 0.27%

Kansas 8 0.04% Texas 80 0.42%

Kentucky 26 0.14% Utah 115 0.60%

Louisiana 21 0.11% Vermont 7 0.04%

Maine 96 0.50% Virginia 30 0.16%

Maryland 29 0.15% Washington 12,238 64.25%

Massachusetts 59 0.31% West Virginia 20 0.11%

Michigan 145 0.76% Wisconsin 26 0.14%

Minnesota 29 0.15% Wyoming 21 0.11%

Mississippi 8 0.04% Other 117 0.61%

Missouri 37 0.19%

Montana 604 3.17% Total 19,046 100.00%


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FY 2014 WADDL Budget and Budget Sources

In FY 2014, the total WADDL budget from all budget sources (State, Revenue,

Grants and Contracts, and other) was $4,973,090. The majority of the WADDL

Budget (63%) was provided by non-State sources and includes revenue generated

from general fees for service (45%), and Grants and Contracts (18%) for state and

federal surveillance testing programs.

WADDL receives no state funding for operations. All state funding is expended for

faculty and staff salaries; state funding covers approximately 50% of total

personnel expenses.

Every state dollar invested in WADDL results in approximately $3 output from

WADDL through revenue generation or extramural grants and contracts (300%

return on investment).

36%

46%

18%

0%

FY 2014 WADDL Funding SourcesTotal = $4,973,090

State

Self-Sustaining

Grants

Other


16

5 Year Trend for WADDL Budget and Budget Sources (FY2010 - FY2014)

The 5-year trend in total WADDL budget from FY2010 – FY2014 in total budget was increased $296,316 (+6.6%), primarily from an increase in fee-for-service revenue of $268,766 (+12.2%). Compared to FY2013, FY2014 total fee-for-service revenue increased $72,652 (+3.3%). Compared to FY2013, FY2014 total state support increased $75,426 (4.5%) due to “across the board” professional staff and faculty salary increases granted and funded by the state. On a percentage of total budget basis, the 5-year budget trend is relatively flat for state support (blue bars), increasing for self-sustaining revenue (red bars), and relatively flat for direct grants and contracts (light green bars).

FY 2010

FY 2011

FY 2012

FY 2013

FY 2014

1,810,602

1,659,531

1,631,069

1,666,767

1,742,193

2,036,089

2,273,198

2,526,052

2,232,203

2,304,855

875,936

1,006,642

862,982

851,136

870,981

11,540

37,188

73,661

87,085

55,062

Direct State Appropriations Fee-for-Service Revenue

Grants and Contracts Other


17

Total WADDL Tests by Laboratory Section (FY2010 - FY2014)

Total WADDL Accessions by Species of Animal (FY2013 - FY2014)

Total WADDL-Pullman

Accessions by Species

2014

(FY)

2013

(FY)

Total WADDL-AHFSL

Accessions by Species

2014

(FY)

2013

(FY)

Avian 319 340 Avian 866 1079

Bovine 2538 2680 Domestic Cow 138 149

Camelid 236 288 Domestic Goat 281 7

Canine 5074 4986 Environmental 65 274

Caprine 2521 2419 Food Product 1740 1277

Equine 1403 1312 Pig 9 20

Feline 777 837 Water 257 249

Fish 555 614 Other 38 170

Ovine 490 499 Total 3394 3225

Porcine 87 74

Wildlife/Other 1307 1292

Total 15307 15341

2010 (FY) 2011 (FY) 2012 (FY) 2013 (FY) 2014 (FY)

WADDL-Puyallup (Avian Health

Food Safety Laboratory) 137,723 156,973 34,342 32,299 33,253

Aquaculture 24,424 27,502 25,209 24,507 27,180

Bacteriology 11,691 10,042 11,346 10,775 8,058

BSE Lab (BSE and CWD) 8,607 5,617 8,727 7,639 6,658

Histopathology (Necropsy and

Surgical Biopsy) 5,164 5,307 4,760 4,423 4,609

Immunohistochemistry 2,753 1,762 1,386 1,774 1,800

Molecular Diagnostics 11,415 15,557 12,520 14,379 13,093

Necropsy 982 1,022 1,004 977 1,249

Parasitiology 3,570 2,910 2,288 2,548 2,208

Pathology Tissues 63,087 68,343 67,095 67,264 66,277

Serology 65,700 62,652 75,090 74,182 60,713

Toxicology 4,975 4,474 3,487 3,531 5,269

Virology (Electron Microscopy,

Isolation and ELISA) 2,324 2,927 1,632 1,098 1,716

Total 342,415 365,088 248,886 245,396 232,083


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Laboratory Examinations by Individual Branch / Section

WADDL-Puyallup (Avian Health and Food Safety Laboratory)

WADDL Pullman Laboratory

PATHOLOGY BY SPECIES

Avian 69 5.52% 44 5.19% 13 0.35%

Bovine 168 13.45% 308 36.36% 23 0.61%

Canine 242 19.38% 95 11.22% 3055 81.21%

Caprine 60 4.80% 49 5.79% 11 0.29%

Equine 84 6.73% 25 2.95% 212 5.64%

Feline 113 9.05% 33 3.90% 362 9.62%

Lab Animal 141 11.29% 51 6.02% 15 0.40%

Ovine 49 3.92% 81 9.56% 1 0.03%

Porcine 44 3.52% 47 5.55% 2 0.05%

Other 279 22.34% 114 13.46% 68 1.81%

FY2014 TOTAL 1249 100% 847 100% 3762 100%

PATHOLOGY BY SPECIES

Avian 64 6.60% 29 4.80% 36 0.90%

Bovine 132 13.50% 78 13.00% 61 1.60%

Canine 195 20.00% 151 25.20% 2,968 77.60%

Caprine 43 4.40% 26 4.30% 18 0.50%

Equine 79 8.10% 44 7.30% 244 6.40%

Feline 132 13.50% 100 16.70% 398 10.40%

Lab Animal 155 15.90% 46 7.70% 14 0.40%

Ovine 87 8.90% 66 11.00% 13 0.30%

Porcine 35 3.60% 18 3.00% 5 0.10%

Other 55 5.60% 41 6.80% 67 1.80%

FY2013 TOTAL 977 100% 599 100% 3,824 100%

NECROPSY

HISTOPATHOLOGY

FROM NECROPSY SURGICAL BIOPSY

NECROPSY

HISTOPATHOLOGY

FROM NECROPSY SURGICAL BIOPSY

FY 2014 FY 2013

Bacteriology 3,072 2,980

Brucella Slaughter Testing 0 0

Food Safety 15,946 17,942

Histopathoolgy 148 158

Molecular Diagnostics 2,989 1,303

Necropsy 652 158

Parasitology 19 16

Serology 10,425 9,741

Virology 2 1

Total 33,253 32,299


19

WADDL – Pullman Laboratory PARASITOLOGY 2014 2013

Baermann 202 260 Fecal Flotation 1892 2,066 Liver Fluke Sedimentation 8 58 Parasite Identification 106 164

TOTAL PARASITOLOGY 2,208 2,548

AQUATIC HEALTH LABORATORY EXAMINATIONS

2014 2013

Health Inspection Testing Aquatic bacterial screen 7,671 6,892 BKD 3,969 3,626 Piscirickettsia salmonis 2,109 1,980 Aquatic viral culture 9,268 8,190 Diagnostic Testing Aquatic aerobic culture 265 614 Aquatic anaerobic culture 1 2 Aquatic susceptibility 0 0 Aquatic fungal culture 1 0 Aquatic viral isolation 17 29 Pathology Aquatic necropsy 21 25 Aquatic histopathology 718 939 M. cerebralis histopathology 300 435 External parasite (Histo) 5 0 Parasitology M. cerebralis digest 2.389 1,691 C. shasta smear 446 84 External parasite screen 0 0 Amoebic Gill Disease 0 0

TOTAL AQUACULTURE 27,180 24,507

TERRESTRIAL ANIMAL VIROLOGY 2014 2013

Viral Identification-EM 290 319 Viral Isolation 177 265

TOTAL VIROLOGY* 467 584 *No Viral antigen ELISA, See ImmunoDiagnostics


20

WADDL – Pullman Laboratory

MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS 2014 2013

Standard and Real time PCR

Anaplasma marginale 249 593

Aquaculture 1,953 1,580

Bacterial 46 13

Bluetongue 62 65

Bovine Virus Diarrhea Virus 4,708 6,899

Clostridium perfringens 71 85

Contagious ecthyma (Orf) 20 0

Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia 231 0

Classical Swine Fever Virus 34 16

E. coli virulence 40 73

Avian Influenza 256 475

Equine Herpesvirus 1 19 58

Exotic Newcastle' Disease Virus 0 3

Canine Influenza Virus 1 1

Enzootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus 41 63

Lumpy Skin Disease Virus 0 0

Malignant Catarrhal Fever Virus 61 44

Miscellaneous PCR 252

Mycobact. avium spp. paratuberculosis 138 147

Mycoplasma spp. 39 30

Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae 2,485 1,695

Neospora caninum 17 10

Nested PCR 4 4

PCR from tissue 146 114

Rhodococcus equi 2 8

Toxoplasma gondii 9 19

Tritrichomonas foetus 2,007 2,183

West Nile Virus 36 61

DNA sequencing 98 67

Fungal ID by sequencing 28 25

Mycobacterium ID by sequencing 39 44

Select Agent PCR

African Swine Fever by PCR 0 0

Foot and mouth disease by PCR 1 2

Francisella tularemia 0 2

Rinderpest virus by PCR 0 0

TOTAL 13,093 14,379


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BACTERIOLOGY 2014 2013

Cultures & Identifications Aerobic 3,840 4,457

Anaerobic 724 931

Blood 94 100

Milk Bulk tank 12 2

Campylobacter spp. 96 166

Clostridium difficile 68 42

Clostridium perfringen 148 171

Cold enrichment culture 0 0

Enterococcus spp. 15 9

Fecal culture 777 702

Feed culture 1 7

Mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis 25 31

Listeria spp. 34 25

Mastitis culture 68 184

Mycobacterium spp. 18 51

Mycology culture 243 222

Mycoplasma spp. 466 1,210

Salmonella spp. 90 235

Tritrichomonas spp. 3 22

Ureaplasma spp. 14 13

Susceptibilities

K/B Susceptibility 0 0

MIC Susceptibility 574 714

Other Bacteriology

Bacteriologic Stains 1,136 1,182

Clostridium difficile Toxin Test 67 39

Clostridium spp. F/A 8 12

Leptospirosis spp. F/A 179 186

Salmonella spp. Serotyping 65 62

TOTAL 8,765 10,775


22


IMMUNODIAGNOSTICS / SEROLOGY 2014 2013

Anaplasma marginale 3,302 5,333

Bluetongue Virus 854 2,602

Bovine Leukosis Virus 2,141 3,186

Bovine Parainfluenza-3 638 553

BRSV 606 546

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus 1,130 1,190

Brucella abortus 8,504 13,198

Brucella canis 47 0

Brucella ovis 290 115

Canine Adenovirus 30 59

Canine Coronavirus 1 47

Canine Distemper Virus 851 349

Canine Herpesvirus 15 22

Canine Parainfluenza 8 21

Canine Parvovirus 360 316

Small Ruminant Lentivirus (CAEV, OPP) 12,264 16,544

Caseous Lymphadenitis 7,812 8,670

Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease 550 561

Equine Herpes Virus 57 52

Equine Infectious Anemia Virus 1,325 731

Equine Viral Arteritis 865 346

Feline Calicivirus 34 20

Feline Coronavirus/FIP 163 51

Feline Herpesvirus 37 60

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus 51 5

Feline Panleukopenia Virus 105 46

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus 767 655

Johne's Disease 8,422 7,811

Leptospira MAT 6,897 7,557

Malignant Catarrhal Fever Virus 0 104

Mycobacterium bovis gamma interferon 87 81

Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae 1,261 1,540

Neospora caninum 902 1,000

Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Virus 0 611

Porcine Parvovirus 9 10

Pseudorabies Virus 63 0

Toxoplasma gondii 235 125

Vesicular Stomatitis Virus 0 38

West Nile Virus 30 27

TOTAL SEROLOGY 60,713 74,182


23


IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY PROCEDURES 2014 2013

IMMUNODIAGNOSTICS / ANTIGEN DETECTION 2014 2013

Infectious agents-Viruses

BSE 6,658 7512

Bovine Coronavirus 2 0

BRSV-Ag 57 121 Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus 2 6

BVD-Ag 708 573

Bovine Virus Diarrhea Virus 13 24

Bovine Enteric Virus 0 0

Canine Coronavirus 3 1



Chlamydophila 38 43

Canine parvovirus 11 6

CWD Ag ELISA 0 127

Equine Herpesvirus-1 1 0

Feline Leukemia Virus 62 12

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus 20 5

TOTAL 8,374 8,737

Feline coronavirus (FIP) 8 18 Feline parvovirus (panleukopenia) 2 7 Parainfluenza Virus-3 1 0

Prions (Chronic Wasting Disease) 33 95 Prions (Sheep and Goat Scrapie) 1,528 1,371

Infectious agents-Bacteria & Protozoa

Coxiella 3 1 Leptospira 4 24 Listeria 0 7 Sarcocystis 0 0 Toxoplasma 0 0

Tumor Cell Markers

B-lymphocyte 41 53

Chromatogranin 0 1 Cytokeratin 24 17 Desmin 3 9 Factor VIII 11 10 GFAP 1 1 Lamda Light Chain 7 5 Melan A 5 16 Muscle Actin 4 8 Neurofilament 2 0 Synaptophysin 1 1 T-lymphocyte 43 55 Vimentin 20 19 TOTAL 1,800 1,774


24


University of Idaho Analytical Sciences Laboratory

TOXICOLOGY 2014 2013 2014 2013

Acetylcholinesterase - blood 5 2 Mercury 27 19

Aflatoxin 17 11 Metaldehyde 2 1

Ammonia 10 6 Micro elements 0 3

Anticoagulant rodenticide screen -blood* 3 0 Moisture percent 10 0

Anticoagulant rodenticide screen -tissue* 15 10 Molybdenum 0 7

Arsenic - blood/serum 3 2 Nitrate - feed 7 15

Ash % 0 1 Nitrate - ocular fluid / serum 19 20

Carbamate pesticide screen 6 1 Nitrate/nitrite - water 4 0

Carbon & Nitrogen 3 0 Nitrite - feed 0 3

Chloride - Nitric 2 0 Nitrite - ocular/serum 0 1

Chlorinated Herbicides - Limited 0 0 Organochlorine pesticide screen 10 12

Cyanide 3 0 Organophosphorus/nitrogen screen 20 8

Sample prep (filter, etc.) 2 18 PCB Congener 5 8

Water metals - ICP - Dissolved 3 1 pH 4 3

Water metals - ICP - Total 1 0 Phosphine gas [Zn-Mg-Al phosphide] 1 2

Water metals - ICPMS - Dissolved 4 0 Plant / Mushroom identification 25 12

Water metals - ICPMS - Total (Extended) 0 0 Selenium 2,546 1,688

Glutathione peroxidase 9 8 Special request analysis 27 31

Glycol - ethylene/other 4 0 Strychnine 8 12

Heavy metals screen -ICP - tissue 170 114 Toxicology organic [GCMS] screen 20 13

Heavy metals screen-ICPMS 39 40 Trace elements - serum 1,478 1,149

Heavy metals -ICPMS -single analyte 2 9 Trace elements - ocular fluid 17 11

Ion Screen 1 1 Trace elements, Na + K only 0 5

Ionophores 7 5 Trace elements - soil 1 0

Lead - blood 69 19 Urea 1 1

Macro Element Screen 20 10 Vitamin A - tissue 10 0

Macro/Micro Elements 422 156 Vitamin E - serum 188 93

Melamine 13 0 Vitamin E - tissue 6 0

Total 5269 3531


25

WADDL Quality System

External Audits Successfully Passed

USDA Compliance Inspection for Permit 118210 in Pullman, September

2013

National Poultry Improvement Plan Audit

o AHFSL, November 2013

o Pullman, December 2013

USDA Approval Inspection to test for Contagious Equine Metritis (CEM), April

2013

Official WADDL Proficiency Testing and Inter-laboratory Comparisons

Test Agency Lab Section WADDL-Pullman

Avian Influenza PCR USDA Molecular Diagnostics

Avian Paramyxovirus PCR USDA Molecular Diagnostics

Aerobic Pathogens Inter-laboratory Comparison

AAVLD Bacteriology

Aflatoxin in Milk FDA Bacteriology

Bluetongue USDA Immunodiagnostics – Serology

Bovine Leukosis (BLV) USDA Immunodiagnostics – Serology

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy USDA Immunodiagnostics – TSE Lab

Brucellosis Serologic Tests (SPT, BAPA, STT, Rivanol and Card)

USDA Immunodiagnostics – Serology and AHFSL

Bovine Tuberculosis Gamma Interferon USDA Immunodiagnostics - Serology

Brucella ovis ELISA USDA Immunodiagnostics - Serology

Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) ELISA USDA Immunodiagnostics – TSE Lab

Classical Swine Fever Virus USDA Molecular Diagnostics

Equine Herpesvirus-1 Neuropathogenic PCR Inter-laboratory Comparison

AAVLD / USDA

Molecular Diagnostics

Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA) USDA Immunodiagnostics – Serology

European Union Aquatic Pathogen EU Aquatic Health

Equine Viral Arteritis USDA Immunodiagnostics - Serology

5-Hydroflunixin in Milk FDA Bacteriology

Johne’s Disease Milk ELISA USDA Immunodiagnostics – Serology

Johne’s Fecal PCR (individual) USDA Molecular Diagnostics

Johne’s Fecal PCR (pooled) USDA Molecular Diagnostics

Johne’s Disease Fecal Test (Solid media) USDA Bacteriology

Johne’s Disease Serologic USDA Immunodiagnostics – Serology

Leptospira MAT USDA Immunodiagnostics - Serology

Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Fish Tissue

FDA Toxicology

Newcastle’s Disease Virus (NDV) PCR USDA Molecular Diagnostics and AHFSL

Pseudorabies gB USDA Immunodiagnostics – Serology

Pseudorabies gI USDA Immunodiagnostics – Serology

Salmonella V-Clasp (Bacteriology) FDA Bacteriology


26

Test Agency Lab Section Continued

Salmonella PCR Inter-laboratory Comparison

FDA Molecular Diagnostics

Scrapie / Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) by Immunohistochemistry

USDA Pathology and Histology

Swine Influenza Virus (SIV) PCR USDA Molecular Diagnostics

West Nile Virus (Equine IgM Capture ELISA)

USDA Immunodiagnostics - Serology

WADDL – Avian Health and Food Safety Laboratory

Avain Influenza - AGID USDA Serology

Avian Influenza PCR USDA Molecular Diagnostics

Avian Paramyxovirus PCR USDA Molecular Diagnostics

Brucellosis Serologic Tests (SPT, BAPA, STT, Rivanol and Card)

USDA Immunodiagnostics – Serology and AHFSL

Pseudorabies gB USDA Immunodiagnostics – Serology

Pseudorabies gI USDA Immunodiagnostics – Serology

Salmonella Group D NPIP AHFSL

Salmonella in Liquid Egg USDA Bacteriology, Molecular Diagnostics, Serology


27

PUBLICATIONS / PRESENTATIONS BY WADDL FACULTY, RESIDENTS and STAFF

Presentations

Baszler T, Ostlund E, Crossley B, Balasuriya U, Bradway D, Erol E, Johnson D, Rodman D, Sells S: Interlaboratory Comparison of Equine Herpesvirus type 1 Polymerase Chain Reaction Techniques Utilized in North American Diagnostic Facilities. Amercian Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, San Diego, CA October 18-22, 2013, Invited Plenary Session Speaker Berlinski R, Hanley C, Garner M, Jafarey Y, Kinsella M, Bradway D, Meyerson R: Meerkat (Suricata suricatta suricatta) Fatalities Associated with Intestinal Trematodiasis (Prosthodendrium naviculum. American Association of Zoo Veterinarians Annual Conference, Salt Lake City, Utah October 2013 Chiok K, Warren C, Crespo R, Shah DH: Evaluation of a multiplex real-time PCR for the serotype-specific detection of Salmonella enteritidis. 113th General meeting of the American Society of Microbiologists. Denver, Colorado. Poster: 853, 2013 Crespo R, Chiok K, Warren CA, Shah DH: Development of a multiplex real-time PCR for the Serotype-specific Salmonella enteritidis. Abstracts in the Proceedings of the 148th AVMA/AAAP Annual Convention, Chicago, Illinois, 2013 Crespo R: A Database for Equipment Maintenance and Reagent Tracking. Abstracts in the Proceedings of the 149th AVMA/AAAP Annual Convention, Denver, Colorado, 2014 Crespo, R: Avian Influenza, Salmonella and Other Avian Zoonotic Diseases. Zoonotic and Vector- Borne Diseases Workshop. Washington State Department of Health. Olympia and Moses Lake, WA, 2014 Crespo, R: Common Health Conditions in Poultry. Country Living Expo & Cattlemen’s Winterschool. Washington State University, Extension. Stanwood, WA, 2014 Crespo, R: Pasture Poultry management and challenges. Small Farms Program, WSU CAHNR. WSU Extension and Research Center, Puyallup, WA, 2013 House M, Ward L, Snekvik K: Progress on the removal of the Elwha river dams-Sediment and more sediment. Western Fish Disease Workshop, Port Townsend, WA, June 19, 2013 Justice-Allen A, Fry L, Bradway D, Snekvik K, Darveau D, Holt T: Bluetongue virus 10 and 11 infection in two desert bighorn sheep. Wildlife Disease Association meeting, Knoxville, TN, July 2013


28

Leathers CW: WSU Feline Club, necropsy wet laboratory, Pullman, WA, October, 2013 Leathers CW: WSU Natural Resource Science, necropsy wet laboratory, Pullman, WA, November, 2013 Leathers CW: University of Idaho Wildlife Ecology, necropsy wet laboratory, Moscow, ID, December, 2013 Leathers CW: University of Idaho Wildlife Society, necropsy wet laboratory, Moscow, ID, April, 2014 Leathers CW: Washington State 4-H Teen Conference, necropsy wet laboratory, Pullman, WA, June, 2014 Leathers CW: WSU Animal Sciences, necropsy wet laboratory, Pullman, WA, April, 2014 Mitchel H, Snekvik K: The other KD: PKD- or is it? Eastern Fish Health Workshop, Gettysburg, PA, Apr 30, 2013 MM Roiseco: Fatal intestinal inflammatory lesions from equine necropsy cases from California: A case series study from 1990 to 2013. Annual meeting of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, San Diego California, October 2013 Munoz-Gutierrez JF, Schneider DA, Baszler TV, Stanton JB: An immortalized sheep microglial cell line capable of accumulating natural and experimental prions. Prion 7 (Supplement): 44-45, 2013 Murray M, Sidor I, Garner M, Marchand M, Bradway D: Fungal dermatitis in two free-living snakes associated with Chrysosporium ophiodiicola and Acremonium strictum. Annual Conference of the Wildlife Disease Association, Knoxville, TN, July 2013 Noh SM: Emerging and re-emerging vector borne diseases; with a focus on bluetongue. Emerging and Exotic Diseases of Animals course, Washington State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 2014 Noh SM: Principles of vector-borne disease. APHIS Smith-Kilborne Transboundary and Emerging Animal Disease course. Washington DC, 2014 (invited) Potter KA, Besser TE, Cassirer EF. Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae infection in bighorn sheep. Western Conference of Veterinary Diagnostic Pathologists, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Oct 4-5, 2013


29

Potter, KA, Ochoa J. Fungal eustachiitis (guttural pouch mycosis). Western Conference of Veterinary Diagnostic Pathol., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Oct, 2013 R. Subramaniam, S. Shanthalingam, J. Bavananthasivam, A. Kugadas, B. Raghavan, S.A. Batra, J. Rodriguez, A. Tibary, D.D. Nelson, K.A. Potter, W.J. Foreyt, and S. Srikumaran. Why are bighorn sheep more susceptible than domestic sheep to Mannheimia haemolytica-caused pneumonia? 10th International Veterinary Immunology Meeting, 2013 Rogovskyy AS and Bankhead T: Genetic heterogeneity is a requirement for host superinfection by the Lyme disease spirochete. The 15th Annual College of Veterinary Medicine Student Research Symposium, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, October 29, 2013 Rogovskyy AS, Chen Z, Burk RD, and Bankhead T: Genomic comparison of the novel papillomavirus isolated from the North American beaver (CcanPV1) to other rodent papillomaviruses. Dr. William R. Wiley Research Exposition, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, February 22, 2014 Rogovskyy AS, Chen Z, Burk RD, and Bankhead T: Genomic comparison of the novel papillomavirus isolated from the North American beaver (CcanPV1) to other rodent papillomaviruses. The 56th AAVLD/117th USAHA, San Diego, CA, October 17-23, 2013 Rogovskyy AS, Jones CR, Owen JP, Scoles GA, and Bankhead T: Investigating the importance of VlsE for the enzootic cycle of Borrelia burgdorferi. Gordon Research Conference (GRC): Spirochetes, Biology of, January 19-24, 2014, Ventura Beach Marriott, Ventura, CA, USA Rogovskyy AS: An interstrain difference in the ability of Borrelia burgdorferi to superinfect”. The 94th Annual Meeting of the Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases (CRWAD), Chicago, Illinois, December 8-10, 2013 Schmidt CE, Miller CH, Bradway DS, and Haldorson GH: Listeria monocytogenes hepatitis in a serval cat (Leptailurus serval): a case report. American College of Veterinary Pathologists annual meeting, Montreal, Canada, December 2013 Snekvik K and Bradway D. Surveillance testing for infectious salmon anemia virus in the Pacific Northwest: the laboratory perspective. Aquaculture America Conference, Seattle, WA, February 2014


30

Stanton JB, Muñoz-Gutierrez JF, Evermann JE, Ridpath JF and Bradway DS: Immortalized sheep microglia are permissive to a diverse range of ruminant viruses. American College of Veterinary Pathologists annual meeting, Montreal, QC, Canada December 2013 Talcott PA: Mushrooms: The Good, The Bad, and the Ugly, Tasty Treats Pets Should Avoid, New and Used Topics in Toxicology, Medications: Common Drugs That Companion Animals Ingest, Facts and Fiction Associated With Decontamination Procedures, My Neighbor Poisoned My Dog Syndrome, Plants Your Loved One Should Reconsider, Central Veterinary Conference, San Diego, October 31-November 3, 2013 Talcott PA: Plants and Pesticides Problematic to Animals, Pesticide Management in Cattle and Rangeland Operations, Ritzville, WA, May 14, 2013 Talcott PA: Plants Problematic to Animals – Identification and Control of Poisonous Plants in Range and Pasture, 13th Annual Washington Country Noxious Weed Tour and the Noxious & Invasive Weed Identification and Integrated Pest Management Program, Weiser, ID, June 12-13, 2013 Talcott PA: Plants Problematic to Animals and People, Paradise Creek Regional High School, Moscow, ID, May 24, 2013 Talcott PA: Poisonous Plants in Hayfields: Their Effects on Livestock, Weed Free Hay Inspector Training, Poisonous Plants, Moscow, ID, March 25, 2013 Talcott PA: Tasty Treats Pets Should Avoid”, “Common and Uncommon Poisonings That Can Occur in Roaming Companion Animals, My Neighbor Poisoned My Dog Syndrome, and Facts and Fiction Regarding Decontamination Procedures: Is It Ever Too Late?, 102nd Annual Conference, Washington State Veterinary Medical Association, Yakima, WA, October 4-6, 2013 Talcott PA: Weeds/Pesticides Problematic To Animals, Washington State Weed Association Weed Conference, Wenatchee, WA, November 6-8, 2013 Wood J, Johnson E, Allen K, Campbell G, Rezabek G, Bradway D, Pittman L, Little S, and Panciera R: Merogonic Stages of Theileria cervi in Mule and White Tailed Deer. 56th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians (AAVLD), San Diego, CA, October 2013


31

Book Chapters

Besser TE, Schmidt C, Shah DH, & Shringi S: 'Pre-harvest' Food Safety for E. coli O157 and other pathogenic STECs. In: Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. American Society for Microbiology Press, In Press, 2014 Crespo R and Shivaprasad HL: Miscellaneous diseases. In: Diseases of Poultry, 13th edition. D. Swayne et al (eds). Iowa State Press, Ames, Iowa. Pages: 1233-1270, 2013 Crespo R and Shivaprasad HL: Velogenic Newcastle-slide study set. American Association of Avian Pathologists, 2013 Evermann JF: Canine herpesvirus ecology and epidemiology. In Clinical Veterinary Advisor: Dogs and Cats 3rd ed, Cote E ed. Elsevier, New York pp 510-513, 2014 Gwaltney-Brant, SM and Talcott PA: “Nonsteroidal antiinflammatories”. In: Small Animal Toxicology, 3rd Edition, Ed. M.E. Peterson and P.A. Talcott, Saunders/Elsevier, pp. 687-708, 2013 Murphy MF, Talcott PA: “Anticoagulant rodenticides”. In: Small Animal Toxicology, 3rd Edition, Ed. M.E. Peterson and P.A. Talcott, Saunders/Elsevier, pp. 435-445, 2013 Talcott PA: “Copper”. In: Small Animal Toxicology, 3rd Edition, Ed. M.E. Peterson and P.A. Talcott, Saunders/Elsevier, pp. 517-521, 2013 Talcott PA: “Effective use of a diagnostic laboratory”. In: Small Animal Toxicology, 3rd Edition, Ed. M.E. Peterson and P.A. Talcott, Saunders/Elsevier, pp. 125-132, 2013 Talcott PA: “Miscellaneous herbicides, fungicides, and nematocides”. In: Small Animal Toxicology, 3rd Edition, Ed. M.E. Peterson and P.A. Talcott, Saunders/Elsevier, pp. 401-408, 2013 Talcott PA: “Mycotoxins”. In: Small Animal Toxicology, 3rd Edition, Ed. M.E. Peterson and P.A. Talcott, Saunders/Elsevier, pp. 677-682, 2013 Talcott PA: “Strychnine”. In: Small Animal Toxicology, 3rd Edition, Ed. M.E. Peterson and P.A. Talcott, Saunders/Elsevier, pp. 827-831, 2013 Talcott PA: “Zinc”. In: Small Animal Toxicology, 3rd Edition, Ed. M.E. Peterson and P.A. Talcott, Saunders/Elsevier, pp. 847-851, 2013 Wills TB and Haldorson GJ, Chapter 28 “The Adrenal Gland”, in Cowell and Tyler’s Diagnostic Cytology and Hematology of the Dog and Cat, Fourth Edition, AC Valenciano and RL Cowell Editors, Elsevier, 2014


32

Publications

Al-Adwani, S. R., R. Crespo, and D. H. Shah. Production and Evaluation of Chicken Egg-Yolk-Derived Antibodies Against Campylobacter jejuni Colonization-Associated Proteins. Foodborne Pathogen and Disease. 10: 624-631, 2013 Besser TE, Cassirer EF, Highland MA, Wolff P, Justice-Allen A, Mansfield K, Davis MA, and Foreyt WJ: Bighorn sheep pneumonia: sorting out the cause of a polymicrobial disease. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 108: 85-89, 2013 Burek-Huntington KA, Gill V, and Bradway DS: Locally Acquired Disseminated Histoplasmosis in a Northern Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) in Alaska, USA. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 50: 389-392, 2014 Chung C, Wilson C, Bandaranayaka-Mudiyanselage CB, Kang E, Adams DS, Kappmeyer LS, Knowles DP, McElwain TF, Evermann JF, Ueti MW, Scoles GA, Lee SS, McGuire TC: Improved diagnostic performance of a commercial Anaplasma antibody competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant major surface protein 5-glutathione S-transferase fusion protein as antigen. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 26:61-71, 2014 Chung C, Wilson C, Evermann JF, et al. Validation of an improved competitive ELISA for equine viral arteritis virus, J. Vet. Diag. Invest. 25: 727-735, 2013 Churgin SM, Garner MM, Swenson J, Bradway DS, and West G: Intestinal Coccidioidomycosis in a Coachwhip Snake in a Red Coachwhip Snake (Maticophis flagellum piceus). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 44:1094-1097. 2013 Crespo R, Franca M, Shivaprasad ML: Ulcerative enteritis-like disease associated with Clostridium sordellii in quail.Avian Diseases. 57: 698-702, 2013 Crespo R, Hopkins S, Shah D: Outbreak of Listeria monocytogenes in an urban poultry flock. Avian Diseases. BMC Veterinary Research. DOI:10.1186/1746-6148-9-204, 2013 Crosby F. L., Wamsley H. L., Pate M. G., Lundgren A. M, Noh S. M., Munderloh U. G., Barbet A. F.: Knockout of an outer membrane protein operon of Anaplasma marginale by transposon mutagenesis. BMC Genomics. 15:278, 2014 Dassanayake RP, Evermann JF, et al. Role of Bibersteinia trehalosi, respiratory syncytial virus, and parainfluenza-3 virus in Bighorn sheep pneumonia. Vet. Microbiol.162: 166-172, 2013


33

Davis MA, Moore DA, Baker K, French N, Patnode M, Hensley J, Macdonald K, & Besser TE: Risk factors for campylobacteriosis in two washington state counties with high numbers of dairy farms. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 51: 3921-3927, 2013 Cassirer EF, Plowright RK, Manlove K, Potter KA, Cross PC, and Hudson PJ:. Pneumonia in adult and juvenile bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis): spatial and temporal patterns within a metapopulation. Journal of Animal Ecology, doi: 10.1111/1365-2656.12031, 2013 Eberhart LJ, Ochoa J, Besser TE, and Call DR: Microcin MccPDI reduces the prevalence of susceptible Escherichia coli in neonatal calves. Journal of Applied Microbiology 117:340-346, 2014 Giannitti F, Rioseco MM, Garcia JP, Beingesser J, Woods LW, Puschner B, Uzal FA: Diagnostic exercise: hemolysis and sudden death in lambs. Veterinary Pathology 51:624-627, 2014 Hove PR, Haldorson GJ, Magunda F, Bankhead T., Presence of Arp specifically contributes to joint tissue edema associated with early-onset Lyme arthritis. Infect Immun. 82: 43-51, 2014 Jaros P, Cookson A, Campbell DM, Besser TE, Shringi S, Mackereth GF, Lim E, Lopez, L, Dufour M, Marshall JC, Baker MG, Hathaway S, Prattley DJ, & French N: A prospective case-control and molecular epidemiological study of human cases of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in New Zealand. BMC Infectious Diseases (Online). Sep 30;13:450. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-450, 2013 Jung W, Bono JL, Clawson M, Leopold S, Shringi S, & Besser TE: Lineage and genogroup-defining single nucleotide polymorphisms of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79: 7036, 2013 Mellor GE, Besser TE, Davis MA, Beavis B, Jung W, Smith HV, Jennison AV, Doyle CJ, Chandry PS, Gobius KS, & Fegan N: Multilocus genotype analysis of E. coli O157 from Australia and the USA provides evidence of geographic divergence. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79: 5050-5058, 2013 Nelson DD, Haldorson GJ, Stanton JB, Noh SM, Bradway DS, Mansfield KG, Baszler TV: Tularemia without lesions in grey tree squirrels: A diagnostic challenge. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 26:312-315, 2014, [Epub 2014 Feb 20]


34

Oidtmann B, Lapatra S, Verner-Jeffreys D, Pond M, Peeler E, Noguera P, Bruno D, St-Hilaire S, Schubiger C, Snekvik K, Crumlish M, Green D, Metselaar M, Rodger H, Schmidt-Posthaus H, Galeotti M, Feist S. Differential characterization of emerging skin diseases of rainbow trout – a standardized approach to capturing disease characteristics and development of case definitions. J Fish Dis. 2013 Mar 1. doi: 10.1111/jfd.12086. Plowrigh, R, Manlove K, Cassirer EF, Cross PC, Besser TE, and Hudson P: Use of exposure history to identify patterns of immunity to pneumonia in bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis). PLoS One. 8(4):e61919, 2013 Rimoldi G, Speer B, Wellehan JF Jr, Bradway DS, Wright L, Reavill D, Barr BC,Childress A, Shivaprasad HL, Chin RP: An outbreak of Sarcocystis chalchasi encephalitis in multiple psittacine species within an enclosed zoological aviary. J Vet Diagn Invest. 25: 775-781, 2013 Rogovskyy AS and Bankhead T: Bacterial heterogeneity is a requirement for host superinfection by the Lyme disease spirochete. Infection and Immunity, ePub ahead of print August 11, IAI.01817-14, 2014 Rogovskyy AS and Bankhead T: Variable VlsE is critical for host reinfection by the Lyme disease spirochete. PLOS ONE, 8(4):e61226, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061226, Print 2013 Rogovskyy AS, Chen Z, Burk RD, and Bankhead T: Characterization and analysis of the North American beaver (Castor canadensis) papillomavirus genome. Vet. Microbiol., 168:214-220, 2014 Sondgeroth K, Schlee S, Davis M, Evermann J, McElwain T, Baszler T: Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii in Washington state domestic goats. Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases 13:779-783, 2013 [Epub 2013 Oct 9] Sondgeroth KS, McElwain TF, Allen AJ, Chen AV, Lau AOT: Loss of neurovirulence is associated with reduction of cerebral capillary sequestration during acute Babesia bovis infection. Parasites & Vectors Jun 18;6(1):181. doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-181, 2013 Stone D, Davis MA, Baker K, Besser TE, Roopnarine R, & Sharma R: MLST genotypes and antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter spp. isolated from poultry in Grenada. Biomedical Research International. 2013:794643; Epub Feb 24, 2013 Subramaniam R, Shanthalingam S, Bavananthasivam J, Kugadas A, Raghavan B, Batra SA, Rodriguez J, Tibary A, Nelson DD, Potter KA, Foreyt WJ, Srikumaran S: Bighorn sheep x domestic sheep hybrids survive Mannheimia haemolytica challenge in the absence of vaccination. Veterinary Microbiology. 170: 278-283, 2014


35

Suthar N, Roy S, Call DR, Besser TE, and Davis MA: An individual-based model of transmission of resistant bacteria in a veterinary teaching hospital. PLoS One 9(6):e98589, 2014 Volkova VV, Lu Z, Besser TE, and Grohn Y: Modeling Infection Dynamics of Bacteriophages in Enteric Escherichia coli: Estimating the Contribution of Transduction to Antimicrobial Gene Spread. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80:4350-4362, 2014 Wattegedera S, Pearce J, Wheelhouse N, Baszler T, Cocheva M, Ballingall K, McInnes C, Entrican G: Mechanisms of immunity and maternal tolerance in the ovine placenta. Immunology 140:28, Supplement 1, 2013 Wheelhouse N, Coyle C, Barlow P, Mitchell S. Greub G, Baszler T, Rae M, Longbottom D: Waddlia chondrophila infects and multiples in ovine trophoblast cells stimulating an inflammatory immune response. Plos One 9 (7):e102386 [Epub 2014 July 10] Wong S, Waldrop T, Summerfelt S, Davidson J, Barrows F, Kenney PB, Welch T, Wiens GD, Snekvik K, Rawls JF, Good C. Aquacultured Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Possess a Large Core Intestinal Microbiota That Is Resistant to Variation in Diet and Rearing Density. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2013 Aug;79(16):4974-84. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00924-13. Epub Jun 14, 2013 Wood J, Johnson EM, Allen KE, Campbell GA, Rezabek G, Bradway DS, Pittman LL,Little SE, Panciera RJ. Merogonic stages of Theileria cervi in mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 25:662-665, 2013 Ziegler J, Parish S, Snekvik K, Barrington G. Traumatic gastroperitonitis (hardware disease) in an alpaca (Vicugna pacos). J Zoo Wildl. Med. 44:163-166, 2013 Ziegler JC, Lahmers KK, Barrington GM, Parish SM, Kilzer K, Baker K, & Besser TE: Safety and immunogenicity of a Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae bacterin for domestic sheep (Ovis aries). PLoS One ((4):e95698, 2014

Documents

WASHINGTON ANIMAL DISEASE DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY