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Warm up (Engage) -Make a “T” chart and write “Break” on left side And “Build/assemble” on the right side. Using the pictures below identify which one breaks things and which ones build or assemble. Scissor s Glue Tape Chain Saw Staple r Knife

Warm up (Engage)

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Warm up (Engage). -Make a “T” chart and write “Break” on left side And “Build/assemble” on the right side. Using the pictures below identify which one breaks things and which ones build or assemble. Chain Saw. Tape. Glue. Scissors. Stapler. Knife. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Warm up (Engage)

Warm up (Engage)

-Make a “T” chart and write “Break” on left sideAnd “Build/assemble” on the right side.Using the pictures below identify which one

breaks things and which ones build or assemble.

Scissors

Glue Tape

Chain Saw Stapler

Knife

Page 3: Warm up (Engage)

Video Reflection

• Where is fat digested?• Where is carbohydrate digested?• Where is protein digested?

• What is the name of the structure that aids in digestion for all these Biomolecules?

Page 6: Warm up (Engage)

How does it happen?

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)

Liver= host many enzymes such as Catalase

Catalase turns H2O2 into…

H2O2 + Catalase (in liver) = H20 +O2

What is H20? What is 02?So where is bubbling coming from?

Page 7: Warm up (Engage)

Enzymes• Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts. • The function of a catalysts is to speed up chemical

reactions that take place in cells. • Enzymes act by lowering the activation energies in a

chemical reaction.

Page 8: Warm up (Engage)

ENZYMES• Proteins that regulate chemical

reactions (ex. digestion). • Catalyst-speeds up chemical

reaction but is not consumed in the reaction.

• Enzymes are very specific to who they attach: Works like a lock and key:– Substrate– Active site

Page 9: Warm up (Engage)

How enzyme works

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Induced_fit_diagram.svg/450px-Induced_fit_diagram.svg.png

Page 10: Warm up (Engage)

They can also do this…

What’s the diff erence?

Page 11: Warm up (Engage)

How do enzymes work?

• The Enzyme-Substrate Complex– Enzymes provide a site where reactants can be

brought together to react (active sites). – The reactants that binds to the active site is called

substrates.

Page 12: Warm up (Engage)

Video summary of what enzymes do functionally

Click here

Page 13: Warm up (Engage)

Enzymes

• Enzymes can break apart a chemical molecule. OR

• Put them together.

Page 14: Warm up (Engage)

Chemically this is what enzymes do…• Catalyst-speeds up chemical reaction but is

not consumed in the reaction. – They Kick off the chemical reaction by Lowering

the Activation energy. • Activation energy: The energy required to

complete a reaction.

Page 15: Warm up (Engage)

Reaction pathwaywithout enzyme Activation energy

without enzyme

Activationenergywith enzymeReaction pathway

with enzyme

Reactants

Products

A

B

Page 16: Warm up (Engage)

Shape matters!

Enzymes are proteins that have an active site some where on the molecule where others molecules can land and react. Pretizel

http://today.slac.stanford.edu/images/2010/algae-enzyme.jpg

Active site

Page 17: Warm up (Engage)

Think of enzyme as Pac man

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_Q8OAp1ni8ys/S_d18_SKKkI/AAAAAAAAAHg/973QvIZGTYE/s1600/pacman.PNG

Page 18: Warm up (Engage)

EXIT TICKET

1. Enzymes belong to which biomolecule?2. What does a catalysts do to a chemical

reaction?3. T/F Any substrate can bind to the active site

of an enzyme. 4. T/F Enzymes can only break apart a

substrate. 5. T/F All proteins are enzymes.

Page 19: Warm up (Engage)

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What Affects Enzyme Activity?

• Three factors:1. Environmental Conditions

2. Cofactors and Coenzymes

3. Enzyme Inhibitors

Page 20: Warm up (Engage)

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1. Environmental Conditions

1. Extreme Temperature are the most dangerous- high temps may denature (unfold) the enzyme.

2. pH (most like 6 - 8 pH near neutral)

3. Ionic concentration (salt ions)

Page 21: Warm up (Engage)

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2. Cofactors and Coenzymes

• Inorganic substances (zinc, iron) and vitamins (respectively) are sometimes need for proper enzymatic activity.

• Example:Iron must be present in the

quaternary structure - hemoglobin in order for it to pick up oxygen.

Page 22: Warm up (Engage)

22

Two examples of Enzyme Inhibitors

a. Competitive inhibitors: are chemicals that resemble an enzyme’s normal substrate and compete with it for the active site.

Enzyme

Competitive inhibitor

Substrate

Page 23: Warm up (Engage)

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Inhibitorsb. Noncompetitive inhibitors:

Inhibitors that do not enter the active site, but bind to another part of the enzyme causing the enzyme to change its shape, which in turn alters the active site.

Enzyme

active site altered

NoncompetitiveInhibitor

Substrate