Warm Humid Climate

Group Members….

• K L RAVI CHANDU (B130397AR)• T VIJAY KUMAR (B130094AR)• V MANOJ PRASHANTH (B130969AR)• D PRASHANTH (B130371AR)• A SHYAMALA (B130894AR)• NIKHIL SILIVERI (B130798AR)• BHANU PRAKASH • PAVAN KUMAR• A MADHU KIRAN (B130986AR)

• A tropical climate is a kind of climate typically in the tropics

• Defined as non-arid climate in which all 12 months have mean temperature above 64.4 °F (18.0 °C)

• Cover the largest area of earth (20% of land surface and 43% of ocean surface) - the home to almost half of the world ’s population

South Florida, The Caribbean, Central Africa, Coastal

India, Southeast Asia, North Queensland, Hawaii,

Central America, or most of Brazil.

CLASSIFICATION

Can be divided into 3 major climatic zones and 3 sub-groups :-

I. Warm-humid equatorial climate• warm-humid island or trade-wind climate

II. Hot-dry desert or semi-desert climate• hot-dry maritime desert climate

III. Composite or monsoon climate (combination of I & II)• tropical upland climate

CLASSIFICATION

Type of Tropical Climate

Warm Humid Island Climate

Hot Dry Maritime Desert

Climate

Tropical Upland Climate

Warm Humid Climate

Hot Dry Desert Climate

Composite or Monsoon Climate

CLASSIFICATION

Sub-Group

Found in a belt near the Equator extending to about 15º North and South

Examples: Malaysia, Jakarta, Singapore, Hawaii, US

WARM HUMID CLIMATE

• Air Temperature• Humidity• Vapour Pressure• Precipitation• Sky Condition• Solar Radiation• Wind • Vegetation

WARM HUMID CLIMATE|ELEMENTS|

AIR TEMPERATURE :

• Air temperature is an objective comparative measure of hot or cold air.• At any point near the ground the air temperature is dependent upon the amount of heat gained or lost at the earth’s surface and any other surfaces with which the air has recently been in contact.• It is measured in fahrenheit or celsius or kelvin. Using dry bulb thermometer.

HUMIDITY :• The relative humidity depends as much on the air temperature as on the actual amount of water vapour present in the air. The following situation is likely to arise, if the air is still at ground at 2 m___________________________________________________________________________• Temperature high lower• Relative humidity low higher• Absolute humidity high lower

• A device used to measure humidity is called psychrometer or hygrometer.

VAPOUR PRESSURE :

• Vapour pressure defined as the pressure exerted by a vapour in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed phases (solid or liquid) at a given temperature in a closed system. The equilibrium vapour pressure is an indication of a liquid's evaporation rate.

PRECIPITATION :

• Precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapour that falls under gravity. The main forms of precipitation include drizzle, rain, sleet, snow, graupel and hail.

• It is measured using RAIN GUAGE.

WARM HUMID CLIMATE OF SINGAPORE

• LOCATION: Lies just north of the Equator near Latitude 1.5 deg N and Longitude 104 deg E.

• TEMPERATURE: Diurnal range: Minimum 23 to 26°C and Maximum 31 to 34°C Extremes: Minimum of 19.4°C and Maximum of 36.0°C

• RELATIVE HUMIDITY: Mean value is 84%, During prolonged heavy rain, relative humidity often reaches 100 %

• VAPOUR PRESSURE: Diurnal pressure variation of 4hPa. Maximum pressure usually occurring at 1100 and 2400 Local Time

and minimum pressure occurring at 0500 and 1700 Local Time. Extreme pressures recorded are 1018.0hPa and 1002.5hPa.

SOLAR RADIATION:

• Since Singapore is near the equator, the length of its day is relatively constant throughout the year, and thus so is the amount of sunshine it receives. •Daily sunshine hours are mainly influenced by the presence or absence of cloud cover. •February and March have the largest number of sunshine hours, while November and December have the lowest 

Average monthly sunshine hours.

RAINFALL:

Rainfall is plentiful in Singapore and it rains an average of 178 days

of the year. Much of the rain is heavy and accompanied by thunder. The long-term mean annual rainfall total is 2338.5mm .

 Monthly rainfall for Singapore (mm) (1982-2014)

WIND:

•Winds throughout the year show a diurnal variation, with lighter winds during the night and stronger winds during the day.

• The strongest winds occur during the Northeast Monsoon in January and February.

• Winds in Singapore are generally light, with the mean surface wind speed normally less than 2.5 m/s except during the presence of a Northeast Monsoon surge when mean speeds of 10m/s or more have been observed. 

Average monthly surface wind speed (m/s).

VEGETATION:

Singapore has very little crop-suitable land but otherwise has abundant plant life. Much of the soil in Singapore is clay, although the origins and processes that formed the clay vary by area.

SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS:

Thunderstorms are also a very regular phenomenon, occurring on roughly 40% of all days year-round but particularly common during the Southeast Monsoon. 

WARM HUMID CLIMATE OF JAKARTA

• LOCATION : Jakarta is located in Indonesia at 6.1745°S , 106.822°E .

• TEMPERATURE : 25°C, Wind S at 8 km/h, 78% Humidity.

• RELATIVE HUMIDITY : The average annual relative humidity is 80.6% and average monthly relative humidity ranges from 75% in September to 85% in January.

• VAPOUR PRESSURE : In jakarta the vapour pressure is 16-17 mbar . In the lowlands the vapour pressure is about 25 mbar at night

SOLAR RADIATION

SUNSHINE HOURS OF JAKARTA

• The longest day of the year is 12:21 long and the shortest day is 11:38 long. The longest day is 0:43 longer than the shortest day.

At midday the sun is on average 74.2° above the horizon at Jakarta, Java

RAINFALL :

•The wettest month for Jakarta is January with an average of 98.2mm of precipitation falling while the driest month is September with 26.0mm falling.

WIND :

•The annual average wind speed in jakarta is 4-5 knots.

WARM HUMID CLIMATE COLOMBO

• LOCATION: Colombo lies between Tropic of cancer and Equator Latitude 6°54'N and

Longitude 79°51' E.

• TEMPERATURE: Colombo has a mean temperature of 27.4°C. The minimum and maximum temperatures are 17°C and 36°C. • RELATIVE HUMIDITY: Average humidity of Colombo is 80%. Maximum humidity is received during the month of June. • PRECIPITATION: Average precipitation of Colombo is around 2404mm. Its precipitation is high during the month of October of 300mm.

RAINFALL

• Colombo receives its maximum rainfall during October to

January.

• The climate includes north east monsoon and south east

monsoon.

• May is the wettest month.

HUMIDITY

•Humidity of Colombo is high during the months of November and December.•Sometimes it has a humidity of 90% in the month of May.

SOLAR RADIATION

•Colombo receives much radiation during the months of March and April.•During the months of November and December it is always cloudy. So it doesn’t receive any rainfall

WIND

•Colombo receives high wind from Southwest monsoon.•During the month of October, Colombo receives cyclonic winds.

AIR TEMPERATURE

HUMIDTY

VAPOUR PRESSURE

PRECIPITATION

SOLAR RADIATION

WIND VEGETATION

S PI ON RG EA

Min 19.4°C Max 36.0°C

Mean value is 84%

Diurnal pressure variation of 4hPa

mean annual rainfall 2338.5mm .

Max in feb and march

normally less than 2.5 m/s max is 10.5

abundant plant life

JAKARTA

25°C average annual relative humidity is 80.6%

vapour pressure is 16-17 mbar

average of 98.2mm

sun is on average 74.2°

average wind speed is 4-5 knots.

COLOMBO

mean 27.4°C. min 17°C and max36°C

average80%.

Average 2404mm.

much radiation during March and April

Southwest monsoon.