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“War Between the States”

Chapter 11The American Civil War

Lincoln received no support in the presidential campaign from the South because they believed he

wanted to end slavery. Since there were so many more people in the

North, he won the election.

As soon as Lincoln won the election, the South started to secede. This means the South split from the

Union. They no longer wanted to be part of the United States.

Supporters of secession based their arguments on the idea of states’

rights. They said they had voluntarily joined the union, so they

could leave when they wanted. http://www.history.com/topics/

american-civil-war/videos#america-divided

February 4,1861 -First seven southern states secede to form Confederate States of America.

Jefferson Davis started taking action to separate from the north

The Confederacy wanted the north to abandon southern area, including Fort Sumter

the commander at Fort Sumter, Major Robert Anderson, sent president Lincoln a message that the Confederacy was demanding he and his men surrender or face an attack

Major Anderson had food and ammunition that would last him and his men about 6 weeks

C.S.A

if he ordered his navy to shoot its way into Charleston harbor and reinforce Fort Sumter, he would start hostilities which would prompt slave states in the Union to secede

BUT…

if he ordered the fort to evacuate he would be giving power to the confederacy by treating it as a legitimate nation

Lincoln's dilemma...

He refused to abandon Fort Sumter or reinforce it and take over

Sent in "food for hungry men”Now the decision was up to Jefferson Davis If he did nothing, the Confederacy

would not be seen as an independent nation

if he attacked he would start a war Jefferson Davis chose war

Lincoln’s Plan

Began around 4:30 A.M. on April 12th

the fort was hit with more than 4,000 rounds before Major Anderson surrendered

First Shots

wanted 75,000 men for 3 months States in the upper South were unwilling to

fight against other southern states Virginia ended up seceding and then

Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina followed

brought C.S.A. to 11 Some citizens from the union fought for

confederacy. -Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri- four remaining slave states in the Union

Lincoln calls for soldiers

Most populated state in the South and most industrialized

Western counties of Virginia were antislavery, so they seceded from Virginia and were admitted into the Union as West Virginia in 1863

Virginia

What if Virginia had not seceded from the Union in 1861?

1. What was the main goal for the North and the South in the war? What were they fighting for?

2. Who ended up taking over Fort Sumter? Who took the first shots to start the war?

3. Was war necessary for the South to attempt to become their own country?

Essential Questions

Advantages Large population 90% of industry goods Controlled navy good military leaders

Disadvantages Faced hostile people Unfamiliar with south

Union

Advantages Strong support Familiar territory Great military leaders

Disadvantages   Smaller population Fewer factories/ships

Confederacy

3 part plan Step 1-block Southern ports- stop

exports and imports Move down the Mississippi River and

split the Confederacy in two capture the Confederate capital at

Richmond, Virginia = Anaconda Plan

North's plan for battle

Anaconda Plan

survival as a nation defend the South and take over

territories

The Confederacy's Plan

First major battle, July 21, 1861

Wanted to seize Richmond

General Thomas Jackson (Stonewall Jackson) led the confederates to victory-1st for the South

Casualities-2800 Union & 1900 confederacy

Lincoln called for 50,000 men for 3 years

Bull Run

Which side would you have wanted to be on? North or South?

How was the idea of war seen at the beginning compared to after the battle at Bull Run?

How did the feelings about what type of battle this would be shift?

Essential Questions

in the beginning -"My paramount object in this struggle is to

save the Union, and is not either to save or destroy slavery.”

However... Lincoln realized that just as he could order

the Union army to control Confederate supplies (imports/exports) he could use the army to emancipate slaves

Ending slavery was NOT about morality, but a war weapon

Emancipation Proclamation

-January 1st, 1863 (about 2 years into the war) Lincoln issued his Emancipation Proclamation

"All persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a state the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free..."

This applied only to slave behind confederate lines, outside Union control.

pros of emancipation proclamation

a draft that would force certain members of the population to serve in the army.

Union Law - drafted white men, 20-45 years old

for 3 years

Confederate Law - drafted all able-bodied white men,

18-35, and soon later ages 17-50

Conscription

poor, white workers= unfair to fight a war just to free slaves-feared that Southern blacks would come north and compete for jobs-for 4 days mobs rampaged the New York city-wrecked draft offices, Republican newspaper offices, and the homes of antislavery leaders, attacked well-dressed men, African Americans -more than 100 people died

Draft Riots

creation of a single unified country abolition of slavery increased power to fed. gov't – killed the

issue of states rights U.S. now an industrial nation a stronger sense of nationalism lands increasingly opened to settlement South was economically and physically

devastated, w/ the plantation system crippled...thus Reconstruction (rebuilding the U.S.) - but a deep hatred of the North remained.

EFFECTS OF CIVIL WAR