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GCSE MARKING SCHEME

SCIENCE BIOLOGY (LEGACY)

JANUARY 2012


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INTRODUCTION

The marking schemes which follow were those used by WJEC for the January 2011examination in GCSE SCIENCE BIOLOGY (LEGACY). They were finalised after detaileddiscussion at examiners' conferences by all the examiners involved in the assessment. Theconferences were held shortly after the papers were taken so that reference could be madeto the full range of candidates' responses, with photocopied scripts forming the basis ofdiscussion. The aim of the conferences was to ensure that the marking schemes wereinterpreted and applied in the same way by all examiners.

It is hoped that this information will be of assistance to centres but it is recognised at thesame time that, without the benefit of participation in the examiners' conferences, teachersmay have different views on certain matters of detail or interpretation.

WJEC regrets that it cannot enter into any discussion or correspondence about thesemarking schemes.

Unit Page

B1 (Legacy) 1

B2 (Legacy) 14


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1

UNIT B1 (LEGACY)

Question Answer Mark

1. (a) (i) 4 bars - correct height with a label 2

Tolerance +/-1/2small square -1 for each error

(ii) I decrease/ decline/ go down 1

II Warmer conditions/ Global warming AND so more eggs/

young/ caterpillars produced/ more reproduction

1

(b) Survive genes generation 3

Become extinct/ died out/ wiped out/ disappeared/

endangered/ decrease in number/ decrease in population

NOT died off/ it dies

1

Total for Question 8


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2


2. (a) (i) 5.7 1

(ii) Uses all feet/ legs / ORA 1

(b) (i) Most (90%) of life{ in the water/ swimming}/ ORA 1

NOT better adapted to water

(ii) Strong legs / large feet 1

(c) (i) Not as much/less fat (must be comparative) 1

(ii) less body heat produced/ medium body heat produced 1

(d) Long time underwater/ can stay underwater for 8 minutes/

fast swimming/ swims at 15 km/h

1

(Very) deep diving/ swimming/ 90% time spent in water/ long

time spent in water

1



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3


3. (b) (i) dominant 1

(ii) No, No 1

(c) (i) 2 or 3

4

1 or 2

3

(ii) 50% 1



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4


4. (a) (i) I Heart Disease contains higher fat 1

II Stroke contains higher salt 1

Answers must be comparative

(ii) (Savoury Pie) high in salt SO risk of kidney damage 1

(iii) Calculation method and numbers correct 300 x 2 / 150 or

600/15

1

Answer correct with units (4 ) = 2 marks 1

(b) Obesity/ overweight/ excessive weight or mass/ diabetes/

high blood pressure

1

NOT put on weight/ too fat



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5


5. (a) (i) Within a certain range 1

(ii) Increase followed by decrease 1

(iii) Eating (lunch / food/ dinner etc) 1

(b) (i) Insulin 1

(ii) diabetes 1

(iii)

I Urine

II Glucose

2



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6

FOUNDATION AND HIGHER TIER


6/1 (a) smoking is addictive/contains nicotine which is

addictive/contains a drug or chemical which is addictive/ they

get addicted/ dependent

1

NOT hooked/ crave/ withdrawal symptoms

(b) any two disease/health related reasons - accept 2 cancers

{lung/ throat/ tongue/ bladder/ pancreas} cancer/ lung disease/

emphysema/ narrowed arteries/ heart disease/ reduction of

fertility/ may have underweight babies/ decreased life

expectancy/ increased chance of miscarriage

NOT heart attack/ breathing problems/ bronchitis/ lung damage

Any 2

accept answer related to secondary smoking/ ref to other

people breathing their smoke

accept answer related to cost of cigarettes

(c) (i) 3 1

(ii) For last five days they have smoked less each day;

There is a decrease in the number of cigarettes smoked/

correct numerical answer;

Any 2

Only once in the 2 week period has the previous daily average

of 25 cigarettes smoked been reached (therefore considered

successful);

Most of the time both smoke less than their target

Accept answers only referring to one of the people.



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7/2 (a) variation 1

(b) (i) mutation 1

(ii) (change in) DNA

(not: change in genetics)

1

(c) (offspring produced by sexual reproduction) show variation

are different or not identical/ have genes from two parents/

have different alleles (accept: are not a clone)

ORA

NOT have two parents/ have different genes or

chromosomes

1



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8/3 (a) A - hair 1

C (blood) capillary/ blood vessel 1

(b) (sweat gland) removes salts and water (NOT water alone)

/sweat from blood/produces sweat

1

(poured onto surface of skin (water in)) sweat evaporates 1

Withdrawing or releases or takes heat from body/ body heat

required to evaporate (water in) sweat/ lowers skin or blood

temperature/ taking heat with it

NOT cools you down/ lets out heat

1



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9

HIGHER TIER


4. (a) Starts off higher

(blood) glucose rises higher/ more rapidly/ falls more rapidly

Any 3

blood glucose takes longer to get back to normal or level off

blood glucose drops below normal/ lower than the normal

man

(b) inject insulin (before eating breakfast)/ use insulin pen 1

or ensure that the breakfast is very low in

glucose/sugar/carbohydrate/fruit

or take Metformin/ Novonorm

(c) insulin produced which converts glucose to glycogen (in the

liver) Spelling must be accurate for glycogen

1



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5. (a) Cross 1 - award 1 mark for all the offspring being Bb 1

Gametes B B

b Bb Bb

b Bb Bb

Cross 2 - award 1 mark for 50% Bb and 50% bb 1

Gametes B b

b Bb bb

b Bb bb

(b) If the bought rabbit or it was homozygous or BB then all

offspring would be black/ there will be no white offspring

1

If the bought rabbit or it was heterozygous or Bb then 50% of

offspring would be black and 50% white or some white/

Bought rabbit must be Bb to produce any white rabbits

1



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6. (a) DNA 1

(b) Chromosomes / genes 1

(c) scientific names are used by all / are constant / do not vary/ it

will be the same in all languages/ used by all scientists/

international communication/ universally understood/

common names are different in different countries

1

(Total 3)

7. C

B

E

A

D

5 x 1



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8. (a) Decrease in appetite/ makes them not feel hungry

NOT affect appetite

so less food is eaten NOT so they do not eat

1

1

(b) (i) correct line starts at 70 and shows no decrease in mass ( can

increase)

1

(ii) control 1

(c) Animal rights/ human not same as mice/research on mice is

not valid for humans/ might cause mice to starve/ unethical to

experiment on animals

(not: simple idea of cruelty/ harmed/ suffer)

1



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9. (a) Age and gender 2

(b) Mutation 1

leading to variation 1

large brain size advantage/survival value

NOT survival of the fittest alone

1

Genes/ alleles passed on NOT mutation passes on unless

qualified by gene

1

(c) Most believed in creationism/God made humans/ went

against religious views/ against bible

1

NOT lack of proof/ against church


10. In order:

Stimulus heat/ hot object

Receptor skin/ nerve endings/ sensory cells (NOT hand)

sensory neurone/ nerve

connecting/ relay/ intermediate/ internuncial neurone or

nerve

motor neurone/ nerve

muscle/ effector

synapses - anywhere where correctly referenced

Any 5 from 7

(5 x 1)



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14

UNIT B2 (LEGACY)

FOUNDATION TIER


1. (a) one mark for each labelled structure in correct location; 4

Vacuole should occupy at least quarter of space

Nucleus bigger than chloroplast

Cell wall - can be single or double line

Labels should be unambiguous

Deduct marks for nucleus and/ or chloroplast if inside the vacuole

(b) cytoplasm clearly indicated in correct location; 1

(c) (i) membrane; 1

(ii) chloroplast; 1

(d) two from:

(cell) membrane / cytoplasm / nucleus

2



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2. (a) oxygen;

carbon dioxide + water; (either way round)

3

can use correct symbols

(b) (i) (I) kill/ destroy (NOT get rid of)bacteria / fungi / microorganisms;

NOT germs

(II) C:

(III) repeat/ do it again NOT increase number of flasks

1

1

1

(ii) (I) rise / fall / stay the same;

(II) rise / fall / stay the same;

1

1

(c) Any suitable reference to life processes e.g. movement/ for exercise /

repair / cell division/ excretion/ reproduction/ sensitivity/ feeding or

digestion/ maintain body temperature/ keeping warm

(not: growth / photosynthesis/ heat energy alone/ catch food/ eat

food)

1



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3. (a) (i) all plots correct; tolerance +/- small square, Allow just top of bar

drawn/ not shaded.

(one error minus 1)

2

(ii) Small Skipper; Small Copper, (either order) 2

(b) (i) Common Blue; Hairstreak; (either order) 2

(ii) The grass was cut (too low)/ needed longer or higher grass/ grass is

too short

NOT grass wrong height/ not enough grass/ need a lot of grass

1

(iii) 10; 1

(c) such as: trampling / people walking/ pesticide/ reference to change in

habitat/ moved to different habitat/ grass too short/ grass cut below

3cm;

NOT moved (alone), scared away

1



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4. (a) (i) bacteria / fungi; 1

(ii) acid;

little oxygen; (either order)

NOT no oxygen, microbes need oxygen to decay

2

(iii) dried; 1

(b) (i) (fossil)fuel / burnt to provide heat (burning qualified) 1

(ii) carbon dioxide/ CO2; 1

(c) decays;

nutrients absorbed by plants;

2



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FOUNDATION & HIGHER TIER


5/1 (a) (i) Pancreas/ small intestine 1

(ii) small intestine 1

(iii) mouth 1

(b) (i) carbohydrase / amylase (spelling must end in ase) 1

(ii) glucose

NOT simple sugar ( can be neutral)

1



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6/2 (a) use of {(a living) organism / predator / natural enemy/ animal}/

introduce a species;

to feed off / reduce / kill a (crop) pest / alien species

Correct use of example = 2 marks

1

1

(b) Alien/ exotic (species) 1



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7/3 (a) (i) 60 1

(ii) CO2/ carbon dioxide (amount = neutral) 1

(iii) any two from:

same size greenhouse/ same number plants / same spacing / same

aspect or greenhouses face same direction/ same variety or type of

plants / same age or mass or size of plants / same mineral feed or

nutrients / same ventilation / same soil or mass of soil

Accept carbon dioxide if not used in (ii) (ECF)

NOT same temperature/ same greenhouse/ same glass/ amount of

2

(b) plants had insufficient or not enough light / heat/ ORA 1

so less photosynthesis/ reduced rate of photosynthesis

NOT not as easy to photosynthesise or quicker/slower

photosynthesis

1

so less food / glucose (for tomato growth) 1

NOT less energy or les fruit produced



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21

HIGHER TIER


4 (a) cell wall correctly drawn & labelled (must be double line)

vacuole correctly drawn & labelled

(deduct if contains nucleus/mitochondria)

chloroplast(s) correctly drawn & labelled in cytoplasm

deduct one mark for each incorrect label

1

1

1

(b) any one from: 1

plant tissue can regenerate from stem / undifferentiated cells more so

than animal tissue/ easier for plants to regenerate from stem cells

animals tend to grow to a finite size (more so than plants)/ animals

have a maximum size that they grow to (OWTTE)

plant growth occurs from (restricted growth areas) meristems/

plants have branching growth or animals have a compact growth

(c) repair / replacement of damaged tissues / organs/ cells (accept

named tissue such as tendons/ trachea/ retina/ heart) to treat

Parkinsons/ arthritis/ AVP

NOT cure disease

1



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5. (a) at 200C or at lower temperature (enzyme and protein) molecules are

moving slower/ ORA

Any

3

therefore fewer collisions or description of fewer collisions or fewer

reactions/ ORA

fewer protein molecules broken down / digested or fewer amino acids

produced / less digestion/ ORA

fewer amino acid molecules move/ go into side B. NOT time taken

(3 from 4)

(b) At 900 or higher temperature enzyme denatured or destroyed/ ORA 1

fewer reactions / fewer amino acids produced/ less digestion/ ORA 1

NOT slower/ rate of reaction decreases



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6. (a) Arrows from pipit and larvae to kestrel. 1

(b) (i) more foxes and/ or golden eagles would eat the (increasing) hare

(population because they would not have grouse to eat.)

1

(ii) more heather or food (for hares to eat.)/ less competition for food/

heather

1

(c) Correct order clockwise = D, B, A, C 4x1



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7. (a) (i) 100 1

(ii) 5 1

(b) More haemoglobin/ higher than normal haemoglobin NOT RBC 1

More oxygen (carried) 1

More AEROBIC respiration/ respire aerobically for longer 1

Less anaerobic respiration. 1



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8. (a) Water passes out or is lost/ plant is dehydrated 1

by osmosis 1

from higher concentration to lower concentration (must be show clear

direction)

1

through selectively or semi or partially permeable membrane

NOT SPM

(No marks if refer to solutions moving rather than water)

1

(b) (i) Active transport/ uptake 1

(ii) Oxygen/ O2 1

Glucose.

NOT ATP

1



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9. Overgrowth of algae/ algal bloom/ rapid growth of plants or algae 1

Plants /algae/ producers die. 1

Because of lack of light/ light blocked out 1

and decay/ decomposes 1

Bacteria or fungi or decomposers use oxygen.

NOT microbes/ micro-organisms

1

for respiration 1

aerobic life / fish die / suffocate 1

Any 5x1


GCE SCIENCE BIOLOGY (LEGACY) MS January 2012


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