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V.S.B. ENGINEERING COLLEGE, KARUR

Academic Year: 2016-2017 (EVEN Semester)

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Question Bank

S.No. Name of The Subject Semester Page No

1 Engineering Materials And Metallurgy IV 2

2 Kinematics of Machinery IV 15

3 Manufacturing Technology-II IV 32

4 Thermal Engineering IV 42

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ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND METALLURGY

UNIT 1- CONSTITUTION OF ALLOYS AND PHASE DIAGRAMS

PART-A

1. What are the effect of crystal structure and atomic radii on formation of solid solution

between two metallic elements ? ( MAY / JUNE 2006 )

2. Define paratactic & eutectoid reaction ? ( MAY / JUNE 2006 )

3. State the conditions under which two metallic elements will exhibit unlimited solid

solubility ? (NOV/ DEC 2006 )

4. Define terms of ferrite and Austenite in IRON –CARBON ALLOY system ? (NOV/ DEC

2006 )

5. Distinguish between Hypo Eutectoid steels and hyper eutectoid steels ?( MAY/ JUNE

2007 )

6. Define peritectoid reaction ? ( MAY/ JUNE 2007 )

7. What is the substitutional solid solution ? give two examples ( NOV/DEC 2007 )

8. Give an example of Eutectoid reaction ? ( NOV/ DEC2007 )

9. Why carbon solubility is more an Austenite ? ( APR /MAY 2008)

10. List the advantage of alloy steels as compared to plain carbon steels ? ( APR /MAY 2008)

11. What do you mean by Substitutional solid solution? Briefly explain the rules governing

the formation of substitutional solid solution ? ( MAY/ JUN-2009 )

12. Name and explain any one type of binary solid to solid state transformation reaction with

ideal phase diagram ? ( MAY/ JUN-2009 )

13. Define Solid solution ? ( NOV/DEC 2009)

14. How are steels classified ? ( NOV/DEC 2009)

15. What are these interstitial solid solutions and interstitial compounds ? (APR/MAY 2010)

16. Differentiate between eutectic and eutectoid phase diagram ? (APR/MAY 2010)

17. State peritectic and peritectoid reaction ? ( APR/MAY 2010 )

18. Distinguish Between steels and cast iron . Also classify steel with respect to carbon

percentage ? (APR/MAY 2010 )

19. Define substitutional and interstitial solid solution ? ( NOV/DEC-2010 )

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20. What is eutectoid reaction ? ( NOV/DEC-2010 )

21. Name the type of solid solution ? name and define them ( NOV/DEC-2010 )

22. What is eutectic reaction ? ( NOV/DEC-2010 )

23. What are the eutectic and peritectic reaction ? Give example ( APR/MAY 2011)

24. Define ferrite and cementite in Fe-C diagram ? ( APR/MAY 2011)

PART B

1) Draw the Iron – Carbon Diagram neatly (MAY /JUNE 2006) (NOV/DEC 2006)

(MAY/JUN 2007) ( APR/MAY 2010 ) ( APR/MAY 2011)

2) Using the iron – carbon diagram predict the micro structure at room temperature of the

carbon steel that contains 0.4%when cooled in furnace ?(MAY /JUNE 2006)

3) Elements A and B melt at 7000 c and 10000 c respectively. Draw a typical isomorphous

phase diagram between the elements A and B(MAY /JUNE 2006)

4) Elements A and B melt at 7000 c and 10000 c respectively . They form a euetectic at 35%

A at temperature 5000 c. Draw the typical phase diagram between A and B (MAY /JUNE

2006)

5) Estimate the carbon content of carbon steel whose microstructure in the annealed condition

shows 75% pearlite and 25% ferrite ? (NOV/DEC 2006)

6) Metal A has melting point of 10000 c. Metal B has melting point of 5000 c. draw Phase

diagram (between the elements of A and B ) for each of the following conditions (NOV/DEC

2006)

i) The two elements exhibit unlimited solid solubity ?

ii) The alloy system shows formation of two terminal solid solutions and eutectic

reaction point, at 50% A and at 7000 c

iii) The alloy system shows formation of an intermettalic phase with the chemical

formula A2B.

7) Two elements A and B have melting points 8000 c and 6000 c respectively

i) Draw a phase diagram between A and B if they exhibit unlimited solid solubility

ii) Draw a Phase digram between A and B if a eutectic reaction occurs at composition

40%B and at temperature 4000 c. Assume that the maximum solid solubity in either

case is 5% and the room temperature solubity in either case is 1%( MAY/JUN 2007)

8) What will be the microstructure of a 2.5%C steel at room temperature ? ( MAY/JUN 2007)

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9) Metals A and B having melting points respectively 2700 c. and 3200 c are assumed to be

completely soluble in the liquid state and completely in soluble in solid state. They form

euetectic at 1400 c. containing 40%B( NOV/DEC 2007 )

i) Draw these equilibrium diagram and label all lines and areas and

ii) For an alloy containing 30%A give the temperature of initial and final solidification

and relative amounts of phase present at 180

10) With the help of the Fe- C equilibrium diagram describe completely the change that takes

place during the slow cooling of 0.5% carbon steel from liquid state. ( NOV/DEC 2007 )

11) What are the micro- constituents of iron ? Discuss them briefly ?( APR /MAY 2008)

12) How are solid solutions classified ? Give two examples for each . ( APR /MAY 2008)

13) Draw the Fe- Fe3C equilibrium diagram and discuss the different phases and reactions

that takes place in it. ( APR /MAY 2008) ( MAY/ JUN-2009 ) ( APR/MAY 2010 ) (

NOV/DEC-2010 ) ( NOV/DEC-2010 )

14) With the ideal phase diagram, cooling curves and examples, explain the following binary

systems. Also name the system: ( MAY/ JUN-2009 )

i) Two components completely soluble in liquid and completely insoluble in the solid

state

ii) Two components completely soluble in these liquid and completely soluble in the

solid state.

15) Discuss Hume – rothery rules for the formation of solid solutions ( APR/MAY 2010 )(

APR/MAY 2010

16) Draw a typical isomprphous phase diagram and explain the structural changes of an alloy

( say 50%% A & say 50% B ) .Apply lever rules at some temperature in the alpha + liquid

portion for this alloy.( APR/MAY 2010 )

17) Discuss the composition, properties and application of the following cast iron : (

APR/MAY 2010 )

i) Malleable cast iron

ii) Spheroidal cast iron

18) What is the solid solution? Explain the Humerothery rules governing substitutional solid

solution. Draw the isomorphous phase diagram ? ( NOV/DEC-2010 )

19) Explain the classification of steels along with applications? ( NOV/DEC-2010 )

20) What are the different types of cast iron ? Draw the micro structure of any four type of

cast iron. Give any one applications for each ( APR/MAY 2011)

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UNIT 2 - HEAT TREATMENT

PART A

1. A low carbon steel in the normalised condition is stronger than the same steel in the

annealed condition. why ? ( MAY / JUNE 2006 )

2. Case carburising heat treatment is not generally carried out for medium carbon steels. why

? ( MAY / JUNE 2006 )

3. What is the critical cooling rate in hardening of steels ? (NOV/ DEC 2006 )

4. What is the micro structure of an austempered steel? What is the advantage of austempering

heat treatment ? (NOV/ DEC 2006 )

5. What is the principles of surface hardening in induction hardening process ? ( MAY/ JUNE

2007 )

6. What is the need for providing a tempering treatment after qunch hardening of steels ? (

MAY/ JUNE 2007 )

7. Define cooling rate? ( NOV/DEC 2007 )

8. Can mild steel be induction hardened ? substantiate ? ( NOV/ DEC2007 )

9. What are principal advantage of austempering over conventional quench and temper

methods? ( APR /MAY 2008)

10. Mention the applictios of induction hardening ? ( APR /MAY 2008)

11. Name and explain any one subcritical case hardening treatment ? ( MAY/ JUN-2009 )

12. With heat treatment cycle , explain the conventional normalizing treatment for hyper

eutectoid steel? ( MAY/ JUN-2009 )

13. Define hardness ? ( NOV/DEC 2009)

14. When will you prefer carbonitriding ? ( NOV/DEC 2009)

15. Define critical cooling rate ? ( APR/MAY 2010 )

16. What is the final micro structure in austempering of steels ? ( APR/MAY 2010 )

17. Enumerate any two difference between annealing and normalizing ? ( APR/MAY 2010 )

18. Explain the induction hardening? ( APR/MAY 2010 )

19. Define tempering ? ( NOV/DEC-2010 )

20. Differentiate carburising and nitriding ? ( NOV/DEC-2010 )

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21. In a Fe- FeC phase diagram , at what temperature i) FCC austenite forms and ii) delta -

ferrite forms ? ( NOV/DEC-2010 )

22. What is the ferrite ? ( NOV/DEC-2010 )

23. Draw a typical isomorphous diagram and draw the cooling curves of a pure metal and a

solid solution ( APR/MAY 2011)

24. List any two factors that affect hardenability of steels ? ( APR/MAY 2011

PART B

1) Draw a schematic CCT diagram for a carbon steel containing 0.8% carbon. Using this

diagram, Expalin how different cooling curves lead to the

i) Annealing heat treatment (NOV/DEC 2009)(APR/MAY 2010)

ii) Normalising heat treatment ( NOV/DEC 2007)

iii) Hardening heat treatment

iv) Spheroidising (MAY/ JUNE 2006) ( MAY/JUNE 2007) ( NOV/DEC 2007) ( APR/MAY

2011)

2) Explain How jominy end quench test is used for determining the hardenability of steels

(MAY/ JUNE 2006) (NOV/ DEC2006) ( MAY/JUNE 2007) ( NOV/DEC 2007)

(MAY/JUNE 2009)(NOV/DEC 2009) ( APR/MAY 2011)

3) Explain the steps in case carburising of steels (MAY/ JUNE 2006)

4) Draw the schematic isothermal transformation diagram corresponding to 0.8% carbon steel

(NOV/ DEC2006) (MAY/JUNE 2009) ( APR/MAY 2011)

5) Explain the Hardening and tempering process with respect to heat treatment procedure,

microstructure and mechanical properties (NOV/ DEC2006)( APR/MAY 2008) (NOV/DEC

2009) ( APR/MAY 2010) ( APR/MAY 2011)

6) With the help of TTT diagram explain the following heat treatments applied to an

euetectoid steel

i) Austempering

ii) Martempering

iii) Hardening ( NOV/DEC 2007) (APR/MAY 2008) (NOV/DEC 2009) ( APR/MAY

2010) ( MAY/JUNE 2007)

7) Distinguish between diffusion and thermal surface hardening treatments ( NOV/DEC

2007)

8) EXPLAIN in detail the flame hardening and induction hardening (NOV/DEC 2009)

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9) Discuss the different types of annealing process ? ( APR/MAY 2010)

10) WHAT IS CASE HARDENING ? explain the following process :

i) Carburizing

Ii) Nitriding (APR/MAY 2010)

11) What is hardenability? Describe a test that is used for determination of hardenability of

steel? ( APR/MAY 2010)

12) Give the process details of full annealing treatment for steels( APR/MAY 2010)

UNIT 3 - MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND TESTING

PART- A

1. Compare the martensite that is formed in maraging steels with the martensite that is formed

in carbon steels ? ( MAY / JUNE 2006 )

2. What is the main strengthin, mechanism in high strength aluminium alloys?(MAY / JUNE

2006 )

3. What are the effect of Chromium And molybdenum in low alloy steels ?(NOV/DEC 2006)

4. Wsshat is the purpose of magnesium treatment in producing S.G iron ? (NOV/DEC2006 )

5. Distinguish between Grey cast irons and spheroidal cast iron in terms of microstructure and

mechanical properties ? ( MAY/ JUNE 2007 )

6. What is the composition of 18/4/1 type high speed steel? ( MAY/ JUNE 2007 )

7. List the different types of tool steels ? ( NOV/DEC 2007 )

8. Mention any two aluminium base alloys and their applictions ? ( NOV/ DEC2007 )

9. How does silicon addition influence th properties of steel ? ( APR /MAY 2008)

10. What is the carbonitriding ? ( APR /MAY 2008)

11. Write short notes on the types of stainless steels ? ( MAY/ JUN-2009 )

12. With the composition , properties and application explain a) Tin bonze b) Naval brass ?

13. Name the alloying elements in high speed steel ? ( NOV/DEC 2009)

14. State the application of tool steel? ( NOV/DEC 2009)

15. What are the effects of adding SI in steels ? ( APR/MAY 2010 )

16. Differentiate Brass from Bronze ? ( APR/MAY 2010 )

17. List the parameter that can be determined from the tensile test? ( APR/MAY 2010 )

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18. Mention some of the disadvantage of the Brinell hardness test ? ( APR/MAY 2010 )

19. Classify the different hardness testing methods? ( NOV/DEC-2010 )

20. Draw the testing sample diagram for impact testing ? ( NOV/DEC-2010 )

21. What is the purpose of spheroidizing heat treatment ( NOV/DEC-2010 )

22. Define Carburizing ? ( NOV/DEC-2010 )

23. With a simple sketch show the phenomenon of slip in metallic materials ?

24. Define creep of metals? ( APR/MAY 2011)

PART – B

1) Write a short notes on compositions and properties of the steels :

i) Austenitic stainless steels

ii) High speed steels

iii) Martensitic stainless steels

iv) Maraging steels (MAY/JUNE 2006) ( MAY/JUNE 2007) (APR/MAY 2011)

2) How will you classify brasses based on the composition of zinc ? Explain the properties

and applications of the main types of brasses? (MAY/JUNE 2006)

3) Explain the steps involved in precipitation hardening?(MAY/JUNE 2006) ( NOV/DEC

2006) (MAY/JUNE 2007) (NOV/DEC 2007) (MAY/JUNE 2009) ( APR/MAY 2010)

(APR/MAY 2011)

4) Discuss the austenitic stainless steels and martensitic stainless steel with respect to

composition, properties and application( NOV/DEC 2006) (MAY/JUNE 2007)

5) Discuss the strengthening mechanism, composition and properties of anyone types of

maraging steels ( NOV/DEC 2006)

6) What are the alpha brasses and alpha- beta brasses? What are their properties and

applications? ( NOV/DEC 2006) (MAY/JUNE 2007)

7) Explain how a malleabilising heat treatment will convert a white cast iron to a malleable

cast iron (MAY/JUNE 2007)

8) Ferritic stainless steels- composition, properties, Applications (MAY/JUNE 2007)

9) What are the stainless steels ? what are the main characteristics of stainless steels ?

Name different types of stainless steels and their main application ? ( NOV/DEC 2007)(

APR/MAY 2010)

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10) What are the HSLA steels? How can high strength and toughness be obtained in them ?

(NOV/DEC 2007) ( APR/MAY 2010)

11) Describe the properties and applications of the following Cu-Zn Brasses, Naval Brass and

Muntz metal (NOV/DEC 2007) ( APR/MAY 2010)

12) Discuss the characteristics of Aluminium and also mention its alloys their properties and

uses ?

( APR/MAY 2008)

13) Discuss the influence of each of the following alloying elements on the properties of

steel:

i) Molybdeum

ii) Chromium

iii) Manganeses

iv) Vanadium

v) Titanium K.SIRAJTHEEN A.P / Mechanical Page 8

vi) Tungsten

vii) Silicon (MAY/JUNE 2009)( APR/MAY 2008)

14) Give the composition, property and uses of S.G iron,18-4-1 HSS and Monel metal

(MAY/JUNE 2009)

15) State the composition, properties and uses of bearing alloys. (MAY/JUNE 2009)

(APR/MAY 2010) ( NOV/DEC 2010)

16) Explain the effects of alloying elements in steels (MAY/JUNE 2009)

17) Discuss about the grey cast iron? (MAY/JUNE 2009)

18) Discuss the composition, properties, application --- Malleable cast iron, Spheroidal cast

iron . ( APR/MAY 2010)

19) Discuss the composition, properties, application --- Stainless steels, Tool steel (

APR/MAY 2010)

20) Discuss the composition, properties, application --- Cupro – Nickel, Bronze ( APR/MAY

2010)

21) Classify the ferrous material with respect to alloying elements, microstructure and

properties and write the effect of alloying addition in steels ( NOV/DEC 2010)

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22) Write a short notes on light weight nonferrous alloys and discuss the aluminium and its

alloy with respect alloying and heat treatments ( NOV/DEC 2010)

23) What are important alloying elements in steels? Discuss the purpose for which alloying

elements are added? ( NOV/DEC 2010)

24) Discuss briefly the different types of cast irons ( NOV/DEC 2010)

25) Mention any three copper base alloys. Give the composition, properties, Application.

26) What are the effects of Si,Ni,Mn and Cr in steel and also in Fe-c diagram.

27) Discuss any two copper base, any two aluminium base alloys. Give at least one

applications for each. (APR/MAY 2011).

UNIT 4- FERROUS AND NON FERROUS METALS

PART A

1. Name four ethenic polymers ? ( MAY / JUNE 2006 )

2. What are the important use of alumina and silica nitride ? ( MAY / JUNE 2006 )

3. Draw the molecular structure of polyethelene and polyprophelene ? (NOV/ DEC 2006 )

4. Give one example each for metal- matrix composites and ceramic- matrix composites ?

(NOV/ DEC 2006 )

5. Write the molecular structure of either phenol- formaldehyde (PF) polymer or Urea –

formalehyde ( UF) polymer ? ( MAY/ JUNE 2007 )

6. Give any two examples of particulate reinforced metal matrix composites? ( MAY/ JUNE

2007 )

7. Name any four common engineering polymers ? ( NOV/DEC 2007 )

8. What are the uses of aluminium oxide ? ( NOV/ DEC2007 )

9. What do you mean by co polymers ? ( APR /MAY 2008)

10. How are refractories classified? ( APR /MAY 2008)

11. With property and application, explain the following polymers a) PVC b) PMMA ? (

MAY/ JUN-2009 )

12. Write the general mechanical properties of mechanism ? ( MAY/ JUN-2009 )

13. Define degree of polymerization ? ( NOV/DEC 2009)

14. State any properties of ceramics? ( NOV/DEC 2009)

15. What are the PMMA and PET polymers? What are their uses ? ( APR/MAY 2010 )

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16. What are the uses of alumina ? ( APR/MAY 2010 )

17. What will be the effects,if the following elements alloyed with steels? ( APR/MAY 2010 )

18. Write down the composition and any one application of the following alloys. A)

Duralumin B) Brass? ( APR/MAY 2010 )

19. What is the inoculation? ( NOV/DEC-2010 )

20. What is the precipitation hardening? ( NOV/DEC-2010 )

21. How does the internal residual stress develop in the metal piece? ( NOV/DEC-2010 )

22. Draw a typical hardenability plot as a function of distance from the quench end ? (

NOV/DEC-2010 )

23. What is the structure difference between white cast iron and Grey cast iron ? ( APR/MAY

2011)

24. Name any two precipitation hardenable alloys? ( APR/MAY 2011)

PART B

1) Decsribe the molecular structure, properties and applications of the following polymers

i) Polyvinyl chloride( PVC) (MAY/ JUNE 2007) (NOV/DEC 2007)

ii) Polystyrene(PS) (NOV/DEC 2007)

iii) Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)

iv) Polycarbonate ( PC) (MAY/ JUNE 2006)

2) Discuss the properties and applications of the following ceramic materials

` i) Alumine ( MAY/JUNE 2009)

ii) Silicon carbide ( MAY/JUNE 2009)

iii) Silicon Nitride ( MAY/JUNE 2009)

iv) Sialon(NOV/ DEC 2006)

v) Silica ( MAY/JUNE 2009)

3) Discuss the Structure, properties and application of the following polymeric materials

i) Polymethyl methacrylate

ii) Polyterafluoroethylene (MAY/ JUNE 2007) (NOV/DEC 2007) (NOV/DEC 2010) (

NOV/DEC 2010)

iii) Polyethyylene terephthalate (MAY/ JUNE 2007)

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iv) Acryonitrile butadiene styrene(NOV/ DEC 2006)

v) Polypropylene (MAY/ JUNE 2007)

4) Write a short notes about the different types of matrix materias and reinforcement materials

used to make polymermatrix composites (MAY/ JUNE 2007)

5) Discuss the properties and applications of Al2 O3 and SiC ceramics (NOV/DEC 2007) .

6) Compare and contrast the difference between polyprpelene and polyethylene.

7) Compare the difference between

i) Acrylotrile – butadiene – styrene (NOV/DEC 2007)

ii) Stabilized zirconia

iii) Sialon

8) Describe these different types of reinforced used in polymer composites (NOV/DEC 2007)

9) Discuss the properties and applications of ceramics materials in industries ( APR/MAY

2008) ( NOV/DEC 2010)

10) Describe the mechanical behaviour of polymers ( APR/MAY 2008)

11) With the schematic diagram illustrate the the processing of reinforced composites

(APR/MAY 2008)

12) What are the special properties of plastics that make them useful engineering

material(MAY/JUNE 2009)

13) How do thermoplastics differ from thermosetting materials . Explain ? ( APR/MAY

2008)(APR/MAY 2011)

14) Write short notes on particle reinforced composites and fibre reinforced composites (

MAY/JUNE 2009) ( NOV/DEC 2010)

15) Write short notes on 1) ceramics ) formaldehyde (NOV/DEC 2009)

16) What is PMMA ? Describe it in detail (NOV/DEC 2009)

17) Explain in detail engineering polymers (NOV/DEC 2009)

18) State the properties and uses of reinforced concrete (NOV/DEC 2009)

19) What are the different types of polymers ? give any four polymers, their properties and

applications(APR/MAY 2010)

20) What are the different types of engineering ceramics ? give any four ceramics, their

properties and applications (APR/MAY 2010)

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21) Write down the composition and applications of the following metals

i) Stainless steel

ii) Tool steel(APR/MAY 2010)

22) What is the precipitation hardening ? Iilustrate this with an examples? (APR/MAY 2010)

23) Enumerate the composition and applications of the following alloys

i) Cupro – nickel

ii) Bronze

iii) Bearing alloy (APR/MAY 2010)

24) State the effects of the following alloying elements in steel

i) Chromium

ii) Molybdenum (APR/MAY 2010)

25) Write the properties and applications of the following polymers and discuss anyone

fabrication methods of polymers

i) PE ( NOV/DEC2010) ( NOV/DEC 2010)

ii) PEEK ( NOV/DEC2010)

iii) ABS ( NOV/DEC2010)

26) List the important engineering ceramics and its application. Discuss the properties and

application of Si3N4 AND SiC ( NOV/DEC 2010) (APR/MAY 2011)

27) What are different types of plastics? Explain with examples and applications ( NOV/DEC

2010)

28) Discuss the properties and application of the following four ceramics Zirconia, Silica,

Cubic boron nitride (APR/MAY 2011)

Unit 5 - NON-METALLIC MATERIALS

PART A

1. Define endurance limit in fatigue test ? ( MAY / JUNE 2006 )

2. What are the properties are determined from tension testing of metallic products? ( MAY /

JUNE 2006

3. In general, HCP metals are hard and brittle while FCC metals are soft and ductile. Why?

(NOV/ DEC 2006 )

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4. Draw the sketch of a standard specimen used for charpy V- notch impact testing? (NOV/

DEC 2006 )

5. Distinguish Between slip and twinning? ( MAY/ JUNE 2007 )

6. How will you express the deformation characteristic of a material through tension test? (

MAY/ JUNE 2007 )

7. How may one distinguish between slip and twinning if the width of the twin band is of the

same order as a slip line ? ( NOV/DEC 2007 )

8. Why are impact specimen notched ? ( NOV/ DEC2007 )

9. What are slip bands ? ( APR /MAY 2008)

10. What are different types of loadings available for fatigue testing? ( APR /MAY 2008)

11. Distinguish between slip and twinning? ( MAY/ JUN-2009 )

12. What is creep? Draw a typical creep curve and show different stages on it? ( MAY/ JUN-

2009 )

13. Define fatigue? ( NOV/DEC 2009)

14. List the testing methods of metals? ( NOV/DEC 2009)

15. What is twinning in metals? ( APR/MAY 2010 )

16. What is the difference between HRB& HRC? ( APR/MAY 2010 )

17. Name any two polymers and state their applications? ( APR/MAY 2010 )

18. Mentions any four attractive properties of engineering ceramics? ( APR/MAY 2010 )

19. Distinguish polymer and ceramic with respect to mechanical and physical properties? (

NOV/DEC-2010 )

20. What are the PMMA and PTFE? ( NOV/DEC-2010 )

21. Draw the stress – strain curve for a ductile material? ( NOV/DEC-2010 )

22. Differentiate between slip and Twin ? ( NOV/DEC-2010 )

23. What is the structure of poly ethylene? Suggest any two uses ? ( APR/MAY 2011)

24. Distinguish polymer and ceramic with respect to mechanical and physical properties? (

APR/MAY 2011)

PART B

1) Explain the mechanism of plastic deformation of metals by slip and twinning ? (MAY/

JUNE 2006)

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2) Explain the characteristic of ductile fracture and brittle fracture ? explain the testing

(MAY/ JUNE 2006) (NOV/ DEC2006) (NOV/DEC-2007) ( MAY/JUNE 2009)

3) Procedure for Vickers hardness testing (MAY/ JUNE 2006) (NOV/ DEC2006) (NOV/

DEC2010) (APR/MAY 2011)

4) Explain the testing procedure for charpy impact testing (MAY/ JUNE 2006) (MAY/ JUNE

2007) (APR/MAY2008 )

5) What are the slip and twinning ?What are the charateristics ? (NOV/ DEC2006)

6) Write a short notes about different types of metallic fracture (MAY/ JUNE 2007)

7) Explain the testing procedure for determining the following properties i) Brinell hardness

Number ii) Creep strength (MAY/ JUNE 2007)

8) Explain the mechanism of plastic deformation of metals by slip (NOV/DEC-2007)

9) Draw S-N curve for mild steel and aluminium and explain its features . Explain for

procedures used to obtain S-N diagram (NOV/DEC-2007)

10) What are the salient features of Rockwell –hardness test? What are the precautions to be

taken while determining hardness by this method (NOV/DEC-2007) (NOV/ DEC2010)

11) List the types of fracture and factors influencing them (APR/MAY2008 ) (APR/MAY

2011)

12) Give the griffith crack model for the mechanism of fracture (APR/MAY2008 )

13) What does impact test signify ? Explain impact Izod test with neat sketches( MAY/JUNE

2009) (APR/MAY 2011)

14) What is fatigue failure ?How fatigue test is carried out ? explain ( MAY/JUNE 2009)

(APR/MAY 2010) (NOV/ DEC2010) (APR/MAY 2011)

15) What do you mean by engineering stresses and true stresses ( MAY/JUNE 2009)

16) Explain the mechanism of plastic deformation ( NOV/DEC 2009)

17) Write short notes on creep ? ( MAY/JUNE 2009) (APR/MAY 2010)

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KINEMATICS OF MACHINERY

UNIT 1 - BASICS OF MECHANISMS

PART-A

1. What is Kinematics?

2. Define Link.

3. What is Kinetics?

4. Define Kinematic Pair.

5. Define Kinematic Chain

6. Define Pantograph.

7. What is meant by spatial mechanism?

8. Define Degrees of Freedom.

9. Classify the Constrained motion?

10. What are the important applications of a single slider crank mechanism?

11. What is Toggle position?

12. Give some examples for kinematic pairs.

13. Write down the Grashof‟s law for a four bar mechanism?

14. What is meant by transmission angle?

15. What are the applications of inversion of double slider crank chain mechanism?

PART-B

1. (a) Define Kinematic pair. What is the difference between lower pair and higher pair?

Give examples for each type.

(b) Describe the three inversions of Double slider crank chain with neat sketches.

2. Give diagrammatic sketches of the following mechanisms and state on which

Kinematic chain each mechanism is based:

i. Oscillating cylinder engine

ii. Oldham shaft coupling

iii. Pendulums pump

iv. Scotch yoke mechanism

v. Watt‟s indicator.

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3. (a) Explain watt mechanism and prove that it generates a straight-line motion.

(b) Why Watt mechanism is so commonly used to generate an approximate straight

line motion?

4. Perform the kinematic analysis of the following Exact Straight Line motion

mechanisms. (i) Peaucellier Mechanism. (ii) Hart's Mechanism

5. Sketch and explain any three inversions of a Slider crank chain

6. Determine the number of degrees of freedom of the mechanism shown below :

7. Illustrate a crank and slotted lever mechanism as an inversion of single slider crank

chain. Deduce an expression for length of stroke in terms of link lengths.

8. Draw and explain about Four bar chain

9. Define mobility, Kutzback criterion law, Grashoff‟s law and prismatic.

10. Calculate the degrees of freedom of the mechanisms shown in Figure given below

11. With the help of a neat sketch explain the working of Whitworth quick return

Mechanism

UNIT II - KINEMATICS OF LINKAGE MECHANISMS

PART-A

1. Define Instantaneous centre

2. What are the important concepts in velocity analysis?

3. How to represent the direction of linear velocity of any point on a link with respect to

another point on the same link?

4. Define displacement.

5. Define Kennedy‟s theorem

6. What are the types of motions?

7. What are the methods for determining the velocity of a body?

8. Define speed.

9. Define Acceleration.

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10. Define velocity

11. What is deceleration?

12. Define coincident points.

13. Define Body centroid.

14. Define centroid.

15. Define Axode.

PART-B

1. In a simple steam engine, the lengths of the crank and the connecting rod are 100 mm

and 400 mm respectively. The weight of the connecting rod is 50 kg and its centre of

mass is 220 mm from the cross head centre. The radius of gyration about the centre

of mass is 120 mm. If the engine speed is 300 rpm and the crank has turned 45° from

IDC, determine (i) The angular velocity and acceleration of the connecting rod (ii)

Kinetic energy of the connecting rod.

2. PQRS is a four bar chain with a fixed link PS. The lengths of the links are : PQ = 62.5

mm, QR = 175 mm, RS = 112.5 mm and PS = 200 mm. The crank PQ rotates at 10

rad/s clockwise. Draw the velocity and acceleration diagram when angle QPS = 60°

and find the angular velocity and angular acceleration of the links QR and RS.

3. A four bar chain is represented by a quadrilateral ABCD in which AD is fixed and is

0.6m long.The crank AB=0.3m long rotates in a clockwise direction at 10 rad/sec and

with an angular acceleration of 30 rad/s2,both clockwise.The crank drives the link

CD=0.36m by means of the connecting link BC=0.36m. the angle BAD=60°.Using

graphical method,determine the angular velocities and angular accelerations of CD and

BC.

4. A single slider crank mechanism is shown in fig. Determine the acceleration at B & E

and the angular acceleration of the link AB.The crank rotates at 20red/sec counter-

clockwise.

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5. The following data refer to the dimensions of the links of a four-bar mechanism:

AB=50mm;BC=66mm;CD=56mm; and AD(fixed link)=100mm.at the instant when

angle DAB=60°,the link AB has an angular velocity of 10.5 rad/s in the counter

clockwise direction. Determine the velocity of point C,velocity of pointE on the link

BC while BE=40mm and the angular velocities of the links BC and CD.also sketch the

mechanism and indicate the data.

6. The crank of a slider crank mechanism is 15 cm and the connecting rod is 60 cm long.

The crank makes 300 rpm in clockwise direction. When it has turned 450 from the

inner dead centre position, determine (i) Acceleration of the slider and (ii) Angular

acceleration of the connecting rod. (Nov 2015)

7. Figure 2 show a mechanism in which OA =300mm, AB=600,AC=1200mm,BD

=1200mm.OD is Horizontal for the given configuration. If OA rotates at 200rpm in

clockwise direction, find

(i) the linear velocities of C and D and (ii) the angular velocities of links AC and BD.

8. Sketch and explain any three kinematic inversions of four-bar chain.

9. In a four bar chain ABCD, AD is fixed and is 15 cm long. The crank AB is 4 cm long

and rotates at 120 rpm clockwise, while the link CD (whose length is 8 cm) oscillates

about D. BC and AD are of equal length. Find the angular velocity of link CD when

angle BAD = 60°.

10. 10. In a mechanism shown in the below figure, the various dimensions are OC = 125

mm; CP = 500 mm; PA = 125 mm; AQ = 250 mm; and QE = 125 mm. The slider P

translates along the axis which is 25 mm vertically below point O. The crank OC

rotates uniformly at 120 r.p.m in the anti-clockwise direction. The bell crank lever

AQE rocks about fixed centre Q. Draw the velocity diagram and calculate the absolute

velocity of point E of the lever.

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UNIT-III KINEMATICS OF CAM MECHANISMS

PART-A

1. Distinguish radial and cylindrical cams.

2. What is cam?

3. Define tangent cam?

4. Compare Roller and mushroom follower of a cam.

5. What are the different motions of the follower?

6. Define trace point in the study of cams.

7. Define pressure angle with respect to cams

8. Define undercutting in cam. How is occurs?

9. What are the different types of cams?

10. Define Trace point

11. What is meant by Simple Hormonic Motion?

12. Define cam angle.

13. Define Pitch curve

PART-B

1. A cam operating a knife edged follower has the following data :

(a) Follower moves outwards through 40 mm during 600

of cam rotation

(b) Follower dwells for the next 450

(c) Follower returns to its original position during next 900

(d) Follower dwells for the rest of the rotation.

The displacement of the follower is to take place with Simple Harmonic motion during

both the outward and return strokes. The least radius of the cam is 50 mm. Draw the

profile of the cam when the axis of the follower passes through the cam axis.

2. A cam, with a minimum radius of 50 mm, rotating clockwise at a uniform Speed, is

required to give a knife edge follower the motion as described below:

1. To move outwards through 40 mm during 100° rotation of the cam;

2. To dwell for next 80°;

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3. To return to its starting position during next 90°, and

4. To dwell for the rest period of a revolution i.e. 90°.

3. Draw the profile of the cam

(i) When the line of stroke of the follower passes through the centre of the cam shaft,

(ii) When the line of stroke of the follower is off-set by 15 mm.

The displacement of the follower is to take place with uniform acceleration and

uniform retardation. Determine the maximum velocity and acceleration of the follower

when the cam shaft rotates at 900 r.p.m.

Draw the displacement, velocity and acceleration diagrams for one complete

revolution of the cam.

4. Draw the profile of the cam when the roller follower moves with cycloidal motion

during

out stroke and return stroke, as given below :

1. out stroke with maximum displacement of 31.4 mm during 180° of cam rotation,

2. Return stroke for the next 150° of cam rotation,

3. Dwell for the remaining 30° of cam rotation

The minimum radius of the cam is 15 mm and the roller diameter of the follower is 10

mm. The axis of the roller follower is offset by 10 mm towards right from the axis of

cam shaft.

5. In a symmetrical tangent cam operating a roller follower, the least radius of the cam is

30 mm and roller radius is 17.5 mm. The angle of ascent is 75° and the total lift is 17.5

mm. The speed of the cam shaft is 600 r.p.m.

Calculate: 1. The principal dimensions of the cam; 2. The accelerations of the follower

at the beginning of the lift, where straight flank merges into the circular nose and at the

apex of the circular nose. Assume that there is no dwell between ascent and descent.

6. Design a cam to raise a valve with simple harmonic motion through 50 mm in 1/3 of a

revolution, keep if fully raised through 1/12 revolution and to lower it with simple

harmonic motion in 1/6 revolution. The valve remains closed during the rest of the

revolution. The diameter of the roller is 20 mm and the minimum radius of the cam is

25 mm. The diameter of the camshaft is 25 mm. The axis of the valve rod passes

through the axis of the camshaft. If the camshaft rotates at uniform speed of 100

r.p.m.; find the maximum velocity and acceleration of a valve during raising and

lowering.

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7. A cam, with a minimum radius of 25 mm, rotating clockwise at a uniform speed is to

be designed to give a roller follower, at the end of a valve rod, motion described below

1. To raise the valve through 50 mm during 120° rotation of the cam;

2. To keep the valve fully raised through next 30°;

3. To lower the valve during next 60°; and

4. To keep the valve closed during rest of the revolution i.e. 150°;

8. The diameter of the roller is 20 mm and the diameter of the cam shaft is 25 mm.Draw

the profile of the cam when (a) the line of stroke of the valve rod passes through the

axis of the cam shaft, and (b) the line of the stroke is offset 15 mm from the axis of the

cam shaft. The displacement of the valve, while being raised and lowered, is to take

place with simple Harmonic motion. Determine the maximum acceleration of the

valve rod when the cam shaft rotates at 100 r.p.m. Draw the displacement, the velocity

and the acceleration diagrams for one complete revolution of the cam.

9. Draw the profile of the cam when the roller follower moves with cycloidal motion

during out stroke and return stroke, as given below :

1. out stroke with maximum displacement of 31.4 mm during 180° of cam rotation,

2. Return stroke for the next 150° of cam rotation,

3. Dwell for the remaining 30° of cam rotation.

The minimum radius of the cam is 15 mm and the roller diameter of the follower is 10

mm.The axis of the roller follower is offset by 10 mm towards right from the axis of

cam shaft.

10. A symmetrical tangent cam operating a roller follower has the following particulars :

Radius of base circle of cam = 40 mm, roller radius = 20 mm, angle of ascent = 75°,

total lift = 20 mm, speed of cam shaft = 300 r.p.m. Determine: 1. the principal

dimensions of the cam, 2. the equation for the displacement curve, when the follower

is in contact with the straight flank and 3. The acceleration of the follower when it is in

contact with the straight flank where it merges into the circular nose.

It is required to set out the profile of a cam to give the following motion to the

reciprocating follower with a flat mushroom contact face :

(i) Follower to have a stroke of 20 mm during 120° of cam rotation;

(ii) Follower to dwell for 30° of cam rotation;

(iii) Follower to return to its initial position during 120° of cam rotation; and

(iv) Follower to dwell for remaining 90° of cam rotation.

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The minimum radius of the cam is 25 mm. The out stroke of the follower is performed

with simple harmonic motion and the return stroke with equal uniform acceleration

and retardation.

UNIT IV – GEARS AND GEAR TRAINS

PART-A

1. Define normal and axial pitch in helical gears.

2. State law of Gearing.

3. What are the advantages and limitations of gear drive? Write any two.

4. Define interference.

5. Define Backslash.

6. Define cycloidal tooth profile and involute tooth profile

7. Where the epicyclic gear trains are used?

8. Define Contact Ratio.

9. What are the methods to avoid interference?

10. What is the advantage of a compound gear train over a simple gear train?

11. What is the externally applied torques used to keep the gear train in equilibrium?

PART-B

1. A toothed gear A is to drive another toothed gear B. The centre to centre distance

between their axes of rotation is to be exactly 375 mm. Speed A is to be 500 rpm and

that of B is 350 r.p.m. approximately. If each is of module 5 mm. determine what

should be the number of teeth on each gear. In that case what would be the actual

speed of gear B? Assuming that the gears available have teeth divisible by 5 only

2. Two mating gears have 20 and 40 involute teeth of module 10 mm and 20° pressure

angle. The addendum on each wheel is to be made of such a length that the line of

contact on each side of the pitch point has half the maximum possible length.

Determine the addendum height for each gear wheel, length of the path of contact, arc

of contact and contact ratio.

3. 2. Two involute gears of 20° pressure angle are in mesh. The number of teeth on

pinion is 20 and the gear ratio is 2. If the pitch expressed in module is 5 mm and the

pitch line speed is 1.2 m/s, assuming addendum as standard and equal to one module,

find:

a. The angle turned through by pinion when one pair of teeth is in mesh; and

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b. The maximum velocity of sliding.

4. In an epicyclic gear train, an arm carries two gears A and B having 36 and 45 teeth

respectively. If the arm rotates at 150 r.p.m. in the anticlockwise direction about the

centre of the gear A which is fixed, determine the speed of gear B. If the gear A

instead of being fixed, makes 300 r.p.m. in the clockwise direction, what will be the

speed of gear B ?

5. In a reverted epicyclic gear train, the arm A carries two gears B and C and a compound

gear D - E. The gear B meshes with gear E and the gear C meshes with gear D. The

number of teeth on gears B, C and D are 75, 30 and 90 respectively. Find the speed

and direction of gear C when gear B is fixed and the arm A makes 100 r.p.m.

clockwise.

6. An epicyclic gear consists of three gears A, B and C as shown in Fig. The gear A has

72 internal teeth and gear C has 32 external teeth. The gear B meshes with both A and

C and is carried on an arm EF which rotates about the centre of A at 18 r.p.m.. If the

gear A is fixed, determine the speed of gears B and C.

7. In an epicyclic gear of the „sun and planet‟ type shown in Fig. the pitch circle

diameter of the internally toothed ring is to be 224 mm and the module 4 mm. When

the ring D is stationary, the spider A,which carries three planet wheels C of equal size,

is to make one revolution in the same sense as the sunwheel B for every five

revolutions of the driving spindle carrying the sunwheel B. Determine suitable

numbers of teeth for all the wheels.

8. In an epicyclic gear train a gear C is keyed to the driving shaft A which rotates at 900

rpm. Gears D and E are fixed together and rotate freely on a pin carried by the arm M

which is keyed to the driven shaft B. Gear D is mesh with gear C while the gear E is in

mesh with a fixed annular wheel F. The annular wheel is concentric with he driven

shaft B. If the shaft A and B are collinear and number of teeth on gears C, D, E and F

are respectively 21, 28, 14 and 84. Determine the speed and sense of rotation of the

driven shaft B.(Apr/May-2015)

9. Calculate:

(i) Length of path of contact

(ii) Arc of contact

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(iii) The contact ratio, when a pinion having 23 teeth drives a gear having teeth 57.

The profile of the gears is involute with pressure angle 20°, module 8mm and

addendum equal to one module.

10. State and prove the law of gearing. (NOV/DEC-2012)

UNIT V – FRICTION IN MACHINE ELEMENTS

PART-A

1. What are the effects of limiting angle of friction?

2. Define co-efficient of friction (µ).

3. Why self- locking screws have lesser efficiency?

4. What are the functions of clutches?

5. Why friction is called as „necessary evil‟?

6. State the law of belting?

7. What you meant by „Crowing in pulley”?

8. List out the commonly used breaks.

9. Write down the disadvantage of V-belt drive over flat belt?

10. Why lubrication reduces friction?

11. When is the cross belt used instead of open belt?

PART-B

Problems on Bearings:

1. Deduce the expression for determination frictional torque in a conical pivot bearing

considering uniform wear.(Nov/Dec 2004)

2. Derive the expression to determine the power lost in trapezoidal (truncated) conical

pivot bearing considering uniform pressure condition.(Nov/Dec 2005)

3. In a thrust bearing, the external and internal diameters of the contacting surfaces are

320 mm and 200 mm respectively. The total axial load is 80 kN and the intensity of

pressure is 350 KN/m2. He shaft rotates at 400 rpm. Taking the coefficient of friction

as 0.06. Calculate the power lost in overcoming the friction and the number of collars

required.(Nov/Dec 2012)

4. A vertical shaft of 100 mm diameter rotating at 150 rpm rests on a flat end foot step

bearing. The coefficient of friction is = 0.05 and shaft carries vertical load of 15 KN.

Find the power lost in friction assuming the following conditions (i) Uniform pressure

(ii) Uniform wear(May / June 2013)

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5. A vertical shaft of 140 mm diameter rotating at 120 rpm, rests on a flat end foot step

bearing. The coefficient of friction is = 0.06 and shaft carries vertical load of 30 KN.

Find the power lost in friction assuming the following conditions (i) Uniform pressure

(ii) Uniform wear(Nov /Dec 2013)

6. A 150 mm valve, against a steam pressure of 2 MN/m2 is acting, is closed by means of

a square threaded a screw 50 mm in external diameter with 6 mm pitch. If the

coefficient of friction is 0.12, find the torque required to turn the handle.(May /June

2014)

7. A load of 25 kN is supported by a conical pivot with angle of cone as 120°. The

intensity of pressure is not to exceed 350 kN/m2. The external radius is 2 times the

internal radius. The shaft is rotating at 180 rpm and coefficient of friction is 0.05. find

the power absorbed in friction assuming uniform pressure.(Nov/Dec 2006)

8. The thrust of a propeller shaft in marine engine is taken up by a number of collars

integral with the shaft which is 300 mm in diameter. The thrust on the shaft is 200 KN

and the speed is 75 rpm. Taking µ=0.05 and assuming intensity of pressure as uniform

and equal to 0.3 N/mm2, find the external diameter of the collars and the number of

collars required, if the power lost in friction is not to exceed 16kW.(May /June 2007)

9. A conical pivot bearing supports a vertical shaft of 200 mm diameter. It is subjected to

a load of 30 kN. The angle of cone is 120° and the coefficient of friction is 0.025. Find

the power lost in friction when the speed is 140 rpm assuming :(i) uniform pressure

and (ii) uniform wear. (Nov/Dec 2004)

10. A conical pivot bearing 150 mm in diameter has a cone angle of 120°. If the shaft

supports an axial load of 20 kN and the coefficient of friction is 0.03, find the power

lost in friction when the shaft rotates at 200 rpm. (Assume uniform wear

condition).(Apr/May 2006)

11. A truncated conical pivot of cone angle ϕ rotating at speed N, supports a load W. the

smallest and largest diameter of the pivot over the contact area are „d‟ and D

respectively. Assuming uniform wear, derive the expression for the frictional

torque.(Apr/May 2006)

12. A conical pivot supports a load of 20 kN, the cone angle is 120° and the intensity of

normal pressure is not to exceed 0.3 N/mm2. The external diameter is twice the

internal diameter. Find the outer and inner radii of the bearing surface. If the shaft

rotates at 200 rpm and the coefficient of friction is 0.1, find the power absorbed in

friction. Assume uniform pressure.(Nov/Dec 2005)

Problems on Clutches:

1. The external and internal radii of a friction plate of a single plate of a single clutch are

120 mm and 60 mm respectively. The friction surfaces are held together with a total

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axial thrust of 1500 N. For, uniform wear; find the maximum, minimum and average

pressure on the contact surface.(Apr/May 2006)

2. A cone clutch is to transmit 7.5 Kw at 900 rpm. The cone has a face angle of 12°. The

width of the face is half of the mean radius and the normal pressure between the

contact faces is not to exceed 0.09 N/mm2. Assuming uniform wear condition and the

co-efficient of friction between contact faces as 0.2, find the main dimensions of the

clutch and the axial force required to engage the clutch.(NOV/DEC 2002)

3. A single dry plate clutch transmits 7.5 kW at 900 revolutions per minute. The axial

pressure is limited to 0.07 N/mm2. If the coefficient of friction is 0.25, find (i) mean

radius and face width of the friction lining assuming the ratio of the mean radius to the

face width as 4, and (ii) outer and inner radii of the clutch plate.(Apr/May2005) (May /

June 2009)

4. A 10 kW engine develops a maximum torque of 100 N.m and is driving a car having a

single plate clutch of two active surfaces. Axial pressure is not to exceed 0.85 bar.

External diameter of friction plate is 1.25 times internal diameter. Assume uniform

wear and coefficient of friction = 0.3. Determine dimension of friction plate and axial

force exerted by the springs.(Nov/Dec 2006)

5. A rotor is driven by a co-axial motor through a single plate clutch, bothsides of the

plate being effective. The external and internal diameters of the plate are respectively

220 mm and 160 mm and the total spring load pressing the plates together is 570 N.

The motor armature and shaft has a mass of 800 kg with an effective radius of gyration

of 200 mm. the rotor has a mass of 1300 kg with an effective radius of gyration of 180

mm. the coefficient of friction for the clutch is 0.35. The driving motor is brought upto

a speed of 1250 rpm when the current is switched off and the clutch suddenly engaged.

Determine (i) the final speed of motor and rotor,(ii) the time to reach this speed,(iii)

the kinetic energy lost during the period of slipping.(Nov/Dec 2011)

6. A single plate clutch has dimensions 300 mm outside diameter and 100 mm inside

diameter. Both sides of the plate are effective. Assuming uniform wear and coefficient

of friction of 0.35, determine the maximum power that can be transmitted at 1500 rpm,

if the maximum pressure on the plate is not to exceed 1 MN/m2. Find also the

minimum intensity of pressure and its location.(Nov/Dec 2011)

7. A single plate clutch, with both sides effective, has outer and inner diameters 300 mm

and 200 mm respectively. The maximum intensity of pressure at any point in the

contact surface is not to exceed 0.1 N/mm2. If the coefficient of friction is 0.3,

determine the power transmitted by a clutch at a speed 2500 rpm for two types

assumptions, that is for uniform pressure and uniform wear.(Apr /May 2012)

8. A friction clutch of multi plate types is meant for transmitting a power of 55 KW at

1800 rpm. Coefficient of friction for the friction surfaces is 0.1. Axial intensity of

pressure is not to exceed 160 KN/m2. The internal radius is 80 mm and is 0.7 times the

28

external radius. Determine the number of plates needed to transmit the required

torque.(May / June 2013)(Nov /Dec 2013)

9. A leather faced conical clutch has a cone angle of 30°. If the intensity of pressure

between the contact surfaces is limited to 0.35 N/mm2 and the breadth of the conical

surface is not to exceed 1/3rd

of the mean radius, determine the dimensions of the

contact surfaces to transmit 22.5 kW at 2000 rpm. Assume uniform wear rate and µ =

0.15(May /June 2007) (May /June 2008)

10. Derive the expression for frictional torque on cone clutch based on uniform pressure

theory.(May /June 2007)

11. Derive the expression for frictional torque on cone clutch based on uniform wear

theory.(May /June 2007)

Problems on Screw jack:

1. Derive an expression for maximum efficiency of a screw jack.(Nov/Dec 2011& 2009)

2. The following data related to the screw jack: pitch of the threaded screw = 8 mm;

diameter of the screw thread = 40 mm; coefficient of friction between screw and nut =

0.1; load 20kN. Assuming that the load rotates with screw, determine (i) the ratio of

torques required to raise and lower the load, and (ii) the efficiency of the machine.(Apr

/May 2012)

3. The mean diameter of the screw jack having pitch of 10 mm is 50 mm. a load of 20 kN

is lifted through a distance of 170 mm. find the workdone in lifting the load and

efficiency of the screw jack when (i) the load rotates with the screw, and (ii) the load

rests on the loose head which does not rotate with the screw. The external and internal

diameters of the bearing surface of the loose head are 60 mm and 10 mm respectively.

The coefficient of friction for the screw as well as the bearing surface may be taken as

0.08. (Nov/Dec 2011)

4. A load of 10 KN is raised by means of a screw jack, having a square threaded screw of

12 mm pitch and of mean diameter 50 m. if a force of 100 N is applied at the end of a

lever to raise the load, what should be the length of the lever used? Coefficient of

friction is 0.15. What is the mechanical advantage obtained? State whether the screw is

self locking or not. (May/June 2009)

5. A vertical screw with single start square thread 50 mm mean diameter and 10 mm

pitch is raised against a load of 5500 N by means of a hand wheel, the boss of which is

threaded to act as a nut. The axial load is taken up by a thrust collar which supports the

wheel boss and has a mean diameter of 65 mm. if the coefficient of friction is 0.15 for

the screw and 0.18 for the collar and tangential force applied by each hand to the

wheel is 140 N,find the suitable diameter of the hand wheel.(NOV/DEC 2002)

29

6. A bolt is having V-threads. The pitch of the threads is 5 mm and V-angle is 55°. The

mean diameter of the bolt is tightened by screwing a nut. The mean radius of the

bearing surface of the nut is 25 mm. the load on the bolt is 5000 N. The coefficient of

friction for nut and bolt is 0.1 whereas for nut and bearing surface is 0.16. Determine

the force required at the end of a spanner 0.6 m long. (Apr/May2003)

7. The efficiency of a screw jack is 55%, when a load of 1500 N is lifted by an effort

applied at the end of a handle of length 0.5m. Determine the effort applied if the pitch

of the screw thread is 10 mm.(Nov/Dec 2003)

8. Derive from first principles an expression for the effort required to raise a load with a

screw jack taking friction into consideration.(Nov/Dec 2004 & 2005),(Apr/May

2006)(May /June 2008)

9. The mean diameter of the screw jack having pitch of 10 mm is 50 mm. A load of 20

KN is lifted through a distance of 170 mm. find the workdone in lifting the load and

efficiency of the screw jack when: (i) the load rotates with screw, and (ii) the load rests

on the loose head which does not rotate with the screw. The external and internal

diameter of the bearing surface of the loose head is 60 mm and 10 mm respectively.

The coefficient of friction for the screw as well as the bearing surface may be taken as

0.08(Apr/May2005)

10. A square threaded bolt of root diameter 22.5 mm and pitch 5 mm is tightened by

screwing nut whose mean diameter of bearing surface is 50 mm. if coefficient of

friction for nut and bolt is 0.1 and for nut and bearing surface 0.16, find the force

required at the end of a spanner 500 mm long when the load on the bolt is 10 kN.

(Nov/Dec 2005),(Apr/May 2006),(May /June 2007)(Nov/Dec 2007),

11. A screw –jack has a square thread of mean diameter 6 cm and pitch 0.8 cm. the

coefficient of friction at the screw is 0.09. a load of 3 KN is to be lifted through 12 cm.

determine the torque required and workdone in lifting the load through 12 cm. find the

efficiency of the jack also.(Nov/Dec 2006)

12. A pitch of 50 mm dia threaded screw of a screw jack is 12.5 mm. Coefficient of

friction between screw and nut is 0.10. Determine the torque required to raise the load

of 25 kN rotating with screw. Also find the torque required to lower the load and

efficiency.(Nov/Dec 2006)

13. A 150 mm diameter valve, against a steam pressure of 2 MN/m2 is acting, is closed by

means of a square threaded screw 50 mm in external diameter with 6 mm pitch. If the

coefficient of friction is 0.12, find the torque required to turn the handle.(Nov/Dec

2004)

Problems on Belts:

1. Prove that the limiting ratio of tensions in a flat belt drive is given by the

30

equation𝑇1

𝑇2= 𝑒𝜇𝜃 . (Nov/Dec 2011)

2. 100 kW is to be transmitted by a rope drive through a 160 cm diameter 45° grooved

pulley running at 200 rpm. Angle of overlap is 140° and coefficient of friction between

pulley and rope is 0.25. mass of the rope is 0.7 kg/m and it can withstand a tension of

8000 N. considering centrifugal tension, find the following: (i) number of ropes

required (ii) initial tension in the rope.(Nov/Dec 2006)

3. Explain the following: (i) Crowning of pulleys (ii) Self- locking pulleys (iii) uses of

brakes in automobiles.(Nov/Dec 2006)

4. A rope drive is required to transmit 230 kW from a pulley of 1 m diameter running at

450 rpm. The safe pull in each rope is 800 Nand mass of the rope is 0.46 kg/m. The

angle of lap and groove angle are 160° and 45° respectively. If the coefficient of

friction between the rope and the pulley is 0.3, find the number of ropes

required.(Nov/Dec 2011& 2009)

5. Derive an expression for the centrifugal tension in a belt passing round a pulley

rim(Nov/Dec 2012) (Apr /May 2010)

6. A pulley is driven by a flat belt, angle of lap being 120 degrees. The weights 6N per

meter run. The coefficient of friction is 0.3 and maximum stress in the belt is not to

exceed 200 N/cm2. The belt is 10 cm wide and 0.6 cm thick. Find the maximum

power that can be transmitted and the corresponding speed of the belt(Apr /May 2010)

7. Find the power transmitted by a belt running over a pulley 700 mm diameter at 300

rpm, µ=0.3 and angle of lap 160° and maximum tension in the belt is 2.453 KN.(May /

June 2013)

8. Two pulleys, one 450 mm diameter and the other 200 mm diameter are in parallel

shafts 1.95 m apart and are connected by a crossed belt. Find the length of the belt

required and angle of contact between the belt and each pulley. What power can be

transmitted by the belt when the large pulley rotates at 200 rpm, if the maximum

permissible tension in the belt is 1KN and coefficient of friction between the belt and

pulley is 0.25?(May /June 2014)

9. A compressor requires 90kW to operate at 250 rpm. The drive is by V-belts from an

electric motor running at 750 rpm. The diameter of the pulley on the compreesor shaft

must not be greater than 1 meter while the center distance between the pulleys is

limited to 1.75 m. the belt speed should not exceed 1600 m/min. determine the number

of V-belts required to transmit the power if each belt has a cross- sectional area of 375

mm2, density 1000 kg/m3 and an allowable tensile stress of 2.5 MPa. The groove

angle of the pulley is 35°. The coefficient of friction between the belt and the pulley is

0.25. also calculate the length of belt.(Nov/Dec 2008) (Apr /May 2010)

10. An open belt drive connects two pulleys 120 cm and 50 cm diameters on parallel

shafts 4 m apart. The maximum tension in the belt is 1855 N. the coefficient of friction

31

is 0.3. the driver pulley of diameter 120 cm runs at 200 rpm calculate (i) power

transmitted (ii) torque on each of two shafts.(May /June 2008)

11. Determine the width of a 9.75 mm thick leather belt required to transmit 15 kW from a

motor running at 900 rpm. The diameter of the driving pulley is 300 mm. the driven

pulley runs at 300 rpm and the distance between the centers of two pulleys is 3 m. the

density of the leather can be taken as 1000 kg/m3. Take µ = 0.3 and maximum

allowable shear in the leather = 2.5 MPa and the drive is open type.(Nov/Dec 2007)

12. A leather belt is required to transmit 7.5 kW from a pulley 1.2 m in diameter, running

at 250 rpm. The angle embraced is 165° and the coefficient of friction between the belt

and pulley is 0.3. If safe working stress for the leather belt is1.5 MPa, density of

leather is 1Mg/m3 and thickness of belt is 10 mm. determine the width of the belt

taking centrifugal tension into account.(May /June 2007)

13. Briefly explain the following: slip of the belt and creep of the belt.(Apr/May2003)

14. An open belt drive connects two pulleys of 1.2 m and 0.5 m diameters on parallel shaft

4 m apart. The maximum tension in the belt is 1800 N. the coefficient of friction is 0.3.

The driven pulley of diameter 1.2 m runs at 250 rpm. Calculate the length of the belt

required, the power transmitted, and the torque on each of the two

shafts.(Apr/May2003)

15. Prove or disprove the following statement: A V-belt drive with same coefficient of

friction and angle of wrap as a flat-belt drive will transmit less power than flat-belt

drive.(Nov/Dec 2003)

16. Two pulleys, one 450 mm diameter and the other 200 mm diameter are on parallel

shafts 2.1 m apart and are connected by a crossed belt. The larger pulley rotates at 225

rpm. The maximum permissible tension in the belt is 1kN and the coefficient of

friction between the belt and the pulley is 0.25. Find the length of the belt required and

the power that can be transmitted.(Nov/Dec 2003)

17. An open belt running over two pulleys of 1.5 m and 1.0 m diameters connects two

parallel shafts 4.80 m apart. The initial tension in the belt is 3000 N. the smaller pulley

is rotating at 600 rpm. The mass of belt is 0.6703 kg/m length. The coefficient of

friction between the belt and pulley is 0.3. Find: (i) the exact length of the belt

required, and (ii) the power transmitted taking centrifugal tension into

account.(Apr/May 2006),(Nov/Dec 2006)

Problems on Friction:

1. Derive the force analysis of a body resting on an inclined plane with force inclined to

the plane.(Nov /Dec 2013)

2. List out the various types of friction.(Nov /Dec 2013)

32

3. Prove or disprove the following statement: “Angle of friction is equal to angle of

repose”. (Apr/May2003)

4. An effort of 1200 N is required to just move a certain body up an inclined plane of

angle 12° with force acting parallel to the plane. If the angle of inclination is increased

to 15°, then the effort required is 1400 N. find the coefficient of friction and the weight

of the body.(Nov/Dec 2003)

33

MANUFATURING TECHNOLOGY-II

UNIT-I

PART - A

1. List the various metal removal processes?

2. How chip formation occurs in metal cutting?

3. What is tool wear? And classify it

4. Mention the cutting fluids?

5. Draw the nomenclature of cutting tool geometry?

6. Compare orthogonal and oblique cutting?

7. Define tool life.

8. What are the objectives and functions of cutting fluids?

9. Briefly explain the effect of rake angle during cutting?

10. How do you classify tool wear?

11. What are the factors responsible for built-up edge in cutting tools?

12. What is electrochemical wear in tools?

13. List out the essential characteristics of a cutting fluid.

14. Name the various cutting tool materials.

15. Give two examples of orthogonal cutting.

16. What are the four important characteristics of materials used for cutting tools?

17. What is the function of chip breakers?

18. Name the factors that contribute to poor surface finish in cutting.

19. when will be the negative rake angles be used ?

20. state any two difference between orthogonal and oblique cutting

21. what is orthogonal rake system ?

22. why is neither lubrication nor required while machining cast iron ?

23. what is meant by buildup edge ?

34

PART-B

1. In an orthogonal cutting operation on a work piece of width 2.5mm, the uncut chip

thickness was 0.25mm and the tool rake angle was zero degree. It was observed that the

chip thickness was 1.25mm.The cutting force was measured to be 900N and the thrust

force was found to be 810 N. (a) Find the shear angle. (b) If the coefficient of friction

between the chip and the tool, was 0.5, what is the machining constant Cm?

2. What is a chip Describe the different types of chips produced during metal machining

with neat sketches.

3. Mention the functions of cutting fluids.

4. Describe the mechanism of metal cutting?

5. List the various tool materials used in industry. State the optimum temperature of each of

the tool materials.

6. The Taylor tool life equation for machining C-40 steel with a HSS cutting tool at a feed

of 0.2mm/min and a depth of cut of 2mm is given by VTn= C, Where n and C are

constants. The following V and T observations have been noted V , m/min 25,35 T , min

90,20 Calculate (1) n and C (2) Hence recommend the cutting speed for a desired tool life

of 60min.

7. a)State the parameters that influence the life of too l and discuss? b)What is meant by

orthogonal cutting and oblique cutting?

8. Explain “merchant force circle” along with assumptions.

9. Explain the geometry of a single point t cutting tool with suitable sketches?

10. Explain the basic actions of cutting fluids

11. What is orthogonal rake system? Show the ORS of the tool analysis with the help of a

sketch.

12. What is the use of chip breaker? Discuss the various types of chips produced during

metal machining process.

13. Explain the conditions that promote the formation of the following types of chip

14. Continuous chips without buildup edge. (b)Continuous chip with buildup edge.

(c)Discontinuous chips.

15. What are the standard angles of cutting tool? Illustrate with an example.

16. Describe an expression for the determination of shear angle in orthogonal metal cutting .

UNIT – II

PART-A

1. What are the various thread cutting methods?

35

2. What is Swiss type automat?

3. Explain the following parts of lathe? (a)Lathe bed (b) Carriage

4. What is an apron?

5. List any four methods by which taper turning is done in a center lathe.

6. Draw a neat sketch of geneva mechanism used in turret lathe or automatic indexing .

7. Distinguish between Capstan lathe and Turret lathe.

8. State the different methods of taper turning .

9. Mention four different types of chucks used in a machine shop.

10. What is the purpose of a mandrel? How many types of mandrels is there in common use?

11. What are the advantages of using a collect chuck?

12. Why is it essential that the cutting point of the tool should be level with the spindle center

while machining taper on a work piece.

13. What is the difference between a ram type turret lathe and saddle type turret lathe?

14. Calculate the power required for cutting a steel rod of 50mm in diameter at

200rpm.Assume cutting force of 160 kg.

15. What are the advantages of automatic lathes?

16. What are the functions of feed rod and lead screw?

17. Why were power chucks developed?

18. How is thread chased in a lathe?

19. List the three most commonly employed types of single spindle automatics.

20. List the various parts mounted on the carriage

21. What are the types of single spindle automatic lathes ?

22. Mention any four shaper specifications ?

23. What is centre gauge that is used in threading ?

24. What are programmed automatic lathes ?

25. What is the purpose of tumbled gear mechanism of a lathe ?

1. a)Explain the various taper turning methods?

b)Discuss about special attachments of lathe.

c)Describe the turret indexing mechanism.

2. a)Discuss about the bar feed mechanism.

b) Describe the holding devices in a lathe

36

PART-B

3. Explain the following with a neat sketch (i)Taper turning by swiveling the compound rest i)Taper turning

attachment method (iii)Taper turning with tail stock set over method.

4. Mention the specifications of lathe with a neat sketch.

5. Calculate the change gears to cut a single start thread M16 of 2mm pitch on a Centre lathe ,having a lead

screw of 6mm pitch. Calculate the depth of cut and number of passes preferred.(A typical set contains the

following change gears with number of teeth : 20,25,30,35,40,45,50,55,60,65and 70) .

6. Draw neat sketches of steady and follower rests and brief their applications.

7. a)Describe the constructional features of Swiss type automatic screw machine. b)Discuss the main parts of

a turret lathe.

8. Explain the working of swiss type auto lathe with a neat sketch

9. a)What is meant by “Tool layout” of a turret lathe?

37

b) Name the various lathe accessories. How does a four jaw chuck differ from a three jaw

chuck? Explain the thread cutting operation in a lathe with a neat sketch. Also make a

note on knurling, grooving and forming operations in a lathe.

10. a)Discuss the features of ram type and saddle type Turret. b)Explain the feature of metal

spindle automatics.

11. Describe some of the methods and equipments for holding work on a lathe .

12. Briefly explain the principle of working of the sliding head type single spindle automatic

machine.

13. a)Describe with a neat sketch a turret automatic screw machine.

b) Calculate the time taken for one complete cut on a workpiece of 500mm long and 50mm

diameter. The cutting speed is 30m/min and the feed rate is 0.5mm/rev.

14. a)Describe the working principle of multi spindle automatics. Give its advantages and

application. b)Explain the construction and working principle of a lathe with a sketch.

15. What is lathe carriage? Explain the various parts of a lathe carriage with a neat diagram. .

Enumerate the purpose of various attachments used on a center lathe.

16. What is a Swiss- type automatic screw machine? How it functions and what are its main

applications?

UNIT – III

PART-A

1. Mention the differences between shaper and planer.

2. What are the differences between drilling and reaming?

3. Briefly describe the importance of quill mechanism.

4. List the types of sawing machines.

5. Define the cutting speed, feed and machining time for drilling.

6. What is broaching.

7. What is the difference between up milling and down milling?

8. List four applications of broaching machines.

9. How do you classify milling cutters?

10. Define broaching.

11. What do you know about straight fluted drill and fluted drill?

12. What is meant by up milling and down milling?

13. State the differences between a vertical shaper and slotters.

38

14. Write the differences between drilling and tapping.

15. Under what conditions planning operation would be preferred over other machining

processes like milling, broaching, shaping etc?

16. What are the common work holding devices used on milling machines?

17. What is a shell mill?

18. Mention the operations performed by a planner.

19. Why is sawing a commonly used process.

20. Give the functions of flutes on taps.

21. List some of the materials of broaching tools .

22. State the uses of planner.

23. How are work piece held in shaper?

24. What are the various types of end mills used in milling ?

25. What is the difference between a plain milling machine and an universal milling machine

PART-B

1. a)Explain various milling cutters with neat sketches? b)Discuss various hole making

processes.

c)Explain hacksaw and band saw with neat sketches.

2. Discuss push and pull type broaching machines with neat sketches.

3. a)Discuss the principle of operation of a shaper with a neat sketch. b)Describe the working

of a crank and slotted link mechanism.

4. With a neat sketch explain the column and knee type milling machine and name its main

parts.

5. With a line diagram, describe the construction of radial drilling machine.

6. Sketch and explain the hydraulic drive of a horizontal shaper.

7. How will you cut the following types of surfaces on milling machines? (a) Flat surfaces

(b)Slots and splines

8. Sketch the Quill mechanism .write its main parts and their functions?

9. With the help of a neat sketch, discuss the working of a surface broaching machine.

10. a)What are the operations performed on a drilling machine?

b) Explain different types of drilling machines with their special features?

11. a)Discuss various types of broaches. Give out their advantages and disadvantages.

b)Discuss the common work holding devices used in shapers, slotters and planners.

39

12. With simple sketches explain the features of the major elements of twist drill.

13. a)Explain different types of milling cutters.

b) Make a note on different types of work holding devices used in a slotting machine.

14. Explain the different types of table drive and feed mechanisms in a planning machine .

15. a)Explain the hydraulic drive of a horizontal shaper with neat sketches. b)Sketch a twist

drill. Write down its main parts and their functions.

16. Write short notes on reaming and boring operation.

UNIT – IV

PART-A

1. What are the specifications of grinding wheel?

2. What is honing?

3. Narrate the working principle of abrasive jet machining.

4. . What is gear hobbing?

5. . What are the specifications of grinding wheel?

6. What is honing?

7. Narrate the working principle of abrasive jet machining.

8. What is gear hobbing?

9. Define hardness of the grinding wheel.

10. Define lapping.

11. What is meant by “grade” and “structure” of a grinding wheel?

12. What are all the parameters that would affect the MRR in abrasive jet machining?

13. Mention four important factors that influence the selection of grinding wheel.

14. What is roller burnishing process?

15. State the abrasives used in manufacture of grinding wheels.

16. What are the types of surfaces that can be produced using plain cylindrical grinders?

17. What do you mean by loading of grinding wheels?

18. Name two artificial abrasive materials

19. Distinguish between the polishing and buffing process

20. List the some of the materials of broaching tools.

21. What are grinding points ? Sketch the various grinding points ?

40

22. What is Tool post grinder?

23. How is grinding wheel designated?

24. List the gear generating process

25. Write any four applications of Abrasive jet machining

PART-B

1. a)Explain the working mechanism of cylindrical and surface grinding. b)Describe gear

cutting by forming and shaping.

2. a)Describe the principle of operation of a shaper with a neat sketch. b)Describe the

working of a crank and slotted link mechanism.

3. With a neat sketch explain the column and knee type milling machine and name its main

parts.

4. With the line diagram explain the construction of radial drilling machine.

5. Explain the working principle and various methods of centre less grinding with a neat

sketch. a)Write short notes on gear forming.

6. b)Write short notes on gear shaping &. List the advantages and limitations of gear shaping

7. Discuss the various bonding materials used for making grinding wheels

8. Sketch and explain the three methods of external cylindrical centre less grinding.

9. List the advantages and disadvantages of gear shaping process.

10. a)Explain how a spur gear is machine in a gear hobbing machine b)Give the specification

of grinding wheel.

11. Explain the principle of gear hobbing with neat sketches.

12. Explain the salient features of a centre less grinding machine and discuss different

operations that can be carried in it. Mention some advantages.

13. Briefly discuss about the different types of abrasives used in a grinding wheel.

14. Explain the gear shaving, gear honing and gear lapping processes.

15. a)Compare gear hobbing with gear shaping

b)Explain the self-sharpening characteristics of grinding wheel.

16. a)Describe the use of cutting fluids in grinding. b)Explain wheel truing and dressing.

1. List the differences between NC and CNC.

2. What are linear bearings?

3. Mention the type of ball screws.

41

4. What are feed drives? UNIT – V

PART-A

5. What are the types of motion control system used in NC machines?

6. What is meant by APT language?

7. Compare a closed loop NC system with open loop system.

8. What is a preparatory function? How is it important in CNC programming?

9. State the limitations of CNC machine tools.

10. What is a canned cycle?

11. Define NC.

12. Name the major elements of NC machines.

13. Name the major elements of CNC machines.

14. What are the classifications of NC machines?

15. What is the difference between incremental and absolute system

16. What is the role of computer for NC machine tool?

17. What is point –to – point (PTP) system?

18. What are G-Codes and M-Codes? Give examples.

19. List the commonly used coordinate systems of CNC machine tools.

20. Write down the types of statements in APT language.

21. List the main elements of a NC machine tool

22. What do you understand by „canned cycle‟ in manual part programming

23. Mention the advantages of stepping motor

24. Define subroutine

25. With reference to CNC manual part programming, state what is linear interpolation .

26. A stepping motor of 200 steps per revolution is mounted on the lead-screw of a NC

machine table. The pitch of the screw is 2.5mm/rev. if the stepping motor receives pulses

at a frequency of 2000 Hz, What is the linear speed of the table?

PART-B

1. a)Narrate the design considerations of CNC machines. b)Discuss about slide ways used in

CNC machine tools. c)Describe the spindle drives used in CNC machine tools.

2. List the difference between manual and computer assisted part programming.

42

3. . Explain the following in CNC machining. (a)Linear Interpolation (b)Circular

Interpolation (c ) Cubic interpolation

4. Describe the spindle and feed drives. State the requirement of the drives of CNC machine

tools.

5. Write the part program for the part shown below.

7. Write the part program for drilling holes in the part shown below. The plate thickness is

20mm.

9. Under what conditions of production the numerically controlled machine tools are

employed.

10. Explain the various elements of NC machine with closed loop control system.

11. a)Explain the main difference between point to point and continuous path of numerically

controlled machine tools.

b)List any five motions and control statements of computer assisted NC programming and

explain.

12. Discuss the important design features of CNC machine tools.

13. Write short notes on (a) NC machine tool classification (b)APT programming structure (c)G

and M codes (d)CNC machine Vs Conventional Machine

14. a)Define CNC and DNC. With a help of a diagram explain the working of NC machine tool.

b)How is manual programming of a NC machine done?

c) Describe in brief basic components of a tape operated NC machine tool.

15. a)Write short notes on APT language.

b)State a few typical applications where the use of numerical control would be justified.

THERMAL ENGINEERING

Part-A

UNIT-I

1. Draw the P-V and T-S diagram for otto cycle.

2. What are the assumptions made for air standard cycle analysis?

3. 2. Define mean effective pressure as applied to gas power cycles.

4. What is the effect of compression ratio on efficiency of otto cycle?

5. 2. Draw the actual and theoretical P-V diagram for four stroke cycle SI engine.

6. Mention the various processes of dual cycle.

7. For the same compression ratio and heat supplied, state the order of decreasing air

standard efficiency of Otto, diesel and dual cycle.

8. What the effects are of reheat cycle?

9. What is thermodynamic cycle?

UNIT-II

1. State the merits of a Diesel engine over a petrol engine.

2. What is the purpose of thermostat in an engine cooling system?

3. What are the effects of introducing regeneration in the basic gas turbine cycle?

4. State the purpose of providing piston in IC engines.

5. How IC engines are classified based on valve location?

6. What is carburetion?

7. What do you mean by scavenging in IC engines?

8. Differentiate between brake power and indicated power of an IC engine.

9. Differentiate between SFC and TFC in engine performance.

10. What catalytic converter does?

UNIT-III

1. What is supersaturated flow in a nozzle?

2. Define nozzle efficiency.

3. Why a choke is used in carburetor?

4. What is metastsble flow?

5. Define stoichiometric air-fuel ratio.

6. What is the effect of friction on the dryness fraction of steam leaving a nozzle?

7. What are the effects of friction on the flow through a steam nozzle?

8. Explain the need of compounding in steam turbines.

9. What is meant by governing in turbines?

10. What are the different losses involved in steam turbines?

UNIT-IV

1. Draw the P-V diagram of a two stage reciprocating air compressor.

2. What is ton of refrigeration?

3. What is compounding of steam turbine?

4. Name the methods of steam turbine governing.

5. Why is compounding necessary in steam turbine?

6. What is the purpose of using intercooler in multi-stage compression?

7. Indicate the application of reciprocating compressors in industry.

8. What are the advantages of multi stage compression with inter cooling over single stage

compression for the same pressure ratio.

9. Why clearance is necessary and what is its effect on the performance of reciprocating

compressor?

10. Give two merits of rotary compressor over reciprocating compressor.

UNIT-V

1. What is the function of analyzer and rectifier in an absorption system?

2. Define by-pass factor.

3. Give examples for positive displacement compressor.

4. What is meant by sub cooling in vapor compression system?

5. What is the advantage of multi stage air compressor?

6. Define dew point temperature

7. Define tons of refrigeration and COP.

8. What is the difference between air conditioning and refrigeration?

9. What are the effect of superheat and sub cooling on the vapor compression cycle?

10. What are the properties of good refrigerant?

11. Define RSHF,RTH.

PART-B

UNIT-I

1 . The following data relate to the theoretical diesel cycle during air as the working fluid.

Pressure at the end of suction stroke = 1 bar

Temperature at the end of suction stroke = 30ºC

Temperature at the end of constant pressure

Heat addition = 1500ºC

Compression ratio = 16

Specific heat at constant pressure = 1.005 kJ/kg K Specific heat at constant volume =

0.718 kJ/kg K

Find (i) the percentage of stroke at which cut-off takes place

(ii) temperature at the end of expansion.

(iii) the ideal thermal efficiency

2. (i) Sketch the p-v and T-s diagrams for the diesel cycle and obtain an expression for its

efficiency.

(ii) If an engine working on Otto cycle and using ideal air as the working substance has

its compression ratio raised from 5 to 6, find the percentage increase in efficiency.

3. (i) Derive an expression for the thermal efficiency of an ideal diesel cycle.

(ii) During an otto cycle the pressure at the beginning and end of the compression stroke

are 1 bar and 6.75 bar respectively. Find the air standard efficiency of the cycle.

4 (i) Show the dual cycle on P-V and T-S diagrams and derive an expression for its

efficiency.

(ii) An engine working on otto cycle has cylinder diameter and stroke are 110mm and

140mm respectively. The clearance volume is 0.25 liters. Find the air standard efficiency

of the cycle.

5. following data relate to the theoretical diesel cycle during air as the working fluid.

Pressure at the end of suction stroke = 1 bar

Temperature at the end of suction stroke = 30ºC

Temperature at the end of constant pressure

Heat addition = 1500ºC

Compression ratio = 16

Specific heat at constant pressure = 1.005 kJ/kg K Specific heat at constant volume =

0.718 kJ/kg K

Find (i) the percentage of stroke at which cut-off takes place

(ii) temperature at the end of expansion.

(iii) the ideal thermal efficiency

6. (i) Sketch the p-v and T-s diagrams for the diesel cycle and obtain an expression for its

mean effective pressure.

(ii) An engine working on otto cycle has cylinder diameter and stroke are 110mm and

140mm respectively. The clearance volume is 0.25 liters. Find the air standard efficiency

of the cycle.

7. In an air standard Otto cycle the pressure and temp at the beginning of th cycle is 42 °C

and 0.1 Mpa .The compression ratio and maximum temp. of the cycle are 8 and 1250 C

resp.Find the temp. and pressure at the cardinal points of the cycle.The heat supplied

doper kg of air. And work done per kg of air, cycle efficincy and the map of the engine.

8. In an Air standard bray ton cycle ,the air enters the comp at 1 bar and16 .The pressure

leaving the clop is 5 bar and the max temp in the cycle is 900 °C .Find the following

(i)comp and the expander work per kg of air

(ii)cycle efficiency

(iii)if an ideal regenerator is incorporated into the cycle determine the percentage change

in the efficiency.

9. In an air standard diesel cycle the pressure and temp of the air at the beginning of cycle

are 1 bar and 40°C .The temp before and after the heat supply are 400 °C and 1500°C

.Find the air standard eff. And mean effective pr. Of the cycle. what is the peer output if it

makes 100 cycles/min.

10. The pressure ,temp,and volume of air at the beginning of dual cycle are e1.03 bar 35° C

and 150 lets. Resp.Tegh volume after clop is 10 lts. ,42 KJ of heat is added to const.

Volume and 63 KJ at const pressure .Determine the air standard eff.Clearance and cutoff

percentages.

UNIT-II

1. (i) Compare two stroke and four stroke engine

(ii) Mention the various methods of lubrication system and explain any two in detail.

2. Explain why cooling is necessary in IC engine? With neat sketches describe the working of

water cooling system used for a multi cylinder engine. Why should a pump and thermostat be

provided in the cooling system of an engine?

3. (i) Compare petrol and diesel engine.

(ii) Explain the construction and working of fuel injector.

4.(i) Explain the working of mechanical fuel pump with a neat sketch.

(ii) Explain the working of magneto ignition system and compare its merits and demerits with

battery ignition system.

5. (i) Explain the working of 4-stroke petrol engine.

(ii) what are advantages of lubrication?

6. (i) Sketch the typical valve timing diagram of a high speed 4-stroke petrol engine.

(ii) Explain any one lubrication system adopted in multi cylinder SI engines

7. Explain the different types of cooling systems with neat sketches.

8.What are the common defects that are found in cooling system and give their rectification.?

9.Explain the components of fuel injection system for diesel engines.

10.What are methods of fuel injection available for diesel engines. Explain them in detail with

neat sketches.

UNIT-III

1. Dry saturated steam at a pressure of 8 bar enters a convergent divergent nozzle and leaves

it at a pressure of 1.5 bar. If the steam flow process is isentropic and if the corresponding

expansion index is 1.135, find the ratio of cross sectional area at exit and throat for

maximum discharge.

2. (i) Explain with the sketches the velocity and pressure compounded impulse turbines.

(ii) Dry saturated steam enters a steam nozzle at a pressure of 10 bar and is discharged to

a pressure of 1.5 bar. If the dryness fraction of a discharged steam is 0.95 what will be the

final velocity of steam? Neglect initial velocity of steam

3. (i) Derive the expression for critical pressure ratio in a steam nozzle.

(ii) In a steam nozzle, the steam expands from 4bar to 1 bar. The initial velocity is

60m/sec and the initial temperature is 200°C. Determine the exit velocity if the nozzle

efficiency is 92%.

4. The steam supply to an impulse turbine with a single row of moving blades is 3 kg/sec.

The turbine develops 150kW, the blade velocity being 150 m/sec. The steam flows from

from a nozzle with a velocity of 450 m/sec and the co efficient of velocity of blade is

0.95. Find the nozzle angle, blade angle at entry and exit, if the steam flows axially after

passing over the blades.

5. What is governing? Explain throttle governing and nozzle control governing with neat

sketch.

6. A one stage of steam turbine the nozzle expands 9kg/s from a pressure of 1.5 Mpa; 250°C

to 600 Kpa. The actual heat drop in the nozzle is 175 KJ/Kg. Calculate the number of

nozzles required to give an outlet area for each nozzle approximately 3.5 cm2 and adjust

the outlet dimensions to suit this number.

7. Dry saturated steam of 10 bars is expanded in a nozzle to a pressure of 0.7 bars. With the

help of mollier diagram ,find the velocity and dryness fraction of steam issuing from the

nozzle if friction is neglected.

8. Steam enters a nozzle passing a mass flow rate of 14 kg/s at a pressure of 30 bar and 300

° C. After expansion to an exit pressure of 6 bars, the exit velocity was 800 m/s. (a)

Determine the nozzle efficiency and the exit area. (b) If the loss occurs only in the

divergent portion, determine the velocity of steam of the throat.

9. Dry saturated steam at a pressure of 15 bars enters in a nozzle and is discharged at a

pressure of 1.5 bar. Find the final velocity of the steam if friction is negligible .If 10% of

heat drops due to friction; find the percentage reduction in the final velocity.

UNIT-IV

1. (i) With the help of neat sketch explain the principles of operation of a centrifugal

compressor.

(ii) A single acting air compressor compresses air from 1.2 bar to 8 bar. The clearance

volume is 2.5 litres. The compression and expansion follows the law PV1.35 = C. If the

volumetric efficiency of compressor is 80 %, find the stroke volume and the cylinder

dimensions. Assume diameter of the piston is equal to stroke.

2. (i) With the help of schematic and P-V diagram explain the working of a vane type

compressor.

(ii) A single stage double acting compressor has a free air delivery of 14 m3/min

measured at 1.013 bar and 15ºC. The pressure and temperature in the cylinder during

induction are 0.95 bar and 32ºC respectively. The delivery pressure is 7 bar and index of

compression and expansion n=1.3. The clearance volume is 5 % of the swept volume.

Calculate the indicated power required and the volumetric efficiency

3. With the help of neat sketch explain the principles of operation of a axial flow

compressor.

(ii) A single stage double acting air compressor of 62.5 kW I.P. running at 120 rpm takes

air at 1 bar and delivers at 10 bar. Assuming the law of expansion and compression as

PV1.3=C. Find the diameter and stroke of the cylinder. Take piston speed=200m/min,

Volumetric efficiency= 90%. Also find the clearance volume as percentage of stroke

volume.

4. (i) Derive an expression for work done in single stage compressor with clearance volume.

(ii) A single stage reciprocating air compressor takes 1m3 of air/minute at 1 bar and 15ºC

and delivers it at 7 bar. The law of compression is PV1.3=C, calculate the indicated

power. Neglect clearance. If the speed of compressor is 300 rpm and stroke to bore ratio

is 1.5, calculate the cylinder dimensions. Find the power required if the mechanical

efficiency of compressor is 85 % and motor transmission efficiency is 90 %.

5. a.(i) With the help of neat sketch explain the principles of operation of a roots blower.

(ii) A single stage double acting air compressor of 62.5 kW I.P. running at 120 rpm takes

air at 1 bar and delivers at 10 bar. Assuming the law of expansion and compression as

PV1.3=C. Find the diameter and stroke of the cylinder. Take piston speed=200m/min,

Volumetric efficiency= 90%.

Also find the clearance volume as percentage of stroke volume.

6. (i) Derive an expression for condition for minimum work input (interstage pressure) for

two-stage compressor.

(ii) A single acting air compressor compresses air from 1.2 bar to 8 bar. The clearance

volume is 2.5 litres. The compression and expansion follows the law PV1.35 = C. If the

volumetric efficiency of compressor is 80 %, find the stroke volume and the cylinder

dimensions. Assume diameter of the piston is equal to stroke.

7. A single stage single acting air comp, running at 1200 rpm delivers air at 26 bar.For this

purpose the induction and free air conditions can be taken as 1.013 bar and 25 C and

free air delivery as 0.35 m3/min.The clearance volume is 3% of swept volume and stroke

per bore ratio is 1.2:1.Calculate the bore and stroke and rthe volumetric efficiency of this

machine.Take n = 1.3

8. A 2 stage air compressor with perfect intercooling takes in air at 1 bar and 30 C .The

law of compression in both the stage is Pv1.3 = C .The compressed air is delivered at 10

bar from high pressure cylinder to a receiver.Calculate per Kg of air the minimum work

done and the heat rejected to the inter cooler.

9. An air compressor takes in air at 1 bar and 20 C and compressor it according to the law

Pv1.2 = C .It is then delivered to a receiver at constant pressure of 10 bar. Determine 1)

temperature at the end of compression 2) work done per Kg of air 3)The heat transferred

during the compression 4) work done during delivery.

10. A 3 stage reciprocating comp compresses air from 1 bar and 20 C to 40 bar .The law

of compression is Pv1.3 = C and is same for all the stage of compression.Assume perfect

intercooling neglecting clearance .Find the maximum power required to compress 15

m3/min of free air.Aslo ,find the intermediate pressures.

UNIT-V

1. (i) Explain summer air conditioning system with neat sketch.

(ii) A sling psychrometer reads 40ºC DBT and 30ºC WBT. Find the humidity ratio,

relative humidity, dew point temperature, specific volume of air, density of air, density of

water vapour and enthalpy.

2. A 5 ton refrigeration plant uses R12 as refrigerant. It enters the compressor at - 5ºC as

saturated vapour. Condensation takes place at 32ºC and there is no under cooling of

refrigerant liquid. Assuming isentropic compression, determine COP of the plant, mass

flow of refrigerant, power required to run the compressor in Kw

3. Explain with neat sketch winter air conditioning system.

(ii) A sling psychrometer reads 40ºC DBT and 30ºC WBT. Find the humidity ratio,

relative humidity, dew point temperature, specific volume of air, density of air, density of

water vapour and enthalpy.

4. (i) Explain the working of Lithium-Bromide refrigeration system. (ii) A vapour

compression system works between the pressure limits of 58 bar and 25 bar. At the end

of compression, the fluid is just dry, and there is no subcooling. Determine (i) COP (ii)

capacity of the system, if refrigerant flows at the rate of 5 kg/min.

5. With a neat sketch, discuss briefly the ammonia absorption refrigeration system.

6. A 5 ton refrigeration plant uses R12 as refrigerant. It enters the compressor at - 5ºC as

saturated vapour. Condensation takes place at 32ºC and there is no under cooling of

refrigerant liquid. Assuming isentropic compression, determine COP of the plant, mass

flow of refrigerant, power required to run the compressor in kW

7. Find th e power required by a perfect reversed heat engine that will make 400 kg of ice

per hour at –3 ° C from water at 22 °C .Assume latent heat of ice as 340 KJ/kg and

specific heat is 2.1 KJ/KgK.

8. In an open type of refrigerating installation 800 kg of atm air is circulated per hour.The

air is drawn from the cold chamber at a tempr of 7 °C and 1 bar and then compressed of

5 bar isentropically and then cooled at this pressure of 27 °C if led to expansion where

it expands isentropically to 1 bar.Find out heat extracted from the cold chamber

/hour.heat rejeacted to the cooling water/hour.

9. An air refrigeratior working on Belll coleman cycle takes air from cold chamber at 1 bar

and –7 °C and compresses to 7 bar following the pv1.3= c .The compressed air is cooled

to 35 °C in the cooler before entering into the expander.The expansion

isentropic,determine the COP of the cycle.

10 .An NH3 ref‟r produces 30 tons of ice from and at 0 °C in a day of 24 hours .The temp

tange in the comp is from 25 °C to –15 °C.The vapour is dry dat at the end of

comp.Assume a COP 60 % theoretical .Calculate the power required to drive the

comp.Assume latent heat of ice is 335 KJ/kg.For properties refer table or charts.