VON SOLAR-DIESEL-HYBRIDSYSTEMEN ZU …€¦ · Plant information • Installed PV power: 4.15 MWp • Installed Storage capacity:5.9 MWh • Diesel capacity: 4 MVA • Annual energy

30.05.2017, Christian Hoehle

VON SOLAR-DIESEL-HYBRIDSYSTEMEN ZU NETZDIENSTLEISTUNGEN IM VERBUNDNETZ

SMA Solar Technology AG

Solar-Diesel-Hybridsysteme

(Beispiel St. Eustatius)

Netzdienstleistungen in großen Verbundnetzen

(Beispiel Speicher für Regelleistung)

Entwicklung und Validierung der Systemsteuerung(Entwicklungsprozess und Testumfeld)

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ÜBER SMA UND MICH


Christian Höhle

Produktmanager und Projektleiter, SMA Fuel Save Solution

Bei Fragen, gerne Fragen Email: [email protected]


> SMA entwickelt und produziert Solarwechselrichter

> Wir bringen Erneuerbare Energienin die entlegensten Winkel der Welt!

> Wir sorgen mit unserer Systemtechnik für stabilen Netzbetrieb – in kleinen Inselnetzenwie auch in großen Verbundnetzen

> Wir sorgen dafür, dass auch100% Erneuerbare Energien im Stromnetz kein Problem werden

mailto:[email protected]









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SMA FUEL SAVE SOLUTIONProviding energy to the most remote places in the world



LEUCHTTURMPROJEKT SINT EUSTATIUS


Karibik

Niederländische Antillen

LARGE SCALE PV DIESEL STORAGE HYBRID SYSTEMDIESEL OFF-MODE, GRID FORMING SCS, ST. EUSTATIUS

6

SMA system solutions for hybrid applications

System Technology

• Battery: 2x SCS 2200 Grid Forming1x SCS 1000

• PV: 2x SC CP XT100074x SMA Sunny Tripower 25000TL-30

• Control: Fuel Save Controller 2.0

Plant information

• Installed PV power: 4.15 MWp• Installed Storage capacity: 5.9 MWh• Diesel capacity: 4 MVA• Annual energy yield: 6,400 MWh• Annual diesel savings: > 1,700,000 liters• Island Load: ~2MW

Project “St. Eustatius Phase 1+2”

• Location: St. Eustatius, Caribbean • Commissioning: November 2017• Requirements: Grid Forming Inverter, overall

power and energy managementsystem

Today, solar energy covers 46% of St. Eustatius’ total electricity need. Grid Forming SCS 2200 inverters allow to operate the island grid for 10.5 hours in Diesel Off-Mode operation with 100% Solar Power Fraction. In total a 5.9MWh Li-Ion storage facility has been integrated for energy shifting and grid services. Thanks to the SMA Fuel Solution about 4,560 tons CO2 per year can be saved. The project has been designed, and implemented by the SMA Sunbelt Energy GmbH.

CHALLENGES COMPARED TO A LARGE UTILITY GRID

> Generators often failLot of moving parts. Generators often fail and when failing usually cause massive load shedding or blackout

> Few fossil generation units cover high shares of loadDropout of one unit usually means 50% to 100% loss of production (depending on time of day)

> Solar production on a compact area with high wind speedsClouds often reduce PV production by 80% within seconds

> Large load shedding on grid disturbancesup to 50% in case of frequency deviation

> Grown electrical infrastructure not builtfor 100% renewable powerSolar and storage have to integrate seamlessly intoexisting electricity grid

> Hurricanes likely

> Space Limited

> Customer and operating personnel in doubt aboutperformance and interoperability

7Fuel Save Controller 2.0 – Christian Hoehle

74 Sunny Tripower 25000

TECHNICAL OVERVIEW

8

1 x SC Storage 1000

DCACCommunication

Samsung, 571kWh, 2.5C

1,89 MWp PV modules

2x Sunny Central 1000; 1x MVPS 2000 , 2MVA

2,25 MWp PV

Estimated fuel savings 1 728 000 liters/a

Solar Energy Produced(net)

6.4 GWh /a

CO2 savings 4,561 to CO²/a

Used PV energy 6 494 547 kWh

Solar energy fraction 46%

St. Eustatius II

FSC 2.0

Phase 1 Commissioned24.03.2016

Phase 2a Commissioned23.05.2017

GRID FORMING BATTERY INVERTERSDay operation without Diesel Generators (Diesel-Off-Mode)Full redundancy for generator operation (large UPS in Diesel-On-Mode)

SCS 2200, MVPS 2000Li-Ion Storage 2,6MWh, C0,5

SCS 2200, MVPS 2000Li-Ion Storage 2,6MWh, C0,5

Phase 2bCommissioning 15.11.2017

Voltage source

Frequency regulation

Spinning Reserve Provision

Synchronisation Diesel On-Mode

Diesel Off-Mode

TYPICAL LAYOUT OF A SOLAR DIESEL HYBRID SYSTEM


SMART HYBRID PLANT CONTROL

> Reverse Power ProtectionPrevents energy flow into the genset

> Minimum Genset LoadEnsures that the gensets‘ minimum load is not undercut.

> Reactive Power ControlControls reactive power of battery and inverters to reach a configurable power factor at the gensets

> Ramp ManagementAllows to configure the slope of the ramps that may occur during operation

> Feedin ProtectionPrevents from feeding too much energy into the grid. Also Zero Export can be realized with this function

> Inverter ManagementAutomatically disconnects solar inverters if share of solar inverter power to genset power gets too high


SMART BATTERY STORAGE OPERATION

11

Avoided start of 2nd genset

PV Ramp smoothing Energy Shifting: charge storage of curtailed PV power

Energy Shifting: discharge at end of day

Maximal PV under min. nominal genset load

Fuel Save Controller 2.0 – Christian Hoehle

FUEL SAVE CONTROLLER „DIESEL OFF MODE“DAYTIME WITHOUT DIESEL


PV on sunrise beginsreducing fuel consumption

Genset at minimum load. Battery begins to charge

Battery energy sufficient for some minutes ofgenset-off Automatic transition to genset-off

Solar output drops - batterycovers missing energy

Battery depleted Automatictransition to genset-on

FUEL SAVE CONTROLLER „DIESEL OFF MODE“COMPLEX FUNCTIONS MADE EASY

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Genset-OffGenset-On

Genset unloading Genset shutdown

Genset start Genset start preparation

> Automatic handling of transitions between genset-on and genset-off

> Smooth transitions without large power or frequency spikes

FUEL SAVE CONTROLLER „DIESEL OFF MODE“COMPLEX FUNCTIONS MADE EASY

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> Easy to operate

> Comprehensive information in overview and detail page

> Transparend display of system conditions that allow or prevent from switching off gensets

TWO STAGE CONTROL


> Superior Energy Flow Control by Communication

> High speed reaction to grid events via droop characteristics of solar and battery inverters

FREQUENCY RESPONSE ON CLOUDY DAYS

16

Phase 1: Active power and frequency on 11.04.2016

Phase 2: Active power and frequency on 14.04.2018

FREQUENCY STABILITY IN DIESEL OFF MODE

Frequency bandwith of 0,013Hz

06.06.2018 17

Recording on 31.10.2017 from 11.00 am to 12.05pm during step load tests

60.005 Hz

60.992 Hz

VOLTAGE STABILITY IN DIESEL OFF-MODEWITH 1MW STEP LOAD TESTS (50% LOAD SHEDDING)

06.06.2018 181.The regular load is around 2MW in St. Eustatius.

Recording on 31.10.2017 from 11.00 am to 12.05pm during step load tests

The voltage stays between 12.43kV and 12.37 kV Voltage Fluctuation of 0.4%

TEST: 3 PHASE SHORT CIRCUIT (30A) RESULT: CLEARANCE IN 120MS

19

Drop to 58.2 Hz for about 100ms (according to Droop-Settings at nominal power) recovered to 60Hz within 500ms.

OUTCOMES OF ADDING SOLAR + STORAGE

> Easy to operateOnce configured operates autonomously

> 1.7 Million Liter Diesel savings per year (46% of previous annual consumption)Payback in 6 to 10 years depending on oil price development

> Improved grid stability

> Improved resilience against component failureevery single component may fail without grid going to blackout (even system controller itself)

> Reduction of dependency on fuel costs

> Reduced diesel genset maintenance

> Silence!for those who want to know what I‘m talking about: https://youtu.be/yjymFY09jE0


https://youtu.be/yjymFY09jE0

ST. EUSTATIUS IN THE WEB

YouTube Long version https://youtu.be/xBM7Rdz5ajA

YouTube Short version: https://youtu.be/vP8ljKZnoO8

PM https://www.sma.de/en/newsroom/current-news/news-details/news/2876-system-solution-from-sma-provides-caribbean-island-with-100-solar-power-supply.html

Blog https://en.sma-sunny.com/en/st-eustatius-100-solar-power-in-the-caribbean/

06.06.2018 21

https://youtu.be/xBM7Rdz5ajA

https://youtu.be/vP8ljKZnoO8

https://www.sma.de/en/newsroom/current-news/news-details/news/2876-system-solution-from-sma-provides-caribbean-island-with-100-solar-power-supply.html

https://en.sma-sunny.com/en/st-eustatius-100-solar-power-in-the-caribbean/









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SMA LARGE SCALE STORAGE SOLUTIONProviding grid stability to large utility grids


ENERGY TRANSITION IN GERMANY

06.06.2018 24

Primärregelleistung

> Share of renewable energy risingTimes with 100% (and more) renewable energy compared to load become more frequent

> Renewables have to provide ancillary services to replace fossil and nuclear power plants

The business case large scale storage will be accelerated by the decentralization of the enrgy sector.

Business Case Large Scale Storage:Multi-Application Sample Plant in the UK

1. Grid services -Firm Frequency Response1 (FFR) to stabilize the grid

2. Arbitrage trading -Revenue streamdepending on low electricity prices2

3. Deferral -Providing capacity3

to avoid grid extension

4. Balancing -Providing capacityto shave extremepeaks (“Triads”)4 50 MW large scale Storage Plant, UK

1. Out of FFR, yearly revenues of 6 Mio GBP will be achieved at an availability of 92 %2. In 2017, energy spot market price variability in the UK varied between -100 GBP/MWh and 3000 GBP/MWh3. Capacity is generating revenues of > 1 Mio GBP, contracted for 15 years4. Triads: Covering three days of higher mismatch of load and generation in UK in winter provide yearly revenues of > 1 Mio GBP

ROI < 3 years

25

GRID FREQUENCY REGULATION PELHAM, UNITED KINGDOM

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SMA System Technology

• 26 SMA Sunny Central Storage 2475 withnoise reduction packages

• 26 Medium Voltage Block 2475• 7 Customized SMA E-houses• SMA Hybrid Controller• EMS

Plant information

• Installed battery power: 64 MVA• Installed battery storage: 50 MWh of Li-Ion NMC

batteries for frequency regulation• Batteries installed in customized containers• Connected at 132 kV

Project

• Location: Pelham, UK• Commissioning: November 2017

The main application of the project is the capacitymarket and frequency response services but alsofeatures other applications like Triadsmanagement and reactive power provision.

This project is the largest battery project in theEuropean Union in a single location till date.

The complete project timeline from contractsignature till commissioning was reached within5,5 months

Source: SMA project example

FUEL SAVE CONTROLLER (NEW NAME??)FOR GRID SERVICES

06.06.2018 27

Much fastercontrol

Much faster andmuch more accurate

measurement

Much fastercontrol

POWER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM - HW

06.06.2018 28

Integrated power meter in the controller assures fast response time to grid events

MX220

Highly Accurate Power MeterF 0.001 HzP 0.5%

CPU50 - 100 msec

SYSTEM OVERVIEW

06.06.2018 29

The inverter and local plant level controller represents a compatible power management system.

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GRID FREQUENCY REGULATION PELHAM, UNITED KINGDOM

30


Source: SMA project example

250 ms from measurement till 50 MW are fed into the grid

POWER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM – POWER CONTROL

Set-point selection:The power controller receives an input set-point generated based on the operation mode.

The source of the set-point can be selected of the following:1. External set-point via

a. Communication Interface

b. Set-point of a time profile 2. P(f) i.e. EFR / FFR3. Combination of 1 & 2

06.06.2018 31

SocCtrl

P(f)-EFR / FFR

External Power Setpoint

Select/ Combine

Power Control

SCS SetpointSoc

f

Mode

P

f

f1 f2 f3 f4 f5 f6

P1

P2

P3

P4

P5

P6

SocHi

SocLo

EFR/FFR – will be implemented on the controller and can be configured by the customer.

Time-Profile will be a pair of P & t saved on the controller and can be defined by the customer and activated as needed. Use case is trading at predefined times.

time

MW

POWER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM – DISPATCHING

The PMS control the power on plant level and then generates individual set-point for each inverter. This function is called the dispatching

06.06.2018 32

Illustration Symmetry Controller – All parameters can be configured by the customer

Control DispatchP*, Q*P*, Q*

1

1..n

1

P*, Q*

1% Pnom

-1% Pnom

Δ SOC / ØSOC

Δ P

2%-2%

The power will be distributed according to the following variables- SoC of each battery block. A symmetry controller adjust the power to each inverter depending on the SoC of each battery.

E.g. Batteries with more SoC than the remaining blocks in the plant will be subject to more discharge than the other blocks.

- Available power at each block depending on derating factors (tempr. Number of racks, ..etc).

- Rated power of each block in case of asymmetric plant design (e.g. different inverter rating)

𝑆𝑜𝐶𝑛 ∆𝑃𝑛

POWER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM – REACTIVE POWER

The following modes are amiable for reactive power provision

1. External Set point

2. Q(U) – Voltage dependent reactive power

3. 1 + 2 can be combined

In case of conflicting against the active power due to reaching inverter capacity, the customer can parametrize which one has priority, P or Q.

The reactive power will be dispatched in a similar way like the active power under consideration the available power rating of each inverter.

The P&Q will be sent in a way to keep similar power factor across all inverter to increase the efficiency. If this can not be achieved due to sudden –normally short term- limitation, the controller will re-dispatch to achieve the required set-point.

06.06.2018 33

Q(U)

External Power Setpoint

Select/ Combine

Power Control

SCS Setpoint

U

Mode

OUTCOMES OF ADDING SOLAR + STORAGE

> Extremely fastFrom measurement to response tuned in to 1% accuracy in only 250ms

> Low installed power replaces high amounts of fossil must-run capacity50 MW battery storage power replaces primary control reserve of 1.6GW fossil capacity










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REQUIREMENTS FOR GRID STABILITY WITH 100% PV

> Primary control reserve has to be covered by renewables

> Inertia has to be covered by renewables

> Fault handling has to be covered by renewables

> There have to be defined requirements for DERs


CONTINOUS FREQUENCY SENSITIVE MODE

New Control Scheme for PV-Inverters:

> Curtailment relative to MPP

> Dynamic Response to over- and underfrequency

> Minimization of curtailment losses compared to fixed curtailment

> Implemented in selected Inverter Types (Field Tests ongoing)

37

New degree of freedom in inverter controls, though curtailment is not permanantly desired

scaledPrimary Reserve Droop

100ms-samples

1s-samples

PRINCIPLE CONTROL SCHEME OF PV-INVERTERS

Current control:

> Measurement of Grid Voltage

> Generation of a Reference Signal, e.g.using a PLL

> Setpoint for current controller accordingto static control functions, e.g.

> Local Static Voltage Support via control of P and / or Q

> Frequency support

> External P and Q-setpoints

> Desired Standard Operating Point is thepoint of maximum power (MPP), givenby irradiation

38

State-of-the-art PV Systems usually work in current control mode

Dynamic functions

Static functions

fact, Pact

Qset

Vact

Pact

PFset

Pmax

Q(V)

P(f)

PF(P)

P(V)Vact

DGS

Current

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&

Feed-in

Vact

Q-Mod

min

Qfix

PFfix

Pmax

Pprim

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PROVIDING INERTIAWITH VOLTAGE CONTROL MODE INVERTERS

Grid-parallel operation of single-phase Grid-forming inverters

> Control of AC-Voltage Amplitude, Frequency and Phase Angle

> Setpoint for Frequency of AC-Voltage f0 via

> Current- and Active Power setpoints

> Utilization of droops (f(P), U(Q))

AC power response to frequency steps (Laboratory Measurements)

39

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Voltage Control Mode Inverter

Current Control Mode Inverter

with P(f)

Applied AC Frequency bySynthetic AC Soruce

Voltage Control Mode Battery Inverters provide instantanous additional Power in case of Frequency transients

Only Synchr. Machines

High share of current controlled DER without P(f)

BENEFIT OF VOLTAGE CONTROLLED INVERTERS IN POWER SYSTEMS

GSynch. Generator*Pr = 204 MW

110 kV Overhead Lines

Transformersuk = 16%Sn = 255 MVA

10

km

20

km

30

km

t = 1 s Constant LoadP = 420 MWQ = -20 Mvar

Switchable LoadP = 60 MWQ = 0 Mvar

*) IEEE Type 1 Speed-Governing ModelIEEE AC1A Excitation System

VCIs can provide “electrical inertia” to stabilize the frequency and gain time to activate primary control reserve.

With VCIs and CCIs with fast P(f)

~=

~=

~=

~=

150 MW CCI + 50 MVA VCI

High share of CCI-DER with fast P(f)

Taken from: Laudahn et. al: Substitution of Synchronous Generator Based Instantaneous Frequency Control Utilizing Inverter coupled DER, IEEE PEDG2016









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Industrial PLC

Hybrid Testbench

ENTWICKLUNG FSC-20

42

Matlab Development Model

FSC-20Control Model

Environment Model

ControlGUI

Logging IO

Environment Sim (Raspberry)

Environment Model

Communication

Communication

Code Generation

Industrial PLC

ControlGUI

Logging IO

Communication

Real Hardware

Solar Inverter

BatteryInverter

Genset

Measurement

Sky Imager …

SMA HYBRID TESTBENCH

06.06.2018 43

SOCIAL MEDIAwww.SMA.de/Newsroom

06.06.2018 44

Parts of his Presentation are based on results ofthe Project „PV-Regel“, funded by theGerman Ministry of Economic Affairs(FKZ 0325694A)

Thanks for your attention!

Documents

VON SOLAR-DIESEL-HYBRIDSYSTEMEN ZU …€¦ · Plant information • Installed PV power: 4.15 MWp • Installed Storage capacity:5.9 MWh • Diesel capacity: 4 MVA • Annual energy