Vitamin A blok 19.pptx

7/25/2019 Vitamin A blok 19.pptx

1/17

Vitamin

Vital = mutlak ada

Amin = ada gugus NH3


2/17

Di bagi 2

Larut dalam lemak A,D, E dan K

Larut dalam air C

Golongan vitamin

!rovitamin A "beta#$aroten%


3/17

&asala' (ada mas)arakat *De+siensi = kekurangan

vitamin A


4/17

Vitamin A

Vitamin A 'as multi(le un$tions, it is im(ortant orgro-t' and develo(ment, or t'e maintenan$e ot'e immune s)stem and good vision.

Vitamin A is needed b) t'e retinao t'e e)e in t'eorm o retinal, -'i$' $ombines -it' (rotein o(sinto orm r'odo(sint'e lig't#absorbing mole$ule$olor vision./01

Vitamin A also un$tions in a ver) dierent role as

an irreversibl) oidi4ed orm o retinolkno-n asretinoi$ a$id, -'i$' is an im(ortant 'ormone#likegro-t' a$toror e(it'elialand ot'er $ells./51
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodopsinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_visionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_A#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinoic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_factorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epithelialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_A#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_A#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epithelialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_factorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinoic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_A#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_visionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodopsinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retina


5/17

!ada 6etina* retinal retinol

o(sin

6etinal 6'odo(sin retinoi$ a$id* bentuk lain vitamin A

(ada embriologi dan (emeli'aran(ertumbu'an
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinoic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinoic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinoic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinoic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinoic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinoic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinoic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinal


6/17

Vision

Gene trans$ri(tion

7mmune un$tion

Embr)oni$ develo(ment and re(rodu$tion

one metabolism

Haemato(oiesis

8kin and $ellular 'ealt' Antioidant a$tivit)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haematopoiesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haematopoiesis


7/17

De+siensi vitamin A

Rabun senja : Nictalopia

Bitot's spots

Xerophthalmi


8/17

8umber vitamin A

$od liver oil"39999 :g%

liver

$arrot";35 :g ;@ :g ?>%

s(ina$'"0>< :g 52%

egg"@09 :g @>%

(a(a)a"55 :g >%

mango"3; :g 0%

(ea"3; :g 0%

bro$$oli"3@ :g 3%

milk"2; :g 3%

tomatoes

Liver
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cod_liver_oilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_(food)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broccolihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinachhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_(food)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papayahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broccolihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomatoeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomatoeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broccolihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papayahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_(food)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinachhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broccolihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_(food)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cod_liver_oil


9/17

Eye Anatomy - The Retina

'e e)eBs retinais t'e inside ba$k sura$eand is oten $om(ared to $amera +lm -it'good reason. 7t is densel) +lled -it' lig't#

sensitive $ells t'at re$eive images broug'tin b) lig't ra)s. 'e $ells are o t-o t)(es*

8i to seven million cones -'i$' (rovide$olor (er$e(tion and s'ar( vision in brig't

lig't ?5 to @59 million rods -'i$' (rovide

vision in dim lig't


10/17

DeciencyVitamin A de+$ien$)

!revalen$e o vitamin A de+$ien$). 8our$e*HF

Vitamin A de+$ien$) is $ommon in develo(ing$ountries but rarel) seen in develo(ed

$ountries. A((roimatel) 259,999 to 599,999malnouris'ed $'ildren in t'e develo(ing -orldgo blind ea$' )ear rom a de+$ien$) o vitaminA.

Nig't blindnessis one o t'e +rst signs ovitamin A de+$ien$). Vitamin A de+$ien$)$ontributes to blindness b) making t'e $orneaver) dr) and damaging t'e retinaand $ornea.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_A_deficiencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_blindnesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corneahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corneahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_blindnesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_A_deficiency


11/17

The !ayer o" Rods and #ones

6ods and $ones are ('otore$e(tors. 'e stru$tureand un$tion o ('otore$e(tors are des$ribedlater. 'e lig't#sensitive (ortions o t'ese('otore$e(tors are $ontained in t'e layer of rodsand cones. 7n most regions o t'e retina, t'e rodsoutnumber t'e $ones "t'ere are a((roimatel)@99 million rods and 5 million $ones in t'e 'uman

retina%. Fne e$e(tion to t'is rule is t'e region ogreatest visual a$uit), t'e ovea "a de(ression int'e $enter o t'e ma$ula%.


12/17

Retinolis one o t'e animal orms o vitamin A. 7t is a diter(enoidand an al$o'ol. 7t is $onvertibleto ot'er orms o vitamin A, and t'e retin)l esterderivative o t'e al$o'ol serves as t'e storageorm o t'e vitamin in animals.

'en $onverted to t'e retinal"retinalde')de% orm, vitamin A is essential or vision,and -'en$onverted to retinoi$ a$idis essential or skin 'ealt', teet'reminerali4ation and bonegro-t'.'ese $'emi$al $om(ounds are $olle$tivel) kno-n as retinoids, and (ossess t'e stru$tural moti oall#transretinol as a $ommon eature in t'eir stru$ture. 8tru$turall), all retinoids also (ossess a#iononering and a (ol)unsaturatedside $'ain, -it' eit'er an al$o'ol, alde')de,a $arbo)li$ a$idgrou( or an ester grou(. 'e side $'ain is $om(osed o our iso(renoidunits, -it' a series o$onugated double bonds -'i$' ma) eist in trans# or cis#$on+guration. /@1

6etinol is (rodu$ed in t'e bod) rom t'e ')drol)sis o retin)l esters, and rom t'e redu$tion oretinal. 6etinol in turn is ingested in a (re$ursor orm animal sour$es "liver and eggs% $ontainretin)l esters, -'ereas (lants"$arrots, s(ina$'% $ontain (ro#vitamin A $arotenoids"t'ese ma) alsobe $onsidered sim(l) vitamin A%. H)drol)siso retin)l esters results in retinol, -'ile (ro#vitamin A$arotenoids $an be $leaved to (rodu$e retinalb) $arotene dio)genase in t'e intestinal mu$osa.6etinal, also kno-n as retinalde')de, $an be reversibl) redu$ed to (rodu$e retinol or it $an be

irreversiblyoidi4ed to (rodu$e retinoi$ a$id, -'i$' t'en $annot un$tion as t'e vitamin in t'e e)e. Commer$ial (rodu$tion o retinol t)(i$all) reIuires retinal s)nt'esis t'roug' redu$tion o a

(entadiene derivative and subseIuent a$idi+$ationJ')drol)sis o t'e resulting isomer to (rodu$eretinol. !ure retinol is etremel) sensitive to oidi4ation and is (re(ared and trans(orted at lo-tem(eratures and o)gen ree atmos('eres. 'en (re(ared as a dietar) su((lement, retinol isstabili4ed as t'e esterderivatives retin)la$etateor retin)l(almitate./21
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_Ahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diterpenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diterpenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinoic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teethhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinoidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92-iononehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturation_(chemistry)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldehydehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboxylic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboxylic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoprenoidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol#cite_note-Gropper-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precursor_formhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_(food)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinachhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carotenoidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrolysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinyl_acetatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinyl_acetatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinyl_palmitatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinyl_palmitatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinyl_palmitatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinyl_palmitatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinyl_palmitatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinyl_acetatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinyl_acetatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrolysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carotenoidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinachhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_(food)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precursor_formhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol#cite_note-Gropper-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoprenoidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboxylic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldehydehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturation_(chemistry)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92-iononehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinoidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teethhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinoic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diterpenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_A


13/17

Bitot's $pot in Vitamin A Deciency

Xerophthalmia"iJ4MrOPQlmiRMJ Greekor dry eyes,rom = STUW, dr) X YZP[\:W, e)e% is amedi$al $ondition in -'i$' t'e e)eails to (rodu$e tears

. 7t ma) be $aused b) a de+$ien$) in vitamin Aand issometimes used to des$ribe t'at la$k, alt'oug' t'erema) be ot'er $auses.

]ero('t'almia $aused b) a severe vitamin A de+$ien$)is des$ribed b) (at'ologi$ dr)ness o t'e $onun$tiva

and $ornea. 'e $onun$tivabe$omes dr), t'i$k and-rinkled. 7 untreated, it $an lead to $orneal ul$erationand ultimatel) to blindnessas a result o $ornealdamage.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:En-uk-Xerophthalmia.ogghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_Englishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_Englishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_eyehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tearshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_Ahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunctivahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corneal_ulcerationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blindnesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blindnesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corneal_ulcerationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunctivahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_Ahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tearshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_eyehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_Englishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_Englishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:En-uk-Xerophthalmia.ogg


14/17

Nyctalopia"rom Greek^_`#, nykt-nig't [\[W, alaosblind, notseeing, and c, opse)e% also $alled Nig't lindness is a $onditionmaking it di$ult or im(ossible to see in relativel) lo- lig't. 7t is as)m(tom o several e)e diseases. Nig't blindness ma) eist rom birt',or be $aused b) inur)or malnutrition "or eam(le, a la$k o vitamin A%.7t $an be des$ribed as insu$ient ada(tationto darkness.

'e most $ommon $ause o n)$talo(ia is retinitis (igmentosa, adisorder in -'i$' t'e rod $ellsin t'e retinagraduall) lose t'eir abilit) tores(ond to t'e lig't. !atients suering rom t'is geneti$ $ondition 'ave(rogressive n)$talo(ia and eventuall) t'eir da)time vision ma) also beae$ted. 7n ]#linked $ongenital stationar) nig't blindness , rom birt't'e rods eit'er do not -ork at all, or -ork ver) little, but t'e $onditiondoesnft get -orse. Anot'er $ause o nig't blindness is a de+$ien$) oretinol, or vitamin A, ound in +s' oils, liver and dair) (rodu$ts.

'e o((osite (roblem, t'e inabilit) to see in brig't lig't, is kno-n ashemeralopiaand is mu$' rarer.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_Ahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptation_(eye)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinitis_pigmentosahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinitis_pigmentosahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod_cellshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-linked_congenital_stationary_night_blindnesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemeralopiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemeralopiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-linked_congenital_stationary_night_blindnesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod_cellshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinitis_pigmentosahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinitis_pigmentosahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptation_(eye)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_Ahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_language


15/17

During t'e absor(tion (ro$ess in t'e intestines, retinol isin$or(orated into $')lomi$ronsas t'e ester orm, and it ist'ese (arti$les t'at mediate trans(ort to t'e liver. Liver $ells "'e(ato$)tes% store vitamin A as t'e ester, and -'en retinol isneeded in ot'er tissues, it is de#esteried and released into t'e

blood as t'e al$o'ol. 6etinol t'en atta$'es to a serum $arrier,retinol binding (rotein, or trans(ort to target tissues. A binding(rotein inside $ells, $ellular retinoi$ a$id binding (rotein,serves to store and move retinoi$ a$id intra$ellularl).Carotenoid bioavailabilit)ranges bet-een @J5 to @J@9 o

retinolfs. Carotenoids are better absorbed -'en ingested as(art o a att) meal. Also, t'e $arotenoids in vegetables,es(e$iall) t'ose -it' toug' $ell -alls "e.g. $arrots%, are betterabsorbed -'en t'ese $ell -alls are broken u( b) $ooking ormin$ing.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intestinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chylomicronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatocytehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol_binding_proteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cellular_retinoic_acid_binding_protein&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intracellularhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioavailabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioavailabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intracellularhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cellular_retinoic_acid_binding_protein&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol_binding_proteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatocytehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chylomicronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intestine


16/17

Biosynthesis o" retinol

6etinol is s)nt'esi4ed rom t'e breakdo-n o #$arotene.

irst t'e #$arotene @5#@5B#monoo)genase $leaves #$arotene at t'e $entral double bond, $reating an e(oide.

'is e(oide is t'en atta$ked b) -ater $reating t-o

')dro)l grou(s in t'e $enter o t'e stru$ture. 'e $leavage o$$urs -'en t'ese al$o'ols are redu$ed to

t'e alde')des using NADH.

'is $om(ound is $alled retinal. 6etinal is t'en redu$edto retinol b) t'e en4)me retinol de')drogenase. 6etinol

de')drogenase is an en4)me t'at is de(endent on NADH./>1
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92-carotenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92-carotene


17/17

hian blok

!eranan vitamin A (ada (engli'atan

8umber vitmin A )ang mura'

#

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Vitamin A blok 19.pptx