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695 Attached to Units other than Medical Units.-To be Captains: P. G. Williamson (late Captain, The Prince of Wales’s Own .(West Yorkshire Regiment)) and Lieutenants C. C. Ling, J. de V. Mather, and F. A. Pring. DEATHS IN THE SERVICES. Colonel Richard Patrick Ferguson, late R.A.M.C., recently at Southsea, at the age of 76. He joined the Medical Service in 1862, and served with the Bhootan Expedition of 1864-5 .(medal with clasp) and in the Afghan War of 1878-9, and the Egyptian Expedition of 1882 (medals and Egyptian Expedi- I tion bronze star). He retired in 1899. VITAL STATISTICS. HEALTH OF ENGLISH TOWNS. IN the 96 English and Welsh towns with populations exceeding 50,000 persons at the last Census, 8263 births .and 6215 deaths were registered during the week ended ’, Saturday, March 18th. The annual rate of mortality in .these towns, which had been 15-7, 17-8, and 17-2 per 1000 in the three preceding weeks, rose in the week under notice to 17’9 per 1000 of their aggregate population, estimated at 18,135,180 persons at the middle of the year 1914. During the first 11 weeks of the current quarter the mean annual death-rate in these towns averaged 15’5, or 0’5 per 1000 above that recorded in London. The annual death-rate last week ranged from 6-2 in Southend-on-Sea, 6’3 in llford, 7’5 in Eastbourne, 8’1 in Edmonton, and 8’4 in ,Gillingham, to 24 1 in Dudley, 24’5 in Wolverhampton, 24-7 in Southport. 26’1 in Liverpool, and 31’3 in Bootle. The 6215 deaths from all causes were 244 in excess of the number in the previous week, and included 378 which were referred to the principal epidemic diseases, against 409 and 345 in the two preceding weeks. Of these 378 deaths, 127 resulted from measles, 93 from whooping-cough, 68 from infantile diarrhoea) diseases, 61 from diphtheria. 19 from scarlet fever, and 10 from enteric fever, but not one from small-pox. The annual death-rate from these diseases was equal to 1’1, against 1-0 per 1000 in the previous week. The deaths attributed to measles, which had increased from 62 to 124 in the six preceding weeks, further rose to 127, and caused the highest annual death-rates of 2-1 in Swansea, 2-5 in Stockport, 3-4 in Leicester, 4-4 in Southport, and 5’0 in Rochdale. The deaths referred to whooping- cough, which had declined from 133 to 85 in the four preceding weeks, rose to 93, and included 34 in London, 7 each in Birmingham and Liverpool, 6 in Sheffield, and 4 in Manchester. The fatal cases of infantile diarrhoea and enteritis, which had been 57, 65, and 60 in the three pre- - ceding weeks, rose to 68; 20 deaths were registered in London, 4 in Manchester, and 3 each in Birmingham, Salford, and Leeds. The deaths attributed to diphtheria, which had been 56, 82, and 54 in the three preceding weeks, rose to 61, and included 13 in London, 5 in Birmingham, 4 in St. Helens, and 3 each in East Ham, Portsmouth, Manchester, and Stoke-on-Trent. ’The deaths referred to scarlet fever, which had been 14, 17, and 13 in the three preceding weeks, rose to 19; 5 deaths were recorded in London, 3 in Middlesbrough, and 2 in Liverpool. The 10 fatal cases of enteric fever, of which 3 occurred in London, were 1 in excess of the average in the earlier weeks of the quarter. The number of scarlet fever patients under treatment in the Metropolitan Asylums Hospitals and the London Fever Hospital, which had declined from 2257 to 1908 in the eight preceding weeks, further fell to 1839 on Saturday last; 193 new cases were admitted during the week, against 194, 234, and 216 in the three preceding weeks. These hospitals also contained on Saturday last 1478 cases of diphtheria., 209 of whooping-cough, 118 of measles, and 54 of enteric fever, but not one of small-pox. The 1604 deaths from all causes in London were 137 in excess of the number in the previous week, and corresponded to an annual death- rate of 18-5 per 1000. The deaths referred to diseases of the respiratory system, which had been 284, 373, and 344 in the three preceding weeks, rose to 405 in the week under notice, but were 73 below the number registered in the ’corresponding week of last year. Of the 6215 deaths from all causes in the 96 towns, 171 resulted from violence and 454 were the subject of coroners’ inquests, while 1878 occurred in public institutions. The causes of 68, or 1-1 per cent., of the total deaths were not ’certified either by a registered medical practitioner or by a coroner after inquest. All the causes of death were duly certified in Sheffield, Leeds, Bristol, West Ham, Bradford, Hull, and in 73 other smaller towns. Of the 68 uncertified - causes, 21 were registered in Birmingham, 19 in Liverpool, 5 in Manchester, and 3 each in St. Helens and Rochdale. HEALTH OF SCOTCH TOWNS. In the 16 largest Scotch townb with an aggregate popula- tion estimated at 2,364,500 persons at the middle of this year, 1139 births and 938 deaths were registered during the week ended Saturday, March 18th.. The annual rate of mortality in these towns, which had increased from 15’5 to 18-7 per 1000 in the four preceding weeks, further rose to 20’7 per 1000 in the week under notice. During the first 11 weeks of the current quarter the mean annual death-rate in these towns averaged 16’1, against a corresponding rate of 15’5 per 1000 in the large English towns. The death-rate last week ranged from 6’2 in Motherwell, 10-2 in Kirkoaldy, and 12-6 in Clydebank, to 25-5 in Greenock, 31-9 in Paisley, and 32-7 in Ayr. The 938 deaths from all causes were 92 in excess of the number in the previous week, and included 89 which were referred to the principal epidemic diseases, against 56 and 64 in the two preceding weeks. Of these 89 deaths, 42 resulted from measles, 16 from diphtheria, 12 from scarlet fever, 11 from infantile diarrhoeal diseases, and 8 from whooping- cough, but not one from enteric fever or from small-pox. The annual death-rate from these diseases was equal to 2-0, or 0-9 per 1000 above that recorded in the large English towns. The deaths attributed to measles, which had been 28, 23, and 31 in the three preceding weeks, rose to 42, and included 21 in Glasgow, 6 in Kilmarnock, and 4 each in Edin- burgh and Greenock. The deaths referred to diphtheria, which had been 8, 10, and 7 in the three preceding weeks, rose to 16, of which 6 were registered in Glasgow, 5 in Edinburgh, and 3 in Paisley. The fatal cases of scarlet fever, which had been 15, 9, and 6 in the three preceding weeks, rose to 12, and included 8 in Glasgow and 2 in Paisley. The deaths of infants (under 2 years) from diarrhoea and enteritis, which had been 8 in each of the three preceding weeks, rose to 11; 6 deaths occurred in Glasgow and 2 in Paisley. The 8 fatal cases of whooping- cough, of which 3 were recorded in Glasgow, were 4 in excess of the average in the earlier weeks of the quarter. The deaths referred to diseases of the respiratory system, which had increased from 88 to 169 in the four preceding weeks, further rose to 195 in the week under notice, and were 7 above the number registered in the corresponding week of last year. The deaths from violence numbered 26, against 21 and 29 in the two preceding weeks. HEALTH OF IRISH TOWNS. In the 19 town districts of Ireland with populations exceeding 10,000 persons at the last Census, 498 births and 470 deaths were registered during the week ended Saturday, March 18th. The annual rate of mortality in these towns, which had been 18-0, 21-5, and 24-5 per 1000 in the three preceding weeks, fell in the week under notice to 21-3 per 1000 of their aggregate population, estimated at 1,148,468 persons at the middle of last year. During the first 11 weeks of the current quarter the mean annual death-rate in these towns averaged 19-7, against corresponding rates of 15-5 and 16-1 per 1000 in the English and Scotch towns respectively. The death-rate during the week was equal to 23-3 in Dublin (against 18-5 in London and 21-4 in Glasgow), 20-8 in Belfast, 25-8 in Cork, 19-0 in Londonderry, 23-0 in Limerick, and 20-9 in Waterford, while in the 13 smaller towns the mean rate was 15-4 per 1000. The 470 deaths from all causes were 70 fewer than the number in the previous week, and included 38 which were referred to the principal epidemic diseases, against numbers increasing from 29 to 51 in the three preceding weeks. Of these 38 deaths, 16 resulted from measles, 10 from infantile diarrhoeal diseases, 8 from whooping-cough, 2 from scarlet fever, and 1 each from enteric fever and diphtheria, but not one from small-pox. The annual death-rate from these diseases was equal to 1-7, against corresponding rates of 1-1 and 2-0 per 1000 in the English and Scotch towns respectively. The deaths attributed to measles, which had been 9, 12, and 18 in the three pre- ceding weeks, fell to 16, and included 11 in Belfast, and 2 each in Dublin and Newry. The deaths of infants (under 2 years) from diarrhoea and enteritis, which had increased from 5 to 13 in the four preceding weeks, fell to 10, of which 4 occurred in Dublin and 2 in Belfast. The fatal cases of whooping-cough, which had been 7, 11, and 10 in the three preceding weeks, fell to 8, and comprised 4 in Belfast, 3 in Dublin, and 1 in Limerick. The deaths from scarlet fever were registered in Belfast and Londonderry, that from enteric fever in Dublin, and that from diphtheria in Belfast. The deaths referred to diseases of the respiratory system, which had increased from 68 to 124 in the four preceding weeks, fell to 117 in the week under notice, and were 34 below the number registered iu the corresponding week of last year. Of the 470 deaths from all causes, 152, or 32 per cent., occurred in public institutions, and 4 resulted from violence. The causes of 17, or 3-6 per cent., of the total deaths were not certified either by a registered medical practitioner or by a coroner after inquest, and included 5 in Dublin, 4 in Belfast, and 3 in Limerick ; in the large English towns the proportion of uncertified causes lid not exceed 1-1 per cent.

VITAL STATISTICS

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Page 1: VITAL STATISTICS

695

Attached to Units other than Medical Units.-To be Captains:P. G. Williamson (late Captain, The Prince of Wales’s Own.(West Yorkshire Regiment)) and Lieutenants C. C. Ling,J. de V. Mather, and F. A. Pring.

DEATHS IN THE SERVICES.

Colonel Richard Patrick Ferguson, late R.A.M.C., recentlyat Southsea, at the age of 76. He joined the Medical Servicein 1862, and served with the Bhootan Expedition of 1864-5.(medal with clasp) and in the Afghan War of 1878-9, and theEgyptian Expedition of 1882 (medals and Egyptian Expedi- Ition bronze star). He retired in 1899.

VITAL STATISTICS.

HEALTH OF ENGLISH TOWNS.

IN the 96 English and Welsh towns with populationsexceeding 50,000 persons at the last Census, 8263 births.and 6215 deaths were registered during the week ended ’,Saturday, March 18th. The annual rate of mortality in.these towns, which had been 15-7, 17-8, and 17-2 per 1000 inthe three preceding weeks, rose in the week under noticeto 17’9 per 1000 of their aggregate population, estimated at18,135,180 persons at the middle of the year 1914. Duringthe first 11 weeks of the current quarter the mean annualdeath-rate in these towns averaged 15’5, or 0’5 per 1000above that recorded in London. The annual death-ratelast week ranged from 6-2 in Southend-on-Sea, 6’3 inllford, 7’5 in Eastbourne, 8’1 in Edmonton, and 8’4 in,Gillingham, to 24 1 in Dudley, 24’5 in Wolverhampton, 24-7in Southport. 26’1 in Liverpool, and 31’3 in Bootle.The 6215 deaths from all causes were 244 in excess of the

number in the previous week, and included 378 which werereferred to the principal epidemic diseases, against 409and 345 in the two preceding weeks. Of these 378 deaths,127 resulted from measles, 93 from whooping-cough, 68from infantile diarrhoea) diseases, 61 from diphtheria. 19from scarlet fever, and 10 from enteric fever, but not onefrom small-pox. The annual death-rate from these diseaseswas equal to 1’1, against 1-0 per 1000 in the previous week.The deaths attributed to measles, which had increasedfrom 62 to 124 in the six preceding weeks, further rose

to 127, and caused the highest annual death-rates of 2-1 inSwansea, 2-5 in Stockport, 3-4 in Leicester, 4-4 in Southport,and 5’0 in Rochdale. The deaths referred to whooping-cough, which had declined from 133 to 85 in the fourpreceding weeks, rose to 93, and included 34 in London, 7each in Birmingham and Liverpool, 6 in Sheffield, and 4 inManchester. The fatal cases of infantile diarrhoea andenteritis, which had been 57, 65, and 60 in the three pre-- ceding weeks, rose to 68; 20 deaths were registered inLondon, 4 in Manchester, and 3 each in Birmingham,Salford, and Leeds. The deaths attributed to diphtheria,which had been 56, 82, and 54 in the three precedingweeks, rose to 61, and included 13 in London, 5in Birmingham, 4 in St. Helens, and 3 each in EastHam, Portsmouth, Manchester, and Stoke-on-Trent.’The deaths referred to scarlet fever, which had been 14,17, and 13 in the three preceding weeks, rose to 19; 5deaths were recorded in London, 3 in Middlesbrough, and2 in Liverpool. The 10 fatal cases of enteric fever, ofwhich 3 occurred in London, were 1 in excess of the averagein the earlier weeks of the quarter.The number of scarlet fever patients under treatment in

the Metropolitan Asylums Hospitals and the London FeverHospital, which had declined from 2257 to 1908 in the eightpreceding weeks, further fell to 1839 on Saturday last;193 new cases were admitted during the week, against194, 234, and 216 in the three preceding weeks. Thesehospitals also contained on Saturday last 1478 cases ofdiphtheria., 209 of whooping-cough, 118 of measles, and 54 ofenteric fever, but not one of small-pox. The 1604 deathsfrom all causes in London were 137 in excess of the numberin the previous week, and corresponded to an annual death-rate of 18-5 per 1000. The deaths referred to diseases ofthe respiratory system, which had been 284, 373, and 344in the three preceding weeks, rose to 405 in the week undernotice, but were 73 below the number registered in the’corresponding week of last year.

Of the 6215 deaths from all causes in the 96 towns, 171resulted from violence and 454 were the subject of coroners’inquests, while 1878 occurred in public institutions. Thecauses of 68, or 1-1 per cent., of the total deaths were not’certified either by a registered medical practitioner or by acoroner after inquest. All the causes of death were dulycertified in Sheffield, Leeds, Bristol, West Ham, Bradford,Hull, and in 73 other smaller towns. Of the 68 uncertified- causes, 21 were registered in Birmingham, 19 in Liverpool,5 in Manchester, and 3 each in St. Helens and Rochdale.

HEALTH OF SCOTCH TOWNS.

In the 16 largest Scotch townb with an aggregate popula-tion estimated at 2,364,500 persons at the middle of this year,

1139 births and 938 deaths were registered during the weekended Saturday, March 18th.. The annual rate of mortalityin these towns, which had increased from 15’5 to 18-7 per1000 in the four preceding weeks, further rose to 20’7 per1000 in the week under notice. During the first 11 weeksof the current quarter the mean annual death-rate in thesetowns averaged 16’1, against a corresponding rate of 15’5per 1000 in the large English towns. The death-rate lastweek ranged from 6’2 in Motherwell, 10-2 in Kirkoaldy,and 12-6 in Clydebank, to 25-5 in Greenock, 31-9 in Paisley,and 32-7 in Ayr.The 938 deaths from all causes were 92 in excess of the

number in the previous week, and included 89 which werereferred to the principal epidemic diseases, against 56 and 64in the two preceding weeks. Of these 89 deaths, 42 resultedfrom measles, 16 from diphtheria, 12 from scarlet fever,11 from infantile diarrhoeal diseases, and 8 from whooping-cough, but not one from enteric fever or from small-pox.The annual death-rate from these diseases was equal to2-0, or 0-9 per 1000 above that recorded in the large Englishtowns. The deaths attributed to measles, which had been28, 23, and 31 in the three preceding weeks, rose to 42, andincluded 21 in Glasgow, 6 in Kilmarnock, and 4 each in Edin-burgh and Greenock. The deaths referred to diphtheria,which had been 8, 10, and 7 in the three preceding weeks,rose to 16, of which 6 were registered in Glasgow, 5 inEdinburgh, and 3 in Paisley. The fatal cases of scarletfever, which had been 15, 9, and 6 in the three precedingweeks, rose to 12, and included 8 in Glasgow and 2 inPaisley. The deaths of infants (under 2 years) fromdiarrhoea and enteritis, which had been 8 in each of thethree preceding weeks, rose to 11; 6 deaths occurred inGlasgow and 2 in Paisley. The 8 fatal cases of whooping-cough, of which 3 were recorded in Glasgow, were 4 inexcess of the average in the earlier weeks of the quarter.The deaths referred to diseases of the respiratory system,

which had increased from 88 to 169 in the four precedingweeks, further rose to 195 in the week under notice, and were7 above the number registered in the corresponding weekof last year. The deaths from violence numbered 26,against 21 and 29 in the two preceding weeks.

HEALTH OF IRISH TOWNS.

In the 19 town districts of Ireland with populationsexceeding 10,000 persons at the last Census, 498 births and470 deaths were registered during the week ended Saturday,March 18th. The annual rate of mortality in these towns,which had been 18-0, 21-5, and 24-5 per 1000 in the threepreceding weeks, fell in the week under notice to 21-3 per1000 of their aggregate population, estimated at 1,148,468persons at the middle of last year. During the first 11weeks of the current quarter the mean annual death-ratein these towns averaged 19-7, against corresponding ratesof 15-5 and 16-1 per 1000 in the English and Scotchtowns respectively. The death-rate during the weekwas equal to 23-3 in Dublin (against 18-5 in London and21-4 in Glasgow), 20-8 in Belfast, 25-8 in Cork, 19-0 inLondonderry, 23-0 in Limerick, and 20-9 in Waterford,while in the 13 smaller towns the mean rate was 15-4per 1000.The 470 deaths from all causes were 70 fewer than the

number in the previous week, and included 38 which werereferred to the principal epidemic diseases, against numbersincreasing from 29 to 51 in the three preceding weeks.Of these 38 deaths, 16 resulted from measles, 10 frominfantile diarrhoeal diseases, 8 from whooping-cough,2 from scarlet fever, and 1 each from enteric fever anddiphtheria, but not one from small-pox. The annualdeath-rate from these diseases was equal to 1-7, againstcorresponding rates of 1-1 and 2-0 per 1000 in the Englishand Scotch towns respectively. The deaths attributed tomeasles, which had been 9, 12, and 18 in the three pre-ceding weeks, fell to 16, and included 11 in Belfast, and 2each in Dublin and Newry. The deaths of infants (under2 years) from diarrhoea and enteritis, which had increasedfrom 5 to 13 in the four preceding weeks, fell to 10, ofwhich 4 occurred in Dublin and 2 in Belfast. The fatalcases of whooping-cough, which had been 7, 11, and 10 inthe three preceding weeks, fell to 8, and comprised 4 inBelfast, 3 in Dublin, and 1 in Limerick. The deaths fromscarlet fever were registered in Belfast and Londonderry,that from enteric fever in Dublin, and that from diphtheriain Belfast.The deaths referred to diseases of the respiratory system,

which had increased from 68 to 124 in the four precedingweeks, fell to 117 in the week under notice, and were 34below the number registered iu the corresponding week oflast year. Of the 470 deaths from all causes, 152, or 32 percent., occurred in public institutions, and 4 resulted fromviolence. The causes of 17, or 3-6 per cent., of the totaldeaths were not certified either by a registered medicalpractitioner or by a coroner after inquest, and included 5 in Dublin, 4 in Belfast, and 3 in Limerick ; in thelarge English towns the proportion of uncertified causeslid not exceed 1-1 per cent.