OPTIMUM COMPOSITION OF JUTE FABRIC AND

VINYL ESTER FOR THE MAXIMUM STRENGTH

INTRODUCTION

TWO OR MORE MATERIALS BONDED TOGETHER

A MATERIAL CONSISTING OF ANY COMBINATION OF FIBRES, WHISKERS AND PARTICLES IN A COMMON MATRIX

COMPOSITE MATERIALS

DEFINITIONS :

WHY COMPOSITES???

HIGH SPECIFIC STRENGTH (STRENGTH /DENSITY)

HIGH SPECIFIC MODULUS (MODULUS/DENSITY) FATIGUE RESISTANCE CREEP AND CREEP RUPTURE RESISTANCE LOW TAILORABLE COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL

EXPANSION WEAR RESISTANCE CORROSION RESISTANCE TAILORABLE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY –

(Very low to very high)

WHY COMPOSITES??? Continued.. TAILORABLE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY-

(Very low to extremely high) GREAT DESIGN FLEXIBILITY LOW COST FORMABLE TO COMPLEX SHAPE

COMPOSITIONS USED.

VINYL ESTER JUTE FABRICS METHYL ETHYL KETONE PEROXIDE-

CATALYST COBALT NAPHTHENATE- PROMOTER DIMETHYL ANILINE- ACCELERATOR

VINYL ESTER

Vinyl Ester is a resin produced by the esterification of an epoxy resin with an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid.

They are used because of their high corrosive resistance, high impact strength, high thermal resistance and low viscosity.

JUTE FABRICS

• It primarily consists of cellulose, hemi cellulose and lignin.

PREPARATION

TREATMENT OF FABRICS

ALKALI TREATMENT PRE-CURING NEUTRALIZATION WITH ACID COMPLETE NEUTRALIZATION WITH

DISTILLED WATER DRYING

• PREPARATION OF RESIN

QUANTIZATION OF VINYL ESTER, ACCELERATOR, PROMOTER AND CATALYST

MIXING THE COMPONENTS

CALCULATION

FOR THE COMPOSITION 32:68 [JUTE:RESIN]Density of the laminate= Wt fraction of jute fabrics * (density of jute fabrics+ Wt fraction of resin) * density of resin

= 0.32 * (1.5+0.68) * 1.05 =1.194 g/cc

Mass of the laminate = Density of the laminate * Volume of the laminate

= 1.194 * 25 * 25 * 0.5 = 373.125 g

Ratio of vinyl ester: accelerator: promoter: catalyst =100:2:2:2

Mass of the resin = mass of the laminate * Wt fraction of resin = 373.125 * 0.68 =253.725 g

Mass of vinyl ester =100/106 * Mass of resin =100/106 * 253.725 =239.36 g

CALCULATION CONTINUED…

Mass of accelerator = 2/106*mass of the resin = 2/106*253.725 = 4.78 g

Mass of promoter = 2/106*mass of the resin = 2/106*253.725 = 4.78 g

Mass of catalyst = 2/106*mass of the resin = 2/106*253.725 = 4.78 g

Mass of jute fabrics = mass of the laminate*wt fraction of jute fabrics

= 373.125*0.32 = 119.4 g

No of plies = Mass of jute fabrics/mass of 1 ply = 119.4/24 = 4.975≈5 plies

• PREPARATION OF LAMINATE

APPLYING RESIN ON THE FABRIC CURING POST CURING

TESTINGSPECIMEN USED- 32:68 [FABRICS:RESIN]

1. TENSILE TEST

MACHINE USED: UTM TESTING SPEED: 10mm/min GAUGE LENGTH: 80mm LENGTH : 150mm WIDTH : 12mm THICKNESS: 7.5mm

Tensile strength = max load/c.s. area N/mm² 

= 2002.5/12*7.5 =22.25 N/mm² 

Tensile modulus = dy/dx N/m

= slope from the graph

= (2002.5-2.5)/(1.308-0.0015)

= 1530.807N/m

2.FLEXURAL TEST

• MACHINE USED: UTM• SPEED OF THE TEST: HALF THE THICKNESS

OF THE SPECIMEN• SPAN LENGTH: 100mm• LENGTH: 150mm• WIDTH: 12.7mm• THICKNESS: 7.8mm

FLEXURAL STRENGTH=3Pl/2bd² . N/mm² 

Where,P=Breaking load, Nl=Span length, mmd=Depth, mmb=Width, mm

Therefore,Flexural strength=3*122*100/2*12.7*7.8² 

=47.368 N/mm² 

Flexural Modulus=l³  y/4bd³  N/mm²

Where,y=slope of the tangent of the initial straight line portion of the load deformation curve. = dy/dx. =(121-8)/(3.15-.5)

= 42.64 N/mm

Flexural modulus=42.64*100³/4*12.7*7.8³

=1768.82 N/mm²

COMPARISION OF FLEXURAL STRENGTH

3.IMPACT TEST-CHARPY.

• MACHINE USED: PENDULUM IMPACT TESTER• LENGTH: 127 mm• BREADTH: 12.7mm• THICKNESS: 4.4mm

IMPACT STRENGTH= IE/bh N-m/cm² Where, IE= IMPACT ENERGY REQUIRED TO BREAK THE SPECIMEN, N-m

Therefore,IMPACT STRENGTH= 0.42/(1.27*0.44)

=0.75 N-m/cm²

32:68

0.42 0.41 0.43 0.42 0.42 0.75

34:66

0.46 0.44 0.46 0.45 0.453

0.758

36:64

0.40 0.42 0.39 0.40 0.403

0.646

38:62

0.38 0.38 0.39 0.38 0.382

0.568

composition

Impact energy(N-m)

1 2 3 4 average

Impact strength(N-m/cm²)

COMPARISION OF IMPACT STRENGTH FOR VARIOUS COMPPOSITION

4.SURFACE HARDNESS

• MACHINE USED : SHORE-D HARDNESS TESTING MACHINE

Average

SPECIMEN HARDNESS(SHORE-D)1 2 3 4 5

Composition

32:68 46 47 50 52 49 48.8

34:66 50 49 53 48 54 50.8

36:64 43 40 36 45 43 41.4

38:68 23 22 23 25 19 22.4

COMPARISION OF HARDNESS FOR VARIOUS COMPOSITION

RESULTS

The mechanical properties are optimal for the ratio 34:66 [jute: resin]