Vice-County Distribution of Irish Lichens

Vice-County Distribution of Irish LichensAuthor(s): M. R. D. SeawardReviewed work(s):Source: Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, Vol. 94B, No. 2(Oct., 1994), pp. 177-194Published by: Royal Irish AcademyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20499928 .Accessed: 29/10/2012 07:07

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VICE-COUNTY DISTRIBUTION OF IRISH

LICHENS

M.R.D. Seaward

ABSTRACT

A new census catalogue of Irish lichens, based on vice-county distribution, enumerates 1050 lichen taxa (including four subspecies, thirteen varieties and two forms) and 25 taxa of lichenicolous fungi and non-lichenised fungi. A significant proportion of the vice-county distributional data assembled is derived from earlier records, the present status of which has not been determined. An appendix lists 31 taxa omitted from the census catalogue; although many of these are based on published records which have proved erroneous, a few, if confirmed, will be additional to the Irish lichen flora.

M.R.D. Seaward, INTRODUCTION Department of Environmental Science,

Considerable lichenological activity in Ireland University of Bradford, 1 1

Bradford BD7 1DPR over recent years has resulted in the need to UK. produce an entirely new census catalogue only ten

years after publication of the previous one (Seaward 1984). Field meetings held by the British Lichen Society in Sligo and Connemara (Alexander et al. 1989) and in Mayo, Donegal, Antrim and Down, extensive fieldwork by B.J. Coppins, A.M. O'Dare,

H. Fox, P.M. McCarthy, A. Fryday, R.W. Alexan der, R. Woods and the author, detailed site surveys in connection with air quality studies by D.H.S.

Richardson and colleagues of Trinity College, Dublin, and herbarium studies at Belfast (BFT), Dublin (DBN), Galway (GALW) and the Natural History Museum, London (BM), mainly by B.J. Coppins, H. Fox and the author, have very con siderably extended our ecological and biogeog raphical knowledge of these fascinating organisms. In addition, the recent publication of The lichenflora of Great Britain and Ireland (Purvis et al. 1992) has necessitated significant changes in nomenclature;

furthermore, the status of many taxa based on old records has been questioned.

Almost all published material containing Irish lichen records has been critically analysed in the production of this census catalogue: those published works cited in the comprehensive bibliographies covering the period 1568 to 1989 by Mitchell (1971), Hawksworth and Seaward (1977), and

McCarthy and Mitchell (1992) have been ex amined; numerous published works (e.g. Clerc and

Diederich 1991; Coppins et al. 1992; Egea and

Received 26 January Torrente 1993; Henssen and Jorgensen 1990; 1994. Read 9 May Knoph 1990; Laundon 1992a; 1992b; Orange 1994. Published 4 1991; 1993; Santesson 1992; S6rusiaux 1993) and

October 1994. unpublished reports since 1989 have also been

consulted. First published records of Irish lichens up to 1990 are provided by Mitchell (1993).

As a consequence of all the above activities, 147 taxa have been added to the Irish lichen flora and 56 taxa removed since 1984 on the basis of re-examination of herbarium material, doubt cast on records not substantiated by herbarium material, or taxonomic changes which have subsumed taxa; no new additions to the previous census catalogue (Seaward 1984) have been added through revisions

by Purvis et al. (1992), although a few taxa have been elevated or reduced in taxonomic rank.

The following catalogue, based on vice-county distnrbution (Fig. 1; see also Praeger 1901; Webb 1980), contains a significant proportion of data denrved from earlier records (mainly nineteenth century), the present status of which has not been determined a few species are almost certainly extinct. The number of taxa recorded from each vice-county is summansed in Table 1. On the basis of taxa recorded per unit area (which, of course, excludes climatic and other ecological considera tions), the best recorded vice-counties are Dublin,

Carlow and West Galway, and the most under recorded are Monaghan, Roscommon and Tyrone (cf Seaward 1984, 3). However, a more realistic

picture of the status of lichen recording can be gauged from the ratio of the number of taxa recorded/log area (Fig. 2), which reveals that West

Galway, South Kerry and Down are best recorded, and that Monaghan, Cavan and Meath are most in need of attention.

As of March 1994, the Irish lichen flora can be summansed as follows: 1050 lichen taxa (1029 species, four subspecies, thirteen varieties and three

forms) have been recorded from Ireland over the

past 300 years, of which less than 10% of the taxa are based on old records; some of these taxa can be

BIOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT: PROCEEDINOS OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY, VOL. 94B, No. 2, 177-194 (1994). 0 ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY 177

BIOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT

presumed extinct since they have not been seen for over a century.

The figure of 1050 is reasonably representative of lichen biodiversity in Ireland when compared with the 1566 taxa known to occur in both Bnrtain and Ireland (Purvis et al. 1993). However, an analysis of post-1960 lichen recording in Ireland on a 10km x 10km grid basis reveals that while 64.8% of the 1008 squares have received attention, only 145 squares (14.4%) have more than 100 records, indicating that Ireland offers considerable scope for lichenological fieldwork.

The current state of post-1960 lichen recording in Ireland can be gauged from Fig. 3, which illustrates in three categories those 10km x 10km

grid squares from which (a) more than 100, (b) 99 to 6, and (c) less than 6 taxa have been recorded since 1960. The data upon which this map has been based are held in the British Lichen Society's Distribution Maps Scheme Computer Database housed at the University of Bradford.

CENSUS CATALOGUE

Nomenclature mainly follows Purvis et al. 1993; numbers in squared parentheses after vice-county numbers refer to the notes following the census catalogue. The 25 taxa indicated by an asterisk (*) are lichenicolous fungi and non-lichenised fungi

which are traditionally treated by lichenologists and usually overlooked by mycologists; they have been included in the calculations used to summarise the level of vice-county recording (Table 1) but omit ted from the calculations used above to summarise the Irish lichen flora.

Absconditella delutula (Nyl.) Coppins & Kilias 9, 16 A. pauxilla Vezda & Vivant 8

Acarosporafuscata (Schrader) Th. Fr. 1-22, 26-31, 33-40 A. glaucocarpa (Ach.) Korber 13, 19, 35, 38 A. heppii (Naeg. ex Hepp) Naeg. ex Kbrber 9, 21, 37 A. impressula Th. Fr. 1, 21, 38 A. macrospora (Hepp) Massal. ex Bagl. 1, 3, 16 A. rufescens (Ach.) Krempelh. 1 A. sinopica (Wahlenb.) Korber 3, 20, 34, 35 A. smaragdula (Wahlenb.) Massal. 1, 3-14, 16, 20, 21, 27,

28, 30, 31, 35, 36, 38, 39 A. veronensis Massal. 1, 3, 21

Acrocordia conoidea (Fr.) K6rber 1, 2, 4, 5, 7-11, 14-30, 33, 34, 36-39

A. gemmata (Ach.) Massal. 1-14, 16-31, 33-35, 37-40 A. macrospora Massal. 3 A. salweyi (Leighton ex Nyl.) A.L. Sm. 1, 3, 5-7, 9, 11,

14-16, 18, 20, 27, 37-40

Agonimia allobata (Stizenb.) P. James 2, 33 A. octospora Coppins & P. James 1-3

178

S 4U

27~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~3 0 26 a~~

16 17~~~~~~~~~~~8

0or Ireland. is 19 9 1

Tipperary;1=KiLkenny; 17=Wexfrd;13

14 =Lei;1 = Sot-eatGawy 16 21etGawy

10~ ~ ~~~~~~~1

3~~~~~~~~~~1

Fig I -Vie-couty sawyste of naua histor19y recordie;

for =ireland. 1 = Southlinr; 22 = North; Ker;3 = Westma,

Cok;4 = Lonfod;Crk 25 Eas Cocmork; 26 = WateMayor;

27 = Wsoth Tipearyo; 28 = Slieick; 29 = Cetrme; 30 = Cavan;

17 Notheas Glwa; =Offl7 12= idae

31 = Louth; 32 = Monaghan; 33 = Fermanagh; 34 = East

Donegal; 3 5 =West Donegal; 36 = Tyrone; 37 = Armagh;

38 = Down; 391 SAntrim; 40 = Londonderry.

7. tisticula (Nyl.) Zahlbr. 1, 2, 5-11, 14-16, 18-30,

33-35, 38, 39

*Agyryum rufum (Pers.) Fr. 2, 16

Amygdalania consentiens (Nyl.) Hertel, Brodo & Inoue 1, 9,

20, 27., 39

A. pe;obotryon (Wahlenb.) Norman 1, 16, 27, 29, 34, 35,

39

AnaptychiacitiasKrberyex Massal. 1, 2, 8, 11-13, 33, 39

VICE-COUNTY DISTRIBUTION OF IRISH LICHENS

ssp. mamillata (Taylor) D. Hawskw. & P. James I A. nyssaegenum (Ellis & Everh.) R. Harris 9, 22, 25, 33, A. runcirtata (With.) Laundon 1, 3-6, 8, 9, 11-13, 16, 17, 35, 36, 39, 40

20, 21, 26-28, 31, 34, 35, 38-40 Aphanopsis coenosa (Ach.) Coppins & P. James 1

Anisomeridium biforne (Borrer) R. Harrs 1-14, 16-25, 27-40 Arctomia delicatula Tli. Fr. 16

Table 1-Number of lichen taxa recorded and level of coverage for each vice-county (March

1994).

VC Area* (Mr2) No. of taxa Taxa/area Taxa/log area

1 930 602 0.65 203 2 923 565 0.61 191

3 1145 534 0.47 174

4 950 367 0.39 123 5 795 302 0.38 104

6 721 373 0.52 130 7 850 312 0.37 106

8 1064 279 0.26 92 9 1348 458 0.34 146

10 810 254 0.31 87

11 794 264 0.33 91

12 901 352 0.39 119

13 346 274 0.79 108

14 664 318 0.48 113

15 738 210 0.28 73

16 826 626 0.76 214

17 840 215 0.26 74

18 772 258 0.33 89

19 654 283 0.43 100

20 781 505 0.65 175

21 354 434 1.23 170

22 906 208 0.23 70

23 708 213 0.30 75

24 421 193 0.46 74

25 950 221 0.23 74

26 778 217 0.28 75

27 1336 495 0.37 158

28 721 416 0.58 145

29 613 341 0.56 122 30 746 194 0.26 68

31 316 203 0.64 81

32 500 90 0.18 33

33 714 499 0.70 175

34 859 345 0.40 118

35 1011 543 0.54 181

36 1260 299 0.24 96

37 512 239 0.47 88

38 957 448 0.47 150

39 1 191 611 0.51 198

40 816 342 0.42 118

av. 813 348 0.43 120 * Based on figures quoted in Praeger 1901.

179


no6 o

D

600- // X3

X35 X 3

500- i~~~~~) XXD X27

X21 X2X 400- 2 B

12 6 34 X

X 29 =

3100- X36 X1 ; _ _ A 30 x13 119

200 1 X31 nx 15' XV X25

X24

100 X32

300 600 900 1200 1500 1b00

kb eam (nt)

Fig. 2-Lichen diversity in Irish vice-counties in March

1994, based on species-area concept. A = minimum ex

pectation of lichen recording based on average number of

taxa recorded/log area of vice-county in 1984 (Seaward

1984); B = minimum expectation of lichen recording

based on average number of taxa recordedllog area of

vice-county in 1994; C = probability line for minimum

expectation of lichen recording based on total taxa count

(i.e. 957) for Irish lichen flora in 1984; D = probabilityline

for maximum expectation of lichen recording based on

total count (i.e. 1050) for Irish lichen flora in 1994;

E = probability line for maximum expectation of lichen

recording based on a 10% increase in Irish lichen taxa,

based on a more realistic assumption that the total

number of taxa to be found in both Britain and Ireland

(i.e. 1566 in Purvis et al. 1993, plus a few recent additions)

is almost fully accounted for.

*Arthonia almquistii Vainio 39 A. anombrophila Coppins & P. James 20, 33, 35, 38-40 A. arthonioides (Ach.) A.L. Sm. 2, 33, 35, 36, 38-40 A. astroidestera Nyl. 2, 3, 16, 35 A. atlantica P. James 1-3, 16, 27 A. cinnabarina (DC.) WaUr. 1-40 A. didyma Kbrber 3, 9, 16, 28, 29, 33, 35, 36, 38-40 A. elegans (Ach.) Almq. 1, 2, 16, 20, 29, 33, 35, 36,

38-40 A. endlicheri (Garov.) Oxner 2, 3, 28 A. excipienda (Nyl.) Leighton 2, 3, 9, 16 *A. fuscopurpurea (Tul.) R. Sant. 33 A. galactites (DC.) Dufour 4 *A. graphidicola Coppins 25, 29 A. ilicina Taylor 1-5, 16, 27-29, 33, 35, 39 A. ilicinella Nyl. 2, 35 A. impolita (Hoffm.) Borrer 2, 3, 8, 14, 18, 21, 31, 33,

35-38 A. lapidicola (Taylor) Branth & Rostrup 1, 9, 29, 38, 39 A. leucopellaea (Ach.) Almq. 2 A. mediella Nyl. 33, 39

180

00r 0 00 0 0 - ! _ _ _!;,: _ ~~~0 !o o 0

00 0 000 000 0 00*-ooo00 00 00

00 .0 000~~~~00 00 0

00 00000 0 0 000 000 3 0 0000 0 000 000 3

00 0000 04 0 000 OCO O *00 00 0

* ~~~~0000 000 0 0 0 00 o00 -o00. o o 000 00,

0 0000 00 0 0 0000 0 00 0 00 0 0 0

2 0 00 00 oggoggg * 0 2 o 06 00 00 00 000 00 @00

00 0 00000000 00 0 00 0 0 000 000 o0o

0 000 0 0 0 000000 00 0 ~0 0 0000 .. @0

0000000000 0 0 00000000

0 0 0 0 6000!000 1 . 0 ~~00 000 0000000 40

000 0 o o o a

QOSS 00 0 000 000000

- 0 o ooo>a ooo

0 0~~~~~0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 00 0

fn oo0 0 0

Fig. 3-Progress map showing number of lichen taxa

recorded per 10km x 10km grid square in Ireland up to

March 1994. This map, generated directly firom the British

Lichen Society's computer database at the University of

Bradford, shows that records have been received firom 652

(of 1008 possible) grid squares. Of these, 145 have over

100 records, 181 have 50-100 records and 326 have less

than 50 records. Overall, 64.8% of Ireland has received

some form of coverage. 0 = 100 species or more; 0 = less

than 100 species.

A. muscigena Th. Fr. 8, 18, 20, 21, 33, 39, 40

A. phaeobaea (Norman) Nomian 1, 16, 21, 27, 38, 39

*A. punctiformisAch. 1-14, 16, 18-23, 25, 27-36, 38-40

A. radiata (Pers.) Ach. 1-40

A. spadicea Leighton 1-3, 5, 9, 11-14, 16, 18, 20, 21, 27,

33, 36, 38-40

A. stellaris Krempelh. 1-3, 11, 28, 33, 35-37, 39, 40 [11

A. vinosa Leighton 1-3, 5, 7, 12, 13, 15, 16, 20, 27, 28,

33, 35, 36, 38-40

A. zwackhii Sandst. 33

*Arthopyrenia antecellans (Nyl.) Arnold 1-5, 7, 9, 12, 15,

16, 20, 27-29, 33, 35, 36, 38-40

A. carneobrunneola Coppins 33, 35, 39, 40

*A. cerasi (Schrader) Massal. 1, 2, 4, 7, 9, 14, 16-19, 27,

28, 33, 39


A. cinereoprninosa (Schaerer) Massal. 2, 3, 18, 32, 33, 35, 39, 40

*A. fraxini Massal. 4, 35, 38, 40 *A. lapponina Anzi 1-7, 9-14, 16, 18-21, 23, 27-29,

33-35, 38-40 A. nitescens (Salwey) Mudd 1, 3, 9, 16, 27, 33, 35, 39, 40 *A. punctiformis Massal. 1-40 A. ranunculospora Coppins & P. James 1-3, 33, 35-39 A. salicis Massal. 29, 33, 35, 39, 40 A. viridescens Coppins 1, 33, 39

*Arthothelium lirellans (Almq.) Coppins 1-3 A. norwegicum Coppins & T0nsb. 27, 35 *A. orbilliferum (Almq.) Hasse 1, 2, 16 A. spectabile Flotow ex Massal. 2, 3

Arthrorhaphiscitrinella (Ach.) Poelt 1-3, 10, 12, 16, 20, 21, 29, 31, 34-40

Aspicilia caesiocinerea (Nyl. ex Malbr.) Arnold 1-3, 5, 6, 9, 12, 13, 16, 19-21, 27, 28, 31, 34, 35, 38-40

A. calcarea (L.) Mudd 1-37, 39, 40 A. cinerea (L.) Kbrber 1-5, 9, 10, 12, 13, 16, 20, 21,

27-29, 33, 34, 37-39 A. contorta (Hoffm.) Krempelh. 1, 2, 5-36, 39 A. epiglypta (Norrlin ex Nyl.) Hue 39 A. grisea Arnold 33-35, 38, 40 A. internutans (Nyl.) Arnold 16, 20 A. laevata (Ach.) Amold 1, 16, 20, 39 A. leprosescens (Sandst.) Havaas 1, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 16, 17,

20-22, 27, 28, 31, 34, 35, 38, 39 A. recedens (Taylor) Arnold 1, 16 A. subdepressa auct. 1, 16

Bacidia absistens (Nyl.) Arnold 20, 29, 33, 40 B. arceutina (Ach.) Arnold 1, 2, 6-10, 12-16, 18-20,

23-25, 27-30, 33-37, 39, 40 B. armoldiana K6rber 27, 35 B. assulata (Kbrber) Vezda 1, 13 B. bagliettoana (Massal. & de Not.) Jatta 1, 2, 4, 5, 7,

9-12, 14, 16, 20, 21, 28, 34, 35, 37-39 B. biatorina (Kdrber) Vainio 2, 3, 33, 35, 38-40 B. caligans (Nyl.) A.L. Sm. 2 B. carneoglauca (Nyl.) A.L. Sm. 16, 40 B. chloroticula (Nyl.) A.L. Sm. 16, 19-21, 36, 40 B. coralloidea Coppins & Tonsb. 33, 36, 40 B. delicata (Larbal. ex Leighton) Coppins 14, 16, 28, 33,

40 B. egenula (Nyl.) Arnold 9, 16, 27 B. friesiana (Hepp) Kbrber 1, 9-11, 14, 16, 18, 19, 25,

26, 33, 35, 36

B. fuscoviridis (Anzi) Lettau 16, 33, 39 B. herbarum (Stizenb.) Arnold 21 B. incompta (Borrer ex Hooker) Anzi 1, 2, 6, 8, 12, 16 B. inundata (Fr.) Kdrber 1, 2, 4, 6, 14, 16, 19-21, 27, 33,

35, 36, 38-40 B. laurocerasi (Delise ex Duby) Zahlbr. 1-12, 14-20,

22-27, 29, 32, 33, 36-38 B. naegelii (Hepp) Zahlbr. 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9-13, 15, 16,

18-22, 24, 25, 27-29, 32, 33, 35-40 B. phacodes Kdrber 2-5, 7-9, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 20-22,

25, 28-30, 33, 35, 38, 40

B. rubella (Hoffm.) Massal. 1-22, 24-30, 33, 36-39 B. sabuletorum (Schreber) Lettau 1-21, 23-30, 33-35,

38-40 B. saxenii Erchscn 12-14, 19, 21, 33

B. scopulicola (Nyl.) A.L. Sm. 1, 3, 4, 9, 16, 20, 21, 27, 31, 34, 35

B. subfuscula (Nyl.) Th. Fr. 9, 28

B. trachona (Ach.) Lettau 1, 3, 39 B. vezdae Coppins & P. James 20, 33, 35, 36, 40 B. viridescens (Massal.) Nonnan 9, 33 B. viridrfainosa Coppins & P. James 2, 33, 38-40

Bactrospora corticola (Fr.) Almq. 25, 33, 38-40 B. homalotropa (Ny!.) Egea & Torrente 1-4, 16, 35, 39

Baeomyces placophyllus Ach. 31, 39 B. roseus Pers. 1-3, 6, 7, 16, 20, 21, 28, 29, 33-36, 38,

39

B. rufus (Huds.) Rebent. 1-14, 16, 17, 20, 21, 24-40

Bellemerea alpina (Sornmerf.) Clauz. & Rouz 2

Belonia nidarosiensis (Kindt) P.M. Jorg. & VWzda 2, 16, 17, 23, 28, 29, 33, 35, 39

Biatora epixanthoides (Nyl.) Diedenrch 2, 20, 33, 35, 38, 39 B. epixanthoidiza (Nyl.) Risainen 33 B. sphaeroides (Dickson) Kbrber 1, 2, 9, 13, 15, 16, 21,

23, 27, 28, 33, 35, 37-40

Blarneya hibernica D. Hawksw., Coppins & P. James 2, 6

Bryophagusgloeocapsa Nitschke ex Arnold 2, 4, 6, 18, 20, 35, 36

Bryoria bicolor (Ehrh.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. 1, 2, 12, 13, 20, 21, 34, 39

B. capillaris (Ach.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. 5, 6, 39 B.fuscescens (Gyelnik) Brodo & D. Hawksw. 2, 6, 12, 13,

18-21, 34-36, 38-40 B. subcana (Nyl. ex Stizenb.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. 33,

36, 39, 40

Bue/lia aethalea (Ach.) Th. Fr. 1-7, 9-14, 16, 17, 20, 21, 27-31, 33-35, 37-40

B. coniops (Wahlenb. ex Ach.) Th. Fr. 21, 27, 38

B. disciformis (Fr.) Mudd 1-6, 9, 16, 27, 28, 33, 35, 39 B. erubescens Arnold 3 B. excelsa (Leighton) A.L. Sm. 16 B. griseovirens (Turner & Borrer ex Sm.) Almb. 6, 9, 10,

13, 14, 19-21, 23, 27-29, 33, 35-40 B. leptoclinoides (Nyl.) Steiner 13, 21, 38 B. ocellata (Flotow) K6rber 1-4, 6, 9, 11-14, 16, 19-21,

23, 27, 28, 31, 34-40 B. punctrat (Hoffm.) Massal. 1-16, 18-31, 33-40 B. schaereri de Not. 4 B. stellulata (Taylor) Mudd 1-9, 12-14, 16, 17, 20-22,

26-31, 34, 35, 38-40 [2] B. subdisciformis (Leighton) Vainio 1-4, 6, 9, 16, 21, 27,

31, 35, 38, 39 B. uberior Anzi 35

Byssoloma leucoblepharurn (Nyl.) Vainio 18 B. marginatunm (Arnold) S6rusiaux 33, 39

B. subdiscordans (Nyl.) P. James 8-10, 16, 18, 27, 29, 39

Calicium abietinum Pers. 2, 3, 5, 20, 36

C. diploellum Nyl. 2, 33 C. glaucellunm Ach. 28, 33, 39 C. len1ticu/are Ach. 2

181


C. quercinum Pers. 3 C. salicinum Pers. 3, 20, 39

C. viride Pers. 2, 6, 7, 11-14, 18-22, 24, 28, 29, 33, 38,

39

Caloplaca alociza (Massal.) Migula 9 C. arenaria (Pers.) WUll. Arg. 39 C. atroflava (Turner) Monguillon 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 16, 21,

29, 32, 34, 38, 39

C. aurantia (Pers.) Steiner 1, 3-12, 14-29, 33, 34, 36, 38, 39

C. britannica R. Sant. 4, 9 C. ceracea Laundon 1-6, 8, 9, 12, 16, 21, 27, 28, 38-40

[31 C. cerina (Ehrh. ex Hedwig) Th. Fr. 1-25, 27-31,

33-37, 39

C. cerinella (Nyl.) Flagey 3, 7, 8, 10-12, 14-19, 28, 31, 33, 35, 36, 38, 40

C. chalybaea (Fr.) Mull. Arg. 2, 3, 38

C. cirrochroa (Ach.) Th. Fr. 1, 2, 9, 14, 16, 19-21, 28, 33, 38, 39

C. citrina (Hoffm.) Th. Fr. 1-40 C. concilians (Nyl.) H. Olivier 34, 38, 39 C. crenularia (With.) Laundon 1-13, 16-25, 27-29,

31-35, 37-40 C. dalmatica (Massal.) H. Olivier 29, 39 C. decipiens (Arnold) Blomb. & Forss. 7, 11-14, 20, 21,

28, 33, 39

C. ferruginea (Huds.) Th. Fr. 1, 3, 4, 7-9, 12, 16, 17, 25-29, 31, 33-36, 39

C. flavescens (Huds.) Laundon 1-31, 33-35, 37-39 C. flavorubescens (Huds.) Laundon 7, 24, 33 C. flavovirescens (Wulfen) Dalla Torre & Samth. 1, 2, 4, 5,

7, 9-12, 14, 16, 17, 19-21, 23-29, 31, 33-35, 37-40

C. holocarpa (Hoffm.) Wade 1-35, 37-40 C. isidiigeraVezda 16, 19, 20, 33, 35, 37, 39

C. Iactea (Massal.) Zahlbr. 7, 9, 11, 15, 23, 28, 38, 39

C. littorea Tavares 1, 39 C. luteoalba (Turner) Th. Fr. 1, 2, 4-6, 8, 11, 18, 19 C. marina (Wedd.) Zahlbr. ex Du Rietz 1-6, 8, 9, 12, 16,

17, 19-22, 27-29, 31, 34, 35, 38-40

C. microthallina (Wedd.) Zahlbr. 1, 3-5, 9, 16, 21, 22, 27, 34, 38, 39

C. obliterans (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forss. 39 C. obscurella (Lahm ex Korber) Th. Fr. 12-14, 16, 18-21,

33, 38, 39 C. ochracea (Schaerer) Flagey 1, 2, 4, 5, 7-9, 15, 17, 19,

22, 23, 34, 37-39 C. saxicola (Hoffin.) Nordin 1-40 C. teicholyta (Ach.) Steiner 4, 5, 9, 14, 17, 21, 24 C. thallincola (Wedd.) Du Rietz 1, 3-6, 9, 12, 16, 17, 21,

22, 27, 28, 31, 34-36, 38, 39

C. ulcerosa Coppins & P. James 2, 5, 8, 11, 30, 33 C. variabilis (Pers.) Miill. Arg. 9, 15, 16, 27, 28 C. verrucul!fra (Vainio) Zahlbr. 1, 3, 5, 6, 9, 12, 16, 21,

27, 31, 34, 38, 39

Candelaria concolor (Dickson) B. Stein 1-16, 18-22, 24, 27, 33, 36, 37, 39 [41

Candelariella aurella (Hoffr.) Zahlbr. 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10-14, 16-21, 23, 27, 31, 33-35, 37-39

C. coralliza (Nyl.) Magnusson 1, 3, 10, 13, 16, 17, 20-22, 28, 35, 36, 38, 39

C. medians (Nyl.) A.L. Sm. 7, 9, 11, 12, 14, 16-23, 25, 26

182

C. reflexa (Nyl.) Lettau 1, 3, 6, 7, 9, 11-14, 18-23, 25,

29, 33, 35, 38, 39

C. vitellina (Hoffm.) Mull. Arg. 1-40 C. xanthostigma (Ach.) Lettau 2, 6, 7, 9, 11-14, 18-23,

33, 38, 39

Carbonea vorticosa (Florke) Hertel 20

Catapyrenium cinereum (Pers.) Kbrber 16, 27 C. pilosellum Breuss 9, 29, 33 C. rufescens (Ach.) Breuss 4, 27, 28, 39 C. squamulosum (Ach.) Breuss 2, 9, 14, 18, 20, 23, 27, 35,

39

Catillaria aphana (Nyl.) Coppins 9, 39 C. atomarioides (Mull. Arg.) Kilias 27 C. atropurpurea (Schaerer) Th. Fr. 1-5, 9, 16, 33, 35 C. chalybeia (Borrer) Massal. 1-14, 16, 17, 19-22, 26-40

var. chloropoliza (Nyl.) Kilias 2, 9, 16, 38 C. contristans (Nyl.) Zahlbr. 20, 21 C. laureri Hepp ex Th. Fr. 2 C. lenticulanis (Ach.) Th. Fr. 1-40 C. minuta (Massal.) Lettau 16, 37 C. modesta (Mull. Arg.) Coppins 35 C. nigroclavata (Nyl.) Schuler 4, 5, 7, 13, 16, 18, 33, 39 C. picila (Massal.) Coppins 16 C. pulverea (Borrer) Lettau 1-4, 9, 16, 20, 27, 29, 33, 35,

36, 39, 40

*Cecidonia umbonella (Nyl.) Tniebel & Rambold 16 *C. xenophana (Kdrber) Triebel & Rambold 35

Celothelium ischnobelum (Nyl.) M.B. Aguirre 2, 5, 9, 16, 20, 29, 35, 36, 40

Cetraria chlorophylla (Willd.) Vainio 16, 20, 21, 33-35, 39 C. ericetorum Opiz 2, 4, 20, 38

C. islandica (L.) Ach. 1-4, 16, 27, 28, 34, 35, 38

Cetrelia olivetorum (Nyl.) Culb. & C. Culb. 1-4, 7, 12, 20, 25, 33, 35, 40

Chaenotheca brachypoda (Ach.) Tibell 35 C. brunneola (Ach.) Mull. Arg. 1, 2, 33, 35, 36, 39, 40 C. chrysocephala (Turner ex Ach.) Th. Fr. 20, 21, 33, 35,

36, 39 C. ferruginea (Turner ex Ach.) Mig. 19-21, 27, 33, 37, 39 C.furfuracea (L.) Tibell 1, 3, 36, 38, 39 C. hispidula (Ach.) Zahlbr. 8, 12, 13, 19, 33, 36, 39, 40 C. trichialis (Ach.) Th. Fr. 2, 5, 6, 8, 33, 35, 39, 40

Chiodecton myrticola F6e 1, 2, 39

Chromatochlamys larbalestieri (A.L. Sm.) Mayrh. & Poelt 16 C. muscorum (Fr.) Mayrh. & Poelt 3, 27, 28, 30, 33, 35,

40

Chrysothrix candelaris (L.) Laundon 1-25, 28-31, 33-35, 37-40

C. chrysophthalma (P. James) P. James & Laundon 2, 20, 27, 33, 35, 37-40

Cladonia arbuscula (Wallr.) Flotow 1-4, 6-21, 23-40 [5] C. azorica Ahti 1

C. bellidftora (Ach.) Schaerer 1, 2, 6-9, 12-14, 16, 20, 21, 27-29, 31, 33-39


C. caespiticia (Pers.) Flbrke 1, 2, 4, 16, 20, 21, 28, 33, 35, 38-40

C. cariosa (Ach.) Sprengel 3, 36 C. cervicornis (Ach.) Flotow 1-4, 9, 12, 16, 21, 23, 27, 28,

33-36, 38, 39 ssp. verticillata (Hoffm.) Ahti 1-3, 7, 10, 13-16, 18-21, 23-28, 33-36, 39

C. chlorophaea (Flbrke ex Sommerf) Sprengel 1-4, 6-21, 23-31, 33-40 [6J

C. ciliata Stirton 1-3, 6, 12, 14-16, 19, 20, 22, 23, 27-29, 33-36, 38-40 var. tenuis (Flbrke) Ahti 1-4, 6, 7, 9-16, 18-31, 33-36, 38, 39

C. coccifera (L.) Willd. 1-31, 33-40 [7J C. coniocraea (Flbrke) Sprengel 1-31, 33-40 C. cornuta (L.) Hofln. 3, 20, 39 C. crispata var. cetrari!fonnis (Delise) Vainio 1-3, 7, 9, 10,

12-14, 16, 18-26, 28, 29, 33-39 C. cyathomorpha Stirton ex W. Watson 2, 38 C. defonnis (L.) Hoffm. 20, 21, 27 C. digitata (L.) Hofin. 1-6, 12, 14, 16, 20, 21, 27, 28,

33, 35, 36, 38, 39

C. fimbriata (L.) Fr. 1-40 C. floerkeana (Fr.) Flbrke 1-16, 18-31, 33-40 C. foliacea (Huds.) Willd. 1-3, 6-8, 12, 16, 17, 20, 21,

27, 31, 35, 38, 39 C. furcata (Huds.) Schrader 1-40 C. glauca Flbrke 7, 10, 14, 16, 18, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 29,

36-39 C. gracilis (L.) Willd. 1-4, 6-16, 18-21, 25-28, 33-40 C. htumilis (With.) Laundon 1, 2, 10, 12, 13, 16, 20, 21,

27, 34, 35, 38-40

C. incrassata Flbrke 9, 16, 33, 35 C. luteoalba Wheldon & A. Wilson 3, 11, 20, 39

C. macilenta Hoffm. 1-3, 6-14, 16-31, 33-40 C. mitis Sandst. 16, 27 C. ochrochlora Flbrke 1-6, 10, 11, 17, 18, 20, 27, 28, 33,

35, 36, 39 C. parasitica (Hoffm.) Hoffm. 1-3, 19-21, 24, 27, 28,

38-40 C. peziziformis (With.) Laundon 1, 38, 39 C. pleurota (Flbrke) Schaerer 2, 16, 20, 21, 27, 34, 39 C. pocillum (Ach.) O.J. Rich. 1, 5-16, 18-21, 23-30,

33-35, 38, 39 C. polydactyla (Flbrke) Sprengel 1-25, 27-30, 33-40

var. umbricola (Tonsb. & Ahti) Coppins 29 C. portentosa (Dufour) Coem. 1-4, 6-31, 33-40 C. pyxidata (L.) Hoffm. 1-6, 9-14, 16-18, 20, 21,

23-30, 33-36, 38-40 C. ramulosa (With.) Laundon 1-6, 9-18, 20, 21, 23, 25,

27-29, 33-36, 38, 39 C. rangfferina (L.) Weber ex Wigg. 1, 16, 27, 28, 35, 39 C. rangffortnis Hoffm. 1-31, 33-40 C. scabriuscula (Delise) Nyl. 3, 10, 13, 14, 16, 18-21, 27,

36, 38-40 C. squamosa (Scop.) Hoffm. 1-14, 16-22, 24-40

var. subsquamosa (Nyl. ex Leighton) Vainio 1-4, 8, 10, 12-14, 16, 20, 21, 27-29, 33, 35, 36, 39, 40

C. stereoclada des Abb. 1 C. strepsilis (Ach.) Vainio 1-3, 6, 8, 14, 16, 20, 21,

26-28, 34-36, 38 C. subcervicornis (Vainio) Kernst. 1-17, 19-21, 23, 24,

26-36, 38-40

C. subrangiformis Sandst. 2, 3, 9, 16, 21, 37-39 C. subulata (L.) Weber ex Wigg. 2-4, 8, 10-14, 16, 18,

20, 21, 23, 24, 27-29, 33-39

C. uncialis ssp. biuncialis (Hoffni.) M. Choisy 1-31, 33-40 C. zopfli Vainio 34, 35

Clauzadea immersa (Hoffm.) Hafeilner & Bellem. 1, 2, 4-9, 14-23, 26, 28-30, 33-37, 39

C. metzleri (Kbrber) Clauz. & Roux ex D. Hawksw. 4, 9, 13, 14, 16, 17, 19, 23, 26-28, 33

C. monticola (Ach.) Hafellner & Bellem. 1-5, 7-29, 32-36, 39, 40

Clauzadeana macula (Taylor) Coppins & Rambold 1, 16, 27, 29, 32, 35, 38

Cliostomum corrugatum (Ach.) Fr. 3, 20 C. gnffithii (Sm.) Coppins 1-14, 16, 18-23, 25-40

Coccotrema citrinescens P. James & Coppins 2, 16, 27, 34, 35

Coelocaulon aculeatum (Schreber) Link 1-3, 6-8, 10, 12, 13, 16-18, 20, 21, 27, 33-36, 38, 39

C. muricatum (Ach.) Laundon 2, 3, 6, 10-12, 16, 18, 20, 21, 23, 25-28, 33-35, 38

Collema aunfonne (With.) Coppins & Laundon 1-12, 14-31, 33-35, 38-40

C. bachmanianum (Fink) Degel. 27 C. confertum Arnold 9 C. crispum (Huds.) Weber ex Wigg. 1-31, 33-40 C. cristatum (L.) Weber ex Wigg. 1-19, 21-30, 33-40

var. marginale (Huds.) Degel. 9, 15 C. dichotomum (With.) Coppins & Laundon 1, 2, 14, 36,

38, 39 C. fasciculare (L.) Weber ex Wigg. 1-4, 16, 28, 29, 33 C.flaccidum (Ach.) Ach. 1-3, 5-8, 16, 18-20, 24, 27, 29,

33, 35, 39 C. Jragile Taylor 1, 2, 9, 15-17, 28, 34, 35

C. fragrans (Sm.) Ach. 3 C. furfuraceum (Arnold) Du Rietz 1-4, 7, 9, 13, 14, 16,

17, 20, 26-28, 33, 35, 38, 39

C.fuscovirens (With.) Laundon 1, 2, 5, 9-11, 14-17, 19, 23, 25-30, 33-35, 37-39

C. glebulentum (Nyl. ex Crombie) Degel. 1, 2, 35 C. limosum (Ach.) Ach. 1, 7, 16, 20, 21, 39

C. multipartitum Sm. 1, 2, 5, 8, 9, 14-17, 19, 23, 25-30,

33, 35, 37, 39 C. nigrescens (Huds.) DC. 1-6, 8, 12, 20, 28-30, 33-36,

39 [81 C. polycarpon Hoffm. 1, 9, 14-17, 23, 26-28, 36

C. subflaccidurm Degel. 1-3, 5-7, 9, 16, 20, 27, 33, 35, 39

C. subnigrescens Degel. 1, 2, 9, 16 C. tenax (Swartz) Ach. 1-40

var. ceranoides (Borrer) Degel. 1, 3, 6, 8, 9, 16, 21, 27,

28, 38 var. vulgare (Schreber) Degel. 1, 9, 28, 38

C. undulatum Laurer ex Flotow 16

var. granulosum Degel. 9

Cornicularia normoerica (Gunn.) Du Rietz 1, 2, 6, 10, 16, 20, 35, 38

Cryptolechia carneolutea (Turner) Massal. 9

Cryptothele rhodosticta (Taylor) Henssen 1 [9]

Cyphelium inquinans (Sm.) Trevisan 5, 6

183


C. sessite (Pers.) Trevisan 1, 2, 11, 14, 33

Cystocoleus ebeneus (Dillwyn) Thwaites 1, 2, 4, 10, 12, 20, 21, 27, 29, 33-35, 38-40

Degelia atlantica (Degel.) P.M. Jorg. & P. James 1-4, 9, 16, 25-29, 33, 35

D. ligulata P.M. Jorg. & P. James 1, 3, 16, 27, 35 D. plumbea (Lightf) P.M. Jorg. & P. James 1-4, 9, 16,

26-28, 33, 35, 39, 40

Dermatocarpon luridum (With.) Laundon 1-3, 6, 16, 19, 20, 26-30, 33-36, 38, 39

D. meiophyllizumVainio 1-3, 6, 20, 27-29, 33, 35, 39 D. miniatum (L.) Mann 1-12, 14-21, 23-30, 33-35, 39,

40

Dictyonema interruptum (Carm. ex Hooker) Parn. 2

Dimerella lutea (Dickson) Trevisan 1-12, 14, 16-21, 23 31, 33-40

D. pineti (Ach.) Vezda 1, 2, 4, 5, 7-13, 20, 21, 23, 28, 29, 33, 35-40

Diploicia canescens (Dickson) Massal. 1-40

Diploschistes caesioplumbeus (Nyl.) Vainio 6, 28 D. gypsaceus (Ach.) Zahlbr. 9, 15, 16 D. muscorum (Scop.) R. Sant. 1-5, 7-10, 12, 16, 21, 23,

28, 30, 31, 33-35, 37-40 D. scruposus (Schreber) Norman 1, 2, 4-7, 9, 10, 12, 13,

15, 16, 20, 21, 25-29, 31, 33-39

Diplotomma alboatrum (Hoffm.) Flotow 1, 3-29, 33-39 D. chlorophaeum (Hepp ex Leighton) Szat. 1, 3, 5, 6,

9-12, 16, 21, 27, 28, 38, 39 D. epipolium (Ach.) Arnold 1, 3, 4, 6, 8-12, 16, 17,

19-22, 27-29, 33-39 D. murorum (Massal.) Coppins 16

Dirina massiliensis forma sorediata (Mull. Arg.) Tehler 1-3, 7-9, 21-23, 29, 33, 35, 39, 40

Endocarpon adscendens (Anzi) Mull. Arg. 2, 16

Enterographa crassa (DC.) Fee 1-31, 33-40 E. elaborata (Lyell ex Leighton) Coppins & P. James 1, 8,

16, 33

E. hutchinsiae (Leighton) Massal. 1-4, 9, 16, 20, 35, 39, 40

E. zonata (Kbrber) Kallsten 1-4, 6, 7, 9, 16, 19, 20, 22, 27, 33, 35, 36, 38-40

Eopyrenula avellanae Coppins 33, 36 E. grandicula Coppins 1, 29, 33, 35, 36, 38-40

Ephebe hispidula (Ach.) Horwood 1, 2, 27, 39 E. lanata (L.) Vainio 1-4, 6, 7, 16, 19-21, 27, 28, 34-37,

39

Epigloea solejformis Dobbeler 1

Epilichen scabrosus (Ach.) Clem. 3, 16

Euopsis pulvinat (Schaerer) Vainio 16

184

Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach. 1-40

Farnoldiajurana (Schaerer) Hertel 7, 9, 15, 17, 25, 26, 28, 33

Fellhanera bouteillei (Desm.) Vezda 3, 5, 8, 1O, 14, 15, 18-20, 33, 35, 36

F. subtilis (Vzda) Diederich & Serusiaux 20

Fulgensiafulgens (Swartz) Elenkin 12

Fuscidea cyathoides (Ach.) V. Wirth & Vezda 1-4, 6-14, 16, 17, 19-23, 25-31, 33-40

F. gothoburgensis (Magnusson) V. Wirth & V6zda 20, 29, 35

F. hibernica P. James & Poelt 2 F. intercincta (Nyl.) Poelt 6, 20, 29, 35 F. kochiana (Hepp) V Wirth & Vezda 2, 6-8, 10-14, 16,

18, 20, 21, 27, 34-38 F. ligh&footii (Sm.) Coppins & P. James 1-40 F. lygaea (Ach.) V Wirth & Vezda 1-3, 16, 27, 29,

34-39 F. recensa (Stirton) Hertel,V Wirth & Vezda 3, 7, 16, 34,

35. 39

Gomphillus calycioides (Del.) Nyl. 1-3, 7, 9, 16, 27, 33, 35

Graphina anguina (Mont.) Mull. Arg. 1-40 G. pauciloculata Coppins & P. James 5 G. ruiziana (Fee) Mull. Arg. 1-5, 9, 16, 27, 33, 35, 39

Graphis elegans (Borrer ex Sm.) Ach. 1-31, 33-40 G. scnpta (L.) Ach. 1-40

Gyalecta derivata (Nyl.) H. Olivier 7, 14, 20-22, 24, 33, 35, 37

G. flotowii Kbrber 3, 4, 6, 8, 20, 22 G. jenensis (Batsch) Zahlbr. 1-3, 5-31, 33-39 G. tnmncigena (Ach.) Hepp 1-12, 14, 20-22, 24, 26, 30,

33, 35, 38, 39

Gyalideafritzei (Stein) V6zda 39 G. hyalinescens (Nyl.) Vezda 3, 16

Gyalideopsis anastomosans P. James & Vezda 9, 12, 29, 33, 35, 38-40

G. muscicola P. James & Vezda 2, 33, 40

G. scotica P. James 35

Haematomma leprarioides (Vainio) Vainio 2, 3 H. ochroleucum (Necker) Laundon 1-3, 10-12, 16, 19

22, 27-29, 33-35, 38-40 [10j

Halecania raffsii (Salwey) M. Mayrh. 1, 3, 6, 16, 21, 34 H. spodomela (Nyl.) M. Mayrh. 16, 21 H. viridescens Coppins & P. James 33

Herteliana taylorii (Salwey) P. James 1-4, 6, 16, 20, 27, 34,

35, 38

Heterodermia leucomelos (L.) Poelt 1, 3, 5, 21 H. obscurata (Nyl.) Trevisan 1-4, 8, 14, 16, 21, 25, 29,

30, 33, 39

Hymenelia lacustris (With.) M. Choisy 1-3, 6-9, 14, 16, 19-21, 26-31, 33-40

H. prevostii (Duby) Krempelh. 27, 28, 33, 3, 39


Hyperphyscia adglutinata (Fl6rke) Mayrh. & Poelt 1-16, 18-23, 25-30, 33-39

Hypocenomyce caradocensis (Leighton ex Nyl.) P. James & G. Schneider 9, 10, 20, 39

H. scalaris (Ach. ex Lilj.) M. Choisy 3, 6, 12, 14, 18, 20, 21, 33, 36, 38

Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. 1-40 H. tubulosa (Schaerer) Havaas 1-31, 33-40

Icmadophila ericetornm (L.) Zahlbr. 1-3, 7-9, 12, 16, 18, 20, 21, 25, 27-29, 33-35, 39

Imshaugia aleurites (Ach.) S. Meyer 1, 39

Ionaspis epulotica (Ach.) Arnold 1, 6, 9, 16, 20, 28, 39

Japewia carrollii (Coppins & P. James) Tonsb. 1-5, 7-9, 15-18, 20, 24-29, 33-36, 40

Julella sericea (Massal.) Coppins 3

Lasalliapustulata (L.) M$rat 1-3, 16, 20, 39

*Lauderlinsaya chlorococca (Leighton) Diedenrch & Serusiaux 29, 33, 35

Lecanactis abietina (Ach.) K6rber 1-4, 6, 13, 18, 20, 21, 27, 28, 33, 35, 36, 38-40

L. amylacea (Ehrh. ex Pers.) Arnold 33, 40 L. lyncea (Sm.) Fr. 14, 33 L. premnea (Ach.) Arnold 1-3, 5-9, 11-16, 18-21, 28,

33, 35, 38-40 L. subabietina Coppins & P. James 1, 2, 16, 33, 38

Lecania aipospila (Wahlenb.) Th. Fr. 1, 3, 4, 9, 16, 21, 27, 28, 34, 35, 39

L. atrynioides Knowles 3, 4, 9, 21, 38 L. baeomma (Nyl.) P. James & Laundon 1, 3, 4, 7-10, 16,

22, 28, 39 L. chlorotiza (Nyl.) P. James 38 L. cuprea (Massal.) v.d. Boom & Coppins 2, 3, 7, 9-11,

14-19, 23-30, 33, 35, 37, 39 L. cyrtella (Ach.) Th. Fr. 2-14, 16-23, 25-29, 33, 35, 39 L. cyrtellina (Nyl.) Sandst. 33, 37 L. erysibe (Ach.) Mudd 1-9, 11-29, 33-35, 37-39 [11] L. hutchitnsiae (Nyl.) A.L. Sm. 1, 3-6, 8, 9, 16, 18, 21, 22,

33 L. rabenhorstii (Hepp) Amold 35 L. sylvestris (Arnold) Amold 39 L. turicensis (Hepp) Mull. Arg. 2, 4, 7, 16, 19, 20, 27, 39

Lecanora actophila Wedd. 1, 3, 9, 12, 16, 21, 22, 27, 28, 31, 34, 35, 38, 39

L. agardhiana Ach. 21, 32, 39 L. aitema (Ach.) Hepp 2, 15, 18, 27, 34, 35, 39 L. albescens (Hoffm.) Branth & Rostrup 1-40 L. alboflavida Taylor 2 L. andrewii B. de Lesd. 1, 3, 16, 20 L. argentata (Ach.) Malme 9, 17, 24, 25, 36, 39 L. campestris (Schaerer) Hue 1-40 L. carpinea (L.) Vainio 1-16, 18-40 L. cenisia Ach. 2, 4, 6, 12, 20, 21, 27, 38, 39 L. chlarotera Nyl. 1-40 L. conferta (Duby ex Fr.) Grognot 21, 36

L. confusa Almb. 1, 3-14, 16, 18-21, 25, 27-29, 33-35, 38-40

L. congesta Clauz. & Vzda 38 L. conizaeoides Nyl. ex Crombie 4-6, 8, 10-14, 16,

18-22, 29, 33, 35-39 L. crenulata Hooker 1, 2, 6-9, 11, 14-17, 20-23, 25-30,

32-39 L. dispersa (L.) Sommerf. 1-40 L. epanora (Ach.) Ach. 1, 3, 12, 20, 21, 35 L. epibryon (Ach.) Ach. 39 L. expallens Ach. 1-14, 16-31, 33-36, 38-40 L. farinania Borrer 29, 33, 35, 36, 38-40 L. fugiens Nyl. 1, 3, 5, 6, 9, 12, 16, 21, 27-29, 38, 39 L. gangaleoides Nyl. 1-3, 5, 6, 9-13, 16, 17, 20, 21, 27,

28, 31, 34, 35, 38-40 L. helicopis (Wahlenb.) Ach. 1, 3, 4-6, 8, 9, 12, 16, 17,

20-22, 27, 28, 31, 34, 35, 38-40 L. horiza (Ach.) Lindsay 2, 33 L. intricata (Ach.) Ach. 1-3, 5-8, 12, 16, 20, 21, 23,

27-29, 31, 34-40 L. intumescens (Rebent.) Rabenh. 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 13, 18, 27,

28, 34 L. jamesii Laundon 1-4, 6-9, 16, 18, 24, 25, 27-30,

33-35, 38-40 L. laevis Poelt 25, 28, 37 L. muralis (Schreber) Rabenh. 1-9, 11-22, 24-31, 33

36, 38-40 L. navarrensis Etayo 33 L. orosthea (Ach.) Ach. 1-3, 6, 7, 10, 16, 20, 21, 34, 35,

38, 39 L. pallida (Schreber) Rabenh. 1-10, 14-16, 18-21, 25,

27, 29-31, 33-38, 40 L. persimilis (Th. Fr.) Nyl. 14, 33, 38 L. piniperda Kdrber 1, 8, 16, 18, 20, 29 L. poliophaea (Wahlenb.) Ach. 1, 3, 6, 9, 16, 27, 34, 35,

38, 39 L. polytropa (Hoffim.) Rabenh. 1-14, 16-22, 27-31,

33-40 L. praepostera Nyl. 3 L. pulicaris (Pers.) Ach. 18, 20, 22, 26, 28, 33, 34, 38, 40 L. rugosella Zahlbr. 36 L. rupicola (L.) Zahlbr. 1-6, 8-14, 16, 17, 19-23, 27-31,

33-36, 38-40 L. saligna (Schrader) Zahlbr. 12, 21, 33, 34, 36, 39 L. sambuci (Pers.) Nyl. 1, 7, 9-12, 14, 18, 21, 28, 33, 37,

38 L. soralffera (Suza) Risanen 1-3, 6, 7, 9-14, 16, 19-22,

27, 31, 34, 37-39

L. stenotropa Nyl. 28 L. subcarnea (Lllj.) Ach. 2, 6, 16 L. sulphurea (Hoffim.) Ach. 1-9, 11-14, 16, 17, 19-21,

23, 26-31, 34, 35, 38-40 L. symmicta (Ach.) Ach. 1, 3-14, 16, 18-21, 23, 26-33,

35-39 L. tenera (Nyl.) Crombie 1, 3, 9, 12, 16, 27, 34, 35 L. varia (Hoffin.) Ach. 1-24, 26-36, 38-40

Lecidea advertens Nyl. 27 L. ahlesii (Kbrber) Nyl. 1, 3, 6, 16 L. auriculata Th. Fr. 1, 12, 19, 25, 27, 28, 37-40

L. caesioatra Schaerer 16 L. confluens (Weber) Ach. 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 16, 17, 20, 21,

27, 29, 32, 33, 35, 36, 38-40 L. diducens Nyl. 1, 9, 16, 27, 35, 38 L. dolifformis Coppins & P. James 39, 40 L. erythrophaea Fl6rke 33

185


L. Juliginosa Taylor 1, 3, 16, 39 L. fuscoatra (L.) Ach. 1-4, 6, 7, 11-14, 16, 18-21,

27-29, 33-39 L. hypnorum Lib. 1-3, 9, 14, 16, 20, 28, 33, 35, 37, 39

L. lactea Flbrke ex Schaerer 1-3, 8, 9, 16, 20, 21, 27, 35-939

L. lapicida (Ach.) Ach. 1, 6, 14, 20, 27, 29, 35, 38, 39 L. limosa Ach. 31 L. lithophila (Ach.) Ach. 1-3, 5-8, 11, 13, 14, 16, 18, 20,

21, 27, 29-40 L. matildae Magnusson 20 L. phaeops Nyl. 1-3, 16, 27, 28, 34, 35, 39 L. plana (Lahm) Nyl. 16, 35, 36, 38, 40 L. pycnocarpa (Kbrber) Ohlert 29 L. sanguineoatra auct. 3, 20, 28, 37-40 L. turgidula Fr. 1, 9

Lecidella anomaloides (Massal.) Hertel & Kilias 2, 27, 35 L. asema (Nyl.) Knoph & Hertel 1, 3-6, 9, 12, 13, 16,

17, 20, 21, 26-28, 31, 34, 35, 38, 39 L. carpathica K6rber 1, 16 L. elaeochlroma (Ach.) M. Choisy 1-40

forma soralifera (Enrchsen) D. Hawksw. 1, 3, 4, 7, 9, 12-14, 19, 20, 24, 25, 27, 29, 33, 35, 39

L. meiococca (Nyl.) Leuckert & Hertel 1, 2, 6, 16, 27, 39 L. scabra (Taylor) Hertel & Leuckert 1-9, 11-14, 16, 17,

19-21, 24, 26-29, 31-40 L. stigmatea (Ach.) Hertel & Leuckert 1, 2, 4-7, 9-14,

17-23, 25-29, 31, 33-36, 38-40 L. viridans (Flotow) Korber 1

Lecidoma demissum (Rutstr6m) G. Schneider & Hertel 20, 38

Lemmopsis arnoldiana (Hepp) Zahlbr. 29

Lempholemma botryosum (Massal.) Zahlbr. 9, 15, 26, 28, 33 L. chialazanum (Ach.) B. de Lesd. 1, 5, 25 L. cladodes (Tuck.) Zahlbr. 8, 9, 26 L. polyanthes (Bernh.) Malme 5, 9, 16, 27, 39 L. radiaturn (Sommerf) Henssen 28

Lepraria caesioalba (B. de Lesd.) Laundon 1, 6, 12, 20, 21, 31, 35, 37, 39

L. eburnea Laundon 9. 16 L. elobara Tonsb. 38, 40 L. incana (L.) Ach. 1-40 [12] L. jackii T0nsb. 33, 40 L. lesdainii (Hue) R. Hamrs 7, 11, 12, 14, 21, 23-29, 33,

35, 39, 40 L. Iobificans Nyl. 1, 2, 5-12, 14, 17, 19-23, 25-31,

33-35, 37-40 L. neglecta (Nyl.) Lettau 1-3, 6, 12, 16, 20, 34, 35, 39 L. nivalis Laundon 3. 6 9, 15, 20, 26-29, 33. 34. 39

L. ngidula (Hue) Tonsb. 33 L. umbricola Tonsb. 1, 33, 36, 39, 40

Leprocaulon microscopicum (Vill.) Gams ex D. Hawksw. 1, 3, 12, 14, 16, 20, 21, 39, 40

Leproloma d4fusum Laundon 40 L. membranaceum (Dickson) Vainio 1-3, 16, 20, 21, 27,

28, 33, 35, 39

L. vouauxii (Hue) Laundon 1, 2, 7, 9, 11, 14, 17, 19-21, 29, 31, 35, 38

186

Leproplaca chrysodeta (Vainio ex Risinen) Laundon 1, 5, 9, 12, 14-16, 18, 22, 23, 25, 26, 28, 29, 31, 33, 39, 40

L. xantholyta (Nyl.) Harm. 1, 5, 9, 15, 23, 24, 26, 28, 29, 31, 33, 38, 39

Leptogium biatorinum (Nyl.) Leighton 2, 3, 28 L. brebissonii Mont. 1-4, 12, 16 L. britannicutn P.M. Jorg. & P. James 1-4, 6, 8, 9, 11, 15,

16, 20, 21, 24, 27-29, 34, 35, 39

L. burgessii (L.) Mont. 1-4, 6, 7, 9, 16, 27, 35, 39 L. cochleatumn (Dickson) P.M. Jorg. & P. James 1-3, 9, 16,

27 L. coralloideum (Meyen & Flotow) Vainio 2 L. corniculatum (Hoffm.) Minks 16, 20, 37 L. cyanescens (Rabenh.) Kbrber 1-4, 6, 7, 9-11, 13, 16,

20, 27-29, 33, 35, 40

L. djfractum Krempelh. ex Kbrber 1, 2, 9, 15, 17, 26, 28, 33

L. gelatinosum (With.) Laundon 1-14, 16-21, 23-29, 33-37, 39. 40

L. hibernicum Mitchell ex P.M. Jorg. 1, 2, 9 L. juressianum C. Tav. 1-3 L. lichenoides (L.) Zahlbr. 1-13, 15-31, 33-40 L. massiliense Nyl. 9, 28 L. plicatile (Ach.) Leighton 1-3, 9, 13, 17, 20, 23, 27, 28,

33, 39 L. schraderi (Ach.) Nyl. 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 12-17, 19, 20, 25,

26, 28, 33, 34, 37-39 L. subtile (Schrader) Torss. 3, 16 L. tenuissimum (Dickson) Kbrber 1-5, 9, 16, 18, 21, 28,

37, 38 L. teretiusculum (Walir.) Arnold 1, 2, 7, 9, 10, 16, 18, 20,

25, 27, 29, 33, 35, 38-40

L. turgidum (Ach.) Crombie 1, 35, 39

Lichina confinis (Muller) Agardh 1, 3-6, 8, 9, 12, 16, 20-22, 27, 28, 31, 34, 35, 38-40

L. pygmaea (Lightf.) Agardh 1-6, 9, 12, 16, 20, 21, 27-29, 31, 34, 35, 38-40

Lithographa tesserata (DC.) Nyl. 16

Lobaria amplissima (Scop.) Forss. 1-3, 20, 27, 39 L. pulmonaria (L.) Hoffn. 1-7, 9, 12, 14, 16, 17, 19-21,

26-29, 33-35, 39 L. scrobiculata (Scop.) DC. 1-4, 6, 7, 10, 16, 27, 28, 33,

35, 39, 40 L. virens (With.) Laundon 1-4, 9, 14, 16, 20, 26-28, 33,

35, 39, 40

Loxospora elatinum (Ach.) Massal. 1-5, 9, 15-19, 25, 27, 28, 33, 35, 36, 39, 40

Macentina stigonemoides A. Orange 2, 9, 11, 13, 14, 17, 19, 20, 23, 26-28, 33, 35

Massalongia carnosa (Dickson) Kbrber 1, 2, 6, 7, 16, 20, 21, 27, 35, 39

Megalariagrossa (Pers. ex Nyl.) Hafellner 1-4, 6, 8, 9, 15, 26, 27, 33, 35, 39

Megalospora tuberculosa (Fee) Sipman 1-3, 16, 27, 33, 35, 39

Melaspilea amota Nyl. 2, 3


M. atroides Coppins 1, 2, 16, 35 M. diplasiospora (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. 2 M. granitophila (Th. Fr.) Coppins 38 M. ochrothalamia Nyl. 2-5, 20, 29, 33, 35, 40

Menegazzia terebrata (Hoffin.) Massal. 1-4, 6, 16, 35, 39

Micarea adnata Coppins 39 M. alabastrites (Nyl.) Coppins 1, 16, 27, 33, 35, 36, 40 M. bauschiana (Kbrber) V. Wirth & Vezda 1, 2, 9, 16, 34,

35, 38, 40 M. botryoides (Nyl.) Coppins 1, 16, 29, 33-36, 39, 40 M. cinerea (Schaerer) Hedl. 2, 6, 8-10, 14-16, 20, 24, 33,

35-37 M. coppinsii Tonsb. 29, 33, 39 M. denigrata (Fr.) Hedl. 6-11, 14, 15, 18-21, 27-29, 33,

36, 39 M. erratica (Kdrber) Hertel, Rambold & Pietschm. 4, 15,

16, 31, 33, 38-40 M. excipulata Coppins 39 M. hedlundii Coppins 16, 35, 36, 39, 40 M. incrassata Hedl. 2 M. leprosula (Th. Fr.) Coppins & A. Fletcher 3, 12, 16,

18, 20, 29, 35-40

M. lignaria (Ach.) Hedl. 1-3, 5-10, 12-22, 24-31, 33-40 var. endoleuca (Leighton) Coppins 1, 6, 16, 27, 35, 39

M. lithinella (Nyl.) Hedl. 2, 14, 16 M. lutulata (Nyl.) Coppins 16, 27, 39 M. melaena (Nyl.) HedI. 2, 21, 27, 29, 33, 35, 36, 40

M. misella (Nyl.) Hedl. 33 M. myriocarpaV Wirth & V6zda ex Coppins 2, 12, 39, 40

M. nigella Coppins 36 M. nitschkeana (Lahm ex Rabenh.) Harm. 5, 6, 8, 10,

12-14, 17-21, 25, 27, 28, 37-39 M. peliocarpa (Anzi) Coppins & R. Sant. 2, 6-10, 14,

16-20, 25, 28, 29, 33-40 M. prasina Fr. 1-3, 6, 8-14, 16-21, 25, 27-29, 33,

35-40 M. pseudomarginata Coppins 2 M. stipitata Coppins & P. James 2 M. submoestula (Nyl.) Coppins 16, 39 M. subnigrata (Nyl.) Coppins & Kilias 35 M. sylvicola (Flotow) Vezda & V. Wirth 1, 6, 10-14, 16,

18, 20, 38 M. synotheoides (Ny!.) Coppins 2, 27, 35 M. ternaria (Nyl.) Vezda 1, 16, 17, 27 M. tuberculata (Sommerf) R. Anderson 2, 16, 20

Miriquidica leucophaea (Rabenh.) Hertel & Rambold 1, 3, 16, 20, 28, 34-36, 38, 39

Moelleropsis nebulosa (Hoffm.) Gyelnik 2-4, 14, 16, 20, 27, 30, 34, 35

Mycoblastus caesius (Coppins & P. James) Tonsb. 1-4, 6, 8, 10, 16, 33-36, 39, 40

M. sanguinarius (L.) Norman 2, 6, 11, 20, 21, 35, 40

M. sterilis Coppins & P. James 1-3, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 21, 25, 33, 35-37, 39, 40

*Mycomicrothelia atlantica D. Hawksw. & Coppins 1, 2, 35 M. confusa D. Hawksw. 1-3, 16, 27, 33, 35, 39, 40 *M. wallrothii (Hepp) D. Hawksw. 33

*Mycoporum hinpocastani (DC.) Coppins 33

*M. quercus (Massal.) Mul. Arg. 1, 3, 5, 20, 33, 35, 36,

40

*var. ilicis (Riedl) Coppins 16

Nephroma laevigatum Ach. 1-4, 7-10, 16, 20, 27-29, 33-36, 39, 40

N. parile (Ach.) Ach. 1, 2, 4, 5, 9, 13, 33, 35, 39, 40

Normandinapulchella (Borrer) Nyl. 1-31, 33-40

Ochrolechia androgyna (Hoffi.) Arnold 1-31, 33-40 0. inversa (Nyl.) Laundon 1-3, 6, 12-16, 20, 27, 28, 33

0. parella (L.) Massal. 1-40 0. subvinidis (Hoeg) Erichsen 1-3, 5-7, 9, 12, 13, 15, 16,

18, 20, 23, 25, 29, 30, 33, 36, 38, 39

0. szatalaensis Vers. 2-4, 9, 12, 15, 20, 21, 25, 34, 35

113] 0. tartarea (L.) Massal. 1-10, 12, 15, 16, 18-21, 24,

26-29, 31, 33-36, 38, 39

0. turveri (Sm.) Hasselrot 1-3, 5-7, 9, 11-14, 16, 20-22, 25, 27, 28, 31, 33, 35, 36, 39, 40

Omphalina enicetonim (Fr.) M. Lange ex H. Bigelow 1-3, 11, 12, 16, 18, 20-22, 25, 27-30, 33-37, 39 [14]

0. hudsoniana Jennings) H. Bigelow 1-8, 15, 16, 20, 21, 27-29, 34-39 [15]

0. luteovitellina (Piit & Nannf.) M. Lange 9, 16, 27, 34 0. pararustica Clemenon 34 0. pseudoandrosacea (Bull.) Moser 27, 35

Opegrapha areniseda Nyl. 16, 27, 33 0. atra Pers. 1-40

0. cesareensis Nyl. 1, 3, 9, 16, 21, 27, 34, 35, 39

0. corticola Coppins & P. James 3-5, 9, 33, 39 0. fumosa Coppins & P. James 2

0. gyrocarpa Flotow 1-3, 5, 6, 9, 11, 12, 16, 20, 21, 26,

27, 33-40 0. herbarum Mont. 1-16, 18-20, 22-25, 27-29, 31,

33-40 0. lithyrga Ach. 1, 2, 11, 16, 27, 38 0. mougeotii Massal. 2, 3, 7, 9, 14, 15, 19, 23, 27, 28, 33,

39

0. multipuncta Coppins & P. James 25, 33, 36, 38-40 0. niveoatra (Borrer) Laundon 1-5, 7, 9, 11-14, 16,

18-21, 24, 25, 27, 28, 33, 35, 38-40

0. ochrocheila Nyl. 1-4, 12, 16 30, 33, 35, 36, 38-40 0. paraxanthodes Nyl. 16 0. prosodea Ach. 2 0. rnfescens Pers. 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 14, 16, 18-20, 23-25,

28, 30, 33, 35, 37-39

0. saxatilis auct. 1-6, 8-23, 25-39 [16] 0. saxicola auct. 1-5, 9, 16, 17, 21, 27, 28, 33-35,

37-40 0. saxigena Taylor 1, 2, 16, 21, 27, 34, 35, 39 0. soredijfrra P. James 1-5, 16, 20, 25, 28, 29, 33, 36-40 0. varia Pers. 1-14, 16, 18-25, 27-31, 33-40 0. vermicell!fera (Kunze) Laundon 1, 2, 14, 20, 27, 33,

35-40 0. vinidis (Ach.) Nyl. 1-5, 9, 16, 37 0. vulgata (Ach.) Ach. 1-14, 16-40

Ophioparma ventosum (L.) Norman 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 21, 34, 35, 37-40

Orphniospora moniopsis (Massal.) D. Hawksw. 21

187


pachyphiale cakneola (Ach.) Arnold 1-3, 9, 14, 16, 20, 33,

35

Pannaria conoplea (Ach.) Bory 1-4, 9, 10, 14, 16, 20, 25-29, 33, 35, 39, 40

P. leucophaea (Vahl) P.M. Jorg. 1-3, 8, 9, 16, 27, 34, 35, 39

P. mediterranea C. Tav. 2 P. pezizoides (Weber) Trevisan 1-5, 7, 16, 20, 27, 28,

33-35, 38-40 P rubiginosa (Ach.) Bory 1-4, 9, 10, 16, 25-29, 33-35,

39 P sampaiana C. Tav. 1-3

Parmelia arnoldii Du Rietz 1-3, 16, 27, 33 P borreri (Sm.) Turner 1, 3, 4, 9, 13, 16, 18, 20, 24, 25,

28, 33, 39 P. britannica D. Hawksw. & P. James 1-3, 16, 27, 38 P caperata (L.) Ach. 1-40 P conspersa (Ehrh. ex Ach.) Ach. 1-4, 6, 7, 9, 11-14, 16,

17, 19-21, 26, 27, 29-31, 34, 35, 37-39 P crinitaAch. 1-3, 6-10, 12-14, 16, 18, 20-23, 26-30,

33-40 P delisei (Duby) Nyl. 3, 6, 8, 13, 16, 20, 21, 27 P discordans Nyl. 1, 6, 11-13, 20, 21, 27, 29, 33-35, 38 P. disjuncta Erichsen 38 P. elegantula (Zahlbr.) Szat. 16 P endochlora Leighton 1-3, 5, 6, 16 P exasperata de Not. 1-40 P. exasperatula Nyl. 13, 16, 20, 21, 26, 28, 33, 38, 39 P. glabratula (Lamy) Nyl. 1-31, 33-40

ssp. fuliginosa (Fr. ex Duby) Laundon 1-14, 16-22, 26-31, 33-36, 38-40

R horrescens Taylor 1 P incurva (Pers.) Fr. 1, 2, 20, 21, 39 P. laevigata (Sm.) Ach. t-8, 10-14, 16, 17, 20-22, 24,

26-30, 33-36, 38-40 P loxodes Nyl. 1, 3, 6-8, 10, 12, 13, 16, 19-21, 27, 38,

39 P mougeotii Schaerer ex D. Dietr. 1-3, 6, 11-14, 16,

19-21, 24, 27, 29, 31, 34-36, 38 P. omphalodes (L.) Ach. 1-4, 6-13, 16, 19-21, 26-31,

33-40 P pastill{fira (Harm.) R. Schubert & Klem. 4, 11-13, 15,

18-20, 39 P periata (Huds.) Ach. 1-40 P pulla Ach. 3, 6, 8, 9, 12, 16, 20, 21, 27-29, 35, 38-40

P reddenda Stirton 1, 3, 9, 12, 20, 24, 27-29, 33, 35 P. reticulata Taylor 1-6, 9, 12, 14-16, 24, 25, 28, 30, 33,

38, 39 P revoluta Flbrke 1-31, 33-40 P robusta Degel. 1, 3 P saxatilis (L.) Ach. 1-40 P sinuosa (Sm.) Ach. 1-5, 14, 16, 20, 24, 25, 27-30, 33,

35, 36, 39, 40

P soredians Nyl. 1-3, 31, 33 P subaurnfera Nyl. 1-31, 33-40 P. subrudecta Nyl. 1-40 P. sulcata Taylor 1-40 P taylorensis Mitchell 1-4, 6, 16, 39 P tiliacea (Hoffm.) Ach. 1-5, 10, 12, 14, 16, 17, 19, 20 P verruculjfera Nyl. 1, 3, 12, 16, 20, 27, 35, 38, 39

Parmeliellajamesii S. Ahlner & P.M. Jorg. 1-4, 10, 20, 27, 28, 33, 35, 36, 40

P testacea P.M. Jorg. 1-4, 39

188

P. triptophyIla (Ach.) Miill. Arg. 1-6, 9, 16, 20, 27, 28, 33, 35, 38-40

Parrmeliopsis ambigua (Wulfen) Nyl. 39 P hyperopta (Ach.) Arnold 33

Parmentaria chilensis F$e 1, 2, 16

Peltigera britannica (Gyeinik) Holt.-Hartw. & Tonsb. 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 16, 20, 21, 29, 33, 38-40 [171

P canina (L.) Willd. 1, 6, 9, 13, 28, 33-35, 38, 40 P collina (Ach.) Schrader 1-4, 7, 16, 20, 25, 28, 33, 35,

39, 40 P degenii Gyelnik 2, 40 P didactyla (With.) Laundon 1, 7, 9, 11-16, 19-21,

23-25, 27, 34-36, 39, 40 P honizontalis (Huds.) Bauing. 1-14, 16, 19-21, 23-35,

38-40 P lactucifolia (With.) Laundon 1-14, 16, 18-30, 33-40 P leucophlebia (Nyl.) Gyelnik 8, 9, 14, 16, 28, 29, 33, 39

r18] P malacea (Ach.) Funck 3 P. membranacea (Ach.) Nyl. 1-31, 33-40 P neckeri Hepp ex Miill. Arg. 12, 14, 20, 27 P polydactyla (Necker) Hoffm. 2, 19, 35 P. praetextata (Flbrke ex Sommerf.) Zopf 1-14, 16, 17,

19-21, 23-30, 33-36, 38-40 P. rufescens (Weiss) Humb. 1-3, 6-14, 16, 18-30, 33-36,

38-40 P venosa (L.) Hoffm. 27, 39

Pertusaria albescens (Huds.) M. Choisy & Werner 1-40 var. corallina (Zahlbr.) Laundon 1-14, 16, 18-26, 29, 33, 35, 37-40

P. amara (Ach.) Nyl. 1-31, 33-40 forma pulvinata (Erichsen) Almb. 5

P amarescens Nyl. 39 P aspergilla (Ach.) Laundon 1-3, 6, 9-11, 16, 20, 21, 27,

28, 35-40 P chiodectonoides Bagl. ex Massal. 16, 27, 39 P coccodes (Ach.) Nyl. 1-3, 7, 14, 16, 18-20, 23-25, 33,

37, 38 P corallina (L.) Arnold 1-14, 16-22, 24, 26-31, 33-40 P. excludens Nyl. 1, 2, 16, 27, 34, 35, 39 P flavicans Lamy 1-3, 16, 17, 20, 21, 26-28, 33-35, 39

P flavida (DC.) Laundon 2, 16, 38, 39

P hemisphaerica (Florke) Enrchsen 1, 2, 14, 16, 18, 20, 25,

28, 33, 39, 40 P. hymenea (Ach.) Schaerer 1-16, 18-31, 33-36, 38-40

P, actea (L.) Arnold 1-4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 21, 26, 27,

33-35, 37-39 P /actescens Mudd 3, 16, 27 P Ieioplaca DC. 1-40 P monogona Nyl. 2, 3, 27

P multipuncta (Turner) Nyl. 1-4, 6, 7, 16, 20, 23, 28, 33,

35, 38, 39 P. ophthalmiza (Nyl.) Nyl. 2 P. panyrga auct. 3

R pertusa (Weigel) Tuck. 1-40 P polythecia (Taylor) Enrchsen 1 P pseudocorallina (Lilj.) Arnold 1-9, 12, 13, 16, 17,

20-23, 26-31, 34-40 P pupilladis (Nyl.) Th. Fr. 16, 20, 33, 35, 39, 40 P pustulata (Ach.) Duby 3, 4, 6, 11, 27, 38, 39 P velata (Turner) Nyl. 1-3, 5, 6, 12, 16, 20, 39

Petractis clausa (Hoffm.) Krempelh. 1, 2, 5, 7-9, 14-16, 18, 26-29, 33-37, 39


Phaeographisdendritica (Ach.) Mull. Arg. 2, 3, 5, 9, 12, 21, 24, 29, 33, 38 [18]

P lyellii (Sm.) Zahlbr. 1-6 P. smithii (Leighton) B. de Lesd. 1-40

Phaeophyscia nigricans (Flbrke) Moberg 11, 13, 16, 19, 21, 39

P. orbicularis (Necker) Moberg 1-31, 33-40 P sciastra (Ach.) Moberg 16, 27, 35

Phlyctis agelaea (Ach.) Flotow 1-5, 9, 11, 14, 15, 18, 19, 23-25, 27, 29, 30, 33-35, 39, 40

P. argena (Sprengel) Flotow 1-14, 17-25, 27-40

Phyllopsora rosei Coppins & P. James 1, 2, 20, 33, 38

Physcia adscendens (Fr.) H. Olivier 1-31, 33-40 P. aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) Fiirnrohr 1-40 P caesia (Hoffin.) Fiirnrohr 1-4, 6-33, 35-40 P. clementei (Sm.) Maas Geest. 1-10, 14-16, 19, 25, 33

[18] P dubia (Hoffin.) Lettau 1, 6, 19, 21, 30, 36 P semipinnata (Gmelin) Moberg 1-14, 16, 18, 20-25,

27-29, 33-35, 38, 39 P stellaris (L.) Nyl. 2, 3, 5, 7, 11-14, 16, 19-22, 25, 27,

28, 32, 33, 35, 38, 39 P tenella (Scop.) DC. 1-40

ssp. marina (A.E. Nyl.) D. Hawksw. 4, 5, 9, 16, 21, 34, 39

P tribacia (Ach.) Nyl. 1, 3-6, 9-13, 16, 18, 20, 24, 25, 28, 30, 34, 39, 40 [18]

P tribacioides Nyl. 1, 3, 21

Physconia distorta (With.) Laundon 1-40 P enteroxantha (Nyl.) Poelt 7, 10-15, 18-21, 25, 33, 34,

38, 39

P grisea (Lam.) Poelt 3, 4, 6-14, 18-21, 29, 31, 33-37, 39, 40

P perisidiosa (Enrchsen) Moberg 13, 14, 19, 25, 33

Pilophorus strumaticus Nyl. ex Crombie 1, 2, 16, 20, 27, 35, 38, 39

Placidiopsis cartilaginea (Nyl.) Vainio 27, 28

Placopsis gelida (L.) Lindsay 1-4, 6, 16, 20, 27, 28, 31, 34-39

P. lambii Hertel & V. Wirth 20, 29, 39

Placynthiella icmalea (Ach.) Coppins & P. James 6, 9, 10, 12-16, 20-22, 27-29, 33-36, 38-40

P oligotropha (Laundon) Coppins & P. James 9, 21 P uliginosa (Schrader) Coppins & P. James 1-14, 16,

18-21, 23-25, 27-29, 31, 33-40

Placynthium garovaglii (Massal.) Malme 39 P nignum (Huds.) Gray 1-31, 33-40 P pluriseptatum (Arnold) Arnold 16 P subradiatum (Nyl.) Arnold 2, 9, 15, 16, 26, 28, 29, 39 P tantaleum (Hepp) Hue 2, 39 P tremniacum (Massal.) Jatta 9, 15

Platismatiaglauca (L.) Culb. & C. Culb. 1-4, 6-12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 21, 26-31, 33-40

Poeltinula cerebrina (DC.) Hafellner 28

Polyblastia agraria Th. Fr. 38 P. albida Arnold 9, 15, 16, 28, 35, 39 P. cruenta (Krber) P. James & Swinscow 6, 16, 20, 35 P cupularis Massal. 16, 27, 34 P. deminuta Arnold 9, 14-16, 23, 26-29, 39 P dermatodes Massal. 6, 8, 9, 15-18, 21, 28, 39 P efflorescens Coppins 35 P gelatinosa (Ach.) Th. Fr. 3, 7, 9, 14, 16, 23, 27, 28, 35 P melaspora (Taylor) Zahlbr. 1, 16, 27, 35 P. terrestris Th. Fr. 16 P theleodes (Sommerf.) Th. Fr. 1, 2, 16, 20, 27, 29, 35, 39

Polychidium dendrtiscum (Nyl.) Henssen 1-4 P muscicola (Swartz) Gray 1-4, 16, 20, 21, 27, 31, 34, 35,

39

Polysporina lapponica (Schaerer) Degel. 39 P simplex (Davies) Wzda 1, 3, 5, 7, 12-14, 16, 19, 20,

21, 35, 38

Porina aenea (Wallr.) Zahlbr. 1-7, 9-16, 18-29, 32-40 P ahlesiana (Kdrber) Zahlbr. 1-3, 16, 19, 20 P borreri (Trevisan) D. Hawksw. & P. James 1-5, 7, 9,

11, 12, 15, 16, 20-22, 27, 33, 37-40 var. leptospora (Nyl.) D. Hawksw. 1

P byssophila (Kdrber ex Hepp) Zahlbr. 9, 23 P chlorotica (Ach.) Mull. Arg. 1-16, 18-22, 24, 25,

27-31, 33-40 forma tenuifera (Nyl.) Swinscow 3, 16

P curnowii A.L. Sm. 2, 3, 27

P. ginzbergeni Zahlbr. 9 P guentheni (Flotow) Zahlbr. 2, 3, 26

var. lucens (Taylor) Swinscow 1-3, 6, 16, 27 P heterospora (Fink) R. Harris 2 P lectissima (Fr.) Zahlbr. 1-4, 6, 8, 14, 16, 20, 21, 27, 31,

34, 35, 38-40 P. leptalea (Dunreu & Mont.) A.L. Sm. 1-9, 12, 13, 16,

18, 20, 27, 33, 39, 40 P. linearis (Leighton) Zahlbr. 2, 7-9, 11, 14-18, 21,

23-26, 28-30, 33, 35, 39

P mammillosa (Th. Fr.) Vainio 9, 16, 27

Porocyphus coccodes (Flotow) K6rber 2, 3 P kenmorensis (Holl ex Nyl.) Henssen 2, 16 P leptogiella (Nyl.) L.T. Ellis 16

Porpidia cinereoatra (Ach.) Hertel & Knoph 1-4, 6-14, 16, 17, 19-21, 23, 24, 26, 27-40

P. crustulata (Ach.) Hertel & Knoph 1-16, 20-25, 27-36, 38-40

P. flavocaerulescens (Hornem.) Hertel & Schwab 2, 9, 16, 27

P glaucophaea (Korber) Hertel & Knoph 2 P. hydrophila (Fr.) Hertel & Schwab 1, 6-8, 16, 20, 21,

27, 34, 35, 38 P macrocarpa (DC.) Hertel & Schwab 1-14, 16-21, 24,

26-40 P platycarpoides (Bagl.) Hertel 1-3, 6, 9, 16, 19, 27,

33-35, 38, 39 P soredizodes (Lamy ex Nyl.) Laundon 2, 9, 33, 35,

38-40 P speirea (Ach.) Krempelh. 1, 3, 6, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16, 19,

20, 23, 27, 29, 30, 33, 38

P tuberculosa (Sm.) Hertel & Knoph 1-14, 16-40

189


Protoblasteniacalva (Dickson) Zahlbr. 1, 2, 4, 8, 9, 14-21, 23, 26-29, 33-35, 37-39

P incrustans (DC.) Steiner 2, 7-9, 11, 14-17, 19-21, 26, 28, 33-35, 37, 39

P. rupestris (Scop.) Steiner 1-40

Protoparmelia badia (Hoffin.) Hafellner 1, 3, 6, 7, 11-13, 16, 19, 20, 22, 34-39

P montagnei (Fr.) Poelt & Nimis 20

Protothelenella corrosa (Kbrber) Mayrh. & Poelt 20, 38

Pseudephebepubescens (L.) M. Choisy 1, 2, 6, 12, 13, 16, 20, 33, 35, 38, 39

Pseudeverniafurfuracea (L.) Zopf 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18-22, 28-31, 33, 36-40 [19]

Pseudocyphellaria aurata (Ach.) Vainio 2, 3 P crocata (L.) Vainio 1-3, 20, 21, 39 R intricata (Del.) Vainio 1-3, 6, 13, 16, 19, 39 R lacerata Degel. 2 P. norvegica (Gyelnik) P. James 1-3, 13, 16, 35

Psilolechia clavul4fera (Nyl.) Coppins 16, 20, 40 P leprosa Coppins & Purvis 2, 20 P lucida (Ach.) M. Choisy 1-3, 6, 7, 12-14, 16, 20-22,

27, 28, 31, 33, 35-40

Psora lurida (Ach.) DC. 3, 9, 15-17, 21, 26-28, 33, 39

Psoroma hypnorum (Vahl) Gray 1, 2, 16, 27, 28, 39

Psorotichia pyrenopsoides (Nyl.) Forss. 1 P schaereri (Massal.) Arnold 7-9, 14-16, 27-29

Pterygiopsis coracodiza (Nyl.) Henssen 35 P lacustris PM. Jorg. & R. Sant. 35

Pycnothelia papillaria Dufour 1-3, 5-7, 9, 16, 20, 21, 26-29, 34-36, 39

Pyrenocollema caesium (Nyl.) R. Hamrs 9 P elegans R. Sant. 1, 4, 16 P halodytes (Nyl.) R. Harris 1, 3-6, 9, 12, 16, 20, 21, 27,

28, 31, 34, 35, 38-40 P saxicola (Massal.) Coppins 2, 3, 9, 14, 15, 16, 21, 23,

28, 29, 33, 39 P. sublitorale (Leighton) R. Harris 1, 38, 39

Pyrenopsis subareolata Nyl. 2

Pyrenula chlorospila Arnold 1-4, 6, 7, 9-12, 14, 16-31, 33-35, 38-40

P dernatodes (Borrer) Schaerer 1-3, 16, 25, 27, 35, 38 P laevigata (Pers.) Arnold 1-3, 9, 33 PI macrospora (Degel.) Coppirs & P. James 1-4, 6, 7,

9-14, 16-31, 33-35, 37-40 P. occidentalis (R. Harris) R. Harris 1-4, 16, 33, 35, 39

Pyrrhospora quernea (Dickson) Kbrber 1-9, 11-14, 17-23, 27-30, 33, 35-40

Racodium rupestre Pers. 1, 6, 16, 20, 27, 33-35, 39, 40

Ramalina calicaris (L.) FIr. 1-16, 18-25, 27-36

190

R. canariensis Steiner 1-16, 18-31, 33, 35-40 R. chondrina Steiner 1, 2 R. cuspidata (Ach.) Nyl. 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 16, 20-22, 27, 28,

34, 35, 38 R. farinacea (L.) Ach. 1-40 R. fastigiata (Pers.) Ach. 1-40 R. fraxinea (L.) Ach. 2-15, 17-31, 33-40 R. lacera (With.) Laundon 3, 5-19, 21-29, 31, 33, 36,

38, 39 R. polymorpha (Lilj.) Ach. 5, 16, 38, 39 R. portuensis G. Samp. 1 R. siliquosa (Huds.) A.L. Sm. 1, 3-9, 11, 12, 16, 17,

20-23, 27, 28, 31, 34-36, 38-40 R. subfarinacea (Nyl. ex Crombie) Nyl. 1-9, 12, 13, 16,

17, 20, 21, 27-30, 34, 35, 38, 39 Ramonia chrysophaea (Pers.) Vezda 2

Rhaphidicyrtis trichosporella (Nyl.) Vainio 33, 36, 39, 40

*Rhizocarpon advenulum (Leighton) Hafellner & Poelt 16, 27

R. badioatrum (Flbrke ex Sprengel) Th. Fr. 2, 20, 21, 31 R. concentricum (Davies) Beltr. 1-13, 16, 18-21, 27, 28,

30-40 R. distinctun Th. Fr. 6, 35, 40 R. geminatum Kbrber 38 R. geographicum (L.) DC. 1-4, 6-22, 25-40 [20] R. hochstetteri (Kbrber) Vainio 1-5, 7, 9, 12, 16, 20, 21,

26-30, 34-36, 38-40 R. lavatum (Fr.) Hazsl. 1, 2, 4, 20, 27, 33-35, 38, 39 R. lecanorinum Anders 16, 20, 35 R. obscuratum (Ach.) Massal. 1-14, 16-22, 24-40 R. oeded (Weber) K6rber 2, 3, 16, 20, 27-29, 34, 35,

38-40 R. richardii (Nyl.) Zahlbr. 1, 3, 4-7, 9, 12, 16, 17, 19-22,

27, 28, 31, 34, 35, 38, 39 R. umbilicatum (Ramond) Flagey 1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 12, 13, 16,

18, 19, 21, 22, 25, 27-30, 33, 38, 39 R. viridiatrum (Wulfen) K6rber 1-3, 27-29, 34, 38, 39

Rimularia badioatra (Krempelh.) Hertel & Rambold 29, 35 R. furvella (Nyl. ex Mudd) Hertel & Rambold 34-36, 38 R. limborina Nyl. 1

Rinodina atrocinerea (Hook.) Kdrber 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 16, 17, 19-21, 27, 28, 34, 35, 38

R. biloculata (Nyl.) Sheard 3, 9, 16, 20 R. bischoffii (Hepp) Massal. 5, 21 R. confragosa (Ach.) Kbrber 3, 16, 21, 27, 38 R. conradii Kdrber 27 R. efflorescens Malme 20, 33, 40 R. exigua Gray 4, 9, 12, 13, 16-18, 20, 21, 23, 27 R. gennarii Bagl. 1-14, 16-24, 27-29, 31-35, 37-39 R. griseosoral/fera Coppins 2 R. isidioides (Borrer) H. Olivier 2, 3, 5 R. lecideina Mayrh. & Poelt 1, 35, 39 R. lutidescens (Anzi) Arnold 1, 3, 4, 9, 16, 27, 35, 40 R. occulta (Kbrber) Sheard 16 R. orculariopsis Mayrh. 20, 34, 40 R. oxydata (Massal.) Massal. 1, 4, 16, 21, 38 R. roboris (Dufour ex Nyl.) Arnold 1, 3-6, 14, 16, 18, 19,

33 R. sophodes (Ach.) Massal. 1-4, 7, 9, 11-14, 16, 18-21,

23, 27, 28, 33, 35, 38, 39

R. subglaucescens (Nyl.) Sheard 1, 3, 16, 27 R. teichophila (Nyl.) Arnold 1, 16, 20, 33, 38, 39


Sarcogyne clavus (DC.) Krempelh. 29 S. privigna (Ach.) Massal. 13, 20, 21, 35 S. regularis Kbrber 3-7, 9-14, 16-23, 25, 27-29, 33,

35-40

Sarcopyreniagibba (Nyl.) Nyl. 21

Sarcosagium campestre (Fr.) Poetsch & Schied. 38

Schaereria cinereorufa (Schaerer) Th. Fr. 2, 35 S. fuscocinerea (Nyl.) Clauz. & Roux 1-4, 9, 16, 20, 21,

27, 34, 35, 37, 38

Schismatomma cretaceum (Hue) Laundon 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11-14, 18-20, 22-24, 27, 28, 30, 33, 37, 38

S. decolorans (Turner & Borrer ex Sm.) Clauz. & Vezda 5, 7-14, 16, 18-22, 24-26, 28, 30, 31, 33, 36-40

S. graphidioides (Leighton) Zahlbr. 21 S. niveum D. Hawksw. & P. James 2, 3, 33, 35

S. quercicola Coppins & P. James 2, 3, 33, 36, 38-40 S. umbrinum (Coppins & P. James) P.M. Jorg. & Tonsb. 2

Scierophyton circumscriptum (Taylor) Zahlbr. 1-3, 5, 6, 9, 12, 16, 20, 21, 27, 34, 35, 39

Scoliciosporum chlorococcum (Graewe ex Stenhammar) Vezda 6, 7, 9-14, 16, 18-22, 25, 27, 28, 31, 33-37, 39

S. curvatum S6rusiaux 38 S. pruinosum (P. James) V6zda 6, 20, 24 S. umbrinum (Ach.) Arnold 1-10, 12-22, 25-30, 32-40

Solenopsora candicans (Dickson) Steiner 7, 9, 14, 23, 28, 33, 39

S. holophaea (Mont.) G. Samp. 1, 3, 5, 9, 16, 20, 21, 27,

38, 39 S. vulturiensis Massal. I, 3-6, 12, 16, 20, 21, 27, 28, 39

Solorina crocea (L.) Ach. 1 S. saccata (L.) Ach. 1, 9, 15, 16, 20, 25-30, 34, 35, 38, 39

S. spongiosa (Ach.) Anzi 28, 39

Sphaerophorusfragilis (L.) Pers. 2, 3, 6, 12, 13, 16, 20, 21, 27, 33-36, 39

S. globosus (Huds.) Vainio 1-4, 6-8, 11-13, 16, 19-21, 25-30, 33-36, 38-40

S. melanocarpus (Swartz) DC. 1-3, 6-8, 16, 20, 27-29, 33-36, 38-40

Spilonema paradoxum Bornet 2, 16, 20 S. revertens Nyl. 1, 19

Squamarina cartilaginea (With.) P James 1, 2, 8, 9, 12, 15-17, 20-22, 25, 26, 28-30, 35

Staurothele bacilligera (Arnold) Arnold 9 S. caesia (Arnold) Arnold 9, 15, 27, 28, 33, 39 S.flssa (Taylor) Zwackh 1, 2, 4, 6, 16, 19-21, 27-31,

33, 35, 38 S. guestphalica (Lahm ex Kdrber) Arnold 9, 14 S. hymenogonia (Nyl.) Th. Fr. 5, 13. 39 S. rnpfraga (Massal.) Arnold 2, 9, 11, 14-16, 19, 23,

26-29, 39

Steinia geophana (Nyl.) B. Stein 39

*Stenocybe bryophila W. Watson 2 *S. pullatula (Ach.) B. Stein 1-5, 7, 9, 16, 20, 33, 35, 36,

39 *S. septata (Leighton) Massal. 1-5, 16, 20, 33, 35, 37-40

Stereocaulon condensatum Hoffm. 2, 27, 38, 39 S. dactylophyllum Fl6rke 1-3, 6-8, 12, 13, 15, 16, 20, 21,

27, 29, 33-36, 38, 39 S. evolutum Graewe 1-3, 6, 12, 13, 15, 16, 20, 27, 31,

34, 35, 38, 39 S. pileatum Ach. 1, 2, 16, 20, 27, 35, 36, 38, 39

S. saxatile Magnusson 39 S. vesuvianum Pers. 1-4, 6, 8, 12-16, 20, 21, 24, 26-29,

31, 33-35, 37-40 var. nodulosum (Walr.) Lamb 1, 2, 16, 27, 38, 39

Sticta canariensis (Bory) Bory ex Delbse 1-4, 8-11, 16, 20, 27, 28, 33-35, 39 [21]

S.fuliginosa (Hoffm.) Ach. 1-6, 9, 14, 16, 20, 21, 26-29, 33-36, 39, 40

S. limbata (Sm.) Ach. 1-10, 12, 16, 20, 26-29, 33-35, 39, 40

S. sylvatica (Huds.) Ach. 1-4, 6, 7, 9, 16, 20, 21, 26-29,

33-36, 39, 40

Strangospora monformis (Ach.) B. Stein 33 S. ochrophora (Nyl.) R. Anderson 1, 2, 12, 16, 18, 28, 33,

35, 38, 39 S. pinicola (Massal.) Kbrber 21

Stngula jamesii (Swinscow) R. Hamrs 5, 33 S. taylorii (Carroll ex Nyl.) R. Harris 1-5, 10, 33

Synalissa symphorea (Ach.) Nyl. 9, 15, 17, 28, 35, 39, 40

Teloschistes chrysophthalmus (L.) Th. Fr. 2-4, 38, 39 T. flavicans (Swartz) Norman 1-6, 12, 16, 21, 38

Tephromela aglaea (Sommerf.) Hertel & Rambold 2, 16, 35, 39

T. atra (Huds.) Hafeilner ex Kalb 1-40 T. grumosa (Pers.) Hafeilner & Roux 20, 34, 35, 38, 39

Thelenella modesta (Nyl.) Nyl. 1, 2, 5, 8, 23, 37

Thielidium decipiens (Nyl.) Krempelh. 1, 2, 4, 8-10, 14 17, 19, 23, 25, 26, 28, 29, 33, 35, 38-40

T. impressum (Stizenb.) Zsch. 9, 16 T. incavatum Mudd 7, 9, 11, 15-17, 23, 26, 33, 35, 39 T. minutulum Kbrber 2, 21, 28 T. papulare (Fr.) Arnold 1-5, 7, 9-11, 14-18, 23, 26, 28,

33, 36, 37 T. pluvium A. Orange 3, 16

T. pyrenophorum (Ach.) Mudd 1, 3, 7, 9, 16, 23, 27-29, 37

Thelocarpon intermediellum Nyl. 38 T. lauren (Flotow) Nyl. 7, 12, 19, 21

Thelopsis rubella Nyl. 2, 3, 33

Thelotrema isidioides (Borrer) R. Sant. 3 T. lepadinum (Ach.) Ach. 1-16, 18-21, 23-29, 33, 35,

36, 38-40 T. monosporum Nyl. 1-3, 16, 35, 39 T. subtile Tuck. 1-4, 16, 33, 35, 39

191


Thermrutis velutina (Ach.) Flotow 16

Thrombium epigaeum (Pers.) Wallr. 3, 9, 16, 21, 27, 39

*Tomaselliagelatinosa (Chevall.) Zahlbr. 1-5, 8, 9, t6, 20, 21, 23, 25, 27, 28, 33, 35, 37-40

*T. iactea (Ach.) R. Harris 1-3, 28. 33, 35, 38, 39

Toninia aromatica (Sm.) Massal. 1-31, 33-40 T. dfffracta (Massal.) Zahlbr. 16, 28, 39 T. lobulata (Sommerf.) Lynge 1, 3, 5, 9, 11, 15, 16, 20,

21, 26-28, 33, 34, 37-39

T. mesoidea (Nyl.) Zahlbr. 4, 16, 27, 28 T. sedjfolia (Scop.) Timdal 1, 3-9, 12, 15, 16, 18, 20, 21,

27, 28, 33-35, 38-40 T. thiopsora (Nyl.) H. Olivier 1, 2, 6, 14, 16 T. verrucarioides (Nyl.) Timdal 1, 7, 9, 11, 14-16, 21, 23,

26-30, 35, 36, 39

Trapelia coarctata (Sm.) M. Choisy 1-7, 9-14, 16, 18-22, 24, 27-30, 32-40

T. corticola Coppins & P. James 2, 3, 14, 16, 33, 35, 36, 38-40

T. involuta (Taylor) Hertel 1, 3-6, 9, 10, 12-14, 16, 20, 21, 27, 28, 32, 34-40

T. mooreana (Carroll) P. James 20, 21, 39 T. obtegens (Th. Fr.) Hertel 10, 13, 14, 23, 34, 38, 39 T. placodioides Coppins & P. James 1, 2, 6-14, 16, 18-24,

26-31, 33-35, 37-40

Trapeliopsisflexuosa (Fr.) Coppins & P. James 1, 2, 5, 8, 14-16, 20, 21, 23, 28, 31, 33, 35, 36, 39, 40

T. gelatinosa (Flbrke) Coppins & P. James 3, 16, 20, 21, 39, 40

T. glaucolepidea (Nyl.) G. Schneider 3, 20, 21, 28, 34, 36, 39

T. granulosa (Hoffm.) Lumbsch 1-14, 16, 18-31, 33-40 T. pseudogranulosaCoppins & P. James 1-3, 6-10, 14, 16,

20, 21, 27-30, 33-40 T. wallrothii (Flbrke ex Sprengel) Hertel & G. Schneider

1, 3, 4, 20, 21, 27, 35

Tremoleciaatrata (Ach.) Hertel. 1-3, 6, 11-14, 16, 20, 21, 24, 27, 29, 31, 35, 37-40

Tylothallia bfformigera (Leighton) P. James & Kilias 1, 3, 16, 20, 27, 30, 34, 39

Umbilicaria cylindrica (L.) Delise ex Duby 1-3, 5-8, 10, 16, 20, 27, 35, 38

U. polyphylla (L.) Baumg. 1, 2, 6, 12, 13, 20, 21, 35

U. polyrrhiza (L.) Fr. 1, 16, 20, 27, 35, 38, 39

U. proboscidea (L.) Schrader 1, 2, 20 U. spodochroa (Ehrh. ex Hoffm.) DC. 20 U. torrefacta (Lightf.) Schrader 1-3, 6, 16, 20, 27, 29, 35

Usnea articulata (L.) Hoffm. 3, 10-12, 16, 19-21, 24, 25,

38

U. ceratina Ach. 1-3, 6, 7, 28, 33, 38, 39

U. cornuta Kdrber 1-14, 16, 18, 20, 24, 26-30, 33-36,

38-40 U. esperantiana Clerc 1, 7, 10, 18, 29, 33

U. filipendula Stirton 2, 3, 9, 10, 15, 20, 21, 27, 29, 30,

33-36, 38-40 U. flammea Stirton 1-8, 10-12, 15, 16, 20-22, 27-29,

33-35, 39

192

U.florida (L.) Wigg. 3, 12, 16, 17, 20, 33, 38, 39 U.fragilescens Havaas ex Lynge 1-7, 9, 11, 12, 16-18, 20,

27-29, 33, 38-40 [22] U. fulvoreagens (Risinen) Risiinen 1-4, 6, 9, 16, 18, 21,

22, 24, 27-9, 32, 33, 35, 38

U. glabrescens (Nyl. ex Vainio) Vainio 3, 4, 9, 15, 16, 38, 40

U. hirta (L.) Wigg. 9, 16, 18, 27, 28, 38, 39

U. rubicunda Stirton 1-6, 14, 16, 19, 20, 24, 25, 27, 28, 33, 36

U. subfloridana Stirton 1-40 U. wasmuthii Rasinen 2, 6, 20, 22, 24, 27, 29, 33, 35, 39,

40 U. wirthui Clerc 25, 29, 33, 36

Verrucaria aethiobola Wahlenb. 1-7, 9, 11, 14-16, 19-24, 27-39

V amphibia R. Clem. 1, 3-5, 9, 12, 16, 21, 27, 35, 38 V aquatilis Mudd 1, 2, 20, 21, 27, 28, 36, 38, 39 V aranensis McCarthy 9 V baldensis Massal. 1, 2, 4-30, 33-37, 39, 40 V bryoctona (Th. Fr.) A. Orange 12, 21, 27 V caerulea DC. 1-3, 5, 7-9, 14-17, 22-24, 26-29,

32-35, 39, 40 V calciseda DC. 7, 9, 15-18, 28, 34 V cyanea Massal. 9, 15, 26, 29 V ditmarsica Enrchsen 1, 3, 5, 12, 21, 38 [231 V dolosa Hepp 26 V dufourii DC. 1-5, 7-9, 13-19, 21-23, 26, 28-30, 33,

37, 39 V elaeomelaena (Massal.) Arnold 4, 16, 19, 39 Vfunckii (Sprengel) Zahlbr. 2, 16, 27 Vfusconigrescens Nyl. 1, 3, 4, 7, 9, 11, 12, 16, 17, 21, 27,

28, 35, 38, 39 V glaucina auct. 1-3, 5-31, 33-40 [24] V halizoa Leighton 1, 3, 6, 16, 20, 21, 27, 34, 35, 38, 39 V hochstietteri Fr. 1, 3-29, 31, 33-35, 37-40 V hydrelaAch. 1, 3, 6, 14, 16, 20, 21, 27, 28, 31-33, 35,

36, 39 V internigrescens (Nyl.) Erichsen 1, 4, 9, 16, 38 V knowlesiae McCarthy 9 V latebrosa Kdrber 16, 29 V latericola Erichsen 9, 14, 17, 21, 23, 25, 29, 33 V macrostoma Dufour ex DC. 1, 3, 5, 9, 15, 16, 19, 21,

29, 34 V margacea (Wahlenb.) Wahlenb. 1-4, 9, 19, 20, 27, 38,

39 V maura Wahlenb. 1-6, 8, 9, 12, 15-17, 20-22, 27-29,

31, 34, 35, 37-40 V mucosaWahlenb. 1, 3-6, 8, 9, 12, 16, 20, 21, 27, 31,

34, 35, 38-40 V muralis Ach. 1-40 V murina Leighton 1, 2, 4, 5, 7-10, 12, 16, 19, 21, 26,

28, 29, 37 V nigrescens Pers. 1-40 V pamnigerella Zahlbr. 9, 14, 16, 17, 23, 26, 28 V pinguicula Massal. 9, 16, 17, 28, 29, 33, 39 V praetermissa (Trevisan) Anzi 27, 28, 36, 39 V prominula Nyl. 1, 3-6, 9, 16, 21, 27, 28, 34, 35, 39 V sandstedei B. de Lesd. 21, 38 V striatulaWahlenb. 1, 3-6, 9, 12, 16, 17, 21, 27, 28, 31,

34, 35, 38, 39 V viridula (Schrader) Ach. 1-29, 33, 37-39

Vezdaea aestivalis (Ohl.) Tscherm.-Woess & Poelt 2, 16, 35, 38-40


V leprosa (P. James) Vezda 2, 12, 16, 20, 27, 33, 40

Xanthoria calcicola Oxner 1, 3, 4, 11-14, 16, 19, 21, 27,

34, 35, 39 X. candelaria (L.) Th. Fr. 1, 3-7, 9-14, 16-23, 27, 31,

33-36, 38, 39 X. ectaneoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr. 1-3, 5, 6, 9, 11-13, 16,

19-21, 27, 28, 31, 34, 38-40 X. elegans (Link) Th. Fr. 1, 7, 10-15, 18-22, 24-26, 29,

32, 33, 35, 39, 40 X. parietina (L.) Th. Fr. 1-40 X. polycarpa (Hoffm.) Th. Fr. ex Rieber 1, 3, 4, 6, 7,

9-12, 14, 18-22, 24, 27, 29, 31-40

X. ulophyllodes Rasanen 1, 3, 7, 19, 21 [25I

Xylographa abietina (Pers.) Zahlbr. 2 X. trunciseda (Th. Fr.) Minks ex Redinger 33 X. vitiligo (Ach.) Laundon 1, 9, 12, 14, 19-21, 27, 31,

33, 35, 39

Zamenhofia coralloidea (P. James) Clauz. & Roux 3, 33 Z. hibernica (P. James & Swinscow) Clauz. & Roux 1-3

NOTES

[1] Over-recorded; confirmed from 1, 11, 33.

[2] Over-recorded; confirmed from 14, 17, 22.

[3] Over-recorded; some records referable to C. cre

nularia.

[4] Without specimens, some records are questionable.

[5] Over-recorded (some records referable to C. ciliata var. tenuis); confirmed from 3, 16, 18, 20, 27, 35, 38.

[6] Including C. cryptochlorophaea from 23, 25, 35, C.

grayi from 28, and C. merochlorophaea from 16, 20,

34-36.

[7] Including C. borealis and C. diversa, both from 35.

[8] Over-recorded.

[9] Not recorded this century, therefore regarded as

extinct.

[10] Var. ochroleucum confirmed from 1, 20, 22, 27, 33,

35, 38, and var. porphyrium from 27, 28, 33-35, 38-40.

[11] Forma sorediata confirmed from 7, 9, 28, 33, 39.

[12] L. incana s.str. definitely found in Ireland, but many records referable to other Lepraria spp.

[13] Without specimens, some records are questionable.

[14] Including Botrydina vulgaris.

[15] Including Coriscium viride.

[16] Including O. calc?rea from 1-5, 8-10, 12, 14-16,

18-23, 27-35, 37-39; O. chevallieri from 1-5, 8, 9,

11, 12, 14-16, 21, 34, 35, 38, 39; and O. confer?a from 1-6, 9, 12, 16, 21, 27, 28, 34-36, 38.

[17] Relationship between P. britannica and P. leucophlebia

requires further investigation.

[18] Probably over-recorded.

[19] Var. furfuracea confirmed from 10, 14, 19-21, 30,

38-40, and var. ceratea from 14, 18-22, 30, 33, 36,

37, 39.

[20] Including ssp. prospectans confirmed from 1-3, 9, 27,

38.

[21] Including S. dufourii.

[22] Including var. mollis.

[23] Including V erichsenii.

[24] Including V. fuscella, recorded from 33, 39.

[25] Old X. fallax records included here, some of which

perhaps refer to X. candelaria.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I am greatly indebted to the many field workers

who have provided me with their records over the

past 20 years, more particularly Dr Brian Coppins, Mrs A.M. O'Dare, Mr Howard Fox and Professor David Richardson, who have also commented on a

draft of this revised catalogue; to Mr S. Davidson who prepared Fig. 2; and to the British Council for

funding.

REFERENCES

Alexander, R.W., Richardson, D.H.S., Cotton, D. and

Seaward, M.R.D. 1989 Field meeting to Sligo and

Connemara National Park. Lichenologist 21, 159-68.

Clerc, P. and Diederich, P. 1991 Usnea wirthii Clerc new

to North America and the British Isles. Lichenologist

23, 405-7.

Coppins, B.J., James, P.W and Hawksworth, D.L. 1992

New species and combinations in The lichen flora of Great Britain and Ireland. Lichenologist 24, 351-69.

Egea, J.M. and Torrente, P. 1993 The lichen genus

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C. stellaris (Opiz) Pouzar & Vezda (3, 19, 21, 39)-without specimens, records doubtful.

Dermatocarpon intestiniforme (Kbrber) Hasse (6) questionable; perhaps some D. miniatum var. complicatum records referable here.

Hypogymnia intestiniformis (Vill.) Rasanen (26, 27) without specimens, records questionable.

Immersania athroocarpa (Ach.) Rambold & Pietschm. (39)-old record, in need of confirmation.

Lecania fuscella (Schaerer) Kdrber (4, 14, 18, 20, 25)-doubtful; known only from southern England, where it is now apparently extinct.

Lecanorafrustulosa (Dickson) Ach. (11, 16). Lecidella euphorea (Fl6rke) Hertel (36)-Continental;

probably incorrectly recorded from Ireland. Leptogium minutissimum (Flbrke) Fr. (1, 3, 20)-of

uncertain application. Macentina abscondita Coppins & Vezda (26). Parmelia afrorevoluta Krog & Swinscow (1)-status

requires clarification. P subamoldii des Abb. (3)-status requires clarifica

tion. Protoparmelia ochrococca (Nyl.) P.M. J0rg., Rambold

& Hertel (2)-record incorrect. Pyrenula nitidella (Flbrke ex Schaerer) Mill. Arg.

(33). Ramalinapollinaria (Westr.) Ach. (1-4, 7-9, 12, 13,

16, 18, 19, 23, 27, 27, 30, 35, 38, 39) confused with other Ramalina spp, particularly R. lacera and R. canariensis.

Rhizocarponferax Magnusson-loc. non cit. in Purvis et al. 1992, 539.

R. plicatile (Leighton) A.L. Sm. (2). Thelidium cataractarum (Hepp) L6nnr. (1-3, 15, 16,

21, 28, 29, 32, 33, 36)-of uncertain applica tion; Irish records refer to various species.

Toninia squalida (Ach.) Massal. (20). Umbilicaria arctica (Ach.) Nyl. (1)-questionable;

material on which record was based probably originated from outside Ireland.

Usnea glabrata (Ach.) Vainio (16, 20-22). Verrucaria pseudomemnonia Zsch. (3, 12, 16, 21, 27,

35, 38)-dubious records. Vezdaea acicularis Coppins (2).

APPENDIX

EXCLUDED TAXA

The following taxa, and their respective vice

county records, have been omitted from the check list.

Bacidia beckhausii Kbrber (9, 11, 14). Buellia succedens (Nyl.) Arnold (2, 16)-status of

species in doubt owing to loss of type material; Irish records dubious.

Caloplaca chlonina (Flotow) H. Olivier (1, 16, 30, 35, 36)-probably C. isidiigera and/or saxicolous C. cerina.

C. granulosa (Mull. Arg.) Jatta (1, 3, 12, 21, 38, 39)-mainly C. verruculfra.

Catapyrenium lachneum (Ach.) R. Sant. (1, 3-7, 9, 12, 13, 15-18, 20-22, 24, 26-28, 31, 33-35, 38-39)-in need of revision; some records probably referable to this species, others mainly to C. rufescens and C. squamulosum.

Catillariaglobulosa (Flbrke) Th. Fr. (1, 14, 16, 39) without specimens, records questionable.

Cladonia convoluta (Lam.) Cout. (2, 3, 39). C. phyllophora Hoffi. (1, 7, 8, 13, 18, 20, 21, 27,

38)-without specimens, records questionable.

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Documents

Vice-County Distribution of Irish Lichens