Verksamhets- och affärssystem

Att integrera verksamhetengenom informationssystemet

INFORMATIONSFLÖDE

MATERIALFLÖDE

TransferTransfer TransferTransfer TransferTransfer TransferTransfer

CustomerVendor Manufacturing Distribution Store

Verksamhets- och affärssystem

Att integrera verksamhetengenom informations-systemet

TransferTransfer TransferTransfer TransferTransfer TransferTransfer

CustomerVendor Manufacturing Distribution Store

Företaget

Partners

Kunder

Kursinnehåll

Enterprise Modelling- Goal Modelling- Analysis Patterns- FLBC

Enterprise ApplicationIntegration- Message Brokers- Process Integration

Enterprise Systems- Functionality- Architecture

Systemaspekter

MÅL

OBJEKTHAND-LINGAR

styr

påverkar

uttryckerönskvärdatillstånd hos

Architectural Patterns

• Context– Designing a living room

• Problem– Making people feel comfortable

• Forces– People want to sit down– People want to be close to the light

• Solution– Put a sitting place close to the windows

Design Patterns

• Context– Developing software with a human-computer

interface• Problem

– Interfaces vary often• Forces

– Easy to modify the interface– Modifying the interface should not impact the

application logic• Solution

– Model-View-Controller

A Design Pattern - MVC

Model

core data

notifygetData

View

myModel

displayupdate

Controller

myView

handleEventupdate

Properties of Patterns

• Address recurring problems

• Document well-proven experience

• Specify abstract solutions

Analysis Patterns

Employment

Period of Time

Organisation

Person

A person is employed in an organisation for a periodof time.

Analysis Patterns

Management Role

Period of Time

Organisation

Person

A person has a certainmanagement role for a period of time.

Analysis Patterns

Marriage

Period of Time

Person

Two people are married for a period of time.

Accountability Pattern

PERSON

ACCOUNTABILITY

ORGANISATION

FromTo

TIME PERIOD

Name

ACCOUNTABILITY TYPE

NameAddress

PARTY responsiblecommissioner

1

1 1

1**

* *

Accountability Pattern

ACCOUNTABILITY

ACCOUNTABILITY TYPE

PARTY

The Accountability Pattern can be used to model situations where there exists a relationship of responsibility between two parties:- Employment- Order- Contract- Membership- Offering

ACCOUNTABILITY TYPE specifies different kinds of accountability. In an employment context, it could contain: permanent employment, project employment, time limited employment, etc.

Accountability

:Accountability typename = permanent

:Accountability:Time period

from = 970101to = 001231

:Personname = ‘Peter’

:Organisationname = ‘IBM’

responsiblecommissioner

This instance diagram states that Peter is employed by IBM 970101 - 001231.

Hierarchy Pattern

STATE

COUNTRY

CITY

The Hierarchy Pattern is used to describe situations where certain objects are subordinated to other objects.

USA

California

San Francisco Los Angeles

Washington

Seattle

Massachusetts

Boston

Measurable Properties

NameBlood pressureWeightLengthAgeShoe sizeTemperatureIQEQ

PERSONA person may have a largenumber of properties thatare quantitative.

Representing all theseproperties in a schema can make it exceedingly large.

Measurement Pattern

Phenomenon type

MeasurementObject Quantity

1

**

*1 1

The Measurement Pattern enables a compact representationof quantitative properties.

A measurement measures thequantity of a phenomenon type for a certain object.

Measurement Pattern

:Phenomenon typename = temperature

:Measurementdate = 000101

:Objectname = ‘Peter’

:Quantityunit = Celsiusvalue = 37.5

This instance diagram states that Peter has the temperature 37.5 degrees Celsius 000101.

Category Observation

Some properties are not quantitative, but rather classifyobjects into different groups, for example the gender or nationality of a person.

Phenomenon type

Category observation

Object Category

1

**

*1 1

Category Observation

:Phenomenon typename = gender

:Category observationdate = 000101

:Objectname = ‘Peter’

:Categoryvalue = male

This instance diagram states that Peter has the gender male 000101.

Observation Pattern

Phenomenon type

ObservationObject

1

**

*

1

1

Category observation

Measurement

CategoryQuantity

1*

Measurements and category obser-vations can be combined intoone pattern.

Action Pattern

PROPOSED ACTION IMPLEMENTED ACTION

TIME POINT ACTION

PARTY

LOCATION

An action is carried out by a party at a certain point in time at a certain location.

An action may be only proposed or it may be implemented, i.e. carried out.

Action Pattern

:Personname = ‘Peter’

:Proposed actionname = surgery

:Implemented actionname = ‘surgery

:Locationroom = C604

:Time pointdate = 990101

time = 1.00 a.m.

:Locationroom = C608

:Time pointdate = 990101

time = 2.00 a.m.

Booking

FromTo

BOOKING

RESOURCE

1

*

for

Using this simple booking schema, we can express that different resources are booked for different time intervals.

In some situations, we do not want to book a specific resource, but rather a general resource type. For example, we only state that we want to book an anaesthesia nurse, it does not matter who. In other cases, we really want to book a specific nurse, say Ed Wallen.

Assets and other Resources

Some resources are consumed in an activity, e.g. in a surgery blood plasma is consumed.

Other resources are not consumed in an activity but can be reused. For example, a nurse is not consumed in a surgery.

Resource Allocation Pattern

RESOURCE TYPE

FromTo

TEMPORAL RESOURCE

SPECIFIC RAGENERAL RA

Quantity

RESOURCE ALLOCATION

ASSET TYPE ASSET

1

1

1

1

*

*

*

*

Resource Allocation

:General RAquantity 3

:Resource Typename = Blood plasma

:Asset Typename = Nurse

:Assetname = ‘Peter’

:Specific RA

:Temporal Resourcefrom = 0101, 04

to = 0101, 06

Three bags of blood plasma are allocated - we do not care which ones.

Peter is allocated for two hours.

Exercise

The Resource Allocation Pattern has

a number of limitations. Identify

these and construct an extension of

the pattern that overcomes these

limitations. Consider whether it

would be worthwhile to have

several variants of the pattern to

cover different situations.

Action and Resource Allocation

PROPOSED ACTION IMPLEMENTED ACTION

ACTION

RESOURCE ALLOCATION

books uses

A proposed action books resources, while an implemented action uses resources.

Plans

PLAN

PROPOSED ACTION

*

*

contains

The simplest way to model a plan is to say that it consists of a number of proposed actions.

Example: Plan for dinner party consists of buying food, cooking, and making the table.

One limitation of this model is that we cannot express dependencies between proposed actions, i.e. that certain actions have to be performed before others.

Plan Pattern

PLAN

ACTION REFERENCE

*

1

contains

PROPOSED ACTION

1

*precedes

By adding a type ACTION REFERENCE, we can express precedence relationships among proposed actions in a plan. We can also add descriptions of the role of an action within a plan, e.g. whether it is optional or not.

Subtypes

VEHICLE

BIKETRUCKBOATCAR

One way to show different categories is to introduce a number of subtypes. However, such a solution may result in a very large schema.

Powertypes

VEHICLE

VEHICLE TYPE

1

*

VEHICLE TYPE would have instances such as:Car, Truck, Boat, Bike, MC, Aeroplane, ...

VEHICLE would have instances such as:abc123 (which is a Car), vv22 (which is a Boat), ...

Purpose of Goal Models

• Describing the goals of an enterprise

• Showing how the goals are interrelated

• Finding problems that hinder goal fulfilment

• Finding opportunities that facilitate goal fulfilment

A Goal Model

Goal2: To minimiselibrary costs

Goal1: To provideadvanced servicesto customers

Goal3: To deliveritems electro-nically

Goal4: To main-tain high stockavailability

Opportunity1: Advanced ICT

Problem1: IntellectualProperty Rights

A Goal Model for a Library

supports

supports supports

hinders

hinders

Components of a Goal Model

GoalA desired state

ProblemA state of affairsthat may hindera goal

OpportunityA state of affairsthat may supporta goal

supports

hinders

conflicts

Two goals conflict if the fulfilment of one goal makes it impossible to fulfil the other, and vice versa

En övning

Presidentkandidaten Pelle ställer upp i ett val. Hans främsta motståndare är Eva. Konstruera en målmodell för följande:

• Att vinna valet

• Att få stöd från EU-anhängare

• Att få stöd från EU-kritiker

• Att svärta ned motståndaren

• Pelle har använt svarta kreditkort

• Eva har använt svarta kreditkort

• Att ha många reklaminslag i tv

• Budgeten är begränsad

• Få finansiellt stöd från storföretag

• Skaffa en image som oberoende

• Skaffa en image som hedervärd

Goal1: Att vinna valet

Goal7: Att svärta nedmotståndaren

Opportunity1: Eva har använt svarta kreditkort

supports

supports

Goal9: Att ha en storbudget

Goal6: Att ha mångareklaminslag i tv

Goal8: Att få stödfrån storföretag

supports

supports

supports

Goal5: Skaffa en imagesom hedervärd

Threat2: Pelle har använt svarta kreditkort

supports

hinders

Goal2: Att få stöd från EU-anhängare

Goal3: Att få stöd från EU-kritiker

supports

supports

conflicts

Goal4: Skaffa en imagesom oberoende

hinders

supports