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Verb TenseVerb Tense

Tense denotes the time of the actionTense denotes the time of the actionindicated by a verb. The time is not alwaysindicated by a verb. The time is not always

the same as that indicated by the name of thethe same as that indicated by the name of thetense.tense.

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99 TypesTypes

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Present TensePresent Tense

Present tense may expressPresent tense may express

action which is going on at theaction which is going on at the

present time or which occurspresent time or which occursalways, repeatedly, oralways, repeatedly, or

habitually.habitually.

Examples: HeExamples: He seessees the train.the train.

HeHe eatseats cereal for breakfastcereal for breakfast

every day.every day.

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Present TensePresent Tense

When you are talking aboutWhen you are talking about

facts, or saying something youfacts, or saying something you

know about a person or thing,know about a person or thing,you use the simple presentyou use the simple present

tense.tense.

Example: TimExample: Tim likeslikes bananas.bananas.

MaryMary enjoysenjoys singing. Mumsinging. Mum

hateshates cockroaches.cockroaches.

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Present TensePresent Tense

You use the simple presentYou use the simple present

tense to talk about things thattense to talk about things that

have been arrangedhave been arrangedfor thefor thefuturefuture..

Examples: MaryExamples: Mary startsstarts schoolschool

tomorrow. Wetomorrow. Wejoinjoin the seniorthe senior

school next year. My big brotherschool next year. My big brother

leaves school in July this year.leaves school in July this year.

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Past TensePast Tense

Past tense expresses actionPast tense expresses action

completed at acompleted at a definitedefinite time intime in

the past.the past. Examples: HeExamples: He wrotewrote the letterthe letter

yesterday. Sheyesterday. She livedlived to be 90to be 90

years old.years old.

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Future TenseFuture Tense

Future tense expresses actionFuture tense expresses actionwhich will take place in thewhich will take place in thefuture.future.

It uses the helping verbsIt uses the helping verbs willwillororshall*shall* and the present tenseand the present tenseform of the verb).form of the verb).

Examples: HeExamples: He will sendwill send thethe

letter tomorrow. Iletter tomorrow. I shall waitshall wait herehereuntil you return.until you return.

* Traditionally,* Traditionally, shallshallis used foris used for11stst person andperson and willwillfor 2for 2ndnd and 3and 3rdrd

persons.persons.

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Present Perfect TensePresent Perfect Tense

Present perfect tense expresses actionPresent perfect tense expresses actioncompleted at the present time (perfectcompleted at the present time (perfectmeans complete) or begun in the past andmeans complete) or begun in the past andcontinuing into the present.continuing into the present.

This tense uses the helping verbsThis tense uses the helping verbs hashas andandhavehave and the past participle of the verb.and the past participle of the verb.

Examples:Examples: HeHe has writtenhas written a letter to his uncle. (completeda letter to his uncle. (completed

action)action)

TheThe WaltonsWaltons have livedhave lived here for seven years.here for seven years.(continuing(continuing))

II have madehave made you a cup of tea. (completedyou a cup of tea. (completedaction)action)

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Past Perfect TensePast Perfect Tense

Past perfect tense expresses actionPast perfect tense expresses action

completedcompleted beforebefore certain time in thecertain time in the

past. (This is thepast. (This is the beforebefore--past tense.)past tense.)

It uses the helping verbIt uses the helping verb hadhadand theand the

past participle of the verb.past participle of the verb.

Example:Example:

SheShe had writtenhad written the letter before I sawthe letter before I sawher.her.

We hadnt been at the party long whenWe hadnt been at the party long when

Jack arrived.Jack arrived.

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Future Perfect TenseFuture Perfect Tense

Future perfect tense expressesFuture perfect tense expresses

action which will be completedaction which will be completed

before a certain time in the future.before a certain time in the future.

(This is the(This is the beforebefore--future tense)future tense)

It uses the helping verbsIt uses the helping verbs will havewill have oror

shall haveshall have and the past participle ofand the past participle of

the verb.the verb.

Example:Example:

HeHe will have finishedwill have finished the paper beforethe paper before

next Friday.next Friday.

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Present Continuous TensePresent Continuous Tense

You use the present continuousYou use the present continuous

tense to talk abouttense to talk about actions in theactions in the

presentpresent, or, orthings that are goingthings that are going

onon ororhappening nowhappening now.. Examples:Examples:

II am learningam learning how to swim.how to swim.

SheShe is readingis reading a story book.a story book.

The blackbirdThe blackbird isis feedingfeeding its young.its young.

YouYou are singingare singing too loudly.too loudly.

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Present Continuous TensePresent Continuous Tense

You also use the presentYou also use the present

continuous tense to talk aboutcontinuous tense to talk about

things that you have planned tothings that you have planned to

dodo in the futurein the future..

Examples:Examples:

WeWe are goingare going camping tomorrow.camping tomorrow.

Im startingIm starting piano lessons soon.piano lessons soon.

Jim's parentsJim's parents are takingare taking him tohim to

Australia next week.Australia next week.

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Grammar HelpGrammar Help

You form theYou form the present continuouspresent continuous

tensetense like this:like this:

Am + present participleAm + present participle

Is + present participleIs + present participle

Are + present participleAre + present participle

You form the present participle byYou form the present participle by

addingadding inging to the verb. Forto the verb. For

example:example:

Learn +Learn + inging = learning= learning

Sing +Sing + inging = singing= singing Present ParticiplePresent Participle

Read +Read + inging = reading= reading

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Past Continuous TensePast Continuous Tense

You use past continuous to talkYou use past continuous to talk

about actions that were goingabout actions that were going

on, or happening at a certainon, or happening at a certain

moment in the past.moment in the past.

Examples:Examples:

Ms.Ms. MuneebaMuneeba was cleaningwas cleaning thethe

chalkboard.chalkboard.

AliAli was makingwas making the model of a bridge.the model of a bridge.

SaraSara was finishingwas finishing her sums.her sums.

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Grammar HelpGrammar Help

You form the past continuousYou form the past continuous

tense like this:tense like this:

Was + present participle.Was + present participle. Were + present participle.Were + present participle.

Was drawingWas drawing

Were drivingWere driving

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Future Continuous TenseFuture Continuous Tense

You use the future continuous tenseYou use the future continuous tense

to talk about things thatto talk about things that have beenhave been

plannedplannedor areor are likely to happenlikely to happen..

Sometimes these areSometimes these are continuouscontinuousactionsactions and sometimesand sometimes singlesingle

actionsactions..

Examples: IExamples: I shall be sendingshall be sending

invitations for the concert to all yourinvitations for the concert to all your

parents. Iparents. I will be waitingwill be waiting at the gateat the gate

when you come out of school.when you come out of school.

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Grammar HelpGrammar Help

You form the future continuousYou form the future continuous

tense like this:tense like this:

Shall + be+ present participleShall + be+ present participle Will + be + present participleWill + be + present participle

Shall be leavingShall be leaving

Will be openingWill be opening

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Verb FormsVerb Forms

Verb Forms

Regular Irregular

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Regular VerbsRegular Verbs

Regular verbs form their pastRegular verbs form their pasttense and past participle bytense and past participle byaddingadding ed ored or d to their presentd to their present

tense form.tense form. More than 95% of all EnglishMore than 95% of all English

verbs are regular.verbs are regular.

Regular verbs cause fewRegular verbs cause fewproblems in speaking andproblems in speaking andwriting.writing.

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Regular verbs and theirRegular verbs and their

Principal PartsPrincipal Parts

PrincipalPrincipal

Parts:Parts:

Verb:Verb:

PresentPresent

TenseTense

PresentPresentParticipleParticiple

PastPast

TenseTense

PastPastParticipleParticiple

To callTo call call,call,

callscalls

callingcalling calledcalled (have)(have)

calledcalled

To dustTo dust dust,dust,

dustsdusts

dustingdusting dusteddusted (have)(have)

dusteddusted

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Irregular VerbsIrregular Verbs

Irregular verbs can form theirIrregular verbs can form theirpast tense and past participlepast tense and past participleforms in various way.forms in various way.

These forms cause even nativeThese forms cause even nativespeakers innumerablespeakers innumerableproblems.problems.

The most irregular verb of all isThe most irregular verb of all isthe verbthe verb to beto be..

Another irregular verb that isAnother irregular verb that isimportant for its use with otherimportant for its use with other

verbs is the verbverbs is the verb to haveto have..

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FourPrincipal/Main PartsFourPrincipal/Main Parts

PrincipalPrincipal

Parts:Parts:

Verb:Verb:

PresentPresent

TenseTense

PresentPresentParticipleParticiple

PastPast

TenseTense

PastPastParticipleParticiple

To BeTo Be be, am,be, am,

are, isare, is

beingbeing was,was,

werewere

(have)(have)

beenbeen

To HaveTo Have have,have,

hashas

havinghaving hadhad (have)(have)

hadhad

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Other Common IrregularOther Common Irregular

Verbs and theirPrincipal PartsVerbs and theirPrincipal Parts

PrincipalPrincipal

PartPart

VerbVerb

PresentPresent

TenseTense

PresentPresent

ParticipleParticiple

Past TensePast Tense PastPast

ParticipleParticiple

To seeTo see see,see,

seessees

seeingseeing sawsaw (have)(have)

seenseen

To doTo do do, doesdo, does doingdoing diddid (have)(have)

donedoneTo flyTo fly fly, fliesfly, flies flyingflying flewflew (have)(have)

flownflown

To runTo run run, runsrun, runs runningrunning ranran (have)(have)

runrun