Group 4

TRẦN THỊ NGỌC THẢOLÊ THỊ THỦY TIÊN

1. VERB

2. VERB TENSE

3. AUXILIRY VERB

4. BE/DO/HAVE

5. MODALS

6. SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT

CONTENTS

VERBS FUNCTION

Indicate a state of being or a location

Indicate what the subject is like or what it

becomes

Indicate an action

1. VERBS

Present Past Present Past Present Past

Am/is/are Was/were Will Would Have/Has Had

Shall Should Can Could Do/Does Did

May Might

Must

3. AUXILIARY VERBS

Kinds of VERBALSGERUND

Ex :"Borrowing money is usually a mistake."

INFINITIVESEx: “Tom wanted to open the window."

PARTICIPLEEx: "The bridge covered with ice

was narrow."

IS IT A VERB OR A VERBAL?The difference between a verb and a verbal is not done by looking at the word itself. You have to see how the word is being used.

• Ex: Our butler waxed the floor. The word is used as a verb to tell what action is being done.• Ex: The waxed floors were slippery and dangerous. The word still looks like a verb, but it is used as an adjective.

A VERBAL can never be the verb of the sentence.

4. BE, DO AND HAVE

TO BE described- An arrangement.

Ex: The wedding is take place in Sunday- An order, a request

Ex: You are to see the teacher at 4 pm

BE

• BE is a verb that is incomplete. So it always requires an additional term from (Complement) to complete the meaning of the sentence

Ex: Your party is ready His father is a funny man• BE is used as auxiliary verbs to form the continuous tense and passive

Ex: She was watching TV when we came

• Used to form the negative and to question (interrogative) to the infinitive

Ex: Do I hate running ? He doesn’t/does not work hard• The question used to form a tail (Tag-questions) where the verb in question is usually a verb.

Ex: She doesn’t like swimming. Does she?

DO

• Used to avoid repeating the main verb in short answer.

Ex: David likes swimming. - So do I. Did they go to London? - Yes, they did.• Used to form the Physical Stress (Emphatic Form).

Ex: You did make me surprised. He does write his name on the board.

• HAVE is used as auxiliary verbs to form the perfect tense .

Ex: I have answered your questions. Has he finished his dinner• HAVE can be used to cause (Causative).

active: S + have + O1 + V + O2 passive: S + have + O2 + past participle (by O1)Ex: They had Daisy clean the floor. We have just had our house painted.

HAVE

5. MODALS

Modals Meaning

He can swim. Within ability.

It may/might/could rain later. Possibility.

You are not well. You had better/ought to/should see a doctor.

Give advise.

We must/have to work on Sunday morning. Necessity.

My watch says that it’s only 10 o’clock. It must have stopped.

assumption concerning a past action.

Someone could have stolen his money. Seem like a possibility.

She couldn’t have gone to office. It closes on Sunday. Seem like an impossibility.

MUST HAVE TO Possitive : Similar meanings

Eg : You have to go = You must go.

Negative : You mustn’t leave. (You can not stay)

You don’t have to leave. (You can go or stay, it’s up to you)

Didn’t need to Needn’t have PPUnnecessary .

Ex: We didn’t need to go to the market because we have plenty of food.

Already did, but not necessary.

Ex : We needn’t have gone to the supermarket . We already had a pizza for tonight.

Need + infinitive and need + gerund.Need + inf with the same meaning as an

active.Ex: You need to open the windows.

Need + gerund with the same meaning as a passive.

Ex: The windows need cleaning.

S + should have/ought to have + PPWe use these forms when someone didn’t

do the right thing.Ex: Forest is necessary to our life. We

shouldn’t have deforested.Ex: We didn’t play well. We should have

played better.

S + may/might/can/could have + PP.We use these forms to say that possibly something

happened in the past.Ex: I may have got lost my key (perhaps I have got lost)Ex: I might not have locked the door (Perhaps I didn’t

lock it)Must and can’t are opposites.

Ex: You’re only spent 1 minutes to read book. You can’t have remembered (something is impossible)

Ex: Tom gets sick. He must have stayed in hotel (something is certainly true)

BASIC PRINCIPLE

Singular subjects need singular verbs; plural subjects need plural verbs.

6. SUBJECT – VERB AGREEMENT

Some important things!Examples:

Everyone in the class wants to take part in the activities.

Each student has to do their homework. Some teachers are very strict. Some hair has already turned white. Neither of them is going to take the exam today. A part of the citizens is very disappointed with the

new policy.

Some important things!Singular Plural

_Anyone, Everyone, Someone, no one, nobody ._Each._Some => Singular if the noun is uncountable._neither and either._half of, a part of, a percentage of, a majority of ,….

_Some => Plural if the noun is countable._In formal writing, neither and either sometimes take a plural verb when these pronouns are followed by a prepositional phrase beginning with of. Ex: Have either of you two read the assignment?_half of, a part of, a percentage of, a majority of ,…

“OR” and “”NOR”

• The conjunction or does not conjoin (as and does): when nor or or is used the subject closer to the verb determines the number of the verb.– neither jim nor his brothers are going to say

anything about it.– either Jim or his father is going to sell the house.– Is either Jim’s father or him going to sell the house?– Are neither Jim’s brothers nor him going to prison.

New problem.

• Together with, as well as, along

with…Þthese will modify the

earlier word.Ex: the mayor as well as his brother is going

to prison.

• AndÞ this will compound

the subjects.Ex: the mayor and his brother are going to prison.

Sometimes:

What we think: plural

Actually: singular

Words such as glasses, pants, pliers, and scissors are regarded as plural (and require plural verbs) unless they're preceded the phrase pair of (in which case the word pair becomes the subject).Ex: _My glasses were on the bed._A pair of plaid trousers is in the closet.