ventilacija predavanja

7/25/2019 ventilacija predavanja

1/36

UNIVERZITET U NIUFAKULTET ZATITE NA RADU U NIU

VENTILACIJA POARNO UGROENIH PROSTORA

- IZVODI IZ PREDAVANJA

NI, 2014.


2/36

Ventilacija po arno ugroenih prostora

LEGISLATIVA

Za!" ! #a$%&%& !' (!)a*a +S-)/"& a"& R/(-&/ S*&/ *. 11132005

P*a6&"& ! %/7"&8&9 "!*9a%&6&9a #a #a$%&%- 6&!&7 !/a%a !' (!)a*a P*a6&"& ! %/7"&8&9 "!*9a%&6&9a #a #a$%&%- a'&$%a !' (!)a*a &

/(!#&a

P*a6&"& ! %/7"&8&9 "!*9a%&6&9a #a #a$%&%- //%*!/"/*/%&7

(!%*!/"a & -*/:aa !' (!)a*a

P*a6&"& ! %/7"&8&9 "!*9a%&6&9a #a %a&"/ &"%aa;&/ #a '/%/;&-

/(!#&6"&7 a!6a & (a*a

P*a6&"& ! %/7"&8&9 "!*9a%&6&9a #a %a&"/ &"%aa;&/ #a '!a6-(!)a*a

P*a6&"& ! -!!6/"&9 %a"'a*'&9a #a (*!%&6/(!#&- #a$%&%-

P*a6&"& ! %/7"&8&9 "!*9a%&6&9a #a &%/9/ #a 6/"%&a;&- &

&9a%a;&-

P*a6&"& ! %/7"&8&9 "!*9a%&6&9a #a -*/:a/ #a a-%!9a%! #a%6a*a"/

6*a%a && a("& !%(!*"&7 !%(!*"&7 (*/9a (!)a*-

P*a6&"& ! %/7"&8&9 "!*9a%&6&9a #a &%/9/ #a !'6!:/"/ '&9a &%!(!%/ "a%a&7 - (!)a*-

U*/'a ! 9/*a9a #a$%&%/ !' (!)a*a (*& !:/"- *a'!6a #a6a*&6a"a,

*/#a"a & /9/"a

P*a6&"& ! *a'"& (!%*!/"a #a #a(a&6/ %/8"!%& & ! -a'&$%a6a"-

& (*/%aa"- #a(a&6&7 %/8"!%&

P*a6&"& ! *a'"& %a"&;a #a "a'/6a"/ !*&6!9 9!%!*"&7 6!#&a & !

-a'&$%a6a"- & (*/%aa"- !*&6a

P*a6&"& ! %/7"&8&9 "!*9a%&6&9a #a -*/:a/ - !&9a / "a"!/ & -$/

(*/9a#"a */'%6a

P*a6&"& ! %/7"&8&9 "!*9a%&6&9a #a #a$%&%- a*a)a #a (-%"&8/

a-%!9!&/ !' (!)a*a & /(!#&a

2


3/36


OSNOVNI POJ


4/36


S !#&*!9 'a %a"'a*'&9a "&- '/>&"&a"& //9/"%& %&(&7 *a:/6&"&7

!"%*-;&a, 9!*a- / 6*$&%& !'!6a*a-=a &(&%&6a"a - ;&- -%6*:&6a"a

a*a%/*&%&a &%"&7 a a(/%a #a$%&%/ !' (!)a*a.

POARNO OPTEREENJE

Poarno optereenje/ '/>&"&a"! %a"'a*'!9 JUS U.J1.0B0

O6a %a"'a*' !(&-/ "a8&" !'*/:&6a"a (!)a*"! !(%/*/=/"a /'"! !/%a

&& *a:/6&"! !9(/a *a'& (*/'-#&9a"a a%&6"&7 9/*a !'*a"/ !' (!)a*a.

Ra#&-- / -!("! (!)a*"! !(%/*/=/"/ & (/;&>&8"! (!)a*"! !(%/*/=/"/.

SISTE


5/36


P*/9a "a8&"- %*-a"a 6a#'-7a, 6/"%&a;&a 9!)/ 'a / (!'/& "a prirodnu &

prinudnu+9/7a"&8-5.

O"!6"& *a#!#& #a 6/"%&a;&- -"-%*a$"/ (*!%!*a -

- '!6!:/"/ (!"! 6a#'-7a - #a%6!*/"& -"-%*a$"& (*!%!*,

- *a#*/:&6a"/ !";/"%*a;&/ #aa:&6a8a - 6a#'-7- (*!%! (!"/

6a#'-7a 9!)/ #a6&&%& !' !";/"%*a;&/ #aa:&6a8a


6/36


O'6!'"& !%6!*& 9!*a- &%& "a $%! 6/=! 6&&"& "a -(*!%"!9 (!"!9 #&'- -

!'"!- "a '!6!'"/ !%6!*/, a! & / !/#/'&! (!(*/8"! &(&*a"/ (*!%!*&/.

Na9a"a 6&&"a "a !- / (!%a6a !'6!'"& !%6!* "!& 23B --("/

-"-%*a$"/ 6&&"/ (*!%!*&/ *a8-"a-=& !' (!'a '! '!"/ &6&;/ !'6!'"!

!%6!*a. D!6!'"& & !'6!'"& !%6!*& 9!*a- &%& /'/"& %a! 'a "/ (!%!&

9!-="!% "&7!6! #a%6a*a"a & 'a / !/#/:/"a "&7!6a />/%&6"a (!6*$&"a.

PRINUDNA VENTILACIJA

Prinu#na ventilacija!'& / -*a'"!9 !'&"&7 6/"%&a%!*a & !/#/:/"/9

(*&*!'"! '!6!'a 6/)/ 6a#'-7a !'"!"! -*a'"!9 6/"%&a%!*a #a -a;&6a"/

6/)/ 6a#'-7a.U!&! (!%!/ 9/%a "a !&9a =/ / /(!#&6"a 9/$a 6/*!6a%"! (!a6&%& #a

6*/9/ "!*9a"! (!!"a, !'"!"! 9/%a "a !&9a "&/ 6/*!6a%"! 'a =/ /

/(!#&6"a 9/$a (!a6&%& #a 6*/9/ "!*9a"! (!!"a, a a! / &(a (!a6&

%*a/ a9! *a%! 6*/9/, "a(!6!"&/ */$/"/ / 'a / -*a'& lokalni sistem

odsisavanja sa (*&*!'"&9 '!%!!9 6/)/ 6a#'-7a.

T! / -8a a 9/%!9 #a -#&9a"/ -#!*aa & $a*)&*a"/ &*!6&"a - 7/9&&9

(!%*!/"&9a, "a 9/%&9a (aa"a '/!6a /(!6&9a !& a'*)/ #a(a&6/!9(!"/"%/, "a 9/%&9a '/ / 6*$& *-8"! "a"!$/"/ !/ && a&*a"/ '/!6a,

a a'a9a #a "a"!$/"/ !/ (!%a(a"/9, - %/*9&8! !*a'& 9/%aa, a

a"a&9a #a (!(*a6- 6!#&a & .

DEFINICIJE I KLASIFIKACIJA POARNO UGROENIH PROSTORA

KATEGORIZACIJA PRE


7/36


a%/!*a;&- !/a%a, '/a%"!%& & #/9&$%a (*/9a -*!)/"!%& !' (!)a*a -

#a6&"!%& !' %/7"!!$! (*!;/a !& / - "&9a !'6&a 6*%/ & !&8&"/

9a%/*&aa !& / (*!!'&, (*/*a:-/ && a'&$%& 6*%/ 9a%/*&aa

-(!%*//"! #a *a'"- !/%a #"a8aa & 6/&8&"/ !/%a & 6*%/ &"!

(!*&6a8a.

O/%&, '/a%"!%& & #/9&$%a *a#6*%a6a- / - /'/=/ a%/!*&/

- a 6&!&9 *&!9 !' &a"a (!)a*a (*6a a%/!*&a -*!)/"!%& !'

(!)a*a

- a (!6/=a"&9 *&!9 !' &a"a (!)a*a '*-a a%/!*&a -*!)/"!%&

!' (!)a*a

- a /"&9 *&!9 !' &a"a (!)a*a %*/=a a%/!*&a -*!)/"!%& !'

(!)a*a.

P! %&(- (*!%!*a !& 9!)/ &%& (*!%!*"! -*!)/", (!'/a / 6*$& "a

- P!'#/9"/ *a:/6&"/ !/%/

- Na'#/9"/ (*/9"/ & 6&$/(*a%"/ !/%&

- Sa'&$%a

- P*!%!*/ -*!)/"/ /(!#&6"&9 9/$a9a a!6a & (a*a- -9/, (!a,...

P OARNI SEKTORI

P!)a*"& /%!* / !"!6"a (*!%!*"a /'&"&;a !/%a !a / 9!)/ a9!%a"!

%*/%&*a%& - (!/'- "/&7 %/7"&8&7, !*a"a;&!"&7 9/*a #a$%&%/ !' (!)a*a

+(*!;/"a *&a, #!"/ '!a6/ (!)a*a, #!"a a-%!9a%! #a(*/9&"! a$/"a

(!)a*a &%'.5, a !'//" / !' !%a&7 '/!6a !/%a !"%*-;&a9a !%(!*"&9

(*/9a (!)a*-. Ka! (!/a" (!)a*"& /%!*& !'/ / %a"!6& - 6&$/(*a%"&;a9a

&& (*!%!*&/ !/ 8&"/ /'"! (*!!'"!, (!!6"!, a'&$"! && &8"!

!'//"/.

7


8/36


OTPORNOST O@JEKATA PRE&"&a"a / (*a6&"&!9 #a "!/=/ //9/"%/ & !"%*-;&/, "!/=/ #&'!6/,

//9/"%/ (-%/6a #a /6a-a;&- & '*.

Za !%(!*"!% !%a&7 //9/"a%a !*&%& / %a/a !a / a%a6"& '/! %a"'a*'a

JUS U.J1.240.

P*a6&"& ! !a6/#"!9 a%/%&*a"- //9/"a%a %&(&7 *a:/6&"&7 !"%*-;&a

"a !%(!*"!% (*/9a (!)a*- (*!(&-/ "a8&" & 9/%!'/ &(&%&6a"a.

S%a"'a*'!9 JUS U.J1.240 -%6*:-/ / !%(!*"!% #*a'/ (*/9a (!)a*- && '/a

#*a'/, (*/9a %a/& !'"!"! (*/9a %a"'a*'"&9 %&(!6&9a !"%*-;&/

#*a'/. O'*/:-/ /

- --("a (!)a*"a !(%/*/=/"!% #*a'/, "a !"!6- !;/"/ (*/9a %a/&- (!)a*"a !%(!*"!%* (!/'&"&7 *a:/6&"&7 !"%*-;&a !/ 8&"/

!/a%, "a !"!6- %a"'a*'!6a"/ 6*/'"!%& %/(/"a (!)a*"/

!%(!*"!%& !/%a (*/9a %/7"&8!9 -!6- (! "a9/"&.

Nain o#re$ivanja

P!/'&"a8"/ !%(!*"!%& *a:/6&"&7 !"%*-;&a !/ 8&"/ !/a% !'*/:--/

- "a !"!6- &(&%&6a"a (*/9a JUS %a"'a*'&9a "a#"a8/"&9 - !!"& 2

%a//

- (*/9a 6*/'"!%&9a -%6*:/"&9 - 6a)/=&9 (*!(&&9a #a %a"'a*'!6a"&

%/(/" !%(!*"!%& #*a'a (*!%&6 (!)a*a, 9&"&9a"/ (!/'&"a8"/

!%(!*"!%& *a:/6&"&7 !"%*-;&a -%6*:/"/ - %a/&, !!"/ 4 '! .

8


9/36


V*%/

*a:/6&"/

!"%*-;&/

S%a"'a*'

#a

&(&%&6a"/

!%(!*"!%&

(*/9a(!)a*-

P!!)a

S%/(/" !%(!*"!%& (*/9a (!)a*- %a"'a*'"& %&(!6&

!"%*-;&/I II III IV V

@/#

!%(!*"!%

&

aa'"& #&'!6&

U.J1.00

K!"%*-;&//6a-a;&!"!

(-%a 1321,0 2,0 B,0

Z&'!6& U.J1.00

G*a"&;a

(!)a*"!0

1/%!*a 1 1 1, 2,0 B,0


10/36


Vre#novanje stepena otpornosti prema poaru

Z*a'a && (!)a*"& /%!* +'/! !/%a5 &9a !"a %/(/" !%(!*"!%& (*!%&6

(!)a*a, a! - (!/'&"a8"/ !%(!*"!%& *a:/6&"&7 !"%*-;&a "a6/'/"/ -

%a/& 6/=/ && /'"a/ "a#"a8/"&9 6*/'"!%&9a. A! #*a'a && (!)a*"& /%!*

&9a (!/'&"/ *a:/6&"/ !"%*-;&/ a !%(!*"!$=- 6/=!9 && /'"a!9 !"!

"a#"a8/"! #a (!/'&"& %/(/", a a9! /'"a !"%*-;&a &9a %- 6*/'"!%

9a"-, !/a% &9a !"a %/(/" !%(!*"!%& !& !'!6a*a "a6/'/"! 9a"!

!%(!*"!%&. A! / #*a'a a%!& !' 6&$/ (!)a*"&7 /%!*a *a#&8&%! %/(/"a

!%(!*"!%& (*!%&6 (!)a*a, #*a'a &9a !"a %/(/" !%(!*"!%& !& &9a (!)a*"&

/%!* a "a9a"!9 !%(!*"!%&.

ZONE OPASNOSTI PROSTORA UGROENIH EKSPLOZIVNI< S/*&9 -!6&9a & a&>&a;&a %&7 (*!%!*a "a #!"/ !(a"!%&,

-#&9a-=& - !#&* %/(/"/ !(a"!%&.

- JUS N.S.00311

- JUS N.S.0031312

EKSPLOZIVNA AT/*&9 -!6&9a, - !! / "a!" (a/"a (!)a* $&*&

(! 8&%a6! "/(!%*!$/"! 9/$&.

UGROENI PROSTOR

)&roeni prostor (*!%!* - !9/ / /(!#&6"a a%9!>/*a (*&-%"a && / 9!)/

!8/&6a%& & "/"a (*&-%"!% - !&8&"a9a !/ #a7%/6a- (!/"/ 9/*/ !(*/#a -

(!/'- /'/, 9!"%a)/ & -(!%*// //%*&8"&7 -*/:aa.

10


11/36


NEUGROENI PROSTOR

Neu&roeni prostor (*!%!* - !9/ / "/ !8/-/ (*&-%6! /(!#&6"/

a%9!>/*/ - !&8&"a9a !/ & #a7%/6a/ (!/"/ 9/*/ !(*/#a - (!/'-

/'/, 9!"%a)/ & -(!%*// //%*&8"&7 -*/:aa.

ZONE OPASNOSTI

*one opasnosti -*!)/"& (*!%!*& !& / a&>&-- - #!"/ "a !"!6-

-8/%a!%& (!a6&6a"a & %*aa"a /(!#&6"/ a%9!>/*/ & %!

- *ona opasnosti + (*!%!* - !9/ / /(!#&6"a a%9!>/*a (*&-%"a

%a"! && '-)& (/*&!' 6*/9/"a

- *ona opasnosti , P*!%!* - !9/ / "!*9a"! 'a =/ / /(!#&6"a

a%9!>/*a (!a6&%& - %!- "!*9a"! (*!;/a *a'a

- *ona opasnosti - (*!%!* - !/9 "&/ 6/*!6a%"! 'a =/ / /(!#&6"a

a%9!>/*a (!a6&%& #a 6*/9/ "!*9a"! (!!"a, a a! / &(a (!a6&,

%*aa=/ a9! *a%! 6*/9/.

IZVOR OPASNOSTI

I#6!* !(a"!%& / %a8a && 9/%! !/ a, (a*a, 9aa && %/8"!% 9!-

a#&%& - a%9!>/*-, %a! 'a 9!)/ "a%a%& /(!#&6"a a%9!>/*a.

S%/(/"& !*a !(a"!%&'// / "a %*aa", (*&9a*a" & /-"'a*a".

NOR


12/36


VENTILACIJA

P*&*!'"a 6/"%&a;&a / */%a"/ 6a#'-7a & "/!6a #a9/"a 6/)&9 6a#'-7!9

-/' '/!6a"a 6/%*a &3&& *a#&/ %/9(/*a%-*/.

O($%a 6/$%a8a 6/"%&a;&a / */%a"/ 6a#'-7a & "/!6a #a9/"a 6/)&9

6a#'-7!9 6/$%a8&9 "a8&"!9, "a (*&9/* -# (!9!= 6/"%&a%!*a "a 8&%a6!9

(!'*-8-.

L!a"a 6/$%a8a 6/"%&a;&a / */%a"/ 6a#'-7a & "/!6a #a9/"a 6/)&9

6a#'-7!9 6/$%a8&9 "a8&"!9, !&8"! a8/"/9, (*&9/"/"a "a (!/'&"&

!* !(a"!%& && !a"! (!'*-8/.

ZAPALJIVI /*-.

ZAPALJIVA TENOST

Za(a&6a %/8"!% / %/8"!% !a / - %a"- 'a %6!*& #a(a&6- (a*- && 9a-

(!' (*/'6&'&6&9 (!!"&9 -!6&9a.

ZAPALJIVA /*-.

12


13/36


%I%TE.I * VENTIL!I") I /LI.TI*!I")

IZRAZI I DEFINICIJE

/anal za vaz#uh/ a"a !&9 / - (*!%!*&- '!6!'& !*a:/"& 6a#'-7 && /

(*!%!*&/ !'6!'& #aa:/"& 6a#'-7.

/lapna/ #a!(a; !& a-%!9a%& #a%6a*a (*!a# '&9a & %!(!%/ - /'"!9 '/-

a"aa #a 6a#'-7 & (*/8a6a $&*/"/ (!)a*a /'"! (!)a*"! /%!*a - '*-&, &

%! - !a 9/*a.

/omora za ventilaciju&& &9a%a;&- / 6a#'-$"a !9!*a !a / (!6/#a"a a

6&$/ a"aa %a! 'a 8&"& a%a6"& '/! -*/:aa #a -a;&6a"/ 6/)/ 6a#'-7a &&

#a a;&6a"/ #aa:/"! 6a#'-7a.

Prostorija u&roena eksplozivnom sme0om/ (*!%!*&a - !! !";/"%*a;&a

!9(!"/"a%a !/ 8&"/ /(!#&6"- 9/$- (*/9a$-/ 6*/'"!% !' 10M '!"/

*a"&;/ /(!#&6"!%& &! !/ !' !9(!"/"a%a && (!%!& %a"a !(a"!% 'a

/ !*a#-/ /(!#&6"a 9/$a.

%istem za klimatizaciju/ !( -*/:aa "a9/"/" #a %6a*a"/ & !'*)a6a"/

#a'a%&7 (a*a9/%a*a 6a#'-7a - (*!%!*&a9a +%/9(/*a%-*a, 6a)"!%, 8&%!=a6a#'-7a & .5.

%istem za ventilaciju / !( -*/:aa (!9!=- !&7 / (*!6/%*a6a-

(*!%!*&/

%poljna oblo&a/ !9!%a8 !! !"!6"! 9a%/*&aa &%/9a #a 6/"%&a;&- &&

&9a%a;&- !& !-76a%a /(&a, !a;&!"a */'%6a, '/!*a%&6"-, a-%&8"- &

#a$%&%"- !!-.

%istem za klimatizaciju vaz#uha sa recirkulacijom "/ 9/ / (*&9/"&%& -(*!%!*&a9a - !&9a / !a6a- %/7"!!$& (*!;/& && *a'"/ !(/*a;&/, (*&

!&9a / !*&%/

9a%/*&/ !/ / 9!- #a(a&%& && /(!'&*a%& - '!'&*- a 6!'!9

&& &/!"&!9 6a#'-7a

#a(a&6/ %/8"!%& a %a8!9 (a/"a &(!' 0!C

13


14/36


#a(a&6& a!6& !& - 9/$& a 6a#'-7!9 *a'/ /(!#&6"/

9/$/

9a%/*&/ !/ (*& !*a'& %6a*a- (*a$&"- !a a 6a#'-7!9 (*a6&

/(!#&6"- 9/$-.

A! !' &%/9a #a &9a%a;&- (!%!& 9!-="!% (*!'!*a #a(a&6&7 a!6a,

(a*a #a(a&6&7 %/8"!%& && #a(a&6/ (*a$&"/ '! /"&6a8a %!(!%/, "/!6a

%/9(/*a%-*a 9!*a &%& "&)a

#a "a9a"/ 20M !' "a"&)/ %/9(/*a%-*/ a9!(a/"a (*&-%"&7

#a(a&6&7 a!6a & (a*a #a(a&6&7 %/8"!%&

#a "a9a"/ !C !' "a"&)/ %/9(/*a%-*/ %&"a"a (*&-%"/

#a(a&6/ (*a$&"/.

A! (!%!& 9!-="!% 'a / "a /"&6a8- %!(!%/ %a!)/, /(/ && "a '*-&

"a8&" -(a- &! a6/ 9a%/*&/, (!6*$&"a /"&6a8a 9!*a &%& (!!'"a #a

a! 8&$=/"/.

U (*!%!*&a9a '/ / !a6a- %/7"!!$& (*!;/& && *a'"/ !(/*a;&/ (*&

!&9a / !*&%/ 9a%/*&/ +#a(a&6& a, (a*/ #a(a&6&7 %/8"!%&, (*a$&"a &

'*.5, 9!*a (!%!a%& 9!-="!% #a !"%*!- &%/9a #a 6/"%&a;&- &&

&9a%a;&- a /'"! 9/%a, !'a/ & / !*&!6aa */a;&a "a '/%/%!6a"-(!a6- +#a(a&6& a, (a*/ #a(a&6&7 %/8"!%&, (*a$&"a & '*.5

U &%/9- #a 6/"%&a;&- 6a#'-7a #aa:/"! #a(a&6&9 9a%/*&a9a !/

!*a#-- /(!#&6"- 9/$-, !";/"%*a;&a #a(a&6&7 !9(!"/"a%a "/ 9/ 'a

(*/:/ 0M !' 6*/'"!%& '!"/ *a"&;/ /(!#&6"!%&, a %/9(/*a%-*a "/ 9/

'!%&=& 0M 6*/'"!%& %/9(/*a%-*/ (a/"a !9(!"/"%/ a "a"&)!9

%/9(/*a%-*!9 (a/"a.

S6& '/!6& &%/9a #a 6/"%&a;&- && &9a%a;&- 9!*a- &%& "a(*a6/"& !'"/!*&6! 9a%/*&aa, a a%&9 -"-%*a$"&9 (!6*$&"a9a & /# &%-*/"&7 '/!6a

"a !/ & / 9!a -(a%& 9a"!=a & (*a6$%&"a.

K!9!*/ &%/9a #a 6/"%&a;&- && &9a%a;&- "a9/"/"/ #a !(-)&6a"/

(*!%!*&a - !&9a / !*&%/ 9a%/*&/ +#a(a&6& a, (a*/ #a(a&6&7 %/8"!%&,

14


15/36


(*a$&"a & '*.5 9/$%a- / - (!/"/ (*!%!*&/ *a:/"/ !' 9a%/*&aa

!%(!*"! (*/9a (!)a*- "a9a"/ 2 7.

U !6&9 (*!%!*&a9a, "&/ '!#6!/"! #a/'"&8! (!%a6a"/ !9!*a #a

6/"%&a;&- && &9a%a;&- (*!%!*&a - !&9a / "/ (!a6-- #a(a&6/

9a%/*&/ !/ a 6a#'-7!9 9!- !*a#!6a%& #a(a&6- 9/$-.

KO


16/36


15 "/(!*/'"! - !!'a" (*!%!*

25 "/(!*/'"! - 7!'"&/ && %/(/"&$%a a! 9/$a "&/ /(!#&6"a, a a!

/ 9/$a /(!#&6"a (*/! (*/'(*!%!*a - !/9 6a'a "a%(*&%&a

B5 - (*!%!*&- !a / !(-)-/, a! "&/ -*!)/"a /(!#&6"!9

9/$!9.

VENTILATORI

A! / 6/"%&a%!* !*&%& - (*!%!*&a9a - !&9a / %6a*a- /(!#&6"/ 9/$/,

9a%/*&a #a *a'- -=&$%a & !%a&7 //9/"a%a (*& *a'- "/ 9/ 'a %6a*a

6a*"&;/.

A! !"%*-;&!"&7 *a#!a /-*a #a *a'- '/!6a 6/"%&a%!*a a'*)& 6&$/ !'0,4M 9a"/#&-9a, -=&$%/ & !%a& '/!6& 9!*a- &%& (*/6-8/"& 9a%/*&a!9

!& "/ %6a*a 6a*"&;/ (*& -'a*- 86*%&7 8/%&;a.

V/"%&a%!*& !& / !*&%/ #a (*!6/%*a6a"/ (*!%!*&a - !&9a (!%!&

9!-="!% #a %6a*a"/ /(!#&6"/ 9/$/ 9!*a- 'a &9a- -&"& '/! /'/"

!' a*a && 9/&"a && !!)/" %&9 9a%/*&a!9.

V/"%&a%!* !& / !*&%& - #!"a9a !(a"!%& 9!*a &%& "a(*a6/" !' 9a%/*&aa

!& / (!%!a" (*/9a '/%6- a*/&6"&7 !9(!"/"a%a - #aa:/"!9 6a#'-7-!& / -&a6a.

D/!6& 6/"%&a%!*a !& / - -8a- 6a*a -#aa9"! '!'&*-- 9!*a- &%&

"a(*a6/"& !' 9a%/*&aa !& "/ %6a*a 6a*"&;/ (*& %*/"- && -'a*-.

V/"%&a%!*/ !9!*/ #a (*!6/%*a6a"/ (*!%!*&a - !&9a / "aa#& #a(a&6a

(*a$&"a 9!*a- "a -a#- &9a%& !'!6a*a-=/ >&%*/ #a (*a$&"- !& / 9!*a-

*/'!6"! !"%*!&a%&, 8&%&%& & !'*)a6a%&, a /)a/6& "a 6/"%&a%!*- 9!*a- &%&

#a(%&6/"&.

Za(a&6a !9(!"/"%a - 6&'- 9a/ 9!*a / !'%*a"&%& (*/ -aa 6a#'-7a -

6/"%&a%!*.

V/"%&a%!*& & "&7!6& '/!6& 9!*a- &%& *a:/"& %a! 'a (*&&!9 *a'a,

--8&6a"a & &-8&6a"a "/ '!:/ '!

16


17/36


15 %6a*a"a //%*&8"! -a && 6a*"&;/ +!"%a%& (*/&'a8a, !(& &

.5

25 #a*/6a"a (*!6!'"&a //%*&8"/ %*-/ "a 9!%!*-, (*&-$"&;&,

#a6!"&;& & .

B5 %6a*a"/ %a%&8! //%*&;&%/%a

45 %6a*a"/ 9/7a"&8/ 6a*"&;/ -/' -'a*a %*a"! %/a && 9/:-!"!

%*/"a (!/'&"&7 '/!6a 6/"%&a%!*a.

K"& /)a/6& "a 6/"%&a%!*- 9!- / -(!%*/a6a%& a9! !"'a a! /

-%6*:/"! 'a %/9(/*a%-*a /)aa - "!*9a"&9 (!!"&9 -!6&9a & !'

9!-=&7 9/%"& "/ (*/a#& 0M %/9(/*a%-*/ (a/"a a!6a && (a*a #a(a&6&7

%/8"!%& !/ / "aa#/ - 6a#'-7-.

K!' !6&7 /)a/6a, (*& 9a&9a"!9 *!- !*%aa, "/ 9/ '!=& '! 9a"/"a/>/%a #a(%&6a"a "a #a(%&6a8&9a.

L/)a/6& "a 6/"%&a%!*&9a !&9a / (*!6/%*a6a (*!%!* - !9/ / a6a- #!"/

!(a"!%&, (! (*a6&-, 9!*a- &%& (*/'6&:/"& #a *a' !' "a9a"/ 40 000 7.

A! - (*/'6&:/"& #a *a' !' 20 000 7 '! 40 000 7, 6/"%&a%!*& 9!*a- &%&

(!/"! !#"a8/"&.

O!6&"/ a 9a&9 -&!9 +*-%/ !!6&"/5 "a 6/"%&a%!*&9a 9!*a- / %a!

'&9/"#&!"&a%& 'a "&7!6 *&%&8a" *! !*%aa -'/ "a9a"/ B0M 9a"& !'"!*9a"! (!!"! *!a !*%aa.

K!' !!6&"a a 6/=&9 -&!9 +//%*&8"/ !!6&"/5 "a 6/"%&a%!*&9a *&%&8a" *!

!*%aa 9!*a "!&%& "a9a"/ 0M "a' "!*9a"! (!!"! *!a !*%aa.

L/)a/6& & (!!"& 9/7a"& 6/"%&a%!*a 9!*a- &%& !&-*a"& !' (*!'!*a &

%a!)/"a (*a$&"/ & '*-/ (*a6$%&"/.

R!%!* 6/"%&a%!*a 9!*a &%& "a !!6&"& %a%&8& & '&"a9&8& aa"&*a", !&-*a"

!' (!9&;a"a & #a*/%a"a & 9!*a (!/'!6a%& 86*%- !"%*-;&- !a "/

(!'/)/ #a9a*a"- & !a 9!)/ '*)a%& 9/7a"&8/ -'a*/.

K-=&$%/, *!%!*, #a$%&%"a a(a & '*-/ !!/ 9!*a- &%& %a! *a:/"& & -86*$=/"&

'a / &-8/"a 6aa '/>!*9a;&a && (!9/*a"/ 6/"%&a%!*a.

V/"%&a%!*& / 9!*a- !/#/'&%& !' -(a'a"a %*a"&7 %/a %a! $%! / "a

-a#"!9 & a#"!9 !%6!*- (!%a6& "/!*&6a 9/7a"&8a #a$%&%"a */$/%a a

17


18/36


!%6!*&9a !a 8&a / %*a"a "a6&$/ 99, !'"!"! 8&a / '&a!"aa "a6&$/ 12

99 & 9!*a- &%& !/#/:/"& !' 6/*%&a"! -(a'a %*a"&7 %/a #a$%&%"&9

(!!(;/9.

R/$/%a & #a$%&%"& (!!(a; 9!*a- &%& a6a"& (!/"& a !%a&9 '/!6&9a

6/"%&a;&!"! &%/9a & -#/9/"&.

V/"%&a%!*& 9!*a- &%& #a$%&=/"& !' !*!#&/ & %/*9&8&7 & 9/7a"&8&7

"a(*/#a"a.

A! / 6/"%&a%!*& (!%a6a- "a !%6!*/"!9 (*!%!*-, 9!*a- &%& #a$%&=/"& !'

(*!'!*a 6!'/.

A! / 6/"%&a%!*& !*&%/ - (*!%!*- '/ !!"a %/9(/*a%-*a "!& 6&$/ !'

40!C, 9!*a- &%& (*&a!:/"& #a (!6/=a"/ %/9(/*a%-*/ & "a "&9a 9!*a- &%&

!#"a8/"& 9a&9a"a %/9(/*a%-*a & 6*/9/ - %!- !/ / 9!- !*&%&%&.-a"& 6/"%&a%!*&, a (!!"& 9!%!* 9!*a &%& - (*!%&6/(!#&6"! #a$%&%&

& (!%a6/" 6a" #!"/ !(a"!%& 0.

Za (*!6/%*a6a"/ (*!%!*&a #!"/ !(a"!%& 0 !*&%/ / 6/"%&a%!*& a#a(%&6/"!9 !!6&"!9 I 9!%!*!9.

U #!"& !(a"!%& 0 "&/ '!#6!/"a -(!%*/a 6/"%&a%!*a a (!!"!9 (*/!

*/9/"a.

U #!"& !(a"!%& 1 & #!"& !(a"!%& 2 '!#6!/"a / -(!%*/a 6/"%&a%!*a a

(!!"!9 (*/! */9/"a, %&9 'a - */9/"& a"%&%a%&8"&, a /*/"a //%*&8"a

!%(!*"!% "/ (*/a#& 10 .

Ra#9a !' a&a"&7 & *a'&a"&7 6/"%&a%!*a /:- !*%"&7 !a & -=&$%a "/

9/ &%& 9a"& !' 2 99.

U %!- *a'a 6/"%&a%!*a '!#6!/"! / 9a"/"/ *a#9aa '! 1 99, (!'

-!6!9 'a (*& (*!"!9 (!!"- a 1,!%*-&9 *!/9 !*%aa 6/=&9 !'

"!*9a"! !*%"! !! "/ '!:/ - '!'&* a "/(!*/%"&9 '/!6&9a 6/"%&a%!*a (*&

&(&%&6a"- !/ 9!*a %*aa%& "a9a"/ 24 7.

18


19/36



20/36


15 (!/a" (!)a*"& /%!*

25 9/:-!"! !'6!/"/ #&'!6&9a !%(!*"&9 (*/9a (!)a*- - %*aa"- !'

1, 7 & a! --("a (!6*$&"a (*!%!*&/ "/ (*/a#& 1 000 92.


21/36


I#a#"& & -a#"& !%6!*& &%/9a #a 6/"%&a;&- && &9a%a;&- 9!- / 6/#&6a%& a

a"a&9a >/&&"&9 (!/6&9a !& "&- "a(*a6/"& !' "/!*&6! 9a%/*&aa

(!' -!6!9

15 'a - *a:/"& !' 9a%/*&aa !& "/ $&*/ (a9/"

25 'a / '-)&"a >/&&"! '/a a"aa 9a"a !' B, 9

B5 'a "/ (*!a#/ *!# *a"&8"& #&' /:- '6a (!)a*"a /%!*a

45 'a - %!- &"%a&a"a "/ 9!)/ '!=& '! "&7!6! !$%/=/"a, !'"!"! '!

'/>!*9a;&a - %!- -(!%*//.

A! / !'"! #a(*/9&"&7 9aa #a(a&6&7 a!6a & (a*a #a(a&6&7 %/8"!%&

(*/9a #a(*/9&"! 9a& 6a#'-7a '! 0,, &&a6a"/ / 6*$& !*"&7 #!"a

(*!%!*&/, $%! &)/ 9/%- >!*9&*a"a 9/$a6&"/ a!6a, a '!6!' 6/)/

6a#'-7a 9!*a &%& $%! 'a/ !' 9/%a "a%a"a 9/$a6&"/.A! / !'"! #a(*/9&"&7 9aa #a(a&6&7 a!6a & (a*a #a(a&6&7 %/8"!%&

(*/9a #a(*/9&"! 9a& 6a#'-7a "a' 0,, &&a6a"/ / 6*$& '!"&7 #!"a

(*!%!*&/, $%! &)/ 9/%- >!*9&*a"a 9/$a6&"/.

U (*!%!*&a9a - !&9a / %6a*a #a(a&6a (*a$&"a && (a*a 9a"!=a !/ /

9!- %a!)&%&, !"'/"#!6a%& & /(&%& "a #&'!6/ a"aa #a 6a#'-7, 9!*a- / "a

%&9 a"a&9a !/#/'&%& !%6!*& #a 8&$=/"/ & !'*)a6a"/. A! / (*// a"aa

9a"& !' 4 ;9 ;9, !%6!*& #a 8&$=/"/ (!%a6a- / "a *a#9a- !'"a6&$/ 9.

O%6!*& #a 8&$=/"/ & !'*)a6a"/ a"aa #a 6a#'-7 !& - 9/$%/"& "a 6&&"& '!

2,20 9 9!*a- &%& !/#/:/"& !' !%6a*a"a - %!- *a'a.

P*&&!9 (!%a6a"a a"aa #a 6a#'-7 "a !"%*-;&!"/ //9/"%/ !/%a "/

9/ / !$%/%&%& !!a !a / (!%a6/"a "a %/ //9/"%/ *a'& (!6/=a"a

!%(!*"!%& (*/9a (!)a*-.

P!%a6a"/ a"aa #a 6a#'-7 /:- !"%*-;&!"! //9/"%a & #a$%&%"/

!!/ %! //9/"%a '!#6!/"! / a9! - -8a/6&9a a' - a"a& !#&'a"& &

a' !!a a"aa &9a &%- !%(!*"!% (*/9a (!)a*- a! & !"%*-;&!"& //9/"%

-# !& / a"a (!%a6a.

P*& (*!a#- *!# !*&6/ !"%*-;&!"/ //9/"%/ !/%a, a"a #a 6a#'-7 /

#a$%&=-/ !aa"/9 "/!*&6&9 %/*9!!a;&!"&9 9a%/*&a!9 %a! 'a

21


22/36


%/9(/*a%-*a "a (!"! (!6*$&"& a"aa "/ (*/a#& 0!C && 'a *a%!a"/

/:- (!"/ (!6*$&"/ a"aa & !"%*-;&!"! //9/"%a "!& "a9a"/ 100

99.

P*& (*!a#- *!# !"%*-;&!"/ //9/"%/ +#&'!6/, 9/:-(*a%"/ !"%*-;&/ &

.5 !'*/:/"/ !%(!*"!%& (*/9a (!)a*-, a"a& #a 6a#'-7 !a)- / "/!*&6&9

!a;&!"&9 9a%/*&a!9 &%/ !%(!*"!%& (*/9a (!)a*- a! & !"%*-;&!"&

//9/"%&, a "a9a"a '-)&"a !!)/"! '/a a"aa "/ 9/ &%& 9a"a !' 0

;9 a 6a/ %*a"/ !"%*-;&!"! //9/"%a.


23/36


A! / -a#"& && a#"& !%6!*& #a 6a#'-7 "aa#/ "a 6&&"& '! 2,2 9 !' (!'a,

9!*a- &%& #a$%&=/"& */$/%a9a && )&8a"&9 9*/)a9a a !;&9a 9a"&9 !' 10

99.

Ua#"& !%6!*& #a 8&% 6a#'-7 #a$%&=-- / 9*/)a9a !/ - !%(!*"/ (*/9a

!*!#&&.

R/$/%/ "a -a#"&9 !%6!*&9a #a 6a#'-7 (*a6/ / !' "/!*&6! 9a%/*&aa.


24/36


25 "a 9/%- '/ a"a (*!a#& *!# #&' #a !& / (!%a6a -!6 -

(!/'- "/!6/ !%(!*"!%& (*/9a (!)a*-, a %aa6 #&' "/ 8&"& *a"&;- (!)a*"!

/%!*a

B5 "a 9/%- '/ a"a -a#& && a#& a6"! a"aa #a 6a#'-7

45 "a 9/%- '/ 6/*%&a"& a"a #a 6a#'-7, !& (!6/#-/ 7!*!"%a"&

a"a a (!/'&"! (*a%a, (*!a#& *!# 9/:-(*a%"- !"%*-;&- && "a 9/%-

'/ / 7!*!"%aa" a"a #a 6a#'-7, !& (*!a#& a9! *!# #&' !& (*/'%a6a

*a"&;- /:- '6a (!)a*"a /%!*a, (aa a 6/*%&a"&9 a"a!9

5 "a -&"!9 !%6!*- #a 6/) 6a#'-7

5 "a *a- a"aa #a a;&6a"/ #aa:/"! 6a#'-7a - !!&"-

5 "a -a#- ;&*-a;&!"! 6a#'-7a - !9!*-

5 "a -a#- & a#- a"aa $a7%a5 "a -a#- a"aa - 9/:-(*!%!* (*& (*!a#- a"aa *!# '-(/ (!'!6/.

I#-#/%"! a("/ / "/ 9!*a- (!%a6&%&

15 - a"a 8&a / (!6*$&"a (*//a '! 1B0 ;9B & %aa6 a"a "a'/6a

a9! /'a" (*a%, a 6a#'-7 / -a;-/ "a 6&&"& 9a"! !' 1,2 9 !' (!'a

25 - a"a 8&a / (!6*$&"a (*//a '! 1B0 ;92, !& (*!a#& *!#

9/:-(*a%"- !"%*-;&- a9! "a /'"!9 9/%- & -)& a9! #a /'a" (*a%, a6a#'-7 / a;-/ a 6&&"/ 9a"/ !' 1,2 9 !' (!'a

B5 - a"a !& -)& #a !'6!:/"/ 6a#'-7a a9! a /'"! (*a%a -

!!'a" (*!%!*, a !& "/ (*!a#& *!# *a"&8"/ !"%*-;&/ (!)a*"&7 /%!*a

45 - 7!*!"%aa" a"a !& / (!/" a 6/*%&a"&9 !'&"&9 a"a!9 -

!9/ 6a#'-7 %*-& (*/9a !*/, (!' -!6!9 'a / 7!*!"%a"& a"a (*!'-)/"

- -"-%*a$"!% 6/*%&a"! a"aa & 'a 9- / !%6!* !*/"-% (*/9a !*/ "a

"a9a"/ 0 ;9.

Ka"a& #a !'6!:/"/ 6a#'-7a (*!%!*&a - !&9a / %6a*a- (a*/ 9a"!=a

9!*a- (*&(a'a%& #a/"!9 &%/9- #a 6/"%&a;&- & - "&7 / "/ 9/-

(!%a6a%& a("/.

Ka("/ / !a6/#"! (!%a6a- - */'&"- '/&"/ #&'a && %a6a"&;/, %a! 'a /

-=&$%/ a("/ "aa#& - /'"! & '*-! (*!%!*&& '6a -/'"a (!)a*"a /%!*a.

24


25/36


A! "&/ 9!-=/ -*a'&%& a("/ "a !6&9 9/%&9a, a("/ / (!%a6a- a"

#&'a, a& %a! 'a / '/! a"aa /:- #&'a & a("/ !!)& #a$%&%"!9 !!!9

!a &9a &%& %/(/" !%(!*"!%& (*/9a (!)a*- a! & a9 #&' && %a6a"&;a.

Ra%!a"/ /:- a("/ & a#"/ */$/%/ "a a"a- #a a;&6a"/ #aa:/"!

6a#'-7a, a! & a("/ & -&"/ */$/%/ "a -a#- 6/)/ 6a#'-7a "/ 9/ 'a -'/

9a"/ !' 1, ', '/ / ' (*/8"& a"aa +a! / *-)"! (*//a5, !'"!"!

*a=a %*a"a (*//a a"aa +a! / (*a6!-a!"! (*//a5.

Ka("a "a %*a"& (!%&"! a"aa !9!*a #a 6/"%&a;&- && &9a%a;&- 9!*a

&%& !/#/:/"a '6!%*-!9 !9a"'!9 #a a-%!9a%! #a%6a*a"/ - /'/=&9

-8a/6&9a

15 a' (!)a* "a%a"/ - (*!%!*&& !- !(-)-/ !9!*a #a 6/"%&a;&- &&

&9a%a;&-25 a' (!)a* "/%a"/ - a9!9 (!%*!/"- &%/9a #a 6/"%&a;&- &&

&9a%a;&-.

Naa/ (*a$&"/ & (*a6$%&"/ "/ 9/- !9/%a%& "!*9aa" *a' a("&.

P*a6a; 6a#'-$"/ %*-/ 9!*a / %*a"! !#"a8&%& "a -=&$%- a("/ & 9!*a &%&

6&'&6 & a' / a("a -*a:/"a.

K-=&$%/ a("/ 9!*a 'a -'/ 7/*9/%&8& /'/"! & - -8a- (!)a*a 9!*a 'a

-'/ %a&"!, a !"%*-;&!"! 9!*a 'a -'/ (!'/$/"! %a! 'a 6a !(%/*/=/"a!a a("a (*&9a - #a%6!*/"!9 (!!)a- (*/"// "a (!"/ *a:/6&"/

//9/"%/.

Ka("/ 9!*a- &%& !(*/9/"/ -*/:a&9a #a a-%!9a%! #a%6a*a"/ - %*/"-%-

!%*&6a"a (!)a*a, a - &%! 6*/9/ 6/"%&a%!*& / 9!*a- a-%!9a%& &-8&%&

*a'a. P!*/' a-%!9a%! &-8&6a"a 9!*a (!%!a%& & %a%/* #a *-8"!

&-8&6a"/ 6/"%&a%!*a !& / (!%a6a "a (*&%-(a8"! 9/%!.

U -8a- 6a*a "a -*/:a&9a #a a-%!9a%! #a%6a*a"/ a("&, 6/ a("/

9!*a- / !'9a7 #a%6!*&%&.

A! / -*/:a #a #a%6a*a"/ a("& a%&6&*a (!9!=- '&9"&7 '/%/%!*a, %&

'/%/%!*& / (!%a6a- "a -&"- */$/%-, "a 9/%! '/ / !8/-/ "a6&$a

!";/"%*a;&a '&9a.

25


26/36


A! / #a a%&6&*a"/ -*/:aa #a #a%6a*a"/ a("& !*&%/ %/9(/*a%-*"&

'/%/%!*&, !"& / (!%a6a- %a! 'a %-(a- - *a' a' / %/9(/*a%-*a (!6/=a

"a 0!C.

P!/ a-%!9a%! #a%6a*a"a, a("/ !/ / !"%*!&$- a /'"! 9/%a

!%6a*a- / && #a%6a*a- (*/9a (!%*/&.

A! - !/%- (!%!& &%/9 #a a-%!9a%! !%*&6a"/ & a6a"/ ! (!)a*- &&

&%/9 #a a-%!9a%! a$/"/ (!)a*a, a%&6&*a"/ -*/:aa #a #a%6a*a"/ a("&

9!*a &%& -!6/"! a%&6&*a"/9 !6&7 &%/9a.

A! / &%/9 #a 6/"%&a;&- && &9a%a;&- !*&%& #a %6a*a"/ /#/'"&7

-!6a #a /6a-a;&- && a$/"/ (!)a*a, 9!*a (!%!a%& 9!-="!% #a

#a%6a*a"/ & !%6a*a"/ a("& a /'"! 9/%a.

P*/8"& a("/ 9!*a &%& 6/=& !' (*/8"&a a"aa - !& / (!%a6a.Ka("/ / 9!*a- 8&%&%& #a6&"! !' #aa:/"!%& 6a#'-7a !& / a8&

(*!%!*&a, a "a9a"/ /'a"(-% - $/% 9//;&.

)re$aji za automatsko iskopavanje u sluaju preoptereenosti

S&%/9& #a 6/"%&a;&- && &9a%a;&- 9!*a- &%& !(*/9/"& -*/:a&9a #a

a-%!9a%! &!(8a6a"/ - -8a- (*/!(%/*/=/"!%&, *a%! (!a && (!a a

#/9!9.U*/:a& #a &!(8a6a"/ 9!*a- &%& '&9/"#&!"&a"& %a! 'a

15 9!- (*/&"-%& 9a&9a"! 9!-=- %*-- *a%! (!a

25 #a$%&%a !' *a%! (!a -'/ a%&6&*a"a 9&"&9a"!9 %*-!9 *a%!

(!a - 6*/9/"- "/ '-)/9 !' 0,1 #a //%*&8"/ &"%aa;&/ - #!"& !(a"!%& 0 &

1 & "/ '-)/9 !' 0, #a //%*&8"/ &"%aa;&/ - #!"& !(a"!%& 2.

A! / #!"a !(a"!%& - (*!%!*&& !a / (*!6/%*a6a (!6*/9/"! 9/"a, &%/9

#a 6/"%&a;&- && &9a%a;&- (*!/%-/ / (*/9a #!"& "a6/=/ !(a"!%&.

E/%*&8"& -*/:a& & &"%aa;&/ - #!"a9a !(a"!%& 9!*a- &%& /'/"& -

(*!%&6/(!#&6"! #a$%&%&.

A! - -*/:a& (!%a6/"& - (*!%!*&9a -*!)/"&9 (*a$&"!9, 9!*a- &%&

!/#/:/"& !' (*!'!*a (*a$&"/.

26


27/36


U*/:a& !& / !*&%/ - #!"a9a !(a"!%& 9!*a- &%& !#"a8/"& (!/"&9

!#"aa9a !&7 - 6&'&6& 6*%a (*!%&6/(!#&6"/ #a$%&%/ & (!'*-8/ (*&9/"/.

Za -*/:a/ #a 6/"%&a;&- && &9a%a;&- !& - - #!"& !(a"!%& 9!*a /

*a'&%&

15 !(& %/7"!!$! (*!;/a

25 !(& -%6*:/"/ #!"/ !(a"!%& - (!/'&"&9 !/%&9a

B5 (*!*a8-" #a$%&%"/ 9*/)/ #a (! a #/9!9, *a%a (!, #a$%&%- !'

'!'&*"! "a(!"a & #a$%&%- !' a%9!>/*! (*a)"/"a

45 (/;&>&a;&a & !(& -*/:aa - (*!%&6/(!#&6"! #a$%&%&.

Ka!6& !&9a / (!6/#-- //%*&8"& -*/:a& &%/9a #a 6/"%&a;&- &&

&9a%a;&- - #!"& !(a"!%& 0 9!*a- &%& //%*&8& %a"! !"%*!&a"&, a9/- / !*&%&%& a9! a! / !%(!*"!% !a;&/ 6&$a !' 1000 (! 1 V

"a#&6"! "a(!"a.

A! &! !&7 *a#!a '!:/ '! 9a"/"a !%(!*"!%& &(!' '!#6!/"/

6*/'"!%&, %aa6 a 9!*a !'9a7 &%& &-8/" !*a "a(aa"a.

E/%*&8"& a!6& !& "a'/6a- /"/*&!9 -*/:a/ !& *a'/ #a 6*/9/

(!)a*a, 9!*a- &%& !%(!*"& (*/9a (!)a*- && / 9!*a- #a$%&%&%& %a! 'a *a'/

!&! & %& -*/:a&.S&%/9& #a 6/"%&a;&- && &9a%a;&- 9!*a- &%& -#/9/"&.

S&%/9& #a 6/"%&a;&- && &9a%a;&- (*/'6&:/"& 'a *a'/ - -!6&9a (!)a*a

9!*a- &9a%& "/#a6&"& */#/*6"& !* #a "a(aa"/ //%*&8"!9 %*-!9 !&

!/#/:-/ "/(*/&'a" *a' &%/9a - %*aa"- !' 100 9&".

%I%TE.I * /LI.TI*!I") I VENTIL!I") VI%O/I1 O2"E/T

S !#&*!9 "a "/9!-="!% !*a"&8a6a"a !&8&"/ !*&6&7 9a%/*&a -(*!%!*&a9a - ;&- !*a"&8a6a"a '/%6a (!)a*a, 6&!& !/%& / '// "a

(!)a*"/ /%!*/ & (!)a*"/ /9/"%/ - ;&- (*/8a6a"a $&*/"a (!)a*a

/'"! '/a !/%a - '*-&.

JUS U.J1.240 '/>&"&$/ (!)a*"/ /%!*/ & /9/"%/.

27


28/36


P!)a*"& /%!*& 6&!&7 !/a%a

P!)a*"& /%!* / !"!6"a (*!%!*"a /'&"&;a !/%a !a / 9!)/ a9!%a"!

%*/%&*a%& - (!/'- "/&7 %/7"&8&7 & !*a"a;&!"&7 9/*a #a$%&%/ !' (!)a*a

+(*!;/"a *&a, #!"/ '!a6/ (!)a*a, #!"a a-%!9a%! #a(*/9&"! a$/"a

(!)a*a &%'.5, a !'//" / !' !%a&7 '/!6a !/%a !"%*-;&a9a !%(!*"&9

(*/9a (!)a*-.

Ka! (!/a" (!)a*"& /%!* !'/ / %a"!6& - 6&$/(*a%"! #*a'&, &&

(*!%!*&/ !/ 8&"/ /'"! (*!!'"!, (!!6"!, a'&$"! && &8"! !'//"/

+!%a*"&;a, (*/'&!"&;a, (*&*-8"! a'&$%/, *a8-"& ;/"%a* & '*.5

P!)a*"& /%!* 8&"& /'"a && 6&$/ (*!%!*&a, !&8"! "a &%! /%a)&, !/

(*/'%a6a- >-";&!"a"- ;/&"-.

P!)a*"& /9/"%& 6&!&7 !/a%a

P!)a*"! '6!/"& '/! #*a'/ +(!)a*"&! /9/"%5 / '/! !/%a !&

!"%*-;&!"! & >-";&!"a"! 8&"& /'"- *a:/6&"- ;/&"- !a / (!)a*"!

'6!/"a !' !%a&7 '/!6a #*a'/ !"%*-;&a9a !%(!*"&9 (*/9a (!)a*- +"a

(*. J/'"a %a9/"a a9/a #*a'/ a 6&$/ a9/a, a'&$"& '/! *!"/ -=/,

%/7"&8& ! !"&;/, 6/=& *a8-"& ;/"%a* a"/, (!*%! */*/a%&6"& '/!

7!%/a & .5P!)a*"& /9/"% &9a !&8"! 6&$/ (*a%!6a !& - (!6/#a"& /'&"%6/"&9

(-%/6&9a #a !9-"&a;&- & /6a-a;&- & !*&%/ /'&"%6/"/ &"%aa;&/

6/"%&a;&/ & &9a%a;&/, //%*&8"& *a#6!' & '*.

P!)a*"& /9/"% &9a "a9a"/ '6a (!)a*"a /%!*a. U!&! / ;/! /9/"%

!/%a !'& a! /'a" (!)a*"& /%!*, !"'a / #a "/a (*&9/"-/ 6/ !"!

$%! / !'"!& "a (!)a*"& /%!*.

P*a6&"&!9 / '/>&"&a"a 9a&9a"a (!6*$&"a (!)a*"! /%!*a a9! -

#a6&"!%& !' 6&&"/ !/%a.

P*& '/>&"&a"- (!)a*"&7 /%!*a - 6&!&9 !/%&9a, (!*/' (!6*$&"/ (*!%!*a &

-!6a 6/#a"&7 #a >-";&- !/%a, %*/a -#/%& - !#&* '-)&"/ & 6&&"/ (*!%!*&a

a! & a'*)a !*&6&7 9a%/*&a &a#a" *!# (/;&>&8"! (!)a*"! !(%/*/=/"/.

28


29/36


D!#6!/"! / (aa"/ '6a (!)a*"a /%!*a a9! -!&! /:- "&7 (!%!/

6*a%a !%(!*"a (*/9a (!)a*- "a9a"/ 0 9&"-%a, !a / (*& (!a6& '&9a

a-%!9a%& #a%6a*a-.

U*/:a& (*/! !&7 / !%6a*-- >-";&/ a-%!9a%! #a%6a*a"a 6*a%a

'/>&"&a"& - - P*a6&"&- ! %/7"&8&9 "!*9a%&6&9a #a -*/:a/ #a a-%!9a%!

#a%6a*a"/ 6*a%a && a("& !%(!*"&7 (*/9a (!)a*-.

PROVETRAVANJE STEPENITA

S%/(/"&$%/ a! 6/*%&a"a !9-"&a;&a "a /6a-a;&!"!9 (-%- (*/'%a6a

(!!'"! 9/%! #a $&*/"/ '&9a, (a9/"a & 6*/&7 a!6a "a%a&7 - (!)a*- -

6/*%&a"!9 (*a6;-, (*& 8/9- 9!)/ '!=& '! (*!'!*a '&9a & 6*/&7 a!6a -

(*!%!*&/ "a' 9/%a (!)a*a. S%/(/"&$"& (*!%!* / - %a6&9 &8a/6&9a(!"a$a a! '&9"a.

I# %! *a#!a, 6&!& !/%& 9!*a- !a6/#"! 'a &9a- &-*"!"! %/(/"&$%a

'/ 6a%*a & '&9 "/ (*!'&*- 6/ 6*/9/ '! (!)a* %*a/ - !/%- & 9!*a &%&

'!%-("! 6&7 (*!%!*&a /'"! (!)a*"! /%!*a (-%/6&9a !& "&- -*!)/"&

(!)a*!9.

P*/;"! / !'*/:-/ -!6 'a -"-%*a$"/ &-*"!"! %/(/"&$%/ #a !/%/

6&&"/ !' 22 '! 40 9/%a*a 9!*a &%& !'6!/"! !' !%a&7 !9-"&a;&a 6*a%&9a!a - "/(*!(-"a #a '&9 & !a &9a- -*/:a #a a-%!9a%! 6*a=a"/ -

#a%6!*/" (!!)a (!/ (*!aa &;a.

P!6!"! / 'a / !6! %/(/"&$%/ (*!6/%*a6a (*&*!'"&9 (-%/9 -!&! / "aa#&

-# >aa'"& #&'.

O'6!:/"/ '&9a %/(/"&$"! (*/'(*!%!*a '/>&"&$/ -!6/ #a %a9(!" #!"/

/:- %/(/"&$%a & -"-%*a$"&7 !9-"&a;&a.

S&-*"!% %/(/"&$%a (!%&)/ / !'6aa"/9 !' -"-%*a$"&7 !9-"&a;&/ (*/!

%a9(!" (*!%!*a !& / (*!6/%*a6a (*&*!'"&9 && (*&"-'"&9 (-%/9.

O'*/'/ 8a"a 1 !/ / !'"!/ "a !a6/#- !/#/:/"a !%6!*a #a (*&*!'"!

(*!6/%*a6a"/ %a!:/ %*/a 9a%*a%& a%a6"&9 '/!9 !'*/'& 8a"a 21 a'a /

9!-=/ (*&*!'"! (*!6/%*a6a"/ %a9(!" #!"/.

29


30/36


LIFTOVI

L&>%!6& - 6&!&9 !/%&9a -)/ (*6/"%6/"! #a !a6a"/ %a"! 6/*%&a"!

a!*a=aa - "!*9a"&9 !!"!%&9a.

@*! &>%!6a !'*/:-/ / (*/9a "a9/"& !/%a & *!- &;a !a - "/9-

!*a6/. Z! 6!/ 6/&/ 6&&"/ (*/'%a6a- (!!'a" (-% #a $&*/"/ (!)a*a &

(!"a$a- / a! '&9"a;&.

S6a& (!)a*"& /%!* 9!*a &%& (!6/#a" a "a9a"/ /'"&9 &>%!9 !& 9!*a &%&

!'6!/" "a !'!6a*a-=& "a8&" !' -"-%*a$"&7 !9-"&a;&a - /%!*-. L&>%!6&

(*/%(*!%!* 9!)/ &%& #a/'"&8& a %/(/"&$%/9 & 9!*a / (*!6/%*a6a%& a& /

%a!:/ 9!*a !'6!&%& !' !%a&7 !9-"&a;&a - /%!*- 6*a%&9a !%(!*"&7 (*/9a

(!)a*-.

U !/%&9a 8&a / 6&&"a "a' 40 9/%a*a &>%!6a !"a 9!*a- &%& '6!/"a!' %/(/"&$"! (*!%!*a & %a9(!" #!"a & 9!*a- &9a%& 6! (*!6/%*a6a"&

(*/%(*!%!*. O"! & (*/%(*!%!* 8&"/ (!/a" (!)a*"& /%!* !& / !' !%a&7

/%!*a !'6!/" 6*a%&9a !%(!*"&9 (*/9a (!)a*-.

U !/%&9a 8&a / 6&&"a "a' 9/%a*a /'a" &>% 9!*a &%& (*/'6&:/" #a

/6a-a;&- &;a.

P*a6&"&!9 / '/>&"&a"! 'a &>%!6! !"! 9!)/ &%& 9/$%/"! -

(*!6/%*a6a"!9 (*!%!*- %/(/"&$%a && !;&*a"! %a! 'a &9a (!/a" (*/%(*!%!*#a (*!6/%*a6a"/ a "a9a"/ 20 /"a 6a#'-7a "a 8a.

SISTE


31/36


T! / 9!-=/ !%6a*&%& !' !/a%a a 9a"&9 *!/9 (!)a*"&7 /%!*a &

!/a%a - 8&&9 / (*!%!*&a9a !%6a*-/ 9a"& *! >-";&a +(!!6"& &&

%a9/"& !/a% a a*a)!9, 7!%/, !"&;a & '*.5


32/36


(*/'%a6a *a"&;- /:- '6a (!)a*"a /%!*a (aa a 6/*%&a"&9

a"a!9

Na -&"!9 !%6!*- #a 6/) 6a#'-7

Na *a- a"aa #a a;&6a"/ #aa:/"! 6a#'-7a - !!&"-

Na -a#- ;&*-a;&!"! 6a#'-7a - !9!*-

Na -a#- & a#- a"aa $a7%a

Na -a#- a"aa - 9/:-(*!%!* && (*!a#- a"aa *!# '-(/ (!'!6/.

Ka("/ 9!*a- &%& !(*/9/"/ -*/:a&9a #a a-%!9a%! #a%6a*a"/ !/

!'!6a*a- -!6&9a (*a6&"&a.

Za !6/ -*/:a/ 9!*a- / !/#/'&%& '6a "/#a6&"a !*a "a(aa"a

//%*&8"!9 /"/*&!9 (*& 8/9- / "/%a"!9 "a(!"a - (*6!9 a-%!9a%&

--8-/ '*-& !* "a'/6a"a.

P*& (*!a#- *!# !"%*-;&!"/ //9/"%/ +#&'!6/, 9/:-(*a%"/ !"%*-;&/ &

.5 !'*/:/"/ !%(!*"!%& (*/9a (!)a*- a"a& #a 6a#'-7 / !a)- "/!*&6&9

!a;&!"&9 9a%/*&a!9 &%/ !%(!*"!%& (*/9a (!)a*- a! & !"%*-;&!"&

//9/"%&, a "a9a"a '-)&"a !!)/"! '/a a"aa "/ 9/ &%& 9a"a !' 0

;9 a 6a/ %*a"/ !"%-;&!"! //9/"%a.


33/36


Ka"a& #a 6a#'-7 &%/9a #a 6/"%&a;&- && &9a%a;&- 9!*a- &%& "/(*!(-"& &

9!*a- &9a%& */6&!"/ !%6!*/ #a !'*)a6a"/ a("& & '*-&7 a*9a%-*a, !'"!"!

!%6!*a #a 8&$=/"/.

K&9a !9!*/ & '*-& -*/:a& #a (*!6/%*a6a"/ +6/"%&a%!*&, 6/"%&a;&!"/

!9!*/5 9!*a- / 9/%&%& - #a/"- (*!%!*&- !a / !' !%a&7 (*!%!*&a -

!/%- !'6!/"a #&'!6&9a !%(!*"&9 (*/9a (!)a*- 0 9&"-%a.

V*a%a "a %! (*!%!*&& %a!:/ 9!*a- &9a%& !%(!*"!% !' 0 9&"-%a.

P*& a%&6&*a"- -*/:aa #a a-%!9a%! !%*&6a"/ & a6a"/ (!)a*a, -*/:a& #a

'!6!' 6/)/ 6a#'-7a 9!*a- &%& /'/"& %a! 'a / a-%!9a%& &-8--.

Ja6a8& (!)a*a 9!*a- #a'!6!&%& -!6/ (*a6&"&a ! %a&"&9 &"%aa;&a9a

#a '!a6- (!)a*a.

P*a6&"&9 !*!9 !(*/9/ & &"%aa;&a, 9!*a / (*/8&%& a)"! -#-"&6a"/.Ja6a8& (!)a*a / "/ 9/- (!%a6a%& - %*-- 6/)/ 6a#'-7a -*/:aa #a

&9a%a;&- &3&& 6/"%&a;&-.

U 6/"%&&a"! && &9a%!6a"! (*!%!*&& (*/8/"! / "a%aa"/ 6/&/

!";/9%*a;&/ '&9a, a %&9/ / 9a"/"a & !/%&6!% %a&"/ &"%aa;&/ #a

'!a6- (!)a*a. U %!9 -8a- / 9a"-/ "a'#&*a"a (!6*$&"a a6a8a &

(!6/=a6a "/!6a !/%&6!%.

D!a6"a ;/"%*aa (*/"!& &">!*9a;&- ! (!)a*- (*/! 6! -*/:aa #a-(*a6a"/ a-%!9a%&9 &-8&6a"/9 &9a%a;&!"&7 && 6/"%&a;&!"&7

&%/9a.

P*!%!* !& / "a'#&*/ %a&"!9 &"%aa;&!9 #a '!a6- (!)a*a '/& / "a

'!a6"/ #!"/.

O6/ #!"/ / (*a%&8"&7 *a#!a (!a(a- a (!)a*"&9 /%!*&9a.

Ta! / (*& !%*&6a"- (!)a*a &-8-- a9! !"& &%/9& #a 6/"%&a;&- &&

&9a%a;&- !& (*!a#/ *!# /%!* - !9/ / '/%/%!6a" (!)a*.

I%!6*/9/"! / & #a%6a*a- a("/ "a *a"&;a9a !6! (!)a*"! /%!*a.

P!"!6! %a*%!6a"/ &%/9a #a 6/"%&a;&- & &9a%a;&- 6*$& / *-8"!, (*/!

(*/&'a8a (!%a6/"! "a a! '!%-("!9 9/%- & %! %/ a'a / -%6*'& 'a -

(*/%a& *a#!#& #! !&7 / &%/9 &! a-%!9a%& &-8/".

33


34/36


O&9 a-%!9a%! &-8/"a, &%/9& #a 6/"%&a;&- & &9a%a;&- /

&-8-- & (*/! *-8"&7 a6a8a.

O6/ *-8"/ a6a8/, a%&6&*a- (*&-%"a &;a -!&! -!8/ "a%a"a (!)a*a.

K!' &%/9a #a 6/"%&a;&- --("! a(a;&%/%a (*/! 000 9B37 -*a:-- /

%/*9!%a%& (*/&'a8& #a 6/"%&a%!* !& a &-8-- (*& (!*a%- %/9(/*a%-*/.

T/*9!%a%& (*/&'a8& 9!*a- 'a &9a-

R/-a;&- "a "a6&$/ 2!C %&9 ' -'- 9/$%/"& - (!6*a%"! %*-&

6a#'-7a && &(*/' 9/%a #a a;&6a"/ 6a#'-7a !/%a

R/-a;&- "a "a6&$/ 2!C "a' 9a&9a"/ *a'"/ %/9(/*a%-*/, %&9

'a - 9/$%/"& - a6"!9 a"a- #a "a'/6a"/ 6/)&9 6a#'-7!9.

U (!/'&"&9 6&!&9 !/%&9a "aa#/ / (*!%!*&/ - !&9a / !a6a-

%/7"!!$& (*!;/& && *a'"/ !(/*a;&/ (*& !&9a / !*&%/ #a(a&6/ %/8"!%&,

#a(a&6& a!6& && 9a%/*&/ !/ (*& !*a'& %6a*a- *a$&"- !a a 6a#'-7!9

(*a6& /(!#&6"- 9/$- +a*a)/, %!a*/ *a'&!"&;/, -7&"/, !%a*"&;/,...5.

U %a6&9 (*!%!*&a9a / (*/'6&:a- (!/"& &%/9& #a 6/"%&a;&- &&

&9a%a;&- #a !/ / 9!*a !/#/'&%& !"%*!a a /'"! 9/%a, !'a/ & /

!*&!6aa */a;&a "a '/%/%!6a"- (!a6- +#a(a&6& a, (a*/ #a(a&6&7

%/8"!%&, (*a$&"a,...5.U %a6&9 &%/9&9a !";/"%*a;&a #a(a&6&7 !9(!"/"%& "/ 9/ 'a (*/:/ 0M

!' 6*/'"!%& '!"/ *a"&;/ /(!#&6"!%&, a %/9(/*a%-*a "/ 9/ '!%&=& 0M

6*/'"!%& %/9(/*a%-*/ (a/"a !9(!"/"%/ a "a"&)!9 %/9(/*a%-*!9

(a/"a.

K!9!*/ &%/9a #a &9a%a;&- && 6/"%&a;&- "a9/"/"/ #a !(-)&6a"/

(*!%!*&a - !&9a / "aa#/ !6a6/ 9a%/*&/, 9/$%a- / - (!/"/

(*!%!*&/ a*a:/"/ !' 9a%/*&aa !%(!*"! (*/9a (!)a*- "a9a"/ 120

9&"-%a.

N/ 9/ / (!%a6a%& !(*/9a !a / "a9/"/"a 6/"%&a;&& (*!%!*a - !&9a

/ "/ %6a*a- /(!#&6"/ 9/$/ - '!'&*- a 6a#'-7!9.

34


35/36


I#a#& %/ (*!%!*&/ 9!*a- 'a 6!'/ "/(!*/'"! - !!'a" (*!%!*,

"/(!*/'"! - 7!'"&/ && %/(/"&$%a (*/! (*/%(*!%!*a - !9 6a'a "a%(*&%&a,

&& - (*!%!*&- !a / !(-)-/ -!&! - "! "/9a /(!#&6"&7 9/$a.

V/"%&a%!*& !& / -(!%*/a6a- - &%/9&9a #a 6/"%&a;&- && &9a%a;&-

(*!%!*&a - !&9a / (!a6-- "a6/'/"/ #a(a&6/ 9a%/*&/, 9!*a-

#a'!6!&%& (!/"/ -!6/ "a6/'/"/ - (*a6&"&- ! %/7"&8&9 "!*9a%&6&9a #a

&%/9/ #a &9a%a;&- & 6/"%&a;&- a! & -!6/ JUS N.S.01

P*!%&6/(!#&a #a$%&%a.

P!/"& #a7%/6& #a 6/"%&a%!*/ - (*!%!*&9a -*!)/"&9 /(!#&6"!9

a%9!>/*!9

U&"& '/! 6/"%&a%!*a !'& / !' a*a && 9/&"a, && / !a)/

%&9 9a%/*&a!9. V/"%&a;&!"/ !9!*/ #a (*!6/%*a6a"/ (*!%!*&a - !&9a /

"aa#& #a(a&6a (*a$&"a 9!*a- "a -a#- &9a%& !'!6a*a-=/ >&%*/

#a (*a$&"- !& / 9!*a- */'!6"! !"%!&a%&, 8&%&%& & !'*)a6a%&.

U (*!%!*&a9a - !&9a / %6a*a- (a*/ 9a"!=/ !/ / 9!- %a!)&%&,

!"'/"#!6a%& && /(&%& "a #&'!6/ a"aa #a 6a#'-7 (*/'6&:a- / (!/"& &%/9&

#a 6/"%&a;&- +-7&"/, */%!*a"&, /*6&& #a (*a"/ & (!'9a#&6a"/

6!#&a,...5!& / "/ 9/- (!6/#&6a%& a &%/9&9a !($%/ &9a%a;&/ &&6/"%&a;&/.

O&9 %!a, - %/ a"a/ / "/ 9/- (!%a6a%& a("/, $%! #"a8& 'a a"a& %*/a

'a / 6!'/ "a*a=&9 (-%/9 6a" (*!%!*&/ && 'a / 6!'/ *!# (!/"/ $a7%!6/

8&& - #&'!6& !%(!*"& (*/9a (!)a*- "a9a"/ 0 9&"-%a.

Na a"a&9a / 9!*a- (*/'6&'/%& !%6!*& #a 8&$=/"/ & !'*)a6a"/.

U!&! / - 6&!!9 !/%- "aa#/ "!="& -!6&, '&!%//, &!!(&,

(!#!*&$%a, !"*/"/ '6!*a"/ & &8"/ (*!%!*&/, 9!*a / (*/'6&'/%& #a/a"

&%/9 #a 6/"%&a;&- && &9a%a;&- %&7 (*!%!*&a.

U (*!%!*&a9a !/ &9a- ;/"- +(!#!*"&;-5 (*/'6&:a / (!/a" &%/9 #a

(!#!*"&;-, a (!/a" #a a-.

P*!'a"& (*!%!*& & %*)"& ;/"%*& - a%a6- 6&!! !/%a 9!*a- &9a%& "/#a6&"/

&%/9/ #a 6/"%&a;&- && &9a%a;&-.

35


36/36


A! / a! */#/*6"& &%/9 "a'/6a"a //%*&8"!9 /"/*&!9 !*&%& '/

a*/a% && a-9-a%!*a a%/*&a (!%*/"! &7 / 9/%&%& - #a/"- (*!%!*&-

!a &9a !'!6a*a-=/ (*!6/%*a6a"/.

K!' a-9-a%!*&7 a%/*&a *! /"a #a6&& !' a(a;&%/%a a%/*&a !'"!"!

!&8&"/ 6!'!"&a !a / *a#6&a (*& (-"/"-, a !' '/ a*/a%a !' !&8&"/

(!%*/"/ #a a!*/6a"/ & !' !&8&"/ *a#6&/"/ %!(!%/.

Documents

ventilacija predavanja