Biofuels from Syngas generated from Biofuels from Syngas generated from Biomass Biomass

Presented Presented at REaction 2012., at REaction 2012.,

on on 27 07 201227 07 2012 . .

at Chennai, at Chennai, IndiaIndiaat Chennai, at Chennai, IndiaIndia

ByByT S VENKATARAMANT S VENKATARAMAN

Managing Director Managing Director EsvinEsvin Advanced Technologies LtdAdvanced Technologies Ltd

Chennai 600 096Chennai 600 096

ESVIN ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES LTD.,

�� GROUP COMPANIESGROUP COMPANIES�� SESHASAYEE PAPER & BOARDS LTD (SPB)SESHASAYEE PAPER & BOARDS LTD (SPB)

�� PONNI SUGARS (ERODE) LTD (PEL)PONNI SUGARS (ERODE) LTD (PEL)

�� HIGH ENERGY BATTERIES INDIA LTD (HEB)HIGH ENERGY BATTERIES INDIA LTD (HEB)

�� SPB PROJECTS AND CONSULTANCY LTD (SPBSPB PROJECTS AND CONSULTANCY LTD (SPB--PC) PC)

ESVIN TECH’S PIONEERING EFFORTS

�� Pioneered the Gasification of Black Liquor and Pioneered the Gasification of Black Liquor and Distillery Spent Wash in the early ‘90s, by Distillery Spent Wash in the early ‘90s, by acquiring an American technology.acquiring an American technology.

�� Promoted a Joint Venture in 1997 with an Promoted a Joint Venture in 1997 with an Australian company for manufacture of Enzyme Australian company for manufacture of Enzyme Promoted a Joint Venture in 1997 with an Promoted a Joint Venture in 1997 with an Australian company for manufacture of Enzyme Australian company for manufacture of Enzyme in India for bioin India for bio--bleaching of pulp.bleaching of pulp.

�� Patented a Process for manufacture of Liquid Patented a Process for manufacture of Liquid Sugar adopting ElectroSugar adopting Electro--dialysis and Ion dialysis and Ion Exchange Resins.Exchange Resins.

��Currently the Company is focused on Biomass to Currently the Company is focused on Biomass to BioBio--fuels and Biofuels and Bio--chemicals.chemicals.

BIOMASS AS A RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE

� Unlike other renewable sources ( Wind, Solar etc.) Biomass is an energy source that is neither regional nor seasonal. It is solar energy captured and stored !

� The capital Investment is also lower, compared to the others, especially on a larger scale. In fact its scalability is limited especially on a larger scale. In fact its scalability is limited only by economic radius of procuring Biomass .

� In view of the above, the Biomass procured should be from a low cost source or high yield energy crops 100t/ hectare/ year

� Potential Biomass that are readily available in India are: Bagasse, Rice straw/Husk, Cotton stalks, etc.

� A 10 MW power plant thru IGCC will require only 60% of Biomass than conventional one due to higher cycle efficiency.

Biomass pretreatment� Since Biomass is expensive moisture removal at source becomes all the more imperative, to cut transport costs

� This is needed for bagasse as its moisture does not drop below 35% even on prolonged storage.

� Biomass like Napier grass is too bulky and hence moisture � Biomass like Napier grass is too bulky and hence moisture removal by innovative Exergy drying is to be considered.

� Other Energy crops such as Beema bamboo and Powlowniawill also require pre -drying.

� For gasification moisture removal from Biomass is more critical and Esvin tech has tied up with Swedish Exergy to promote this innovative steam drying technology.

� In our Bubbling bed Gasifier, pelletizing or briquetting is not a pre-requisite.

Description Biomass 1

Bagasse

Biomass 2

Rice Husk

Biomass 3

Bamboo

Biomass 4

DSW

Prox. Analysis

wt % Dry Basis

Moisture 50.00 09.44 35.00 45.00

Volatile Matter 74.60 48.84 49.20 50.00

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOMASS

Volatile Matter 74.60 48.84 49.20 50.00

Fixed Carbon 23.50 36.67 44.31 15.00

Ash 01.30 15.01 06.50 30.00

Sulphur 0 00.18 0 02.50

HHV, Dry

k. Cal. / kg

4500 3275 4235 3300

Cost Rs./ BD t 3000 3500 1000 Free of cost

GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGIES AND OPTIONS

�� Leading Gasifier like Lurgi, Texaco, Shell etc.,Leading Gasifier like Lurgi, Texaco, Shell etc.,--all come all come under the category of Direct Gasification or Auto under the category of Direct Gasification or Auto thermal i.e. partial combustion of the feed stock being thermal i.e. partial combustion of the feed stock being used for providing endothermic heat needed for used for providing endothermic heat needed for gasification. Therefore these are either air or oxygen gasification. Therefore these are either air or oxygen gasification. Therefore these are either air or oxygen gasification. Therefore these are either air or oxygen blown.blown.

�� But for manufacture of Biofuels and Bio Chemicals , But for manufacture of Biofuels and Bio Chemicals , direct gasification is not suitable, as the H2 :CO ratio is direct gasification is not suitable, as the H2 :CO ratio is less than 1.less than 1.

�� The Indirect Gasification coupled with Steam Reforming The Indirect Gasification coupled with Steam Reforming is a preferred option for production of Syngas containing is a preferred option for production of Syngas containing H2 and CO in the ratio of 2:1 that is ideally suited for H2 and CO in the ratio of 2:1 that is ideally suited for Ethanol and Fischer Tropsch (FT ) liquids manufacture.Ethanol and Fischer Tropsch (FT ) liquids manufacture.

Benefits of Steam Reforming

� -Takes advantage of the unique chemistry of biomass.

� -Unique reformer environment results in hi-quality syngas.

� - Fast devolatilization products react with steam to produce hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.

� - Fast devolatilization products react with steam to produce hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.

� - High steam/hydrogen partial pressures promote hydrogenation of contaminants with improved water solubility.

� - Syngas with less aggressive contaminants amenable to cost effective cleanup; high H2 content is good for synthesis.

� - Low reforming temperatures avoids agglomeration, increasing reliability

Typical syngas composition

Mol%, dry Direct gasification

CHEMREC -BL

Indirect gasification

(Steam reformed)

Air Oxygen

Blown Blown

BCL Esvin

H2 12.0 32.0 23.85 48.5

CO 10.0 30.0 42.89 21.8

CO2 16.0 33.0 12.79 25.2

CH4 03.0 01.5 15.36 03.2

C2H2/H4 02.0 01.0 04.35 01.2

N2 55.0 02.5 0 0

>Deep fluidized bed

>Proprietary indirectly heated steamreforming process at medium

Fuel

H2 richSyngas

Thermo chemical Steam Reformer (TCSR)

reforming process at medium temperature and low pressure

>3 inputs and 3 outputs

>Biomass undergoesdrying, devolatilization,and steam reforming

CleanFlueGas

Biomass

FluidizingSteam

BedSolids

BL Steam Reformer BL Steam Reformer -- First Commercial Plant First Commercial Plant

Norampac Inc, Trenton, Ontario, CanadaNorampac Inc, Trenton, Ontario, Canada

TRI’S PILOT PLANT IN NORTH CAROLINA

MILESTONES ACHIEVED BY TRI Inc, USA

� More than 20000 hrs of continuous run on BL Solids of 120 tpd at Norampac, Trenton, Ontario Canada.

� TRI has developed a proprietary process for producing FT liquids at their PDU in Durham, NC, USA. More than 1000 hrs of run has been NC, USA. More than 1000 hrs of run has been accomplished in FT- reactor using syngas derived from woody Biomass.

� Two paper Mills in Wisconsin have secured DoE funding to build two bio refineries using woody Biomass of 1000 tpd and 500 tpd and TRI technology to produce electricity, steam and Bio-fuels.

Biomass to Liquid ( BTL)- FT Liquids

Beema Bamboo

Tail gas

Syngas to Gas clean up

Exergy dryer

FT LiquidsChipping and Milling

Biofuels- an emerging leader among

Renewable Energies.

� FT diesel from Syngas derived from Coal and Natural gas has been well established at Sasol, SA for several decades.

� Syngas from Biomass has been fully developed by our principal TRI , and they are willing to give performance guarantees for a commercial plant to produce FT Diesel from syngas.commercial plant to produce FT Diesel from syngas.

� Pilot runs are being planned to process Beema Bamboo and other biomass feed stocks for a specific project in India.

� Ethanol and Butanol from Syngas will be a commercial reality once the plants based on fermentation of Syngas are commissioned in China.

� While Ethanol will be used for E10 blending with petrol, Diesel may replace, to start with DG sets being run in various places and later on used as a Drop in Fuel in automobiles.