134

treatment of tuberculous discharged men.-Dr. ADDISON replied: I have ro recent information as to the total IInumber of demobilised soldiers suffering from tuberculosisin the particular area referred to in the question, but I maysay that the number of such cases in residential institutionson July lst was 183, and the number on the waiting list was 24.The proposal to provide a colony for the concurrent trainingand treatment of tuberculous men in this area was first broughtto the notice of my Department at the end of May when thatparticular subject of colony treatment had already beenspecially referred to the Departmental Committee set upby the Minister of Pensions and myself. Their report will,it is hoped, be issued very shortly, and I.wil then see thatsuitable steps are taken as soon as possible.Lord H. CAVENDISH-BENTINCK: Will adequate and imme-

diate steps be taken to carry out the recommendations of the Committee ?-Dr. ADDISON : I must see what therecommendations are first.

FRIDAY, JULY 11TH.Income Li77tit under the National Insurance Acts.

The report of the resolution declaring it expedient to raisethe remuneration for exception from insurance under theNational Insurance Acts from £160 to 1250 a year wasagreed to.

MONDAY, JULY 14TH.Scottish Board of Health.

Mr. MACQUISTEN asked the Secretary for Scotland if hewould state when the Scottish Board of Health was to beconstituted in terms of the Act; whether, though uncon-stituted, it had been acting since July 1st; and whether hewould give an assurance that nothing should be done by theBoard as at present constituted except routine administra-tion work, and delay all questions of appointments andarrangements for administrative duties until the Board wasproperly constituted.-Mr. MUNRO replied: I am advisedthat the Board was duly constituted under Section 1 of thestatute, with powers duly exercisable as from July Isc. Itspersonnel is now complete. Meanwhile only duties of theroutine kind referred to by my honourable and learnedfriend have been discharged.

Tuberculosis Treatanent.Mr. FOREMAN asked the Minister of Health if he could

inform the House of the number of persons in the County ofLondon suffering from tuberculosis known to the authoritiesto require sanatorium treatment and for whom no accom-modation was available, and to see whether steps could betaken to utilise as sanatoriums auxiliary or other war hos-pitals no longer required for war casualties.-Major ASTOR(Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Health) replied :The figures necessarily vary from week to week. There areapproximately, as far as the County of London is concerned,some 1700 persons, including children, in residential sana-toriums 500, of whom more than half are children, await-ing entrance. All possible steps are being taken since thediminution of the difficulties occasioned by war conditions toincrease the accommodation, including the adaptation ofbuildings that were provided for war purposes as far as thesecan be made suitable.

Dr. DELVIN asked the Pensions Minister whether hisattention had been called to the treatment of dischargedsoldiers suffering from tuberculosis ; whether he was awarethat these men were unable to procure employmentbecause of the disease they suffered from, as no employerwanted consumptive workmen; and whether he wouldarrange that these men were therefore allowed the full100 per cent. disablement pension to help them to existduring the few years they might expect to live.-Sir J.CRAIG (Parliamentary Secretary to the Pensions Ministry)replied : The question of tuberculosis as affecting dis-charged soldiers has recently been considered in all itsaspects by an inter-Departmental Committee. Theirreport is expected within the next fortnight and will beimmediately taken into consideration.

Artz.ficial Li)jzbs.Sir DONALD l1ACLEAN asked the Pensions Minister whether

he would consider the advisability of publishing from timeto time in the daily press photographs or sketches of thelatest improvements in artificial limbs, so that men disabledin the war might have the latest information for the pur-pose of enabling them to minimise, as far as possible, theeffects of their disability.-Sir J. CRAIG replied: My righthonourable friend is obliged to the right honourableMember for his suggestion, and will consider how far it iEpracticable. Arrangements are being made to exhibit atrepair depots the various artificial limbs available, so as tcgive a choice of limbs within limits approved by thesurgeons to the disabled men.

Sir D. MACLEKN Will the honourable gentleman let mehave a letter, or will he publish a list of these repair depôts.so that disabled men can have an opportunity of knowing

where they can go for their information ?-Sir J. CRAIG : My

right honourable friend is much obliged to the right honour-able gentleman for his suggestion, which is quite valuable.In connexion with this and other schemes I am sure he willbe only too glad to give the information.

Ad 7toc Dental CtOMt/ttMec.Mr. SEDDON asked the Secretary of State for the Home

Department whether the ad hoc Committee recommendedby the Departmental Committee on Dentistry had beenselected ; and whether all existing societies of dental practi-tioners would be included in the selection.-Mr. 8HORTTreplied : No consideration has yet been given to the forma-tion of the ad hoc Committee referred to in the honourableMember’s question. This is a matter that must obviouslybe postponed until the legislation that will be necessary togive effect to the recommendations of the Dentists ActCommittee is in a fair way of accomplishment.

Appointments.Successful applicants for vacancies, Secretaries oj Public Institutions.

and others possessing infornzation suitable for this clonmn. areiitvited to forward to THR LANCET Office, directed t,,) the Sub-Fditor, not later than 9 o’clock on the Thxcrsrla,y nto?-?tiitg of eachweek. such irztorxnatioxz for gi-aticit(,zis publication.

BAXTER, C. B., F.R.C.S. Edin., has been appointed Honorary AssistantSurgeon to the Royal Belksbire Hospital. S.!

FORSYTH, J. A CAIRNS, M.Sc., M.B., F.R.O.S. Surgeon to the Freiib-hHospital, London.

LAE.E.NoRMA’fr C., M.D., M.S., D.Se., F.R.C.S., Assistant Surgeon toCharing Cross Hospital.

LEWM. THOMAS, M.D., F.R.C.P., D.Se., F.R.S., Honorary ConsultingPbyoician to the Ministry of Pensions-

Lyoss. W. C., M.B. Edin., D.P.H.. Assistant Medical Officer (Venereal’, Diseases. &c.), County Borough ef South Shields.Maxrirl, Dou&LAS, M.B.’EJin , D.T.M., D P.H., Assistant Medical

Officer (Tuberculosis), County Borough of South Shields.MATHIESON, D. MORLEY, V D Edin., Ch.B., D.P.H., Medical Officer of’Healtb. County Borough of Birkenhead.

OATES G. E.. M.D., B S. Lond., D.P.H , Medical Officer of Health to’the Metropolitan Borough of Bethnal Green.

SriLgs, Sir HAROLD J., to the Chair of Clinical Surgery in the Uni-versity of Edinburgh.

WEAR. A. W., M.B. Durh., D.P.H., B.Hy., Assistant Medical Officer(Diseases of Children), County Borough of South Shields.

WHITE, H. V., M.D. Manch., Honorary Ophthalmic Surgeon to theSalford Roval Hospital.

French Hospital, Shaftesbury-avenue.—MoCujRE, J. CAMPBELL, M.D.,Physician to In-patients; FORSYTH, J. CAIRNS. F.R.C.S., Surgeonto In-patients; CROOKSHANK, F. G., M.D., Physician to Out-patients ; BpnssY. JEAN, M.D., Physician to Out-patients ; RowF,ROBERT M , F.R.C.S., Surgeon to Out-patients; McHour,. JAMES,F.R.C.S., Ophthalmic Surgeon to Out-patients; BRAUN, JEAN,M.D., Physician to Out-patients (Genito-urinary Diseases) ;HERNAMAN-JoHNSON, F., M.D., Radiologist.

Certifying Surgeons under the Factory and Workshop Acts:KNOIVLIS, K. 0, M.D. Liverp. (Birkenhead); ROBERTSON, A.,L.R.C.P., L R.C.S. Edin. (Dumbarton).

Vacancies.For further inforiization refer to the advertiserrzent colitmnq.Birminghant General Hospital.-Res. M.O. £155. Asst. P. £50.

Surgical Registrar. £ 200.Biriningha?)z, Selly Oak Infirmary and ilouse.-Asst. M O. £275.BuLinybroke Hospital Wandsworth Gornmon. S.W.-H.S. £150.Boitrtiento,itth, Royal Vctoria and West Hants Hospital, Boscombe

Branch.-Res. M.O..E250. Also Second Res. M.O. £200.Brighton, Hove, and Preston Dispensary -Res. M.O. :2200.Brighton, Sussex Throat and Ear Hospital, Ch7.trch-strect.-Isst. Hon. S.Bury County Borovgh.-Asst. M.O.H., Asst. Sch. M.0.. and Asst.

Tubetc. O. &pound;500.Bury St. KdmMM<!’s, West Sztffolk Ge)teral -flosl)ita7.-Res. H.S..E175.Cairo, Egyptian Goverrzrrzent School of Medieirae.-Profe<sors and

Lecturers. BE.1000 and &pound;E.600. Also Radiologist and Lect. in

Radiology, BE.500, Anaesthetist and Leet. in Anaestheties, &pound;g.500,and Registrar and Tutor, &pound;E.600.

Canterbury, Kent and Canterbury Hospital.-Juri. Res. M.O. &pound; 150.Capetown Free Dispertsary.-M.O. &pound;500.Coventry and Warwit,,k,4hire Hospital.-Hou. Surg. Staff.Devortport, Royal Albert Hospital.-Res. H.S. *200.Dorchester, Dorset Courztzy Coxcneit.-Asst. M.O. &pound;400.Dundee Corporation -Asst. Tubere. 0. and Asst. M.O. &pound;300.EcelesallBierlow Union.-Res. M.a..2600.Ed2rzburgh City.-Clin. M.O. unrlerVenereal Diseases Scheme. JB750.Elizabeilt Garrett Andersort Hospital, Eitstoit-rc, ad. -Female Senior

Asst. JE200Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital.-Sen. H.S. 2250.Gravesend Hospital.-H.S. &pound;200.Great Northern Central Hospital, Holloway, London.-Oph. S.Hospitalfor Corzsumption and Diseases of the Cheqt, Bro-mpton.-H.P.Isleworth Infirmary.-Sec. Asst. to Med. Supt. &pound;300.h’harto2zrrz, Wellcome Trnpical Researcla Laborator2es. - Assistant

Bacteriologist..EE.600.Leeds University.-Lect. in Experi. Phys. &pound;500. Demonstr. in Phys.

EZ50. Demonstr. in Hist..E250.Letcssier Royal Infirntary.-T as o Hon. Asst. P. and one Hon. Asst. S.

135

Liverpool Sxrzatorimn for Tube re itlosis. -A,3st. ]Iles. M,O.&pound;250.

Liverpool School of Tropical Medicie.-Asst. Lect. In Parasitology..e250 ’

Liverpool. Stanley Hospilal.-H.P. a.nd H.S.London Hospital, E.-Surgical Registrar. Also First Asst.Manchester, Ancoats Hospital.-H.P. &pound;150. Also Hon. P. and

Radiologist.Manchester lllorthern Hospital for Women and Children, Parh-place,

Cheetham Hill-road.-Hon. Asst. P.Manchester Royal Eye Hospital.-Jun. H.S. &pound;120.Middtesex Hospital Medical School.-Demonstrator. &pound;200.National Hospital for Diseases of the Hecert, lVestnznretaztd-street, TV.-

Res. M.O. &pound; 100. Also Non-Ites. M.O..E50.New Zealand.-Path. and Bact. for Pub. Health Dept., Auckland. &pound;700.Otago University, New Zealancl.-Prnf. of Syst. Med., Prof. of ulin.

Med. and Tlierap., and Leot. on Clin. Med. &pound;600, &pound;500, and R400respectively.

Plyrnouth, South Devon and East Cornivrtll Hospital. -H.P. &pound;140.Queen’s Jlospital for Children, Hackney road, Bethnal Green, E.-

Temp. M.O. 1 guinea per attendance.oteen gary’s Hospital for the East End, Stratford, E.-Hon. Aural S.

Two Asst. Hon. P.’s. Also H.S.B08sall School. Fleetwood.-Res. M 0..E250.",St. George’s Hospital, S. W.-Two Cas. Officers. &pound;150.St.Helens Cpunty Borough.-Aast. M.O.H. &pound;500.Sheffield Royal lnfirrmary.-Asst. H.P. &pound;150.Szyna Mission and Beaconsfield Memorial Hospital. -Medical

Missionary. 2250.South London Hospital for Women, SouthSide, Clapharrt C,Jnl1n’)I!, S. Tr.

Female H.S. &pound;100.Szir,rey Education Comittee.-Sch Dentist. &pound;400.Taunton, Soiner6et and Bath Asyllzcuz, G’orford,-Asst. M.O. 2300.T,ingwall, Whiteiness. and Wensdale Parish.-M.O and Pub. Vac. &pound;45Tottenham Jlaternity and Child Welfare Committee,, Antenatal Clinic.

- Female M.O. &pound;1 11s 6d. per session.Uninersity College Ilospital, Gower-street, W. C.-Res. M.O. &pound;150.Victoria Hospital, Tite-street, Chelsea S.W.-H.P.and.H.S. 2100.West Riding County Coitneil, Treatment of Venereal Diseases. -Asst.

B560. Also Seh. Oculist, &pound;450.

THE Chief Inspector of Factories, Home Office, S.W., gives notice ofvacancies for Certifying Surgeons under the Factory and WorkshopActs at Ascot (Berks), Dundee (Forfar,), Fblkland (Fife), Lavenham :(Suffolk), Llanfair Caereinion (Montgomery), Newhaven (Sussex),Nottingham, North (Nottingham), Scarborough (Yorks, NorthRiding), Tynemouth (Northumtlerland), Wailsend tNorthumber-land), and Yetholm (Roxburgh).

Births, Marriages, and Deaths.DEATHS.

FINCH WHITE.-On July 8th, after a few days’ illness, of pneumoniafollowing influenza, Finch Woite. M.R.C.S.. L.R.C.P., VanbrughParit, Blickheath, London, and Killaloe, co. Clare, aged 47 years.

HOLDING.-On July 6tb,at Hazeldene, Dendy-road. Paignton, S. Devon,Charles Holding, L.R.C.P. & S. Edin., aged 48 years.

N,B -A fee of bs. 18 Charged for the insertion of Notices of Births,.

Marriages, and Deaths.

Communications relating to editorial business should be addressed exclusively to the Editor of THE LANCET,, .

423, Strand, London, W.C.2.

Notes, Short Comments, and Answersto Correspondents.

THE BATHS OF OLD LONDON.

BY SEPTIMUS SUNDERLAND, M.D. BRUX.

PART II.

Floating Raths.The Folly, a 11 castellated houseboat," was usually

anchored opposite Somerset House Gardens soon after theRestoration, and was used as a musical summer-housein part of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.Pepys visited this in 1668. It was generally fixed on thesouth side of the river, near the foot of Cuper’s stairs, whichled to Cuper’s Pleasure Gardens, on part of which thepresent Royal Waterloo Hospital for Children and Womennow stands. During the time of William III. and Mary(1689 to 1702) it was frequented by the fashionable classes,and on one occasion by the Queen. Later it became theresort of a low class of society, was allowed to fall into decay,and was broken up about 1750. It is probable that at onetime it was also used as a floating bath.John Timbs, writing in 1868, mentions the fact that there

were two floating baths upon the Tbames "in our day," andsays that in plan they were somewhat similar to The Folly.One of these was situated near Hungerford Bridge, forbathers of both sexes, and contained filtered water.

Sweting Baths.In England in the thirteenth century the hot-air or vapom

baths introduced by the Crusaders were given in establish-ments called "hot-houses" and were much in request, aswere similar ones in the large cities of Europe. The hotvapour baths were tried for leprosy, which was prevalent inthose days, as well as for syphilis, but with bad results.There were separate baths for lepers. Shakespeare and BenJohnson mention sweating baths in their writings as "ho.t-houses." In the old play, "The Puritan," one of the characters, referring to an arduous undertaking, says," Marry, it will take me much sweat; it were better to go to16 hot-houses."In the year 1517, when there was the second epidemic of

the " sweating sickness " in England, the English wereaccused of gross feeding, of much intemperance, and ofcausing relaxation of their skins by spending so much timein hot-air baths. This shows that these baths remainedpopular in England at a time when they were beginning tobe less used abroad. Later in England there were periodsof comparative disuse until the end of the seventeenthcentury when they reappeared and became popular inLondon under the Italian name of "bagnios" (place forsweating) or the Arabic name of "hummum" (a warmbath) ; these were on the principle of the Roman hot-air orvapour baths. The various bagnios or hummums estab-lished in London appear to have become of doubtful repute,and frequented by evil characters ; these circumstances led,after a time, to the suppression of the institutions. Thepractice of cupping was prevalent in those days and for along time afterwards, associated with hot baths.The Duke’s Bath or Bagnio, minutely described in 1683 by

Samuel Haworth, M.D., Physician to James II. when Dukeof York, as "erected near the west end of Long Acre in thatspot of grouud called Salisbury Stables,’ was a statelyoval edifice, paved with marble, and within the wall wereten seats, such as were formerly in the baths at Bath.When the Duke of York came to the throne in 1686 thesebaths were improved and reopened as the Ring’s Bagnio,and an advertisement then stated " there is no other bagnioin or about London besides this and the Royal Bagnio inthe City," the reference to the " Royal Bagnio " being in allprobability intended for the bagnio in Bagnio Court,described below.The Bagnio (the Royal Bagnio) in Bagnio Court (altered

to Bath-street in 1843), Newgate-street, was built by Turkishmerchants, and first opened in December, 1679, for sweating,hot bathing, and cupping; 4s. was the charge to eachperson, and certain days were reserved for ladies. Strypewrote: " This bagnio is much resorted unto for sweating,being found very good for aches, &c., and approved of byour physicians." The cupola roof, and walls set with Dutchtiles, were described by Hatton in 1708. It was subsequentlyused as a cold bath. Dr. Frederick Gervis, of Torquay,informed me that about 1860 he and other medical studentsof the old St. Thomas’s Hospital, Borough, often bathed inthis cold plunge bath, which was lined with white marbleand was fed by very cold clear water always flowing out of awell-carved white lion’s mouth. It was at that time spokenof as the 11 King’s Bath " and was situated in a cour.t on thenorth side of Newgate-street. ,