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Utilising radio OAM to study space plasma vorticity The LOIS concept and IBM software. Bo Thidé Swedish Institute of Space Physics , IRF, and Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden LOIS Space Centre, Växjö, Sweden with contributions from the LOIS OAM/radio topology collaboration - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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LOFAR Solar KSP Workshop II, APS, Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009
Utilising radio OAM to studyspace plasma vorticity
The LOIS concept and IBM softwareBo Thidé
Swedish Institute of Space Physics, IRF, and Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenLOIS Space Centre, Växjö, Sweden
with contributions from the LOIS OAM/radio topology collaborationJ. Bergman, S. Mohammadi, T. Leyser, E. Nordblad (Uppsala), L. Daldorff, (FMI, Helsinki),
R. Karlsson (Graz), T. Carozzi (Glasgow), H. Lundstedt (Lund), W. Löwe, W. Baan, M. Milrad (Växjö),M. Fredriksson, R. Gustavsson, N. Ibragimov, R. Khamitova. C. Svahnberg (BTH, Karlskrona),
H. Then (Oldenburg), T. Mendonca (Lisbon), Ya. N. Istomin (Lebedev Institute, Moscow),E. Weibust, B. Sjökvist (IBM Sweden), B. Elmegreen, L. Amini, A. Biem, D. Turaga,
and O. Verscheure (IBM Research, NY)
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009Bo Thidé 2
Early LOFAR proposals – Birth of the LOIS project
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009Bo Thidé 3
LOIS idea: Optimize LOFAR for space weather, solar physics, ionospheric turbulence and calibration...
Download from www.lois-space.net
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009
Fundamental question: How much physical information is embedded in EM radiation?
Bo Thidé 4
Symmetric under inhomogeneous Lorentz transformations. The concomitant Lie group is the 10-dimensional Poincaré group P(10). According to Noether’s theorem there therefore exist 10 conserved EM quantities. In fact there exist 23 exact continuous symmetries/conserved quantities (in vacuo), plus an as yet unknown number of approximate, conservation laws [Ibragimov, 2008].
Start from the beginning: the microscopic Maxwell-Lorentz equations
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009
Conserved quantities in EM fields and matter (1)
Bo Thidé 5
Homogeneity in time => conservation of system energy (Poynting’s theorem):
Homogeneity in space => conservation of system linear momentum (gives, e.g., rise to EM Doppler shift):
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009
Conserved quantities in EM fields an matter (2)
Bo Thidé 6
Invariance under proper Lorentz transformations => conservation of system centre of energy:
Isotropy in space => conservation of system angular momentum (gives rise to azimuthal Doppler shift):
Foundation of ‘angular momentum radio’ and vorticityprobing radio and radar methods.
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009
Total radiated EM field angular momentum
Bo Thidé 7
For radiation beams in free space, EM field angular momentum Jem can be separated into two parts [Jackson, 1998; Thidé, 2009]:
For each single Fourier mode in real-valued representation [van Enk & Nienhuis, 1992]:
The first part is the EM spin angular momentum (SAM) Sem , a.k.a. wave polarisation, and the second part is the EM orbital angular momentum (OAM) Lem .NB: In general, both EM linear momentum pem, and EM angular momentum Jem = Lem + Sem are radiated all the way out to the far zone!
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009 8Bo Thidé
That far-zone POAM is generated by near-zone longitudinal E fields is well known since 1914
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009
Micromechanical action of laser light carrying SAM and OAM
Bo Thidé 9
Spin angular momentum s = 1 Orbital angular momentum l = 8
Particles of sizes 1–3 μm irradiated by SAM/OAM laser beams
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009 10
EM beams on same frequency but different OAM are orthogonal and do not interfere with each other!
Bo Thidé
M. J. Padgett, J. Leach et al., U. Glasgow, UK; Royal Society
l=+1 l=+3
l= -4
Spiraling Poynting/OAM vectors carry a lot of information! The Jones matrix goes from 2×2 to 2(j+1)×2(j+1), j=s+l .
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009Bo Thidé 11
Topological degrees of freedom have revolutionised wireless communications
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009
First observation of angular momentum in ionospheric radio emissions, Tromsø, 1983
Bo Thidé 12
Bo Thidé. Stimulated Electromagnetic Emission and nonlinear wave-wave interactions in ionospheric heating experiments. In M. Q. Tran and M. L. Sawley, editors, Proceedings, Contributed Papers, International Conference on Plasma Physics, volume I, page 131, Lausanne, Switzerland, 27 June-3 July 1984. Centre de Recherche en Physique des Plasmas, Ecole Polytechnique Federal de Lausanne, CRPP-EPFL.
O mode SEE
X mode SEE
Circular, (nearly) O-mode pumping
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009
Imparting OAM onto an EM beam (laser, mm wave) with the help of a spiral plate or hologram
Bo Thidé 13
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009
Observations at 94 GHz of angular momentum induced azimuthal (rotational ) Doppler shift
Bo Thidé 14
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009 15Bo Thidé
Use of photon orbital angular momentum (POAM) has come to the fore in astronomy and astrophysics
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009 16Bo Thidé
Europe is leading the way
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009Bo Thidé 17
Courtesy Paul Rodrigues
Deep space radar requirements
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009
OAM spectrum probing (spiral imaging) – a new scatter radar diagnostic
Bo Thidé 18
Recent digital spiral imaging experiments (Ll. Torner et al., Opt. Express, 13, 873–881, 2005; Molina-Terriza et al., J. Eur. Opt. Soc., Rapid Publ., 2, 07014, 2007) have demonstrated that probing with OAM gives a wealth of new information about the object under study.
The stimulus…
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009
Spiral (OAM) spectrum imaging results
Bo Thidé 19
…and its response
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009
Linear transfer of OAM radio ↔ plasma
Bo Thidé 20
PRL, in press
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009
Nonlinear transfer of OAM radio <-> plasma
Bo Thidé 21
Brillouin = ion lineRaman = plasma line
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009
First unambiguous observation of Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in the ionosphere
Bo Thidé 22
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009Bo Thidé 23
First OAM/vorticity radio injection experiment in the ionospheric plasma (HAARP, Alaska, 27 Feb, 2008)
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009
Field vector sensing means total configurability
Bo Thidé 24
Very good solar radio coronagraph!
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009
Radio beam topology degrees of freedomLinear momentum (Poynting) flux and E vs. OAM
Bo Thidé 25
Mohammadi et al., IEEE Trans. Ant. Prop., in press, 2009
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009 26BoThidé
Radio beam topology degrees of freedomLeft: Conventional linear momentum (Poynting) flux and E
Right: Orbital angular momentum flux
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009Bo Thidé 27
LOIS has measured the photon spin current Vin ionospheric radio signals since 2003
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009Bo Thidé 28
LOIS resources 2003–today (total ~ 2.5 MEur)Computer cluster (two SUR grants from IBM), currently in Uppsala. To be moved to Ronneby
Radio Sweden’s 500 kW transmitter located about 100 km south of the Växjö LOIS test station and 100 km south-west of the Ronneby prototype station site. Will be used for space radar tests.
The control room at the LOIS Test Station Risinge/Växjö.
9m×8m×6m antenna chamber, Ångström Lab, Uppsala
Magnetometer, LOIS Test Station, Risinge/Växjö
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009Bo Thidé 29
New LOIS prototype site at Angelskog, RonnebyLeft photos taken 21 December, 2007, at 14:00 local time. Right photo from eniro.se
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009
LOIS prototype station under construction in RonnebyTo be augmented by two outer, concentric rings, with 16 and 32 radio units,
respectively, for a total of 56 units with three dipoles each (funding permitting)
Bo Thidé 30
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009Bo Thidé 31
Use three orthogonal electric and magnetic antennas to sample the entire EM field vector
New generation LOIS radio sensors, to be first used at EISCAT, autumn 2009
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009
3D vector antenna allows entirely new radio Better SNR, polarisation in real time, DOA,…
Bo Thidé 32
Click on pictures for animation! Real data from a real, live outdoor vector receiver at Ångström Lab in Uppsala. On line since 2003.
Vector coherency gives superior SNR relative to conventional scalar intensity
Instantaneous wave polarisation from one single vector antenna
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009
LOIS prototype station sensitivity 48 tripoles=144 dipoles
Bo Thidé 33
Bo Thidé 34Swedish LOFAR Science Meeting, Stockholm, 15 January, 2009
2D LOFAR/SKA-type interferometers may exhibit polarisation aberration. 3D interferometers do not
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009Bo Thidé 35
IBM InfoSphere Streams ideal for LOIS radio data
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009Bo Thidé 36
IBM InfoSphere Streams partly developed for LOIS
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009Bo Thidé 37
InfoSphere Streams (System S) program for a distributed network of LOIS radio sensors
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009
LOIS software developed in collaboration with IBM
Bo Thidé 38
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009Bo Thidé 39
IBM’s latest major data stream software package developed for LOIS radio data
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009
LOIS has given rise to articles in the press
Bo Thidé 40
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009
LOIS /LOFAR on Discovery Channel?
Bo Thidé 41
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009
Thank you for your attention
Bo Thidé 42
....there may be more things in heaven and earth than even Maxwell had dreamt of …
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009Bo Thidé 43
EM equivalent of fluid vorticity
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009 44Bo Thidé
Phase singularities (dislocations) are to be expectedin radio beams propagating through space
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009
Standard textbooks show that classical EM angular momentum is indeed
radiated all the way to infinity
Bo Thidé 45
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009Bo Thidé 46
Pack EM beams with much more data by utilising more topological degrees of freedom
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009
Single photons can carry both spin angular momentum S and orbital angular momentum L!
Bo Thidé 47
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009
Hyperentangled SAM and OAM photon states break the linear-optics channel capacity threshold
Bo Thidé 48
LOFAR Solar SKP Workshop II, APS. Potsdam, Germany, 24–25 June, 2009
Shannon’s law revisited
Bo Thidé 49