1

USMC Force Structure Review

Col Russell E. Smith USMCDirector

MAGTF Integration Division/Strategic Vision Group

CDD, CD&I, HQMC

30 Apr 2011

- A Marine Corps in Transition -

Our Guidance As We Began

2

SecDef’s Guidance (San Francisco Speech)

“.. to be at the “tip of the spear” in the future, when the U.S. military is likely to confront a range of irregular and hybrid conflicts.”

“… the United States will continue to face a diverse range of threats that will require a more flexible portfolio of military capabilities.”

“… flexible and prepared to fight and operate in any contingency – including counterinsurgency and stability operations.”

“...the maritime soul of the Marine Corps needs to be preserved,”

“..challenge is finding the right balance between preserving what is unique and valuable while making changes needed to win the wars we are in and likely to face.”

“…the Marines’ greatest strengths: a broad portfolio of capabilities and penchant for adapting that are needed to be successful in any campaign.”

3

SecNav’s Guidance

“… build on Marine Corp’s willingness to adapt and its steady institutional focus on readiness and national relevance “

“ … conduct a capabilities-based force structure review that balances requirements and capacities throughout the conflict spectrum, across multiple domains (sea, air, ground, and cyber) “

“… provide me with recommendations that result in a 21st century expeditionary force in readiness”

“… remain capable of being able to project ready-to-fight forces from the sea into potentially hostile territory”

“ must remain a well-trained, morally strong, highly disciplined, high-state-of-readiness force, capable of operating persistently forward in multiple geographic theaters; responding rapidly to any crisis “

“… primary goal should be to maximize total force capability and minimize risk …”

“… rapidly disaggregate and aggregate to increase forward engagement, rapidly respond to crisis, and rapidly project power in austere locations.”

“Provide options for headquarters and staff reductions and institutional efficiencies.”

4

Role of the Marine Corps within the Joint Force

An integrated & balanced air-ground-logistics team

Fwd deployed and fwd engaged – ever ready to respond and protect as directed

Responsive & scalable - ready today to respond to the full range of crises & contingencies

Trained & equipped to Integrate with other Services, Allies and Interagency partners

The USMC is a Middleweight Force…“light enough to get there quickly, heavy enough to carry the day upon arrival”

Expeditionary Force-in-Readiness Defined

5

Force Structure Review Group(FSRG)

What We Did

6

A Total Force, Capability-Based Review (Active, Reserve, Civilian)Senior USMC Leadership for 3 months

3 Star Exec Steering Group - CMC Direct Guidance/Oversight

Objective: Design a Relevant, Efficient & Effective Force for Crisis Response & Fwd

Engagement with a Single MCO Capacity

* Mitigated Risk Whenever Feasible With an Operational Reserve* Incorporated Lessons Learned from last 10 years of combat

* Employed OSD Planning Scenarios & Analytic Tools to Test the Force* Cross Checked Against Approved OPLANS

* Red Team Review Throughout* Examined Capability Bands Between 175-190K

Capabilities-Based Review

186.8K Active Force / 39.6K Reserve Force186.8K Active Force / 39.6K Reserve Force

EngagementEngagement Crisis Response Power Projection Sustained Op IW/MCO Crisis Response Power Projection Sustained Op IW/MCOEngagementEngagement Crisis Response Power Projection Sustained Op IW/MCO Crisis Response Power Projection Sustained Op IW/MCO

7

Sweet Spot

Major Initiatives

Ready, regionally focused C2 for crisis response Ready operating forces manned at 99% enlisted and 95% officers

5 regionally aligned JTF capable MEB command elements to support GCCs

Increased enablers to create a multi-capable force (enablers + general purpose = multi-capable)

Designed for the future Restructured logistics groups to increase the depth, availability and responsiveness of our combat

service support

67% increase in cyber capacity

Marine Special Operations increased 44% in critical combat and combat service support

Institutionalized IW organizations

ISR structured to tightly integrate tactical, operational and strategic capability for distributed and complex operations

Command structures flattened…new operational construct Changed High Demand/Low Density MOS’ to High Demand/Right Density

A fully integrated operational reserve

Full spectrum readiness

Consolidated/reorganized/eliminated 21 active and reserve higher headquarters

8

Structural Changes

Operating Forces Reduced infantry regiment HQ (8 to 7) Reduced infantry battalions (27 to 24) Reduced artillery battalions (11 to 9) Reduced flying squadrons (70 to 61) Reduced wing supt group HQs (3 to 0) Increased UAS squadrons (4 to 5)

Reorganized all logistics commands Consolidated MPs to support law enforcement requirements

5 JTF capable MEB HQs for GCCs Combined two 3 star HQs & realigned 3 star authorization to Cmdr MARCENT High Demand/Low Density are now High Demand/Right Density

Operating Forces Reduced infantry regiment HQ (8 to 7) Reduced infantry battalions (27 to 24) Reduced artillery battalions (11 to 9) Reduced flying squadrons (70 to 61) Reduced wing supt group HQs (3 to 0) Increased UAS squadrons (4 to 5)

Reorganized all logistics commands Consolidated MPs to support law enforcement requirements

5 JTF capable MEB HQs for GCCs Combined two 3 star HQs & realigned 3 star authorization to Cmdr MARCENT High Demand/Low Density are now High Demand/Right Density

Joint/MARSOC/CYBER Increased Cyber 67% (+250) Increased MARSOC 44% (+1000)

Training/Supporting Establishment Reduced civilian structure (-2979 or 13%) Mil-to-civ conversions limited active duty structure reductions Reorganized installations/consolidate leadership Training Command consolidation Downgraded three 2 star billets to 1 stars Maintained HMX-1, nuclear weapon security, joint billets, chem-bio incident response and embassy support

Reserve Cadred division, wing, logistics & mobilization command HQs Reduced regimental headquarters (3 to 2) Increased civil affairs groups (3 to 5) Increased CI/HUMINT (1 to 2) Increased ANGLICO (2 to 3)

Joint/MARSOC/CYBER Increased Cyber 67% (+250) Increased MARSOC 44% (+1000)

Training/Supporting Establishment Reduced civilian structure (-2979 or 13%) Mil-to-civ conversions limited active duty structure reductions Reorganized installations/consolidate leadership Training Command consolidation Downgraded three 2 star billets to 1 stars Maintained HMX-1, nuclear weapon security, joint billets, chem-bio incident response and embassy support

Reserve Cadred division, wing, logistics & mobilization command HQs Reduced regimental headquarters (3 to 2) Increased civil affairs groups (3 to 5) Increased CI/HUMINT (1 to 2) Increased ANGLICO (2 to 3)Note: ~26k in Training, Transient,

Patient and Prisoner (T2P2) status9

Next Steps

FY11 Quick Wins Fully establish MARCENT MEB CE Stop programmed 202k growth

(tanks, AAV, bridge company, combat logistics company) Deactivate wing support group headquarters Institutionalize irregular warfare organizations Consolidate training and education commands & combine staffs Halt planned civilian growth * Begin reorganization of logistics commands Begin Installations reorganization Speed up CYBER growth

* Growth in Cyber/Acquisition is likely necessary

10

Next StepsFY12 Strengthen manning of Pacific JTF-capable MEB on Okinawa Begin strengthening manning of MARSOC Reorganize military police for future IW operations Consolidate MARFORCOM & II MEF staffs & move 3 star authorization to

MARCENT Cadre and consolidate major reserve headquarters

FY13 & Beyond Complete establishment of MARFOR MEB HQs at GCCs Deactivate infantry regiment Complete MARSOC capability and capacity increase

11

Way Ahead

Continue developing, sustaining and enabling the Nation’s Expeditionary Force in Readiness

Move forward with implementation

Conduct DOTMLPF analysis ~ next 6 months

FSRG results to inform POM 13

Seek Title 10 changes for improved access to operational reserve

(OSD Support)

FY12 NDAA DOPMA Relief

(OSD Support)

Develop a measured way to reduce the force over time “to keep faith with Marines, families and civilians”

12