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Using Video Using Video Projects in the Projects in the
ClassroomClassroom
Jim Demmers
March 27, 2008
2
TopicsTopics
• Video project work flow
• Video capture, editing, compression and codecs
• Classroom video projects that work
• Project ideas for your classrooms
• Video project work flow
• Video capture, editing, compression and codecs
• Classroom video projects that work
• Project ideas for your classrooms
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Video Project Work FlowVideo Project Work Flow
• Storyboard your idea
• Shoot you video
• Capture your video to a NLE program
• Edit to fine-tune your story
• Export the final product
• Storyboard your idea
• Shoot you video
• Capture your video to a NLE program
• Edit to fine-tune your story
• Export the final product
4
The Storyboard The Storyboard
• A series of diagrams that depict the blocking of each scene in a video production
• Should include a short written description of the action taking place
• A necessary first step in designing any sort of media production
• A series of diagrams that depict the blocking of each scene in a video production
• Should include a short written description of the action taking place
• A necessary first step in designing any sort of media production
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Shooting Your VideoShooting Your Video
• Shoot to edit
» Always consider how your current shot is going to fit into the overall sequence
» Include a few seconds of “video slop” before and after each shot
» Consider headroom and the rule-of-thirds when framing your shots
• Shoot to edit
» Always consider how your current shot is going to fit into the overall sequence
» Include a few seconds of “video slop” before and after each shot
» Consider headroom and the rule-of-thirds when framing your shots
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Shooting TipsShooting Tips
• Wear headphones to monitor audio
• Use a tripod and limit zooming/panning
• Level the tripod and camera
• Be careful using autofocus
• Set the camera white balance
• Avoid backlit shots
• Wear headphones to monitor audio
• Use a tripod and limit zooming/panning
• Level the tripod and camera
• Be careful using autofocus
• Set the camera white balance
• Avoid backlit shots
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Capture Your Video to a NLECapture Your Video to a NLE
• iMovie, Moviemaker, Premier, and Final Cut Pro can all capture & import video
• Most cameras now have a firewire/i.link port for off-loading video
• Either import individual clips from your HD or capture them directly to the NLE
• Captured clips should always be given meaningful names
• iMovie, Moviemaker, Premier, and Final Cut Pro can all capture & import video
• Most cameras now have a firewire/i.link port for off-loading video
• Either import individual clips from your HD or capture them directly to the NLE
• Captured clips should always be given meaningful names
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Edit To Fine-Tune Your StoryEdit To Fine-Tune Your Story
• Editing “shapes” the story and provides emotional impact
• The storyboard should be used as a guide to fine-tuning your story
• Transitions and effects are fun to play with but their use is best kept to a minimum
• Adding a music track to your video can greatly enhance its effect
• Editing “shapes” the story and provides emotional impact
• The storyboard should be used as a guide to fine-tuning your story
• Transitions and effects are fun to play with but their use is best kept to a minimum
• Adding a music track to your video can greatly enhance its effect
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Edit To Fine-Tune Your StoryEdit To Fine-Tune Your Story
• Review your footage and look for edit points that will help tell your story
• Arrange your clips in sequence on the timeline
• Add transitions and effects sparingly
• Mix audio (voiceover, music, sound effects) in sync with your video
• Review your footage and look for edit points that will help tell your story
• Arrange your clips in sequence on the timeline
• Add transitions and effects sparingly
• Mix audio (voiceover, music, sound effects) in sync with your video
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Edit To Fine-Tune Your StoryEdit To Fine-Tune Your Story
• You can “sweeten” the sound by using a normalize filter on your audio
• Adding titles not only identifies the subject of your production but also serves as an important way to highlight your student’s participation
• How you export your final production depends upon who your audience is
• You can “sweeten” the sound by using a normalize filter on your audio
• Adding titles not only identifies the subject of your production but also serves as an important way to highlight your student’s participation
• How you export your final production depends upon who your audience is
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Export The Final ProductExport The Final Product
• Most output will require compression
• A codec is software or hardware that enables Compression and DECompression of audio and video files.
• Must balance file size, bit rate, and quality
• All codecs are either Lossy or lossless
• Contained within software “wrappers” • (such as QuickTime & AVI)
• Most output will require compression
• A codec is software or hardware that enables Compression and DECompression of audio and video files.
• Must balance file size, bit rate, and quality
• All codecs are either Lossy or lossless
• Contained within software “wrappers” • (such as QuickTime & AVI)
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A Few Words About Bit RatesA Few Words About Bit Rates
• Audio (MP3)
• 32 kbit/s — AM quality
• 96 kbit/s — FM quality
• 128–160 kbit/s — Standard Bitrate quality; difference can sometimes be obvious (e.g. bass quality)
• 192 kbit/s — DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting) quality. Quickly becoming the new 'standard' bitrate for MP3 music; difference can be heard by few people.
• 224–320 kbit/s — Near CD quality. Sound is nearly
indistinguishable from most CDs.
• Audio (MP3)
• 32 kbit/s — AM quality
• 96 kbit/s — FM quality
• 128–160 kbit/s — Standard Bitrate quality; difference can sometimes be obvious (e.g. bass quality)
• 192 kbit/s — DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting) quality. Quickly becoming the new 'standard' bitrate for MP3 music; difference can be heard by few people.
• 224–320 kbit/s — Near CD quality. Sound is nearly
indistinguishable from most CDs.
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A Few Words About Bit RatesA Few Words About Bit Rates
• Video (MPEG2)
• 16 kbit/s — videophone quality (minimum necessary for a consumer-acceptable "talking head" picture)
• 128 – 384 kbit/s — business-oriented videoconferencing system quality
• 5 Mbit/s — DVD quality
• 15 Mbit/s — HDTV quality
• 36 Mbit/s — HD DVD quality
• 54 Mbit/s — Blu-ray Disc quality
• Video (MPEG2)
• 16 kbit/s — videophone quality (minimum necessary for a consumer-acceptable "talking head" picture)
• 128 – 384 kbit/s — business-oriented videoconferencing system quality
• 5 Mbit/s — DVD quality
• 15 Mbit/s — HDTV quality
• 36 Mbit/s — HD DVD quality
• 54 Mbit/s — Blu-ray Disc quality
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Commonly Used Video CodecsCommonly Used Video Codecs(Lossy)(Lossy)
• Cinepak: outdated but once ubiquitous
• MPEG-2: used for DVD & HDTV
• MPEG-4: high quality - streaming, CD, TV
• Sorenson 3: good overall for web and CD
• WMV: streaming - MS only and proprietary
• RealVideo: streaming but proprietary
• Cinepak: outdated but once ubiquitous
• MPEG-2: used for DVD & HDTV
• MPEG-4: high quality - streaming, CD, TV
• Sorenson 3: good overall for web and CD
• WMV: streaming - MS only and proprietary
• RealVideo: streaming but proprietary
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Commonly Used Audio CodecsCommonly Used Audio Codecs
• WAV: PC lossless audio file storage (MS)
• AIFF: lossless audio file storage (Apple)
• PCM: for digital video and CD - lossless
• MP3: audio file storage for music - lossy
• AAC: music and DVD audio - lossy
• WMA: a lossless and lossy wrapper(MS)
• WAV: PC lossless audio file storage (MS)
• AIFF: lossless audio file storage (Apple)
• PCM: for digital video and CD - lossless
• MP3: audio file storage for music - lossy
• AAC: music and DVD audio - lossy
• WMA: a lossless and lossy wrapper(MS)
Compression Examples
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Compression For the WebCompression For the Web
HDV, 30 fps, 26 mbits/sec, 148 MB
“Georgia Aquarium”
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Compression For the WebCompression For the Web
“Georgia Aquarium”H.264, 15 fps, 1 mbits/sec, 5.5 MB
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Compression For the WebCompression For the Web
“Georgia Aquarium”
Cinepak 15 fps, 2 mbits/sec, 10.4 MB
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Your TurnYour Turn
“Pacific Octopus”DV, 30 fps, 248 mbits/sec, 570 MB
Classroom Video Projects That Work
Some examples
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Highland Ranch ElementaryHighland Ranch Elementary
“Time Team”
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How Did They Do It?How Did They Do It?
• Students divided in teams that each had a camera operator, a director, and talent
• Students took turns playing each role
• Each student wrote a script highlighting six strategies for becoming a great reader
• memorized their lines, practiced speaking, shot the scenes and edited the footage
• Students divided in teams that each had a camera operator, a director, and talent
• Students took turns playing each role
• Each student wrote a script highlighting six strategies for becoming a great reader
• memorized their lines, practiced speaking, shot the scenes and edited the footage
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Highland Ranch ElementaryHighland Ranch Elementary
“Time Team”
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Springfield Public SchoolsSpringfield Public Schools
“Platinum”
Elements Commercials
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Springfield Public SchoolsSpringfield Public Schools
“Phosphorus”
Elements Commercials
Project Ideas For Your Classroom
Things to consider
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Video stylesVideo styles
• Instructional – talking head speaks directly to the camera and shares information
• Situational – “candid” shots of classroom activities
• Scripted narrative – students serve as actors and must memorizer their lines
• Voiceover – no actor dialogue. Could be stills or video
• Instructional – talking head speaks directly to the camera and shares information
• Situational – “candid” shots of classroom activities
• Scripted narrative – students serve as actors and must memorizer their lines
• Voiceover – no actor dialogue. Could be stills or video
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Production ConsiderationsProduction Considerations
• One camera or two?
• Wireless or on-camera microphone?
• Ancillary light source or ambient light?
• Location, location, location!
• Copyright concerns
• And what about release forms?
• One camera or two?
• Wireless or on-camera microphone?
• Ancillary light source or ambient light?
• Location, location, location!
• Copyright concerns
• And what about release forms?
Project Ideas For Your Classroom
Let’s brainstorm!!
