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Using SACOSAN IV, 2010 Sri Lanka as a common platform

Workshop Report

27 – 29 April, 2009 Tangerine Hotel, Kalutara.

Ministry of Healthcare Ministry of Water Supply and Nutrition and Drainage

REPORT PREPARED BY : Gitanjali Marcelline 15/05/2009

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Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………….. 3 Day 1 proceedings …………………………………………………………… 3 Day 2 Proceedings …………………………………………………………… 6 Day 3 Proceedings …………………………………………………………… 19 List of Participants …………………………………………………………… 44 Workshop Agenda …………………………………………………………… 47 Speeches/Addresses ………………………………………………………….. 50 Appendix – Profiles of Key Speakers ………………………………………... 53

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Introduction A 3 day regional workshop on Sustainable Sanitation in South Asia was held from 27 – 29 April, 2009, in Sri Lanka, at the Tangerine Beach Hotel, Kalutara, under the theme “Using SACOSAN IV, 2010 in Sri Lanka as a Common Platform” The Workshop was jointly funded by the Stockholm Environmental Institute (SEI) and United Nations Children and Education Fund (UNICEF). It was organized in collaboration with the Ministry of Healthcare and Nutrition and Ministry of Water Supply and Drainage. The overall objective of the workshop was to use the South Asian Conference on Sanitation (SACOSAN) as a common platform to take sustainable sanitation and ecological sanitation to greater scale in South Asia, specifically;

• Review the position of ecological sanitation within the overall sanitation sector in South Asia

• Review the global cutting-edge successes in the field • Share experiences from around the sub-region • Identify the successes and failures in the involvement of ecological sanitation in the

SACOSAN process to date • Develop detailed country-level plans to ensure greater profile of ecological sanitation

in SACOSAN IV to be held in 2010 in Sri Lanka.

Day 1 Sustainable Sanitation and Ecological Sanitation (SuSan and Ecosan) Key outcomes It could be seen that the position of sustainable and ecological sanitation within the overall sanitation sector in South Asia needed review, considering that many stakeholders are unaware of the global developments albeit confused about the definitions of sanitation and seemingly does not know the difference between SuSan and Ecosan. Therefore, Session One attempted to give an overview on global developments and clarify definitions and compare differences. It was clear from the ensuing discussion that poverty and financing was the main contributory factor to the non-pursuit of ecological sanitation projects in rural communities in South Asia. There were also concerns about the health risks posed from greywater. The benefits of using Compost toilets vis a vis Conventional toilets was also discussed. The need for change of attitudes/mindsets of the general public regarding ecosan was felt. The importance of sanitation cannot be undermined, especially its link with agriculture. Towards stressing the importance of sanitation and closing the nutrient loop in agriculture, in Session 2, presentations on opportunities in linking sanitation and agriculture and the activities of Plantation Human Development Trust (PHDT) of Sri Lanka were made. Whilst from the former, it could be seen that there are many avenues for such links, from the latter presentation it was gathered that although currently there is lack of infrastructure

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facilities in the plantations, with proper funding there is scope for promoting ecosan and controlling poverty. There is no denying the lack of awareness of the benefits of social marketing of SuSan and Ecosan. Towards sensitizing stakeholders, Session 3 focused on the benefits of social marketing with an outline of community-led approaches. From it, one gathered that there there were a couple of approaches, which could serve the South Asian stakeholders purpose, such as Community Approaches to Sanitation (CATS) and Community-led Total Sanitation (CLTS). However, there are issues. They being;

• donors targeting the community and not households, • sustainability of ecosan yet being unproven, • quality of structures (communities opting to attune it to their needs instead of

adhering to one quality standard) For the greater understanding of participants, experiences from SCOPE, Tamil Nadu were recounted. It was gathered that that benefits were great with the aged and the handicapped also being reached, resulting in an increased demand for compost toilets. Further, the use of innovative marketing/promotional strategies such as a ‘Toilet Beauty Contest’ could be considered a motivational tool. However, from the next presentation it could be seen that there are challenges to marketing rainwater harvesting in Sri Lanka. They being;

a) lack of awareness of technological advancements b) lack of skills c) high costs of tanks d) misonceptions about water quality e) lack of policy

Yet it was believed these could be met with such activities as demonstration of products and service in public places (schools, temples) training (Masons, Technicians, Professionals), research and development (pricing, water quality, surveys of user patterns and the use of rainwater agriculture). Among the benefits are;

• access to clean drinking water • skill enhancement in the village • better sanitation practice due to more water availability

Some of the lessons learnt from these initiatives were

a) the importance of implementing policy b) training in operation of maintenance c) improved international technology.

Since ecosan has a link with agriculture, the ensuing discussions focused on the enhanced need for community involvement over technological development. It was believed that more emphasis on the former, with proper awareness and training would be the longer-term solution towards taking sustainable sanitation and ecological sanitation forward. Towards understanding the challenges to social marketing of already existing ecosan acitivities in Sri Lanka, a presentation was made by IFRC representative. Accordingly, although embarked on a pilot project, there has been difficulty in upscaling ecosan for reasons ranging from limited

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funds to wrong attitudes/mindsets and virtually non-existent guideline and policy. Whereas, it was believed different levels of initiatives need to be taken at national, local and user level to address same. In the belief that dissemination of information can help take SuSan and Ecosan to greater scale in South Asia, Session 4 focused on Knowledge-sharing of regional initiatives with regard to Ecosan. According to Ms. Jairath, one initiative taken has been to initiate the Capacity Development Network for South Asia. Accordingly, if Ecosan is to be taken forward, mobilizing civil society and developing their capacity is of prime importance as is political will through change of attitudes/mindsets. Whereas, it was believed that the need of the hour is knowledge-sharing, ICT development and most importantly, monitoring/follow-up with indicators set. According to Dr. Shrestra, the other regional initiative taken for eco-san knowledge-sharing was having an Eco-San Knowledge Node for South Asia. Allocating such a node has helped in pro-poor capacity development in eight countries, particularly in ensuring a transparent process and conducting scoping studies and its validation. Accordingly, the purpose in appointing a node was to reduce morbidity and mortality linked to poor access to sanitation facilities and to increase the use of sanitation technologies which are environmentally responsible. There are well defined roles for the node. Apart from serving as networking agent and knowledge brokers, he/she has to develop capacity of communities. Among the outputs would be;

• raising awareness and improving coordination • having a knowledge repository.

According to Dr. Rosemarin, another regional initiative related to eco-san knowledge sharing is the setting up of a Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA), with the aim of having a roadmap for more sustainable practices. Yet, SuSanA has not been effective enough in promoting sustainable sanitation due to a host of reasons ranging from lack of political will, ineffective promotion and low public awareness through to inappropriate approaches. Another regional initiative related to ecosan knowledge-sharing is the UNICEF/SEI collaboration in India, with the objective of initiating advocacy, capacity-development, particularly knowledge-sharing for SuSan, and to conduct India-centric research. The initial success of the collaboration was measured by the amount of workshops held, sensitizing/training provided to a broad spectrum of stakeholders, and the effective marketing/promotion and setting up of ecosan projects in rural communities. Advocacy entailed having regular communication with stakeholders. In capacity-development, the following initiatives were taken;

a) technical supervision and provision of support to NGO’s b) conduct of awareness/training and holding of demos to stakeholders including

authorities and civil society In knowledge management;

• produced and distributed IEC material (ecosan handbook, CD’s putlining ecosan toilet construction method, etc.)

• networked and engaged in Research and Development, such as the use of urine as fertilizer on vegtebles, fruit (Banana), development of waterless urinals

• created a Centre of Excellence in Sustainable Sanitation. However, the collaboration has not been without issues. Among those being;

a) gaps in capacity-development and knowledge-dissemination b) lack of skilled personnel for project implementation at grassroots-level

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c) lack of knowledge-sharing

Future activities are concentrated on compiling a document on ecosan initiatives for finalizing the roadmap for scaling-up SuSan and Ecosan in India. Accordingly, an evaluation of Ecosan Projects in India reveal that more needs to be done in terms of capacity-building, e.g., conducting sensitizing workshops, coordination and knowledge-development and development of design options. Where Research is concerned;

• research and develop and submit proposal for new small-scale methodology under clean development mechanism for claiming carbon credits from ecosan

• establish a partnership with M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, • follow-up on dissemination of information.

In the ensuing discussions, the possibility of having bio-gas toilets under the definition ecosan was deliberated, considering China was one of the first countries to go for it. Day 2 SACOSAN – Broad vision from global to regional Considering that that the overall objective of the workshop is to use SACOSAN as a common platform to take SuSan and Ecosan to greater scale in South Asia, it was deemed pertinent to provide a general overview on the SACOSAN process and share experiences and expectations on the process. Session 1 commenced by looking at SACOSAN 1 – III – developments opportunities and experiences of host countries. Key outcomes Session 1 focused on giving an overview of SACOSAN I – III., with its advocacy process and link to Millennium Development Goals. Accordingly, SACOSAN 1, held in Bangladesh in 2003, resulted in a Declaration espousing, among other, elimination of open defacation, community subsidies for promotion, awareness, capacity-building, and holding gender sensitive programmes. This was followed-up with ministerial and inter-country working groups meetings. SACOSAN II was held in Pakistan in 2006, to renew commitment, launch national sanitation policy and plan for subsequent meetings. SACOSAN III comprising 8 countries was held in India in 2008, to recognize that access to sanitation safe drinking water is a human right and to work towards total and sustainable sanitation. Successes are; building political will, and all countries launching sanitation policies and having a target for universal access. Whereas, among the failures can be counted;

a) ecosan not reaching the most important target groups – universities, research institutes, civil society;

b) ineffectiveness of the Inter-Country Working Group (ICWG) The proposed solution was to follow-up on community involvement of SACOSAN, ensure improved stakeholder participation in the ECOSAN process, and for ICWG to play a more active role.

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This session was followed by SACOSAN hosts presentation on experiences/changes through hosting of SACOSAN. Among the major initiatives taken by the Bangladesh government were;

• declaration in 2003 of Sanitation for all by 2010 • carrying out of a national baseline survey for sanitation • scaling up of community-led total sanitation program initiated in Bangladesh 2004 • launch of the National Sanitation Strategy in 2005 • establishment of an independent Monitoring and Evaluation Committee in 2007 • demonstrating eco-toilets in 2008

The findings of the 2003 basline survey were;

a) the largest percentage of families live in rural areas, but only a small percentage (28.77%) use sanitary latrines, meaning the majority openly defacates when compared with those living in City Corporations and municipalities.

b) sanitary coverage over the years increased from 33.21% in 2003 to 88.50% in 2008, which is a commendable feature.

The Pakistan representative’s observation was that half the countries in South Asia does not have access to proper sanitation. Therefore, SACOSAN served as an eye opener to all countries regarding sanitation standards in the region. Accordingly, the Pakistan government is in the process of developing a Sanitation strategy, which is in its final stages. It was further informed that the drafting of a National Drinking Water policy is in the pipeline. From India’s presentation, it was gathered that, following the holding of SACOSAN III, the Indian government embarked on the development of a National Urban Sanitation Policy and a total Sanitation Campaign in Rural Areas by 2010. The strategy used for this was community-led approaches. In research and development, the government targeted cost-effective and sustainable technological options, e.g., grey water treatment plant in peri-urban areas for use in agricultural production. The campaign commenced by sensitizing the community and encouraging leadership of local bodies, youth/women’s organizations and schools. Further, there will be a convergence with related sectors. Whereas, Session 2 looked at whether SACOSAN helped make sanitation more sustainable. It was a Working Group Session with questions such as “How do participants experience the SACOSAN process”? How is the SACOSAN process perceived at different levels of society”? “What is expected”? and “How to contribute?” posed, with the express purpose of participants brainstorming towards finding effective responses. The method used was to group cards in categories, for which purpose participants were made to form five groups. Upon brainstorming, participants categorized the cards as follows; Policy

• Generate highest level of commitment • National-level participation and involvement at Ministerial level • Capacity-building of politicians in political conduct • Involvement of political leaders in all levels of sanitation process • Formation of Secretariat at national-level incorporating all related actors

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• Have a Sanitation Policy in Place • Ensure increased budgetary allocation for sanitation

Monitoring/follow-up

o Ensure continuous monitoring/follow-up at at national and regional-levels o Follow-up on Sanitation Policy implementation

Planning

Highlight Ecosan in the national programme Prepare and operationalize Master Plan Have Ecosan as an option Ensure improved monitoring and evaluation Facilitate Millennium Development Goals targets Work on change of attitudes/mindsets Look beyond compost toilets Involve civil society in program design

Networking

Intercountry Working Group (ICWG) should be proactive There should be more networking at regional-level Ongoing programmes should incorporate SACOSAN

Stakeholders

Have thematic papers for different stakeholders Ensure improved stakeholders participation in the SACOSAN process There should be a collaborative effort by all stakeholders Ensure country involvement in the SACOSAN proces As currently, there is insufficient invilvement of civil society in the SACOSAN

process, facilitate their involvement Also ensure country involvement Ensure the participation of grassroots-level people Create more opportunities for civil society Ensure NGO and other stakeholder involvement Look at Public Private Partnerships

Outreach

Sharing and learning sustainable sanitation Disseminate/publish SACOSAN material Ensure mass media involvement

Research and Development

Ensure good documentation and sharing of Research and Development Schools

Include Sanitation in School curriculum in South Asian countries Systems

Sanitation coverage (physical) to be increased Integrate sanitation not only in toilets Have sustainable sanitation approaches

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Ensure continuous monitoring and evaluation Session 3 looked at SuSan/Ecosan in the SACOSAN Process. The objective of the session, apart from identifying the successes/failures in the involvement of ecological sanitation in the SACOSAN process to date, was to share experiences from around the region and examine where we are now and where we want to go. However, at the outset, it was deemed necessary to explain to participants ecosan in SACOSAN III . According to the Presenter, when attempts were being made for the inclusion of ‘sanitation’ as one of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) there was resistance from some of the developed countries who were anxious about what all elements the term‘sanitation’ included. Accordingly, a holistic definition of sanitation includes safe water, liquid and solid waste management, environmental cleanliness and personal hygiene. The session had been divided into three thematic sections, namely, Climate Change and Sanitation, “Waste” to “Wealth” and EcoSan. As a part of the session six papers had been presented by practioners who shared their experiences of community-led waste management programs and connected themes such as capacity building and awareness-generation on environmentally sustainable sanitation technologies. The sessions had been concluded with a Declaration and drawing up a SACOSAN Roadmap for 2015. However, it was stressed by the presenter that we need to identify a person from Sri lanka and draw up a Terms of Reference. In order to share experiences from around the region, guidelines for country presentations were given, such as; Government level Policy: Is there a policy for sanitation? Is ecosan specifically included in the Policy? National Plans: Is ecosan currently included in National Sanitation Plans? Standards: Do sanitation standards exist? Are they adequate? SACOSAN: To what extent was ecosan reflected in the last SACOSAN presentation? NGO level Which activities are implemented at field level?

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Country Presentations Afghanistan Government level Policy: Policy exists.. However, ecosan not included National Plans: Under revision Standards: Although existing, inadequate SACOSAN: Not reflected at all. NGO level Activities implemented at field level Assessment ] Site Selection ]Training Implementation ]Monitoring Hygiene Promotion] Bhutan Government level Policy: a) No stand-alone policy. However, it is included under RWSS policy b) No Ecosan Policy National Plans None Standards Basic standard exists, but inadequate SACOSAN Not included in the presentation NGO Level Activities implemented in the field No NGO’s but RGOB piloting Ecosan in four areas

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Bangladesh Government level Policy National Sanitation Policy in place. Ecosan specifically included, but inadequate National Plans Ecosan currently included as demonstration. Latrine at the lowest administrative Unit (Union Parishad) Standards Standards exist.(pour flush).

Currently ecosdan also considered as standard design However, standards are inadequate and need to be improved upon

SACOSAN Ecosan mentioned in country paper Separate experience presented during thematic group presentation NGO Level Activities implemented in the field

Sensitization workshop Social mobilization awareness Training for users and masons Piloting (rural and urban) Replication on a limited scale Promoted Ecosan at school Homestead gardening and mini-agriculture using urine and compost Monitoring Documentation Held lesson-sharing workshop Advocacy/research

India Government level Policy There is a policy for sanitation Ecosan is not specifically included in the Policy National Plans Ecosan is not currently included in national sanitation plans, but included as an option in rural sanitation SACOSAN SACOSAN adequately reflected for promotion and awareness. SACOSAN also espoused in PM’s speech NGO Level Activities implemented in the field

a) Training/workshops b) Pilot projects c) Research d) School pilot project e) Community pilot project f) Distribution of IEC materials

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g) Urine use in agriculture Pakistan Government level Policy: Policy for sanitation formulated. Ecosan not included in the Policy National Plans: Ecosan not included in National Sanitation plans Standards: Sanitation standards do not exist. SACOSAN: Ecosan was not reflected in the last SACOSAN presentation NGO level Activities implemented in the field Made a short presentation of Pakistan’s model Sri Lanka Government level Policy: Policy for sanitation at final draft stage Ecosan included in draft policy National Plans: National plan not drafted. However, sectoral plan in existence Standards: .Available for conventional sceptic tank., yet it is inadequate No standard available for Ecosan. SACOSAN: Ecosan was not reflected in the last SACOSAN presentation NGO level Activities implemented in the field

Advocacy/awarneness Lobbying Capacity building and training Demonstration projects Promotion Design/construction Financing Research and Development

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Nepal Government level Policy: NSP – 1994 RWSSLP USP 2009 (Draft) Ecosan - RWSSLP – 2004 National Plans: Yes, in National Plan and Master Plan Standards: .Exist, yet inadequate. Plan for improvement. SACOSAN: Ecosan not reflected in the last SACOSAN presentation NGO level Activities implemented in the field At community and school-level SLTS/CLTS/Stand-alone/WATSAN) Discussion The discussion commenced by a participant questioning the Ecosan process in India. The presenter informed that it was integrated with other government programmes in India. Whereas, from the Nepal presenter, the institutional network was questioned. It was informed that among the network are community action groups and schools, for which pilot projects have been initiated, such as the introduction of eco-village/communities. Additionally, the government is working on scaling-up ecosan in Nepal. Commenting on the Public-Private-Partnership model mentioned in the Pakistan presentation, its’ effectiveness was questioned. It was informed that PPP, apart from introducing much needed private sector capital also introduces private sector practices and efficiencies. Further, it promotes competitive markets and encourages innovation. Accordingly, the benefits of such a partnership cannot be undermined considering the host of advantages, particularly funds, through which a complete ecosan system has been commenced in Pakistan. The other is capacity-development, through which endeavour, three out of five ecosan components the communities/groups were able to handle by themselves. Where Afghanistan is concerned, it was revealed that by including ecosan to policy, much could be achieved, such as ecosan/compost toilets. Whereas, yet the government is focused on constructing latrines.

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Session 4 was a Working Group session in order to examine where we are now with regard to ecosan and reuse. As such, a discussion was held, to identify working themes for the following session. The methodology used was to break into five groups with the groups given a list of themes to shortlist to five. The list is as follows:-

1. Capacity Development 2. Cost and economic 3. Renewable energy/groundwater 4. Climate change 5. Hygiene/health 6. Agriculture/food security 7. Cities and planning 8. Community and rural sanitation 9. Emergency and reconstruction 10. Sanitation as a Business 11. Public awareness and marketing 12. Operation and maintenance 13. Gender and SACOSAN

The following questions on ecosan and reuse to be answered by the five groups under the selected themes;-

1. What do you want to see as an outcome of SACOSAN? 2. What are the drivers for sanitation? 3. Which are the knowledge gaps? 4. Where do we need capacity development? 5. What has worked or can be expected to work? 6. What are the challenges?

Group 1

1. Agriculture/Food security 2. Climate change 3. Cost and economic 4. Cities & Planning 5. Capacity Development

Group 2

1. Ecosan & government policy 2. Capacity Development 3. Technology option 4. Public Awareness and Marketing 5. Community-managed systems

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Group 3

1. Gender-sensitive capacity building with integrated approach 2. Technology option and economics 3. Sanitation and disaster management 4. National planning and policy formulation 5. Health, Hygiene and food security

Group 4

1. Agriculture & food security 2. Health & Hygiene 3. Cost and economic 4. Public awareness

Group 5

1. Capacity building 2. Climate change 3. Technological options 4. Food and agricultural security 5. Health & hygiene

Popular/favored themes Agriculture/food security Capacity development Technological options Hygiene/health Cost and economic Urban Sanitation and school sanitation Cities and planning Public awareness Climate change National planning and policy formulation Themes selected by groups Group 1 Agriculture/food security Group 2 Technological options Group 3 National planning and policy formulation Group 4 Cities and Planning Group 5 Capacity Development

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Session 5, again a working group session was used to address the identified themes. The idea was to brainstorm addressing respective teams, activities and action plans – who would be the partners and champions, priorities and timelines. As for methodology, the World Café method was used: The working group will start with one theme for 20 minutes and then move to the next theme. One participant stays with the theme and does not move for continuity. So every group will have to input on each theme. The person who stayed with the respective theme will present after the working session on all the received inputs. Theme 1 Agriculture/food security Priorities Fertilizer (20% faeces, 80% urine), application soil Environmental – water quality Peri-urban/urban agriculture climate energy Time of application – matched Calculate NP/C coming from urine/faeces Economic savings Activities Technical assessment survey data collection

1. Establishment of good demonstration sites (desdign). Research and development – evidence-based advocacy (urine bank)

2. Institutional linkages 3. Capacity building at different levels (community mobilization) 4. Develop product marketing strategy. Scaling-up PPP (cost) 5. Media strategy (select ambassadors). Promotion/dissemination 6. Final rport on above activities to SACOSAN with recommendations 7. Ecosan toilet in President’s house/politicans/Local authority premises. Showcase sites

Action Plans 18 month action plan for the activities Some activities parallel Partners champions Water supply and drainage Successful farmers Agriculture Entrepreneurs Health Village Head Environment District Administrators Local government ministry Religious leaders Education Universities NGO’s, UN Media Timelines Short term 18 months

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Long term national programs Theme 2 Technological options Activities

• Sharing knowledge • Selection of affordable appropriate technology • Pilot project • Cost estimation – construction and other components. Water, health, pollution,

fertilizer • Promotion of entrepreneurs (Training, capacity-building, funding) • Research and development • Standardization – quality control • Evaluation • Marketing strategies

Partners and champions Timeline Government 18 months NGOs Manufacturers Training acedemics Development partners Public institutions Civil society Mass Media Users Theme 3 National Planning and Policy Formulation

1. Integration of rural-urban-periurban water and sanitation 2. intersectoral perspective with listed partners

a. education b. agriculture c. health d. energy e. environment f. community g. local government h. media

3. policy should advocate sustainable sanitation with decentralised approach 4. future development plans based on policy 5. ministers with their network should be involved 6. media involvement in every stage

Activities

1. initial meeting with all partners 2. formation of steering committee with representatives from partners 3. identify what the challenges are 4. review existing policy and identify the gaps 5. set objectives and time frame 6. draft policy 7. public hearing 8. approval and finalisation

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9. common agenda for south-Asian countries on sustainable sanitation with the SACOSAN Inter-Country Working Group (ICWG)

Theme 4 Cities and Planning Priorities

1. planning based on natural constraints/limits 2. planning process 3. public consultation 4. transparency and good governance 5. social equity 6. integrated urban and rural planning

Activities

1. mainstreaming sustainable sanitation in the national urban planning process 2. create a common platform for stakeholders and capacity building for urban planners

on SuSan 3. promoting public consultation in the urban sanitation planning process 4. advocacy and lobbying for need-driven finance (18-36 months)

Champions

1. urban planning authority 2. local government authorities (LGAs) 3. environmental authorities and NGOs 4. social leaders (religious, dons, etc) 5. politicians 6. media

Theme 5 Capacity Development Taken as a strategy Activities

a) Needs assessment 4 – 8 months b) Review and development of training packages/material – 4 months c) Modalities to roll out the capacities (8 months)

Partners and champions

a) National level/district level • Government agencies and INGO’s • Politicians • Activists • Donors • Institutions • Other concerned stakeholders

b) School & community-level

• Local bodies • Schools/institutiutions • Local groups/clubs

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• Champions at villages/schools Day 3 18 months to go – what to do The objective of the session was to develop detailed country-level plans to ensure greater profile of sustainable sanitation and ECOSAN in SACOSAN IV, 2010, Sri Lanka. Therefore it was decided to dedicate Session 1 to educate participants on the use of SWOT Analysis for Strategic Planning. The session commenced by defining the term SWOT. Accordingly SWOT stands for; Strength Weakness Opportunities Threats Whereas, it was requested by the presenter for participants to analyze sustainable sanitation and ecosanitation programmes, particularly linking SACOSAN with this process and making it inclusive. Session 2, which was a National Working Group Session was aimed at Strategic Planning, particularly;

1. What we envision for SuSan and Ecosan in our country 2. What would we like to see in SACOSAN IV 3. Based on the outcomes of 1&2, carry out a SWOT analysis

Each Country Group to present the SWOT Analysis

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Country Presentations of SWOT Analysis Sri Lanka Strengths Technical capacity and knowhow Government acceptance Committed individuals and organiations – NGO’s, universities, etc Pilot projects and demos Availability of material and publications Local government regulations on sanitation High literacy rate Weaknesses Lack of integrated approach Lack of social acceptability Affordability (cost) Availability of products Poor technical capacity of local authroties Resistance to change (from existing practices) Lack of markets (ecosan by-products) No national policy/plan Political instability Opportunities Technical support SACOSAN Process Multifaceted benefits Meeting MDG and covering gap Demand for fertilizer and green technology Concern on environmental issues and legislation Limited capacity of Local Authorities for sewage disposal Ensure food security Increasing water pollution Threats Other national priorities High sanitation coverage Government susbsidy on chemical fertilizer Misconceptions Lack of acceptance of agricultural products fertilized by ecosan products

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India Strenghts Good nation-wide sanitation program Clear guidelines Good monitoring Fund availability Commitment to MDG’s Development of civil society Incentives Weaknesses More focus on hardware Inadequate capacity at grassroots level Weak access to government resources Limited options No Urban Planners slum policy Opportunities Dissemination at grassroota level Demonstration of innovative approaches (Pilot) Reearch Upscaling good case studies Inter-sectoral linkages Threats Still manual scavenging Cultural attitudes Behaviour Weak governance

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Pakistan Strengths National Sanitation policy available Provincial sanitation strategy Improved funds allocation PPP’s Community/NGO-based initiatives Weaknesses Non-utilization of allocated funds Poor follow-up of NSP Lack of coordination between federal/local government authorities Less coverage Inadequate treatment facilities Opportunities Religious and cultural norms Enough resources Best sustainable sanitation materials available Effective media SACOSAN IV Threats Political instability Bureacratic hurdles Cultural obstacles

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Bangladesh Strengths National Water supply and Sanitation Policy Public-Private-Partnerships Technical capacities/expertise Government allocation for sanitation and ecosan Incentives for 100% sanitation coverage Involvement of MLGRDC on ecosan and acceptance by government of Bangladesh Media partners plus donor commitment NSS – 2005 (SusSAN and Ecosan) Involvement of LGIS Pilot projects on ecosan Sanitation Secretariat Sector development framework (SDF) PRSP National goal “Sanitation for all” Weaknesses Inadequate allocation Limitd manpower at LGIs to implement sanitation and hygiene Limited capacities at different levels Monitoring system in place, but limited application Inter-ministerial coordination (follow-up) Lack of markets Weak governance Less focus to software aspects Opportunities International year of sanitation (IYS) Global handwashing day International Coordination Working Group (ICWG) SACOSAN IV New government Demonstration toilets Ecosan expertise and experiences in SAARC countries Observance of sanitation month Threats Natural calamities, i.e., floods, climate change, etc. Rapid urban growth Land tenure problems in urban slums (frequent eviction)

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Nepal Strengths Access to sanitation to all by 2017 Reflection in government policy/plan Commitment from politicians, government and donors Wide stakeholder participation Successful pilot projects Trained HR Technological options and approaches Follow-up SACOSAN Dhaka Declaration Weaknesses Limited funds for scale-up Not incorporated urban sanitation policy Limited trained technical personnel Opportunities Scale-up different approaches through national national sanitation committee Big gap between water and sanitation coverage Increasing water pollution in emerging towns Increased PPP and civil society involvement SSME/SLT’s approaches Increasing fertilizer demand and price hikes Climate change Threats Political conflict Natural disaster Lack of local body representation

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Bhutan Strengths Strong political will Prime Minister Patron for Sanitation Trained officials on ecosan Weaknesses Rugged terrain Low budget allocation HR constraints Opportunities Learn from best practices in the region High social acceptance Support from donors Demand for new options Threats Low operation and maintenance culture High community burden Afghanistan Strengths Afghanistan Regional Development Strategy Human Resources Community Development Council CDC/DDA Availability of material Weaknesses Ecosan not included in the Afghanistan Sanitation Policy Low capacity Low awareness Low literacy rate Low subsidy

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Opportunities Finance/funding availability Need/interest/demand Marketing Social change NGO’s Threats Lack of security Political instability Poor economy

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Session 3 National Working Group sessions Using the SWOT Analysis for the national planning How to address the identified strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats? Planning components

• Policy – priorities – planning – rural/urban targets • Regional cooperation • Networking – international – national – sub-national • Sanitation systems – sustainability and agro-use • Stakeholder involvement – choice of technologies • Project identification • Financing of software and hardware • Capacity-building • Implementation • Monitoring of results • Evaluation • Follow-up

It was requested to make activities SMART, meaning; Specific Measurable Achieveable Realistic Time-bound

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Critique ot Strategic Plans by National Working Groups Afghanistan Policy

• GoA to include ECOSAN in National policy and share with all stakeholders in 3rd qrt 2009

Priorities • GoA to consult with all stakeholders by the end of 2nd qrt 2009 • Integrated planning by end of 3rd qrt of 2009 • Targeting rural areas

Regional cooperation

• Regional workshops and study tours in 4th qrt of 2009 • Share experiences, technology options, lessons learned, etc in 4th qrt of 2009 • Networking/communication at national level

Sustainability

• Establishment of O&M system in the plan • Continuous monitoring of the activities

Technology Option

• Sharing of different ECOSAN technology options (software & hardware) with stakeholder/community by 4th qrt of 2009

Project Identification

• Identification of one potential village at each district by 4th qrt 2009 (total 360 villages or approx 126,000 individuals)

Financing of hardware & software

• Fund allocation and on time utilization Capacity building

• Capacity building of Gov, NGOs, CDCs, DDA and private sector during 4th qrt 2009 Implementation

• Survey/technical assessment in 4th qrt 2009 • Tendering/signing agreements for implementation in 1st qrt 2010 • Start of implementation in 2nd qrt 2010

Supervision/Monitoring/Evaluation & Follow up

• Supervision on weekly basis • Monitoring on monthly basis • Evaluation by project completion • Follow up of O&M • Extension of projects to other 360 villages & 150 urban (2nd phase) in 2011

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Bangladesh Policy Implement National Water and Sanitation Policy -1998 by 2013; - Formulate Policy related to EcoSan by 2010; Priorities

- Urban, Peri-urban, hard-core poor and hard to reach areas; - Railway and water transport - Grassroots involvement and capacity building - Solid and liquid waste management;

- Sanitation at market place - School Sanitation Planning - National Sanitation Events; - Sensitization workshop (National, district and sub-district levels) before SACOSAN-

IV - Action Research in urban areas before SACOSAN-IV

- Training program on hardware and Software for Masons, Users, Staffs (GO, NGO,

LGIs,) by 2010; - Provision for installation of 25000 Eco-toilets in urban and rural area by 2010;

- Implementation guidelines by 2009

Regional Cooperation Supports from Regional Office regarding IEC materials, lesson learned, monitoring mechanism, technical options, success stories/ best practices, case studies etc; Networking International Level: SEI/EcoSanRes, SANDEC, IRC, WASTE, TTZ, SEECON International, UN Habitat etc) Regional Level: EcoSan Foundation, Unicef Regional Office, National Level: National Sanitation Secretariat, National Sanitation Task force, Local Consultative Group (GO, Donors, INGO, NGO; Sub-national: District and Sub-district Sanitation Task Force, LGIs (CC, municipalities and Union Parishad)

30

Sanitation Systems-Sustainability and Agro-reuse Promotion of EcoSan by 2010; - Improvement of Eco-toilet by 2010; - Use of urines and composts in kitchen gardens,

farm-fields by 2011; - Improvement of market on compost by 2011;

Stakeholder Involvement Involvement of GO, NGO and private Entrepreneur from planning to implementation, Sanitation Task Force, Choice of Technologies Improved affordable technologies available Project identification National EcoSan Project for Sustainable Sanitation Financing of Software and Hardware • 20% of national ADP budget earmark for sustainable sanitation;

- 25% of 20% ADP for Software; - 75% of 20% for Hardware; • Contribution from Donors and INGO

(JICA, WASTE-Netherlands, WHO, UNICEF and JADE) Capacity building by 2009

- Sensitization Seminar at National level - District and sub-district workshop

- Training for district and sub-district officials - Training for Masons during project period;

- Training for Users during project period;

- Training for Monitoring

31

Implementation (by 2010) - Implement Eco-toilets district, sub-districts and union levels;

- Implement by CC and Municipalities

- NGO and private initiatives;

- Monitoring

Monitoring of Results - Quantitative and qualitative monitoring quarterly by

Sanitation Task Force. - Annual progress review through national and district

level workshop; Evaluation (by first quarter of 2011) - Evaluate results and shared among stakeholders;

Follow-up - Project follow-up after one year - Redesigning new projects, if necessary;

- Guidelines improved

32

Bhutan By 2013, all Bhutanese to have access and useimproved sanitation

Sl No

Planned Output Detailed Activities Indicat

ors Target Timeline Estimated

Budget (Million US

$)

Responsible Agency

Partners and Champions

Remarks

Sustainable Sanitation-SuSAN

1. 1 Preliminary Site Selection July 2008- August 2008

1. 2. Design, Site Approval and Awareness Raising material

August 2008- June 2009

1.3 Construction of pre pilot demonstration units

July 2009- September 2009

1.4 Promotion and awareness raising campaigns

October 2009- Nov 2009

1.4 a Training of TOT

1.5 Procurement of materials August 2009- Nov 2009

1.6 Community mobilization and construction

October- February 2010

1.7 user training Mar-10

1.8 Quarterly monitoring and feedback Jun-10

Piloting; Finalization of Technological Options and Appropriate Sanitation Approach

1.9 Pilot Evaluation

No. of pilot sub-

districts

4

July -Aug 2010

0.50 PHED- MOH

SNV, UNICEF, MoWHS,

Local Community and Local

Govt., MOA and MOE

Pilot Project

already inprogress

Sl No

Planned Output Detailed Activities Indicators Target Timeline

Estimated Budget (Million US $)

Responsible Agency

Partners and Champions

Remarks

Sustainable Sanitation

2

Development of Stand Alone Sanitation Policy with inclusion of ECOSAN

TA+ Stakeholder Consultation+feedback +Endorsement+Submission to cabinet for approval

National Sanitation Policy

July 2008- June 2010

0.05 PHED-MOH

SNV, UNICEF, MoWHS,

Local Community and Local

Govt., MOA and

MOE

33

3 Scaling up

No. of people using improved sanitation

Baseline =400,000 Target 700000

July 2010- June 2013

1.20 PHED-MOH

SNV, UNICEF, MoWHS,

Local Community and Local

Govt., MOA and

MOE

Assuming 20% subsidy for 60,000 H/H; Donors for Scaling Not identified

Sl No Planned Output Detailed Activities Indicator

s Target Timeline Estimated

Budget (Million US

$)

Responsible Agency

Partners and Champions

1. 1 Preliminary Site Selection

1. 2. Design, Site Approval and Awareness Raising material

1.3 Construction of pre pilot demonstration units 1.4 Promotion and awareness raising campaigns 1.5 Procurement of materials

1.6 Community mobilisation and construction

1.7 user training

1.8 Quarterly monitoring and feedback

1

Piloting; Finalization of Technological Options and Appropriate Sanitation Approach

1.9 Pilot Evaluation

No of pilot

villages/schools

4 Jan 2009-

June 2010

0.15 PHED- MOH

SNV, UNICEF, MoWHS,

Local Communi

ty and Local Govt.,

MOA and MOE

34

India Planning components

• Planning for Short Term Time Frame: 18 months

• Planning for Long Term Time Frame: up to 2012 (MDG) Priorities

• Inclusion of Sustainable Sanitation in on going programs. within 6 months • Focus on usage rather than number. • Capacity building at grassroots level for implementing and O and M. • Up gradation of existing guidelines with multiple technological options. • Creating more living examples for sustainable sanitation including action research

before SACOSAN IV in community and institutions. • Solid and Liquid waste management to be prioritized .

Priorities:

• Before SACOSAN IV: - One National and state level Workshop in each State on Sustainable Sanitation - Documentation of case studies of sustainable sanitation and Agro reuse /fact

sheets/translations/ dissemination. - Action research / pilot (four) on sustainable / Integrated sanitation.

Regional Cooperation

• At least two meetings of ICWG before SACOSAN IV. • Regular communication between group members. • Sharing and replication of success stories • Implementation of SACOSAN III declaration and working as per road map.

Stakeholder Involvement

• Formation of State level inter sectoral committee within 3 months and quarterly review meeting.

35

• Strengthening of CCDUs with capacity building and coordination with CBOs. • Sanitation plan should come from gram sabhas.

Financing of software and hardware

• Allocation of increasing software expenditure up to 30 %. • Allocation for creation of village level sanitation coordinator • Financing for post implementation support

Implementation

• Involvement of community for monitoring implementation to be made mandatory. • Exposure visits to successful case studies in nearby villages to be included in project

activities. • Mandatory pre implementation IEC in all projects.

Monitoring of Results

• Review of existing indicators ,after evaluation. • Incorporating of qualitative indicators ,after evaluation. • Inclusion of GIS technique for planning and monitoring two pilots in next 18 months.

Evaluation

• Comprehensive evaluation is in process by GOI for TSC and NGP villages,that will be available by December 2009.

• Lesson learnt will be incorporated and disseminated to Public and other stake holders.

Follow - up

• Provision for follow up to be incorporated in Urban and Rural sanitation guidelines • Minimum one year follow up of implemented project and allocation of fund for

human resources. • Follow up actions to be linked to evaluation outputs.

36

Nepal S.N Activities Time

Frame marks

1 Policy level intervention

1.1 Review of policies to promote SusSan at national level in consultation with district/local stakeholders

MPPW/DWSS/ NSSC

1 year If favorable political situation

S.N Activities Responsibilities Time Frame

Remarks

2 Regional Cooperation

2.1 Documentation of best practices/case studies and sharing at regional level

NSSC 12 Months

2.2 Organise exchange visits NSSC 18 months

S.N Activities Responsibilities Time Frame

Remarks

3 Networking

3.1 Establish effective coordination and network among different Ministries –MPPW, MoH, MoA, MoE&ST, MoES

MPPW/Sectoral Stakeholder Group 6 months If favorable political situation

3.2 Establish better networking with International agencies like SEI, SuSana and other related agencies

18 months

3.3 Organise minimum two orientation programme to policy makers, planners and stakeholders/civil socieities

NSSC/Susan node 6 months

S.N Activities Responsibilities Time Frame Remarks

4 Sanitation Systems

4.1 Develop promotional tool kits on Sustainable Sanitation Systems (ecosan toilets, biogas systems, decentralized wastewater treatment system, bio filters)

NSSC/Susan Node 1 year

37

4.2 Development of Entrepreneurship for production and marketing

NSSC/Susan Node 18 months

4.3 R&D and demonstration of urine and faeces application for agriculture productivity

NSSC/Susan Node/NARC 18 months

S.N Activities Responsibilities Time Frame

Remarks

5 Choice of Technologies

5.1 Conduct R&D for appropriate, affordable and socially acceptable technologies

DWSS/NSSC 18 months

5.2 Scaling up institutional and community level ecosan technologies in schools and public places

DWSS/NSSC 18 months

S.N Activities Responsibilities Time Frame Remarks

6 Project piloting

6.1 Minimum Three VDCs and Two Tows will be piloted for sustainable sanitation as a model concept through SSHE, SLTS and other approaches

NSSC and other partners 18 months If favorable political situation

S.N Activities Responsibilities Time

Frame Remarks

7. Capacity Building

7.1 Establish and Institutionalize SuSan Node with wider stakeholders at national level

MPPW/NSSC 4 months

7.2 Enhance local level capacity for SuSan

DDC/WSSDO/DSSC 18 months

7.3 Conduct 4 regional workshops on SuSan

NSSC/SuSan Node 18 months

S.N Activities Responsibilities Time Frame Remarks

8. Advocacy and Social Mobilisation

8.1 Mass Media Campaign for BCC MPPW/NSSC 12 months

8.2 Regional Level workshop in 5 development region for concerned

DWSS/NSSC/RMSO

38

stakeholders including concerned Associations.

S.N Activities Responsibilities Time

Frame Remarks

8. Monitoring, Evaluation and Follow up

8.1 Strengthen self monitoring mechanism at local level

school, community groups 18 months

8.2 Establish external independent and Joint monitoring system

DSSC, DDC, other concerned agency 18 months

8.3 Disseminate outcome of the regional workshop on SusSan with all major stakeholders

DWSS/SCNSA 2 months 1st action as a followu p

8.4 Review and finalize the action plan MPPW/SCNSA Before SACOSAN

Abbrevation

• MPPW : Ministry of Physical Planning & Works • MoEST : Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology • MoA : Ministry of Agriculture • MoH : Ministry of Health • MoES : Ministry of Education • DWSS : Department of Water Supply & Sewerage • NSSC : National Sanitation Steering Committee • DSSC : District Sanitation Steering Committee • WDSO : Water Supply and Sanitation Divisional Office • DWSSO : District Water & Sanitation Coordication Committee • DDC : District Development Committee • VDC : Village Development Committee • SSHE : School Sanitation & Hygiene • SLTS : School Led Total Sanitation

39

Pakistan Priorities

• Inclusion of Ecosan in NSP • Preparation of Action Plans for NSP implementation • Implementation of provincial sanitation strategies • Due weightage to rural/urban sanitation • Proper implementation and follow up

Policy Level

• Introducing different technological options including Ecosan within first 6 months • Sharing of regional experiences of ecosan with policy makers by Dec 2009 • Preparation of regulatory framework (Rules, regulations and procedures) by provinces

by October 2009 • Legislation regarding building of toilets alongwith their specification will be made by

provincial governments by Dec 2009 Networking for improved coverage

• Formation of National sanitation policy implementation committee by June 2009 • Establishment of Directorate for sanitation at federal level by September 2009 • Every province will form a sanitation cell for implementation and coordination by

June 2010 • Involvement of NGOs with local governments • Involvement of agriculture, health & education Ministries/departments by June 2009

Sanitation Models/System

• Component sharing model will be implemented with letter and spirit involving communities

• Ecosan model will be introduced on pilot basis in rural areas by Dec 2009 • Other technology options will also be introduced to the community • Mass awareness through involvement of stakeholders • Share successful component sharing model with other countries in SACOSAN IV

Project identification

• National sanitation programme will be started at federal level under MTDF by June 2009

• Projects will be made for both urban/rural sanitation in financial year 2009-10 • Provinces will be asked to prepare their own sanitation projects with federal

government assistance in financial year 2009-10 • Establish good demonstration sites

40

Financing

• According to NSP the main sewerage infrastructure will be financed by government while communities will finance internal/small infrastructure

• Federal govt will provide major funding to provinces. Provinces by contributing their own resources will provide funds to local govts

• Donors/development partners will finance software components Capacity building

• Successful sanitation projects will be converted into model training centers by June 2010

• Teams of community technicians will be trained at Union council level by March 2010

• Educational/research institutions will be involved in the capacity building process started in July 2009

Media Campaign

• Creating mass awareness by involving religious leaders • Sanitation campaign through print and electronic media • By using schools as a lead institutions to capitalize sanitation programme

Implementation/Monitoring & Evaluation

• Implementation of the projects at local and provincial level • Monitoring and Evaluation Committee at provincial and federal level will look after

the implementation and follow up the progress

41

Sri Lanka Action Plan (Draft) Policy –Priorities-Planning-Rural/Urban Targets

• Finalize the National Sanitation Policy. (Oct 2009, M/ WS&D) • National Plan- Translate Policy in to action

– Components-Institutionalized Roadmap for SACOSAN • Activities lead up to the SACOSAN conference • Urban and Rural sanitation- in progress to achieve MDG by 2015 • Pilot Projects & Demonstration plots

– Ecosan toilets, constructed wetlands, RWH,Biogas, HWWTS.(one year from now there’ll be showcase projects, M/Health,NWS&DB,NGO’s)

– Capacity building of Local authorities. (-do-) – Green School concept through school health clubs.

(M/Education, MENR) – Recognition of contributions by local authorities, schools and

government Institutions (M/ PC&LG, Health, WS&D,Education)

– Implement a demonstration CLTS (Community led Total Sanitation) in a selected village(NGO’s and partners)

Regional cooperation

• Networking and share/exchange experience and expertise among SACOSAN member countries.

• Introduce functions to the focal institution for extending regional cooperation beyond SACOSAN.

• Regional Cooperation for climate change adaptability and mitigation. • Develop linkages among SACOSAN member countries. • Agree on national indicators accepted for regional countries • Develop an interagency model.( Ministries of WS&D, MOE, MoH, MENR,

Agriculture, Energy and NWSDB,UDA,LA • Contribute to development of materials to meet regional standards for promotion of

ECOSAN • Adopt BCC strategies for Eco-San

Networking International/National/Sub-National

42

• Academics, Researches,GO’s and NGO’s and the Civil society. • Networking for innovative technologies. • Networking for MFI for rural sanitation • Private sector involvement as sanitation is a bussiness.

Sanitation systems, sustainability and agro re-use Stakeholder Involvement-choice of Technology Project Identification Financing of software and hardware Media Campaign A media plan going upto SACOSAN Points to be highlighted through the media campaign

• Improper discharge and environmental issues • School sanitation • Promoting ecosan options and highlighting benefits (Agricultural, Hygiene). • TV and Radio interviews

Capacity Building Implementation Monitoring of the results Evaluation Follow-up

43

Session IV Collaboration monitoring of the outcome of the workshop A discussion/decision was taken on strategy for regional monitoring, respective timelines and responsibilities. They were as follows:- Activity Details Responsibility Website 1) EcosanRes Arno Rosemarin Website www.ecosan.org SuSanA www.susana.org Detailed findings of Proceedings Prakash Kumar Workshop to ICWG Communication between Letter of Ministry Prakash Kumar SACOSAN iii and IV Get plans endorsed all Follow-up on regional www.ecosan.org Regional office Activities UNICEF/

Water Aid Sharing of good IEC Regional office Materials UNICEF Follow-up to Roadmap Delhi Women for water Next meeting/thematic Kusum Paper Sustainable sanitation Suggested India Water 10 days Prakash Regional network Portal discussion group CapNet South Asia

44

Water Aid mid-term ECOSAN side event Nov. Mustapha SACOSAN meeting Mailing list of Google-based discussion Arno Participants group Committee Follow-up on activities Kencho, Sriyani, Deepthi List of Prticipants

VENUE-TANGERINE,

KALUTARA FROM: 27TH - 29TH APRIL 2009

NAME Country ORGANISATION

1

Ms.Kumari Balasuriya Sri Lanka Southern Provincial Council

2 Mr.U.D.C. Jayalal Sri Lanka Southern Provincial Council

3

Mr.S. Liyanagama Sri Lanka Ministry of Water Supply and Drainage

4

Mr.M.I. Abdul Lathiff Sri Lanka Ministry of Water Supply and Drainage

5

Dr. Piyaseeli Sri Lanka NIHS- Kalutara

6

Mr. R.D.S. Jayatunga Sri Lanka Ministry of Environment & Natural Resources

7 Ms.Renuka Peris Sri Lanka Ministry of Education

8

Mr.K.A.Upali S. Imbulana Sri Lanka Ministry of Agricultural Development and Agrarian Services

9

Mr.G.A. Kumararathna Sri Lanka National Water Supply and Drainage Board

10

Mr.D. Seneviratne Sri Lanka National water Supply and Drainage Board

11

MR. Deepthi Sumanasekara

Sri Lanka National Water Supply and Drainage Board

12

Mr. H.T.R. Wijesooriya Sri Lanka National Water Supply and Drainage Board

13

Mr.D.S.D.Jayasiriwardena Sri Lanka National Water Supply and Drainage Board

14

Ms.Ganga Kariyawasam Sri Lanka IFRC- Community Recovery and Reconstruction Partnership

15 Mr. Kannan Pasupathiraj

Sri Lanka

IFRC

16

Mr.Kusum Athukorala Sri Lanka Communication and advocacy Women for Water Partnership

45

17

Ms.Tanuja Ariyananda Sri Lanka Lanka Rain Water Harvesting Forum

18 Mr.Waruna Rathnabharathie

Sri Lanka Practical Action

19

Dr. Ravi Nanayakkara Sri Lanka Plantation Human Development Trust

20

Ms.Paba Danaseela Sri Lanka International Organization for Migration

21 Mr.Missaka Hettiarachchi Sri Lanka EFL/WWF Partnership

22 Ms.Priyankari Alexander Sri Lanka SASEP

23

Mr. Saman Amunuthuduwa

Sri Lanka COSI

25

Mr. S. Wijetunge Sri Lanka University of Ruhuna

26

Mr.Bandula Chandrasekara

Sri Lanka Energy Forum

27 Mr. Ananda Jayaweera

Sri Lanka

UNICEF - Sri Lanka

28 Ms.Constanze Windberg Sri Lanka SEI

29 Ms.Sriyani Udawatte Sri Lanka SEI

30

Dr. Arno Rosemarin Sweden SEI

31

Ms. Cecelia Ruben Sweden SEI

32

Mr. William L. Fellows UNICEF

33 Mr. Prakash Kumar India UNICEF/ SEI- India

34 Mr. Namaste Lal Shreshtha

Nepal UNICEF

35 Mr. Jan Mohommad Mehrabi

Afganistan UNICEF

36

Mr.Kencho Namgyal Bhutan UNICEF

37 Ms. Qumrun Nahar Bangladesh UNICEF

38 Mr. Azahar Ali Pramanik Bangladesh SPACE

39

Ms.Pradnya Thakur India Ecosan Services Foundation- India

40

Mr. Amit Kumar Saha India India

41 Mr. M. Subburaman India SCOPE

42

Ms.Jasveen Jairath India Capnet- South Asia

43 Mr.Bodh Narayan Shreshtha

Nepal Red Cross Nepal

44

Mr.Vishwa Mani Jnawali Nepal Dept of Water Supply and Sewerage

45 Dr. Roshan Raj Shrestra Nepal UN HABITAT

46

46 Mr.Habibullah Azimi Afganistan Min. of Rural Rehabilitation

47 Mr.Mohammed Azeen Barat

Afganistan DACAAR

48

Mr.Ugyen Rinzin Bhutan Ministry of Health

49 Mr.Dechen Yangden Bhutan Urban Infrastructure Services

50

Mr. Muhammed Ibrahim Bangladesh Department of Public Health Engineering

51 Mr. Ashok Madhop Roy

Bangladesh

Min of Local Government

52 Mr. Mustafa Talpur

Pakistan Wateraid

53 Mr.Muhammed Khalil Awan

Pakistan Min. of Environment

54 Mr. Rashid Mahamood Pakistan MUAWIN

55 Mr.U.L. Kaluaratchi Sri Lanka

56 Ms.Geethanjali Mercelline Sri Lanka

47

48

49

50

SPEECHES/ADDRESSES Welcome and introduction by Mr.William Fellows, UNICEF

I am very pleased and honoured to have been invited to this Regional Workshop on Sustainable Sanitation in South Asia, in order to develop detailed country level plans to ensure greater profile of ecological sanitation in SACOSAN IV to be held in 2010 in Sri Lanka. As you know, safer access to proper sanitation requires focus on achieving UN Millennium Development Goals, to which we are signatory. 78% applies to access to safe drinking water, whereas the rest applies to access to sanitation. In order to achieve this, we have to accept ecological sanitation as an important area. We have to reach targets on time. We need Institutional support. There needs to be human resource development and strenghtening of policies. All these are required in the 10 year development framework of Sri Lanka. The Ministry of Water Supply and Drainage has to take responsibility for training and capacity development of personnel, and monitor and develop ecological sanitation. It has also taken the responsibility to coordinate in the field of organization in the country. There should be people-centred planning and a demand-driven approach. Information exchange on water supply and drainage is being done in collaboration with the Department of Census and Statistics following a series of meetings. Much progress has been made on water supply tanks of Sri Lanka. However, laboratory support is needed. There are many situations in the country where traditional technologies does not provide technology for ecosan. Ecosan is based on eradicating pollution using safe products for agricultural workers. Compost is sanitized and recycled to futher utilize technology The Ministry of Health is doing this with technical support from the Water Supply and Draingae Board. Over the last decade, the approach has been for planning development and management of rural water supply and sanitation. Community creating the need for sanitation with support from the government. I am sure all of you will have useful deliberations and this event will be a success. Address by Mr. William Fellows of UNICEF As a representative of UNICEF, I wish to give the UNICEF perspective of Ecological Sanitation. About 35 years ago. In a South American town, a group of people got together. They were passionate believers of sanitation. Among them was me. I managed to convince them of the need for integrated water sanitation.

51

I had no experience whatseoever on how work was done on ecological sanitation. Therefore, I signed up for integrated sanitation for a decade. I was privileged to be one of the first to be hired for a water project. I specifrically went from water project to adding sanitation. I was the first UNICEF regional advisor on sanitation. My. Career has been a long struggle with my water colleagues. When I first came to Sri Lanka several decades ago, the Water Board was concentrating on water projects. Then they realized Sanitation is more important than water and focused on investigation, planning, design, Construction, operation and maintenance of water supply services and sewerage and sanitation facilities It must be said that sanitation is not the last part of development, but the first.. Therefore, due consideration must be given to this fact. Address by Mr. S. Liyanagama, Secretary , Ministry of Water Supply & Drainage I am very pleased and honoured to have been invited to this workshop on sustainable sanitation in preparation for SACOSAN IV to be held in 2010 in Sri Lanka. Safer access to proper sanitation requires focus on achieving UN Millennium Development Goals. In order to achieve this goal, we have to accept sanitation and reach these goals on time. An endeavour such as ecological sanitation requires institutional support, such as strengthening of policies. All this has been spelt out in the 10 year development framework of Sri Lanka. The Ministry of Water Supply and Drainage bears responsibility for training, monitoring and development of ecological sanitation. It includes engaging in field-based activities and seeking support in providing resource persons for training of PHI tutors for ecological sanitation. This means people-centred planning and having a demand driven approach to ecological sanitation. Information exchange on water supply and drainage has been done in collaboration with the Department of Census and Statistics through a series of meetings. However, as mentioned by Mr. Fellows, laboratory support is needed. Traditional technologies prevailing in the country does not support ecological sanitation. As you maybe aware, ecological sanitation is based on eradicating pollution rather than using safe products for agri workers. The Ministry of Water Supply and Drainage intends further utilizing technology of the Ministry of Health with technical support provided from the Water Supply and Drainage Board. A questionnaire was prepared and public comments obtained, which survey is in the process of finalization. Over the last decade the approach has been towards investigation, planning, design, Construction, operation and maintenance of water supply services and sewerage and sanitation facilities, but now there is a need for ecological sanitation, the reason why we are meeting here today, to discuss about sustainable sanitation in the region.

52

I am sure all of you will have useful deliberations and this event will be a success. Address by Dr. Arno Rosemarin, SEI I would like to start my address by giving the background to SEI, especially with regard to ecological sanitation research. Cutting edge technology has been used for this purpose. Yet, there is much more to be done in the region. So many are suffering from lack of access to water supply. The purpose is to try and inject something new to the sanitation sector. In other words, have sustainable thinking. Therefore, it would do well to use SACOSAN as a common platform to take sustainable sanitation and ecological sanitation to greater scale in South Asia FAO and IFAD had water saniation programmes in Africa. Human excreta was used for agricultural purpose. I am one of those who laid the foundation for moving the agenda forward. At a workshop held ecosan methods were discussed. Last weeked I networked in Kathmandu. Much more awareness need to be made about making ecosan sustainable. The more we meet, it is important that we discuss about capacity development. For this purpose, we need to brainstorm. I would like to welcome you to three days of activity. This workshop has been organized by Constanz and her staff. Thank you Connie for organizing this Workshop. Address by Hon. Kumari Balasuriya, Governor, Southern Provincial Council , Sri Lanka It is a great opportunity for me to attend this workshop and to learn of the good work done by the Organizers in Sri Lanka. I represent the Souther Province. Following the tsunami, much Development work has taken place in the Southern Province. Environmental degradation/climate change is viewed as a major issue around the whole world, especially climate change. My interest is to meet and talk to many organizations committed to this cause of preserving the environment. I was with the Canadian High Commissioner to Sri Lanka yesterday and we discssued about the development of the Southern Province. Once again let me thank you for the interest taken in our country. You can count on my encourage and support to develop it further. I wish to thank Sriyani Udawatte for having invited me to this fruitful workshop. I hope it will be of great value to our country.

53

Appendix – Profiles of the Key Speakers Mr. William Fellows William Fellows is the UNICEF Regional Advisor for Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) for South Asia a post he has held for 4 years. Currently the Dean of UNICEF Wash he has served in Sierra Leone, Sudan, Zimbabwe, Uganda, Nigeria and Iraq before joining the South Asia Regional Office, serving as Chief of WASH in the last 4 duty stations. He is currently the IASC Global WASH Cluster Coordinator designate and takes up his new post on 29 June. Mr. S. Liyanagama Mr. Liyanagama is by profession a Lawyer and holds a Certificate of Public Administration from SLIDA. He bears long years of service with the public sector, starting from Asst. Secretary to Ministry of Sports and Parliamentary Affairs in 1983 to the current portolio of Ministry of Water Supply and Drainage. In the Ministry of Water Supply and Drainage’s efforts in ecological sanitation, he has played a pivotal role for training, monitoring and development, including engaging in field-based activities and seeking support in providing resource persons for training of PHI tutors for ecological sanitation. Cecilia Ruben, Fil kand and MSc - Communications and Networking Manager and Research Fellow, Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI)

Cecilia Ruben has worked at SEI for the 20 years of its existence. SEI was founded in 1989and with the EcoSanRes Programme, since its inception in 2001. Before that Cecilia worked both as a staff member and as a private consultant with various United Nations agencies , national governments, local authorities and NGOs in national and international contexts with a substantive focus on planning, development and sustainability. With this background, the more recent focus on sustainable sanitation in a development perspective has led to a considerable amount of policy promotion, institutional strenghtening and capacity-development with an effort to strengthen the links between sanitation, agriculture and livelihoods. Apart from the worldwide context, over the years Cecilia Ruben to a large extent focused on various African contexts, while more recently her attention has been changed to Asia and especially South Asia and India.

54

Tanuja Ariyananda Tanuja Ariyananda is a Hydro biologist with a PhD from University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka and a M.Sc. in Aquatic Resource Management from King's College London. Director of Lanka Rain Water Harvesting Forum since its inception in 1996. Member of the Ministerial Committee for Developing Policy and Strategy for Rain Water Harvesting in Sri Lanka President (2008-20010) of International Rainwater Catchments Systems Association, IRSCA and has been Secretary General (2003-2008), and Director Women's programme (2001-2003), Mr. Kannan Pasupathiraj Mr. Kannan Pasupathiraj is a Specialist on Ecological Sanitation weth the International Federation of the Red Cross. He has a Masters in Civil and Environmental Engineering, Town Planning and Waste and Waste Water Management. He has been active in the field of Ecological Sanitation with NGOs and IFRC for the last 10 years.